AU594229B2 - Improved ammonia converter - Google Patents
Improved ammonia converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU594229B2 AU594229B2 AU11303/88A AU1130388A AU594229B2 AU 594229 B2 AU594229 B2 AU 594229B2 AU 11303/88 A AU11303/88 A AU 11303/88A AU 1130388 A AU1130388 A AU 1130388A AU 594229 B2 AU594229 B2 AU 594229B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- double
- ammonia converter
- catalyst bed
- stage ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
- C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
- B01J8/0415—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00203—Coils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
- B01J2208/00221—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
In a two-stage ammonia converter containing at least one catalyst bed arranged in the pressure housing in annular fashion and a heat exchanger which can be flowed through by the reaction gas and is arranged centrally in the interior with respect to said bed, a solution is to be provided with which especially the guiding of the heat exchanger pipes, optimisation, decoupling of the length of the heat exchanger from the height of the catalyst bed and even a more favourable transmission of heat are achievable, where, in particular, a solution which is simple in construction terms should be found. This is achieved by constructing the heat exchanger (5) as a single-plate heat exchanger having heat exchanger tubes (6) arranged centrally in a plate (7) in a U-shaped manner, the side tubes of the U-tubes being arranged centrally for the inlet and being arranged on the circumference for the outlet. <IMAGE>
Description
803-P14/EA/KW/0711T.6
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION 594229
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: Related Art: r I r Sre i TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor: Address for Service: UHDE GMBH Friedrich-Uhde-StraBe 15, 4600 Dortmund 1, Germany 1) Hans-Dieter Marsch 2) Dr. Klaus-JUrgen Mundo ARTHUR S. CAVE CO.
Patent Trade Mark Attorneys Level Barrack Street SYDNEY N.S.W. 2000
AUSTRALIA
Complete Specification for the invention entitled IMPROVED AMMONIA CONVERTER.
The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me:- 1 d ASC 49 2- The invention relates to a.double-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed of annular-type arrangement and a central heat exchanger being passed by a reaction gas.
Such double-stage ammonia converters available in different designs, as, for example, referred to in DE-OS 27 10 247 or DE-OS 31 46 778, are well known. The solutions offered have in common that the gas is introduced via a concentric pipe in the heat exchanger and is fed, via the respective backflow tubes, to the inlet of the first catalyst bed for preheating prior to passing through the catalyst bed and dissipating the heat at least partially in the following heat exchanger.
It has become evident that, depending upon the structural design and the gas flow path, the central pipe which has a large cross section does not permit optimum results.
The object of the invention is to provide for a solution which allows an expedient routing of the heat exchanger tubes and a favourable heat transfer to be obtained with a relatively simple structural design.
Referring to a double-stage ammonia converter as described above, the problem is solved. as per the present invention, by the fact that the heat exchanger is designed to have a simple tubesheet with U-shaped tubes and that, contrary to the usual design, the U-tube inlets are located in the tubesheet centre and the U-tube outlets at the periphery.
U-shaped heat exchanger tubes are, of course, known. In the double-stage ammonia converters referred to above they offer the advantage that already the inner downward tube sections can be used for heat exchange. Moreover, the single tubesheet generally allows to realize a simple type of construction because the entire heat RVPP11001Q71287 .1
J
j~4.,au aL IJU I 6111UIJIU L1Ub C Ll II uay SJX1 To: The Com m issioner of Patents, COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA ARTHUR S. CAVE CO. (Signature of Declarant) PATENT AND TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS (Leithe) V. Laukel)
SYDNEY
-3exchanger can, for instance, be inserted and mounted in the converter from above. On the other hand, it can easily be dismounted or replaced without particular difficulties. Furthermore, the length of the heat exchanger need not necessarily coincide with the length of the catalyst bed, i.e. it may also be shorter.
An embodiment of the invention provides for the tubesheet being located on the upper side of the heat exchanger and equipped with a central fresh gas supply line and distribution dome.
It may be expedient if the U-shaped tubes are provided with baffles for guiding the heat-exchanging gas leaving the first catalyst bed.
SIt may also be advantageous if at ).east one quench gas admission line with variable inlet opening is installed within the heat exchanger tube bundle. This device would simplify the start of the reaction as well as exercise a certain control function.
The invention may be described more detailed as follows, with due reference to the attached drawing which, in simplified form, shows a cross-sectional view of a double-stage ammonia converter as per the present invention.
The converter 1 consists of a pressure housing 2 and a cover The pressure vessel is equipped with two catalyst beds 4 the special structural design of which is, however, of no concern to this invention.
The cylindrical first catalyst bed 4 being of special interest in this case is equipped, in its interior, with a single-tubesheet heat exchanger 5, the U-shaped tubes 6 being arranged in a common tubesheet 7.
The inlets of the U-shaped heat exchanger tubes 6 are connected to the synthesis gas supply line 9 via a distribution dome 8. The tube outlets face a gas dome 10 from which the gas flows radially tEhrough the first catalyst bed 4.
RVPP 1100 1Q7 1287 The heat exchanger 5 is equipped internally with baffles 11 for obtaining optimum flow conditions. Provision has also been made for a quench gas admission line 12 with variable immersion depth as marked by double arrow 13..After flowing radially through the second catalyst bed 4 the process gas leaves the converter via outlet nozzle 14.
CL+
f
CC
CC I C ~t RVPP11001Q71287 L I
Claims (3)
1. Double-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed of annular-type arrangement and a central heat exchanger being passed by a reaction gas, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the heat exchanger is designed to have a single tubesheet with U-shaped tubes, the U-tube inlets being located in the tubesheet centre and the U-tube outlets at the periph- ery. *o 4, *o 0 4 t (r C (C C t tC Double-stage ammonia converter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the tubesheet is located on the upper side of the heat ex- changer and equipped with a central fresh gas supply line and a distribution dome.
