CN88100675A - 芳族氟亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂 - Google Patents
芳族氟亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN88100675A CN88100675A CN198888100675A CN88100675A CN88100675A CN 88100675 A CN88100675 A CN 88100675A CN 198888100675 A CN198888100675 A CN 198888100675A CN 88100675 A CN88100675 A CN 88100675A CN 88100675 A CN88100675 A CN 88100675A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- fluorophosphites
- phenyl
- tert
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 aromatic fluoro phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000005078 alkoxycarbonylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 6
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- QCGZTNJOAZWUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-ditert-butyl-11-fluoro-3,7-dimethyl-5h-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocine Chemical class C1C2=CC(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C2OP(F)OC2=C1C=C(C)C=C2C(C)(C)C QCGZTNJOAZWUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005248 alkyl aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
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- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyldodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical class [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LEHJHZNHIKFLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,6-ditert-butylphenoxy)-fluorophosphinous acid Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1OP(O)F LEHJHZNHIKFLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- MUMQYXACQUZOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dialifor Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(C(CCl)SP(=S)(OCC)OCC)C(=O)C2=C1 MUMQYXACQUZOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UWETVEYENGVTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluorophosphinous acid Chemical compound OP(F)F UWETVEYENGVTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzylether Substances C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGEIPFLJVCPEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCC(C)N IGEIPFLJVCPEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005920 sec-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/201—Esters of thiophosphorus acids
- C07F9/206—Esters of thiophosphorus acids containing P-halide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/141—Esters of phosphorous acids
- C07F9/146—Esters of phosphorous acids containing P-halide groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
在有氧的情况下通常逐渐降解的有机物,是通过含有一种芳族氟亚磷酸酯来稳定的,所述芳族氟亚磷酸酯至少具有一个通过氧连于磷的苯基和至少一个直接连到该磷上的氟原子。通过进一步含有一种常用的酚抗氧化剂改善了稳定性。许多芳族氟亚磷酸酯是新型化合物。
Description
本发明涉及芳族氟磷化合物及其作为抗氧剂的应用,这些抗氧剂用于诸如有机聚合物之类的有机材料。
亚磷酸盐,膦酸盐和其他有机磷化合物可作为抗氧剂用于有机聚合物及其它有机材料。人们一般认为这些抗氧剂在高温下的特性优于酚类防老剂,原因在于它们能够避免产生易分解从而导致自氧化链反应的过氧化氢。因此,在包括聚烯烃挤出在内的各种操作期间,磷化合物之所以重要,就在于其氧化稳定性。
酚类和磷抗氧剂常常一起用于聚烯烃均聚物和共聚物以便当暴露在低温和高温时提供抗氧化保护,令人遗憾的是作为添加剂其用量较大,因而聚合物的生产费用需要额外增加。因此,需要有一个不仅适用于聚烯烃也适用于其它基质并且作为添加剂出售其价格合理的有效的抗氧剂剂。
一般说来,有机材料中含有抗氧剂通常易于氧化降解。许多所使用的抗氧剂的效用均有限或赋予有机材料令人生厌的特性如变色。这一问题对烯属不饱和单体的聚合物和共聚物,特别是聚烯烃如聚丙烯来说尤为严重。在加工过程中,这些材料需被加热升温,这样会破坏许多抗氧剂,其结果是使聚合物在使用期间迅速退化变质。本发明的芳族氟磷化合物可使有机材料保持优良的色彩及热稳定性。
本发明提供了一些可作为非常有效的稳定剂用于多种有机材料的芳族氟磷化合物。芳族氟磷化合物之所以非常有效,其原因在于它们在加工条件下通过于长时间内延迟有机材料粘度的变化而使其得到稳定。此外,于室温下,它们可以稳定地贮存。当它们与酚类防老剂联合使用时尤为有效。
本发明的一个优选实施方案是一种当与氧接触时通常属于逐渐氧化的有机材料,所述有机材料含有抗氧化量的芳族氟磷化合物,上述芳族氟磷化合物的特征在于至少有一个苯基通过氧与一个三价磷原子键合,并且至少有一个氟原子键合在同一磷原子上。
