CN86105416A - 低温流动性得到改善的中间馏分油组合物 - Google Patents
低温流动性得到改善的中间馏分油组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN86105416A CN86105416A CN86105416.4A CN86105416A CN86105416A CN 86105416 A CN86105416 A CN 86105416A CN 86105416 A CN86105416 A CN 86105416A CN 86105416 A CN86105416 A CN 86105416A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 maleic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
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- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)OC(C)=O HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ACOGMWBDRJJKNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;ethene Chemical group C=C.CC(O)=O ACOGMWBDRJJKNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- HLMAOUJZLUOWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl acetate 2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound C(=C)OC(C)=O.C(C(C)C)(=O)O HLMAOUJZLUOWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVDRFBGMOWJEOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O FVDRFBGMOWJEOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical class C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIGVVZUWCLSUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FIGVVZUWCLSUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000214 vapour pressure osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
通过添加一种聚合物或共聚物改善石油馏分燃料的低温流动性,该聚合物或共聚物至少含有一种25%(重量)的正烷基酯,其通式如下(式中R1和R2是氢或一个C1烷基,如甲基,R4是COOR3,氢或C1至C4烷基,以COOR3为好,R3平均具有12至20个碳原子,且在1位和/或2位含有一个甲基支链。):
Description
含有石蜡的矿物油具有随着油温的降低而流动性变差的特性。流动性的降低是由于蜡结而成片状晶体,而该晶体最后形成其中截留着油的海绵状块所致。
人们早已熟知,当各种添加剂与蜡状矿物油掺合时,添加剂起着蜡晶体改性剂的作用。这些组合物改变了蜡晶体的尺寸和形状,且降低晶体间的以及蜡和油之间的粘合力,采用这种方式使油在较低的温度下保持流动。
文献中已经介绍了各种倾点下降剂,其中有几种已成商品。例如,美国专利3,048,479指出,采用乙烯和C3-C5乙烯酯共聚物,例如乙酸乙烯酯作为燃料,尤其是加热的油,柴油和喷气式发动机燃料的倾点下降剂。以乙烯和高级α-烯烃,例如丙烯为基础的烃类聚合物倾点下降剂已为大家熟知。美国专利3,961,916指出,采用共聚体的混合物,其中之一是蜡晶体核剂,而另一种是生长调节剂,控制蜡晶体的体积。英国专利1263152提出,蜡晶体的体积可通过使用具有侧链支化度较低的共聚体来加以控制。
例如,英国专利1469016还推荐,以前曾用作润滑油倾点下降剂的富马酸二正烷基酯与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物可以用作助添加剂,与乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物一起用来处理高终沸点的馏分燃料,以改善它们的低温流动性。按照英国专利1469016,这些聚合体可以是不饱和的C4-C8二羧酸的C6-C18烷基酯,特别是富马酸月桂酯和富马酸月桂-十六烷基酯。所用的典型物质是具有平均约12个碳原子的酯(聚合物A)值得注意的是,添加剂对于“常规的”低终沸点燃料(燃料Ⅲ和Ⅳ)是无效的。
随着馏分燃料的差异性增加,已有一些燃料类型不能用现有的添加剂进行处理,或需用成本高的添加剂才能使其倾点实现必要的降低,并且控制蜡晶体的体积,使其具有允许用于商业目的的低温过滤性。存在这种问题的一类特殊燃料是那些具有较窄的,和/或低沸程的燃料。难以处理的另一类燃料是那些具有高终沸点的燃料,还有一类是远东已发现的典型高蜡含量的燃料。
燃料,经常用它们的初沸点、终沸点和中间温度来表征,在中间温度时,起始燃料的某一体积百分率已经馏出。有20%-90%馏出点的燃料其馏程相差70-100℃,和/或有90%沸点温度的燃料其终沸点范围为10-25℃,和/或终沸点在340-370℃的燃料通常认为是窄沸程燃料,特别难以处理,有时,添加剂实际上是无效的,或者,换句话说,需要非常高级的添加剂。终沸点大于370℃的燃料,有时被称作高终沸点燃料,它们也难以处理。这里所涉及的全部蒸馏试验均按美国材料试验标准(ASTMD86)进行。