3. Double-stage ammonia converter according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the U-shaped tubes are provided with baffles for guiding the heat-exchanging gas leaving the first catalyst bed.
4. Double-stage ammonia converter according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that at least one quench gas admission line with.variable inlet opening is installed within the tube bundle of the heat exchanger. 6 Double-stage ammonia converter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, substantially as herein described with reference to the figure herein. DATED this 1st day of February, 1988. UHDE GMBH By Its Patent Attorneys, ARTHUR S. CAVE CO. 1015E o e v o b 0 0 l BI 1015E SJ 7 Ab s t ract: "Double-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed and a central heat exchanger S The invention relates to a double-stage ammonia converter with at St, least one catalyst bed of annular-type arrangement and a central heat exchanger being passed by a reaction gas. The object of the present invention is to provide for a solution which allows an ex- pedient routing of the heat exchanger tubes, an independence of the heat exchanger length from the catalyst bed height, and a favour- able heat transfer to be obtained with a relatively simple struc- tural design. The problem is solved, as per this invention, by the fact that the heat exchanger is designed to have a single tube- sheet with U-shaped tubes the U-tube inlets being located in the tubesheet centre and the U-tube outlets at the periphery. RVPP1001Q7l287 L 1
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3708781 | 1987-03-18 | ||
| DE19873708781 DE3708781A1 (en) | 1987-03-18 | 1987-03-18 | TWO-STAGE AMMONIA CONVERTER WITH AT LEAST ONE CATALYST BED WITH HEAT EXCHANGER INSIDE ITSELF |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1130388A AU1130388A (en) | 1988-09-22 |
| AU594229B2 true AU594229B2 (en) | 1990-03-01 |
Family
ID=6323361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU11303/88A Ceased AU594229B2 (en) | 1987-03-18 | 1988-02-04 | Improved ammonia converter |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0282699B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0672013B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1010402B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE86950T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU594229B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1298962C (en) |
| DE (3) | DE8717724U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK172441B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2039001T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI84168C (en) |
| MY (1) | MY100781A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO170575C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA88539B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3819451A1 (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-14 | Uhde Gmbh | DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT EXOTHERMAL, CATALYTIC GAS REACTIONS FOR AMMONIA OR METHANOL SYNTHESIS |
| DE102004028200B3 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-15 | Hippweb E.K. | Method for carrying out heterogeneous catalytic exothermic gas phase reactions for the synthesis of methanol |
| DE102006061847A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Uhde Gmbh | Ammonia converter comprises a radially flowed-through catalyst bed, which concentrically surrounds a heat exchanger, an external- and/or an internal annular space and a main flow direction formed by the catalyst bed |
| GB201308428D0 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-06-19 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Reactor |
| DE102016203753A1 (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Process for the production of products under changing load conditions |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0134260A1 (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1985-03-20 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Horizontal ammonia converter |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6904757A (en) * | 1968-03-28 | 1969-09-30 | ||
| IT1041778B (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1980-01-10 | Snam Progetti | RADIAL FLOW REACTOR FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS WITH HIGH THERMAL LEVEL STEAM PRODUCTION |
| GB1574723A (en) * | 1976-03-10 | 1980-09-10 | Haldor Topsoe As | Apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia |
| IT1141102B (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1986-10-01 | Ammonia Casale Sa | AXIAL-RADIAL REACTOR FOR HETEROGENEOUS SYNTHESIS |
-
1987
- 1987-03-18 DE DE8717724U patent/DE8717724U1/de not_active Expired
- 1987-03-18 DE DE19873708781 patent/DE3708781A1/en active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-01-22 EP EP88100898A patent/EP0282699B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-22 DE DE8888100898T patent/DE3879241D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-22 ES ES198888100898T patent/ES2039001T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-22 AT AT88100898T patent/ATE86950T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-27 ZA ZA880539A patent/ZA88539B/en unknown
- 1988-01-28 CA CA000557528A patent/CA1298962C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-01 FI FI880450A patent/FI84168C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-01 DK DK198800501A patent/DK172441B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-02 MY MYPI88000092A patent/MY100781A/en unknown
- 1988-02-04 AU AU11303/88A patent/AU594229B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-02-08 NO NO880535A patent/NO170575C/en unknown
- 1988-02-18 JP JP63034127A patent/JPH0672013B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-25 CN CN88100966A patent/CN1010402B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0134260A1 (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1985-03-20 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Horizontal ammonia converter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63230517A (en) | 1988-09-27 |
| FI84168B (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| MY100781A (en) | 1991-02-14 |
| DK172441B1 (en) | 1998-07-13 |
| CN88100966A (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| DK50188D0 (en) | 1988-02-01 |
| ZA88539B (en) | 1988-07-27 |
| NO880535L (en) | 1988-09-19 |
| FI880450A (en) | 1988-09-19 |
| DE3708781A1 (en) | 1988-09-29 |
| AU1130388A (en) | 1988-09-22 |
| NO170575C (en) | 1992-11-04 |
| CA1298962C (en) | 1992-04-21 |
| FI84168C (en) | 1991-10-25 |
| ATE86950T1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
| EP0282699A3 (en) | 1989-04-26 |
| NO170575B (en) | 1992-07-27 |
| DE8717724U1 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
| DK50188A (en) | 1988-09-19 |
| DE3879241D1 (en) | 1993-04-22 |
| CN1010402B (en) | 1990-11-14 |
| NO880535D0 (en) | 1988-02-08 |
| EP0282699B1 (en) | 1993-03-17 |
| FI880450A0 (en) | 1988-02-01 |
| EP0282699A2 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
| ES2039001T3 (en) | 1993-08-16 |
| DE3708781C2 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| JPH0672013B2 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
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