符合上述定义的任何有机磷化合物均易于通过其结构式得到确认。这类化合物的特别优选种类之一可用下式表示:
(RO-)nP(-F)3-n式Ⅰ
式中R为被取代或未被取代的芳基,该芳基的取代基选自烷基,芳基,芳烷基,环烷基,羟基,烷氧基,芳氧基,卤素,烷氧羰基,烷氧羰基烷基和酸基,而n=1或2。在更为优选的这类化合物中,取代基为C1-20烷基,C6-12芳基,C7-12芳烷基,C5-8环烷基,羟基,C1-12烷氧基,C6-12芳氧基,卤素,其烷氧基部分含1-20个碳原子,而烷基部分含1-3个碳原子的烷氧羰基烷基,其烷氧基部分含1-20个碳原子的烷氧羰基以及C1-4酸基。
上述取代基的代表性实例有甲基,异丙基,仲丁基,叔丁基,正癸基,仲十二烷基,仲二十烷基,苯基,邻甲苯基,对甲苯基,萘基,4-苯基苯基,4-仲己基苯基,苄基,α-甲基苄基,苯乙基,4-叔丁基苄基,4-叔丁基-α-甲基苄基,环戊基,环己基,环辛基,甲氧基,乙氧基,异丙氧基,2-乙基己氧基,2-乙氧基乙氧基,异丁氧基,十二烷氧基,苯氧基,4-乙基苯氧基,萘氧基,4-苯基苯氧基,氯,溴,氟,碘,甲氧羰基甲基,丁氧羰基乙基,十二烷氧羰基丙基、十八烷氧羰基乙基,二十烷氧羰基乙基,甲氧羰基,丁氧羰基,癸氧羰基,十八烷氧羰基,二十烷氧羰基,甲酸,乙酰氧基,丙酰氧基,丁酰氧基等。
基团(RO)的代表性实例包括苯氧基,2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯氧基,2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基,2,6-二异丙基苯氧基,2,4-二异丙基苯氧基,2,6-二仲丁基苯氧基、4-苯基苯氧基,2-(α-甲基苄基)苯氧基,2,6-二(α-甲基苄基)苯氧基,2-环己基苯氧基,2-甲基-4-环己基苯氧基、4-羟苯氧基,4-甲氧基苯氧基、2-乙氧基苯氧基,4-十二烷氧基苯氧基、4-苯氧基苯氧基,4-十八烷氧羰基乙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯氧基,4-十二烷基羰基苯氧基,4-乙酰氧基苯氧基等。
式Ⅰ化合物的代表性实例有氟亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)酯;二氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔丁基苯酯;氟亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯;二氟亚磷酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯,氟亚磷酸双(4-(2-十八烷氧羰基乙基)-2·6-二叔丁基苯基)酯;(aka氟亚磷酸双〔2,6-二叔丁基-4-(2-碳酰十八烷氧乙基)苯基〕酯,二氟亚磷酸4-(2-十八烷氧羰基乙基)-2,6-二叔丁基苯酯:氟亚磷酸双(4-(2-十二烷氧羰基乙基)-2,6-二仲丁基苯基)酯等。
式Ⅰ所示的最佳化合物为氟亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)酯:氟亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯和氟亚磷酸双(4-(2-十八烷氧羰基乙基)-2,6-二叔丁基苯基)酯。
本发明化合物的第二种优选种类为具有下述结构的环状氟亚磷酸酯
式中R1和R2为被取代的或未被取代的芳基,该芳基的取代基选自烷基,芳基,芳烷基,环烷基,羟基,烷氧基,芳氧基和卤素,而X选自由连接R1和R2单键和二价桥基(选自C1-12二价脂族烃基,含-O-和-Sq-,其中q为1-3的整数)所构成的基团。
式Ⅱ的更为优选的环状氟亚磷酸酯实例中,R1和R2上的取代基为C1-20烷基,C5-12芳基,C7-12芳烷基,C5-8环烷基,羟基,C1-12烷氧基,C6-12芳氧基和卤素,而X选自连接R1和R2单键与二价桥基(选自C1-12二价脂肪族羟基,-O-和-Sq-,q为1-3的整数)所产生的基团,-R1-X-R2-的实例有2,2′-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基);2,2′-双(4-氯-6-异丙基苯基);2,2′-双(4-甲氧基-6-叔戊基苯基);2,2′-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基),2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基);4,6′-二叔丁基-4′-甲基-6-异丙基-2,2′-异亚丙基双苯基;2,2′-硫双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基);2,2′-三硫双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基);2,2′-硫双(4-甲氧-6-叔丁基苯基),2,2′-二硫双(4-甲基-6(α-甲基苄基)苯基)。
第三种优选实例可用下列结构表示:
式中R为被取代的或未被取代的芳基,该芳基上的取代基选自烷基,芳基,芳烷基,环烷基,羟基,芳氧基,烷氧基,卤素,烷氧羰基,烷氧羰基烷基和酸基,而R3选自烷基,环烷基,芳烷基,芳基,取代芳基,烷氧基,环烷氧基,芳氧基和芳烷氧基。
优选的R取代基为C1-20烷基,C5-8环烷基,C6-12芳基,C7-12芳烷基,羟基,C1-12烷氧基,C1-12芳氧基,囟素,其烷氧基部分有1~20个碳原子而其烷基部分有1~3个碳原子的烷氧羰基烷基,其烷氧基部分有1~20个碳原子的烷氧羰基和C1-4酸基。更为优选的R3选自C1-20烷基,C5-8环烷基和通过氧与磷进行键合的C7-12芳烷基,以及C6-12芳基,C1-20烷基,C5-8环烷基和直接与磷相连的C7-12芳烷基。
式Ⅲ中R-O-的代表性实例与结构式Ⅰ中这一基团的定义相同。
式Ⅲ中R3的代表性实例有甲氧基,仲丁氧基,癸氧基,2-乙基癸氧基,十八烷氧基,二十烷氧基,环戊烷氧基,环己烷氧基,环辛烷氧基,苯氧基,2,6-二叔丁基苯氧基,2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基,2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯氧基,4-甲氧基苯氧基,苄氧基,4-乙基苄氧基,苯基,对甲苯基,4-苯基苯基,甲基,乙基,丁基,十二烷基,十八烷基,二十烷基,环己基,环辛基,苄基,4-乙基-α-甲基苄基等。
典型的式Ⅲ化合物为甲基氟亚磷酸苯酯,十二烷基氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔丁基苯酯,二十烷基氟亚磷酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯,环乙基氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙氧基苯酯,氟亚磷酸二苯酯,氟亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)酯,氟亚磷酸双(2,4-二淑丁基苯基)酯,氟亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔戊基苯基)酯,苄基氟亚磷酸2(α-甲基-苄基)-4-氯苯酯,苯基氟亚磷酸2-甲基-6-叔丁基-4-苯氧苯酯,甲基氟膦酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯,苄基氟膦酸2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲苯酯,二十烷基氟膦酸2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酯等。
本发明的第四种氟磷化合物可用下列结构表示:
式中A为单或多环芳基,R4可任意选自氟,芳氧基,烷芳氧基,烷氧基和聚烷氧基,而r为1-4的整数,S为0-3的整数,r+S=A的化合价。
式Ⅳ中R4的代表性实例有氟,苯氧基,4-乙基苯氧基,2-乙基-4-异丁基苯氧基,萘氧基,2-叔丁基苯氧基,2,6-二叔丁基苯氧基,2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯氧基,2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基,2,6-二仲丁基苯氧基2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯氧基,4-十二烷基苯氧基4-(α-甲基苄基)苯氧基,甲氧基,丁氧基,癸氧基,十二烷氧基,二十烷氧基,2-乙氧基乙氧基,2-丁氧基乙氧基等。
式Ⅳ中的“A”为在其结构中至少含一个苯环的任何有机基团,“A”可含有4个或更多个苯环。一般来说,“A”不仅限于烃,“A”还可含有氧和/或氮。
式Ⅳ化合物中较为重要类型的基团“A”包括于下列亚属范围内。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅰ)A基团具备下列结构:
式中R5和R6为氢或C1-12烷基,这些二价亚苯基的代表性实例有1,4-亚苯基,1,2-亚苯基,2,6-二叔丁基-1,4-亚苯基,2,5-二叔丁基-1,4-亚苯基,2-甲基-5-十二烷基-1,4-亚苯基等。
含有“A”基团Ⅳ(ⅰ)的氟磷化合物的代表性实例有2,5-二叔丁基-1,4-亚苯基双(二氟亚磷酸酯);2,5-叔丁基-1,4-亚苯基双(苯基氟亚磷酸酯);二氟亚磷酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯,十八烷基氟亚磷酸2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基酯,2,4-二叔丁基苯基2-(α-甲基苄基)-4-羟苯基氟亚磷酸酯,2,6-二叔丁基苯基2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸酯;十二烷基氟亚磷酸2-十二烷基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基酯;2,5-二叔丁基-1,4-亚苯基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸酯)等。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅱ)A基团具有下列结构:
式中R5和R6如上所定义,R9为化合价为Y的C1-6脂族烃基,Y为整数2或3。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅱ)代表性化合物为:1
1.“+”代表叔丁基。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅲ)A基团具有下列结构:
式中R5和R6如上所定义,X为整数1-3。式Ⅳ(ⅲ)A基团的代表性实例有:4,4′-硫代双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基),4,4′-硫代双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基),4,4′-二硫代双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基),2,2′-二硫代双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基),2,2′-硫代双(4-叔丁基苯基)等。
含有亚属Ⅳ(ⅲ)A基团的式Ⅳ有机氟磷化合物的代表性实例
有:4,4′-硫代双(二氟亚磷酸2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酯),4,4′-硫代双(丁基氟亚磷酸2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酯),4,4′-硫代双(二氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔丁基苯酯),4,4′-二硫代双((苯基氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔戊基苯酯)等。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅳ)A基团的结构式为:
式中R5和R6如上所定义,这些二苯基的实例有
式Ⅳ有机氟磷化合物的亚属Ⅳ(ⅳ)的代表性实例有:
亚属Ⅳ(ⅴ)A基团具有下列结构:
式中R5和R6如上所定义,R7为氢或C1-6烷基,t为整数2或3,u为整数0-4而t+u=2-6。
具有亚属Ⅳ(ⅴ)A基团的式Ⅳ有机氟磷化合物的代表性实例有:1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-苯的三(二氟亚磷酸酯);1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三〔3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基〕-苯的三〔苯基氟亚磷酸酯);1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-苯的三(正十二烷基氟亚磷酸酯);2,3,5,6-四甲基-1,4-双-〔3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基〕苯的双(2-叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸酯);2,3,5,6-四乙基-1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯的双(正辛基氟亚磷酸酯);1,3,5-三(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯的三(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲苯基氟亚磷酸酯);1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯的双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸酯);2,4,6-三乙基-1,3,5-三〔2-甲基-6-叔丁基-4-羟苄基〕苯的三(2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙苯基氟亚磷酸酯)等。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅵ)A基团具有下列结构:
式中R5和R6如上所述,R8为化合价为w的C1-30脂族羟基,w为整数1-4,ν为整数0-4。
具有亚属Ⅳ(ⅵ)A基团的式Ⅳ有机氟磷化合物的代表性实例有:二氟亚磷酸2-甲基-6-叔丁基-4-(甲氧羰基甲基)苯酯;2,6-二叔丁基-4-(十二烷氧羰基)苯基2,6-叔丁基-4-甲苯基氟亚磷酸酯;二氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔丁基-4-(十八烷氧羰基乙基)苯酯;2,6-二叔丁基-4-(十八烷基羰基乙基)苯基2,4-二叔丁苯基氟亚磷酸酯,正癸基氟亚磷酸2,6-二叔丁基-4-(十八烷氧羰基乙基)苯酯;2,6-二叔丁基-4-(十八烷氧羰基乙基)苯基2,6-二叔丁苯基氟亚磷酸酯;2,6-二叔戊基-4-(十八烷氧羰基乙基)-苯基2-叔戊基苯基氟亚磷酸酯;2-甲基-6-叔丁基-4-(二十二烷氧羰基甲基)苯基2,6-二叔戊基苯氟亚磷酸酯;四-(亚甲基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烯酸)甲烷的四(二氟亚磷酸酯);四(亚甲基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烯酸)甲烷的四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸酯);四(亚甲基2-(3-叔戊基-4-羟苯基)乙酸)甲烷的四(2,4-二叔己基苯基氟亚磷酸酯);三羟甲基丙基三-〔3-(3·5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烯酸)的三(二氟亚磷酸酯),三羟甲基乙基三(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸)的三(3-甲基-5-叔丁苯基氟亚磷酸酯)等。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅶ)A基团具有下列结构:
式中R和R如上所定义。
典型的具有亚属Ⅳ(ⅶ)A基团的式Ⅳ有机氟磷化合物有:1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)异氰脲酸的三(二氟亚磷酸酯);3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)异氰脲酸的三(2,4-二叔丁苯基氟亚磷酸酯);1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸的三(2,6-二叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸酯);1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸的三(甲基氟亚磷酸酯);三(4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸的三(正十二烷基氟亚磷酸酯)等。
亚属Ⅳ(ⅷ)A基团具有下列结构:
式中R和R如上所述。
典型的具有亚属Ⅳ(ⅷ)A基团的式Ⅳ有机氟磷化合物有:αα′-硫代双(2,6-二叔丁基一对苯基酚)的二氟亚磷酸二酯;4-氢苄基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄硫醚的2,4-二叔丁苯基氟亚磷酸二酯;双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚的十二烷基氟亚磷酸二酯;双-(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚的二氟亚硫酸二酯;双-(3,5-双十二烷基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚的2,6-二叔丁基苯基氟亚磷酸二酯;双-(3,5-二异丙基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚的苯基氟亚磷酸二酯等。
优选的本发明芳族氟亚磷酸酯,氟亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁苯基)酯,2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯和2,2′-双(2,6-二叔丁苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
本发明的芳族氟亚磷酸酯特别适用作抗氧剂。这种抗氧剂可广泛地用于各种有机材料,而这些材料在氧存在下,延续使用一定时间后一般会逐渐退化变质。换句话说,有待本发明抗氧剂保护的有机材料种类是那些本领域公认的有必要提供抗氧化保护的材料,通常是向这类材料中加入某种抗氧剂从而达到延长其使用寿命的目的。避免产生的氧化降解是加工有机组合物期间或之后出现的退化变质而并燃烧之类造成的。
本发明抗氧剂适用的有机材料实例包括烯属不饱和单体的聚合物,其中既有均聚物又有共聚物,例如聚烯烃如聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚丁烯等。
诸如聚氯乙烯,氯丁橡胶,聚偏二氯乙烯,聚氟烯烃之类的多囟烃也须进行稳定化处理。抗氧剂可对下列天然和合成橡胶提供抗氧化保护:烯属不饱和单体共聚物,其中包括丁苯(SBR)橡胶,乙烯-丙烯共聚物,乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物如乙烯,丙烯和环戊二烯或1,4-环辛二烯的三元共聚物。受到保护的还有聚丁二烯橡胶如顺式聚丁二烯橡胶。可采用本发明的添加剂稳定化处理的还有聚-2-氯-1,3-丁二烯(氯丁橡胶)和聚-2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯(异戊二烯橡胶)。另外,丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂也可得到有效的稳定化。得到保护的还有乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA),和丁烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。得到有效稳定的还有含氮聚合物如聚氨基甲酸乙酯,丁腈橡胶,丙烯酸十二烷基酯-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物。得到保护的还有粘合性组合物如氯丁橡胶的甲苯溶液,聚亚苯醚如单独存在或与掺合剂如合成橡胶结合在一起的聚-2,6-二甲基-1,4-亚苯醚。聚苯乙烯和改性的聚苯乙烯橡胶(即耐冲击聚苯乙烯)同样得到稳定。
石油润滑油如溶剂精制油,美国中部润滑油和海湾润滑油均可被有效地稳定化。若与二烃基二硫代磷酸锌如二烷基二硫代磷酸锌或二烷芳基二硫代磷酸锌混合使用时,本发明的抗氧剂可为烃质润滑油(即有矿物油又有合成油品)提供有效的保护。
合成酯类润滑剂如用于涡轮机和涡轮喷气发动机的润滑剂可得到高度的稳定。典型的合成酯类润滑剂包括癸二酸二-2-乙基己酯,三壬酸三羟甲基丙酯,在酯化条件下缩合而成的混合酯类,季戊四醇的C脂族单羧酸酯,由多羟基化合物,多元羧酸,和脂族一元羧酸和/或-羟基链烷醇所组成的混合物。这些混合酯类的一个实例是通过己二酸,乙二醇与由C脂族一元羧酸所组成的混合物缩合而成的产物。增塑剂如苯二甲酸二辛酯可得到有效保护。万一有必要的话,还可保护重质石油馏份如沥青和焦油。
得到有效稳定的有聚酰胺如己二酸-1,6-二氨基己烷缩合产物和聚6-氨基己酸(尼龙),聚亚烷基氧化物如酚与环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷的共聚物,聚苯醚如采用铜-吡啶催化剂聚合2,6-二甲酚得到的聚2,6-二甲苯醚,聚碳酸酯塑料和聚甲醛。
得到高度保护的有线形聚酯如邻苯二甲酸酐-1,2-乙二醇缩合物,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)。其它聚酯如1,2,4-苯三酸-甘油缩合物也可得到保护。聚丙烯酸酯如聚丙烯酸甲酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯也可得到有效的稳定。聚丙烯腈和丙烯腈与其它烯属不饱和单体如甲基丙烯酸甲酯所形成的缩合产物也可得到有效稳定。
本发明的抗氧剂既可用于热固性又可用于热塑性聚合物组合物为佳。所谓热固性聚合物是那些受热时一般变为不熔或不溶物且其自身无法重新被熔化的塑料。它们精心制成了交联的三维结构并用于塑料、合成树胶、涂料和粘合剂。
与热固性聚合物相反,多数热塑性聚合物可被软化并通过加热加压变成新的形状。热塑性聚合物含有常常没有任何支化的长链分子(如高密度聚乙烯)。热塑性聚合物在操作温度下通常是坚硬的,但可以被重新熔化和重新加工。它们包括聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、尼龙等等,还包括用于高温下的聚合物,准备用于本发明的最佳有机化合物是聚丙烯和聚乙烯。
新添加剂的最受推荐的实用性在于,在加工(如挤出)过程中稳定热塑性聚合物。在它们当中,最受推荐的聚合物是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、线型低密度聚乙烯和聚碳酸酯类。
本发明的抗氧化剂对于控制粘合剂中用作增粘剂的树脂的退色和氧化降解是有效的。可被保护的树脂包括合成烃类树脂。例如脂环族C树脂、芳族C树脂、萜烯树脂等。还包括天然树脂等,例如木松香、松香和妥尔油松香,它们可用于生产增粘剂。
抗氧化剂以少量但以有效量加入到有机物中以提供所需的抗氧化保护。有效范围一般为0.005~5%(重量)的有机物,优选范围介于0.01~2%(重量)。
抗氧化剂加入到有机物的方法是公知的。例如,若该物质是液体,则只可将添加剂混入该物质中。固体有机物可只与挥发溶剂中的添加剂溶液一起进行喷淋。举例来说,稳定了的颗粒产物是从与一种抗氧化剂的甲苯溶液一起喷淋颗粒得到的。就橡胶聚合物而言,可按下述聚合步骤加入添加剂:将它与最后的乳液或溶液聚合物混合物混合,然后凝结或除去溶剂以获得稳定化了的聚合物。也可以按照在配料阶段只在工业混合设备(如Banbury混合器)中把添加剂与橡胶聚合物进行混合的方法加入添加剂。在这种方法中,橡胶聚合物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、顺-聚丁二烯或异戊二烯聚合物,与抗氧化剂和其它通常加入的成份(如碳黑、油、硫、氧化锌、硬脂酸、硫化促进剂等)一起进行共混。然后进行素炼,得到的混合物经过捏造,模塑成形并进行硫化。
通过使合适的酚化合物与三氯化磷或三溴化磷进行反应,形成芳氧基单或二囟(如Cl或Br)代亚磷酸酯的方法,可容易地制备出本发明的氟亚磷酸酯。这种物质依次与氟化物,例如HF、LiF、NaF、KF、RbF、CsF、SbF3、SbF5、AgF、HgF2、CoF3、SF4等诸如此类的物质(可把连接磷的F换成Cl或Br)进行反应。
在制备式Ⅰ-Ⅳ化合物的过程中,将酚与PCl3或PBr3反应以形成氯代或溴代亚磷酸酯中间体,然后如下述方程所示,使这种中间体与一种氟化剂反应。
在上面的例子中使用了PCl2,其实也可以使用PBr2。同样,KF用作了氟化剂,但任何其它氟化剂都可以在其位置上使用。
用于形成中间体氯代或溴代亚磷酸酯的PCl2或PBr2的量,取决于酚反应物中羟基数目和中间体中所需的残余P-Cl或P-Br基的平均数目,例如,如果一摩尔PCl2与一摩尔单羟基化合物反应应,正常情况下得到的时间体为二氯亚磷酸酯。同样,如果两摩尔单羟基酚化合物与一摩尔PCl2反应,则正常情况下得到的中间体化合物为一氯亚磷酸酯。当邻-邻桥二酚与一摩尔PCl2反应时,中间体中的主要组分将是环状一氯亚磷酸酯,例如它们可用于制备式Ⅱ的氟亚磷酸酯。
原料化合物是公知的并在下列文献中有所描述:
2,836,577;U.S.2,944,986;U.S.3,562,338;U.S.1,972,599;U.S.2,807,653;U.S.3,449,441;U.S.1,892,990;U.S.2,394,754;U.S.2,479,948;U.S.2,905,674;U.S.3,367,980;U.S.3,069,384;U.S.2,202,877;U.S.2,313,782;U.S.3,065,275;U.S.2,841,619;U.S.2,315,556;U.S.2,469,469;U.S.2,836,609;U.S.3,146,273;U.S.2,008,032;U.S.2,714,120;U.S.3,093,587;U.S.3,060,121;U.S.2,538,355;U.S.2,364,338;U.S.3,330,859;U.S.3,062,896;U.S.3,026,264;U.S.3,531,483;
《美国化学会》期刊78 1069(1956)以及其它文献。
PCl3或PBr3与酚的反应最好在一种质子惰性的溶剂中进行,例如在THF、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷等中。这种反应也可以在过量的起着溶剂或反应介质作用的PCl3或PBr3中进行。反应温度应高到足以产生分解。有效的温度范围是在-30°~300℃。推荐的温度范围是0-100℃更好的温度范围是25~75℃,最佳温度是回流温度。
氯代或溴代亚磷酸酯中间体通过与至少等量的氟化剂(以连接磷的Cl和或Br的当量计)反应而被氟化。可过量使用。氟化反应最好在一种质子惰性的溶剂中进行。反应可以在制备中间体得到的同一反应混合物中进行。
氟化反应温度应高到足以使氟代替氯或溴,但不要高到产生分解。有效的温度范围是10-300℃,更为可取的是20-150℃,最好是回流温度。
本发明的芳族氟亚磷酸酯可单独用作抗氧化剂,或与酚抗氧化剂、硫酯类(如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯和硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯)、光稳定剂(如受阻胺类或紫外光吸收剂)、金属减活剂、颜料、染料、润滑剂(如硬脂酸钙)、成核剂和滑石及其它填料一起使用。
有效的紫外光稳定剂的一些有代表性的例子有:
紫外光稳定剂
* 二丁基二硫代甲氨酸镍
* 2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯酮
* 3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯
* 双〔邻-乙基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)膦酸镍
* 双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶基-4)癸二酸酯
* 2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基-5-氯-苯并三唑
* 双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-哌啶基-4)癸二酸酯
* 正丁基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4哌啶基)丙二酸酯
* 具有2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇的丁二酸二甲酯聚合物
* N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺,具有2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三胺和2,4,4-三甲基-1,2-戊胺的聚合物
* Gasorb UV3346(A美国氰氨基钙肥料)一类的聚合物受阻胺类;Spinuvex A-36(Montedison);Chimassorb 9 44(Ciba-Geigy)
* 2-(2′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔戊基苯基)苯并三唑
* 2,2′-硫代双(4-叔辛基酚基)丁氨基镍(Ⅱ)
* 镍双〔(乙基-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)膦酸盐)等等
适用于本发明的酚抗氧化剂在本技术领域是公知的,它们包括2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚;2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚;3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚;2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚;4-(羟甲基)-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚;4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚);2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚);4,4′-硫代双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);四(亚甲基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)甲烷;1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯;0,0′-二正十八烷基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)膦酸酯;3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯;2,2′-乙二酰氨基双乙基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯;双(0-乙基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)膦酸酯)钙及其混合物。特别有用的酚抗氧化剂是1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯,它是由Ethyl公司销售,牌号Ethanol 330抗氧剂。以组合物总重为基准,使用时,酚抗氧化剂最好与芳族氟亚磷酸酯一起存在,其含量为0.005~3.0%(重量)。
下面的实施例是用来说明本发明的某些特例,但它们决不意味着限制本发明的精神实质和范围。
实施例1
双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯的制备
在氮气氛下,将10.1克双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氯亚磷酸酯、2.4克无水氟化钾和100ml无水四氢呋喃混合并加热回流117小时。接着,向混合物中加入1.0克的无水氟化钾。混合物在回流温度下加热共44小时并使其冷却。将得到的料浆过滤,滤液在真空下浓缩。将粗产物溶于正庚烷中并通过碱性氧化铝过滤,用正庚烷洗提。含极性最低的产物的初始馏分被浓缩成3.6克浅色油。在碱性氧化铝的情况下用色层分离法提纯该油并用正庚烷洗提,得到1.8克透明油,放置后固化成白色固体。光谱分析(H-NMR,P-NMR,F-MR,质谱(MS))证实,白色固体为双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
实施例2
双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-(2-羰十八烷氧基乙基)苯基)氟亚磷酸酯的制备
在氮气氛下,将20克双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-(2-羰十八烷氧基乙基)苯基氯代亚磷酸(纯度75%(重量))、3.0克氟化钾和100ml无水四氢呋喃混合并加热到回流温度。在回流温度下加热混合物40小时后,令混合物冷却,随后过滤。将滤液浓缩成19.4克白色固体。通过P-NMR定量分析,转化率约为90%,双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-(2-羰十八烷氧基乙基)苯基氟亚磷酸酯产率为86%。
通过色层分离法分析纯化粗产物样品并检测聚合物。光谱分析(H-NMR,P-NMR和F-NMR)证实,该产物为双(2,6-二叔基-4-(2-羰十八烷氧基乙基)苯基氟亚磷酸酯。
实施例3
2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯的制备
在氮气氛下,将117ml三氯化磷和1.3l甲苯混合并将混合物冷却到5℃。将573克2,2′-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、375ml三乙胺和2.0l甲苯的溶液滴加到混合物中,滴加时间为6小时。在滴加过程中,将反应混合物保持在10℃以下。此后,使反应混合物升温到室温。在室温下保持1小时后,将135克三氟化锑加入到混合物中形成料浆。接着,在1小时内将料浆升温到85℃并在此温度下保温4小时。粗反应产物由在深绿油上的浅绿有机层构成。从油中取出浅绿色有机层。有机物层通过165克硅胶60过滤。然后,用甲苯洗涤滤饼。在真空下将透明的无色滤液浓缩成617克白色固体。通过P-NMR定量分析,固体颗粒被测定为44∶1的2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯的两种可能的非对映异构体的混合物。H-NMR、P-NMR、F-NMR和MS分析与这些结构相同。
实施例4
双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯的制备
在氮气氛下,将6ml三氯化磷和100ml无水四氢呋喃混合物将混合物冷却到10℃以下。将28.7克2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、20ml三乙胺和150ml无水四氢呋喃滴加到混合物中,滴加时间为80分钟。使得到的料浆升温到室温。在室温下放置2小时后,将8克三氟化锑加入料浆。然后将料浆加热到回流温度并在此温度下保温1小时。使料浆冷却,然后通过碱性氧化铝过滤。用甲苯洗涤滤块。在真空下将滤液浓缩成30.8克浅黄的油。将27克粗产物溶于150ml正庚烷并过滤以除去不溶物。将滤液浓缩成25克的浅黄色油。而后,将该油与100ml乙腈合并,并进行搅拌。通过过滤收集形成的白色固体,得到17.5克双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。H-NMR、P-NMR、F-NMR和MS证实,该固体与这种结构相符。
实施例5
4,4′-亚甲基双(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)四氟二亚磷酸酯的制备
在氮气氛下,反应器中放入10.7克4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4.4mlPCl2、7ml三乙胺和100ml甲苯。搅拌下,将混合物在50℃下加热5.5小时。然后再加热到80℃并于80℃保温36小时。而后加入7.2克SbF3并在80℃下将混合物搅拌4.5小时,然后冷却。形成两相。取出上面的黄色液相并通过硅胶过滤,蒸发滤液,得到固化呈黄色蜡状固体的11.4克剩余物。由乙腈重结晶粗产物,得到一种白色固体(mp.125-126℃)。H-NMR、P-NMR分析与目的四氟二亚磷酸酯相符。
实施例6
2,2′-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯的制备
在氮气氛下,将8.2克4,4′,6,6′-四叔丁基-2,2′联苯和5.9ml三乙胺(于25ml甲苯)的溶液加入到于20ml甲苯中的1.8ml PCl3已冷却(5℃)的溶液,时间为1.25小时。加入完毕后,将料浆搅拌15分钟,然后将混合物温升到室温。搅拌过液后,加入2.0克SbF3。得到的料浆加热到85℃并保温6.5小时。冷却后,从黑色固体剩余物取出甲苯层并通过硅藻土过滤。使滤液蒸发,得到约9克黄色油。用乙腈洗涤黄色的油并在正庚烷溶剂中通过柱色谱纯化。从洗脱液回收的产物是一种白色固体(mp为188℃)。P-NMR在132.4PPm(自H3PO4,CDCl3)显示了1300Hz双重峰,这证实了该产物是目的化合物。
用于实施例7-9的芳族氟亚磷酸酯的符号
化学符号 说明
P-1 双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯
P-2 双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯
P-3 2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯
P-4 双(2,6-双叔丁基-4-(2-羰十八烷氧乙基)苯基)氟亚磷酸酯
实施例7
为了证明本发明芳族氟亚磷酸酯作为工艺稳定剂的有效性,按照下述工序将P-4和1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-苯(Ethanox 330抗氧化剂)引入聚丙烯粉末。将P-4和Ethanox 330抗氧化剂溶解在少量的二氯甲烷中并与50克聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6501聚丙烯,售自Hercules)混合。然后在氮气氛下,将混合物与450克聚丙烯干混。在某些配方中,100PPm的硬脂酸钙(Mallinckrodt RSN 248 D)用作酸中和剂和润滑剂。在氮气氛下,混合物在具有下述温度分布的双螺杆混合机(Brakender,转速30转/分)上进行挤压:区1-150℃,区2和区3-245℃。然后,于550°F下,在单螺杆挤出机(Brabender L/D 24∶1)上对颗粒进行多次挤压。进料温度为265℃,螺旋转速为30rpm(大气压下)。通过把挤出束穿经室温(24-29℃)水浴使其冷却。在挤出束进入制粒机之前,用气刀吹走来自挤出束的过量的水,由此使夹带的水量降到最低限度。按照ASTM方法D-1238条件L(230℃,2160克载荷)用Tinium Olsen挤出机塑性计测定熔流指数。用相同试样,在375°F下压制成60密尔厚的板材并用Hunterlab光学传感器(型号D25)测定颜色。
这些实验结束示于表Ⅰ
表Ⅰ
熔流指数 泛黄度指数
试验 挤出路线编号 挤出路线编号
编号 抗氧化剂 wt% 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 无 13.8 26.9 - 5.0 6.2 -
2 Ethanox 330 0.05 6.7 9.4 12.6 7.2 - 9.6
3 P-4 0.05 6.7 9.2 12.6 5.6 - 7.9
Ethanox 330 0.05
4 Ethanox 0.05 8.9 13.2 18.8 4.5 - 6.1
硬脂酸钙 0.10
5 Ethanox 330 0.05 7.9 11.5 16.2 4.5 - 6.5
P-4 0.05
硬脂酸钙 0.10
实施例8
按实施例7同样方式进行一组试验测定熔流指数,不同的是使用了称作P-2和P-3的芳族氟亚磷酸酯和不同批量的Profax 6501聚丙烯。另外,在所有试验中使用硬脂酸钙和Ethanox 330抗氧化剂。
试验结果示于表Ⅱ。
表Ⅱ
熔流指数
试验 挤出路线编号
编号 抗氧化剂 wt% 1 3 5
1 Ethanox 330 0.05 8 18 -
硬脂酸钙 0.10
2 P-2 0.050 5.4 9.5 15.4
Ethanox 330 0.050
硬脂酸钙 0.100
3 P-3 0.050 5.5 9.3 15.1
Ethanox 330 0.050
硬脂酸钙 0.100
这些试验结果表明,P-2和P-3芳族氟亚磷酸酯对于降低聚丙烯氧化降鲜是有效的。
实施例9
按实施例8同样方式进行一组试验,不同的是使用称作P-1的芳族氟亚磷酸酯和不同批料的Profax 6501聚丙烯,并在5500°F下进行多重挤出。
这些试验结果示于表Ⅲ
表Ⅲ
熔流指数
试验 挤出路线编号
编号 抗氧化剂 wt% 1 3 5
1 Ethanox 330 0.05 3.4 6.2 9.6
硬脂酸钙 0.10
2 Ethanox 330 0.05 2.4 3.8 5.5
硬脂酸钙 0.10
P-1
这些试验结果证明,P-1芳族氟亚磷酸酯对于降低聚丙烯的降鲜是有效的。
实施例10
通过在2ml四氢呋喃、0.2ml水和0.3ml d8-四氢呋喃(氘化THF)的混合物中溶解100mg氟亚磷酸酯,测定列出的氟亚磷酸酯的水解稳定性。在76°F下搅拌混合物并用P-NMR监测。
这些试验的结果在表Ⅳ中给出。
表Ⅳ
样品 两周后水解度%
P-1 0
P-2 0
P-3 <1
这些试验结果表明了长时间(即2周)后氟亚磷酸酯的耐水解性。
本发明决不限于上述的特例,所以,必须理解,所提出的涉及这些特例的描述的详细情况只用来说明,本技术领域专业人员可以理解,在不背离本发明的精神实质和范围内,可以做出许多合理的变更。
Claims (24)
1、宜用作抗氧化剂的芳族氟磷化合物,所述化合物选自具有以下结构的氟磷化合物:
(RO-)P(-F)2式Ⅴ
其中R是一个取代了的芳基,而取代基是叔烷基:
(R′O-)2P-F 式Ⅵ
其中R′是一个取代了的芳基,而取代基选自仲烷基、叔烷基、芳烷基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基、卤、酰氧基和烷氧基羰烷基:
其中R1和R2是取代或未取代的芳基,而取代基选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基卤,X选自连接R1和R2的单键和选自含1-12个碳原子的二价脂肪羟基、-O-和-S-(q是从1~3的一个整数)的二价桥基:
其中R是一个取代或未取的芳基,而取代基选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基、卤、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基和酰氧基,R3选自烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、芳基、取代芳基、烷氧基、环烷氧基和芳烷氧基;和
其中A是一个单或多核芳基,R4任意选自氟、芳氧基、烷基芳氧基、烷氧基和多烷氧基,r是从1~4的一个整数,S是从0~3的一个整数且(r+s)等于A价。
2、权利要求1的化合物,即:双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
3、权利要求1的化合物,即:双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
4、权利要求1的化合物,即:双(4-十八基氧羰乙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
5、权利要求1的化合物,即:2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
6、权利要求1的化合物,即:4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基酚)的双(二氟亚磷酸酯)。
7、权利要求1的化合物,即:2,2′-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
8、与氧接触时通常易被逐渐氧化降解的有机物,所述有机物含有一种抗氧化量的芳族氟磷化合物,所述化合物的特征在于具有至少一个通过氧与三价磷原子相连的苯基和至少一个与所述磷原子相连的氟原子。
9、权利要求8的有机组合物,其中所述芳族氟磷化合物选自具有以下结构的化合物:
(RO-)nP(-F)8-n 式Ⅰ
其中R是一个取代或未取代的芳基,而取代基选自烷基,芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基、卤、烷氧羰基、烷氧羰烷基和酰氧基且n是1或2,
其中R1和R2是取代或未取代的芳基,而取代基选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基和卤,X选自连接R1和R2的单键和选自含1-12个碳原子的二价脂族烃、-O-和-Sq-(基中q是从1~3的一个整数)的二价桥基;
其中R与前面Ⅰ式定义相同,R3选自烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、芳基、取代芳基、烷氧基、环烷氧基、芳氧基和芳烷氧基;以及
其中A是一个单或多环芳基,R4任意选自氟、酰氧基、烷酰氧基、烷氧基和多烷氧基,r是从1~4的一个整数,S是一个从0~3的一个整数且(r+s)等于A价。
10、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述有机物是一种烯化不饱和单体的聚合物。
11、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷酸酯化合物是双((2,6-二叔基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
12、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷酸酯化合物是双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
13、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷酸酯化合物是双(4-十八基氧羰羰乙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
14、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述氟磷化合物是2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
15、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷化合物是2,2′亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
16、权利要求9的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷酸酯化合物是2,2′-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)氟亚磷酸酯。
18、权利要求17的组合物,其中所述氟磷化合物是4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯)双(二氟亚磷酸酯)。
19、权利要求17的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷酸酯化合物是1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯的三(二氟亚磷酸酯)。
20、权利要求17的组合物,其中所述氟磷化合物是四(亚甲基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-烃基苯基)丙酸酯)甲烷的四(二氟亚磷酸酯)。
21、权利要求17的组合物,其中所述氟亚磷酸酯化合物是十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基羟基苯基)丙酸的二氟亚磷酸酯。
22、权利要求8的有机组合物,其进一步特征在于含有0.005~5%(重量)的酚抗氧化剂。
23、权利要求22的有机组合物,其中所述组合物是一聚烯烃组合物,所述酚抗氧化剂是1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯。
24、权利要求14的组合物,其中所述组合物是一种含有0.005~5%(重量)的1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯的聚烯烃组合物。
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- 1988-02-10 EP EP88101945A patent/EP0280938B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-10 DE DE3850143T patent/DE3850143T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-10 ES ES88101945T patent/ES2056841T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-26 KR KR1019880002003A patent/KR900009032B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-26 CN CN198888100675A patent/CN88100675A/zh active Pending
- 1988-02-26 JP JP63044087A patent/JPH072756B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112159702A (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-01 | 安徽中天石化股份有限公司 | 一种用于汽车烤漆房的传动链润滑油及其制备方法 |
CN112159702B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-10-14 | 安徽中天石化股份有限公司 | 一种用于汽车烤漆房的传动链润滑油及其制备方法 |
CN113444527A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏品和石油科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子隔膜成孔油用抗氧化安定剂生产制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2056841T3 (es) | 1994-10-16 |
KR900009032B1 (ko) | 1990-12-17 |
JPH072756B2 (ja) | 1995-01-18 |
JPH07188262A (ja) | 1995-07-25 |
JPS63227594A (ja) | 1988-09-21 |
KR880009976A (ko) | 1988-10-06 |
US4912155A (en) | 1990-03-27 |
DE3850143T2 (de) | 1994-09-22 |
EP0280938A1 (en) | 1988-09-07 |
USRE36128E (en) | 1999-03-02 |
DE3850143D1 (de) | 1994-07-21 |
CA1303624C (en) | 1992-06-16 |
EP0280938B1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
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