随着原油成本的增加,对于炼油工作者日渐重要的是增加馏分燃料的产率,和采用所谓精馏(Sharp fract ionation)使其操作最佳化,再次得到用常规添加剂处理难以得到的馏分燃料,或者需要采用一种从经济观点上难以采纳的、高水平的处理。典型的精馏燃料也有90%其终沸点范围为10-25℃,通常有20-90%的馏程小于100℃,一般为50-100℃。窄沸程及高终沸点二种类型的燃料,其终沸点均在340℃以上,一般说终沸点范围为340-370℃,尤其是340-365℃。
此处,往往需要降低馏分燃料的所谓浊点。浊点是当燃料冷却时,蜡从燃料中开始结晶析出的温度。这种要求既适用于上述难处理的燃料,也适用于沸程为120℃-500℃典型的全馏程馏分燃料。
已广泛用于改进以前可普通得到的馏分燃料流动性的乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯共聚体,在处理上述窄沸程和/或精馏燃料时,未发现是有效的。而且,采用英国专利1469016所介绍的混合物,也未发现是有效的。
在我们的欧洲专利申请书85301047.8,85301048.7,85301675.6和85301676.4中,我们提出的权利要求是,采用含有非常特定的烷基的共聚体,诸如特定的富马酸正烷基酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚体,既对降低上述难处理燃料的倾点是有效的,又对控制蜡晶体的体积,使其具有过滤性也是有效的,又对控制蜡晶体的体积使其具有过滤性也是有效的,它包括使用英国专利1469016提出的添加剂对其是无效的低终沸点燃料。在这些专利申请书中,我们提出的权利要求是,在全部馏程馏分燃料范围内,这些共聚体在降低很多燃料的浊点时是有效的。
我们现在发现,尽管人们使用支化度相当高的富马酸酯,但它们不是有效的添加剂,在烷基1位或2位的烷基链上的甲基支链并不损伤它们作为添加剂的性能,并且是经济的和性能好的。
因此,本发明提供用于改善沸程120℃-500℃的石油馏分燃料油流动性的添加剂,它由一种聚合物或共聚物组成,该共聚物至少含有25%(重量)用下列通式表示的烷基酯:
式中R1和R2是氢或C1烷基,例如甲基;R4是COOR3,氢或C1-C4烷基,最好是COOR3;R3的平均碳原子数为12-20并在1位和/或2位上含有一个甲基支链,并且酯聚合物或共聚物含有不大于10%(重量)酯单体(含有一个大于20个碳原子的烷基),并且最好不大于20%(重量)的酯单体(其中烷基的碳原子少于12)。
组分R3在聚合物结构中可以变化,一些R3基团可以是正烷基但比1位和/2位上的甲基基团有更多分支的部分不应大于10%。添加剂用量最好是0.0001-0.5%(重量)(按馏出的石油燃料油计),并且本发明还包括这种处理过的馏分燃料。
共聚物可以是二羧酸的二正烷基酯,并且也可含有25-70%(重量)的乙烯酯,丙烯酸烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸酯或α-烯烃。
本发明所用的聚合物最好有数均分子量1000-100,000,最好是1,000-30,000,例如用蒸汽压渗透法测量。用于制备共聚物的酯,可以通过特殊的一元或二元羧酸与适当的醇的混合物酯化反应来制备。其它不饱和酯的实例是丙烯酸烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
二羧酸的单酯和二酯单体可以与不同量例如5-70%(摩尔)的其它不饱和酯或烯烃共聚,这类其它的酯包括具有下式的短链烷基酯:
式中R′是氢或C1-C4烷基;R″是-COOR″″或-OOCR″″,其中R″是C1-C5烷基(有或无支链),并且R″′1可为R″或氢。这些短链酯的实例是甲基丙烯酸酯,丙烯酸酯,富马酸酯和马来酸酯,乙烯酯诸如乙酸乙烯酯,最好是丙酸乙烯酯。更特殊的例子包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯,乙酸异丙烯酯,丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸丁酯。
我们提出的共聚物含有40-60%(摩尔)的富马酸二烷基酯和60-40%(摩尔)的乙酸乙烯酯。
所提出的聚酯通常是由酯单体在烃溶剂的溶液中聚合来制备的,诸如以庚烷,苯,环己烷或白油作溶剂,温度一般在20-150℃范围内,用过氧化物或偶氮型催化剂,诸如用过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈来加速反应,并在惰性气体,例如氮或二氧化碳保护下(目的是脱氧)进行反应。
本发明的添加剂,当与其它已知添加剂组合使用时,一般说对改善馏分燃料低温流动性特别有效,虽然它们本身可对燃料低温流动性起着协同改良作用。
本发明的添加剂,当与聚氧亚烷基酯,醚,酯/醚及其混合物共同使用时特别有效,尤其是至少含1个,最好至少含2个C10-C30线型饱和烷基和分子量100-5000,最好是200-5000的聚氧亚烷基二元醇基团的那些化合物,上述聚氧亚烷基二元醇中的烷基含1-4个碳原子。这些物质构成欧洲专利出版物0061895 A2的主题。
本发明提出的酯类,醚或酯/醚类可用下列化学式从结构上加以描述;
R-O-(A)-O-R1
式中R和R1可以相同或不同,最好是:
(ⅰ)正烷基
烷基是线型的、饱和的并含有10-30个碳原子,而A代表二元醇的聚氧亚烷基链段,其中亚烷基具有1-4个碳原子,例如聚氧亚甲基,聚氧亚乙基或聚氧三亚甲基部分,它基本上是线型的。可以允许带有低级烷基侧链的某种程度的支化(例如在聚氧丙二醇中),最好二元醇基本上是线型的。
适宜的二元醇一般基本上是线型的聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚丙二醇,其分子量约100-5,000,最好是约200-2,000。优先选择的酯类,含有10-30个碳原子的脂肪酸对于与二元醇反应生成的酯添加剂是有用的,并且最好使用C18-C24脂肪酸,尤其是二十二碳酸,上述酯类也可通过聚乙氧基化的脂肪酸类或聚乙氧基化的醇类的酯化反应来制备。
聚氧亚烷基二酯,二醚,醚/酯及其混合物是适宜的添加剂,而二酯最好用于窄沸点馏分,且少量单醚和单酯也可以存在,它往往在制备过程中生成,大量二烷基化合物的存在对于添加剂的性能是重要的。特别是,最好采用聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇混合物的硬脂酸或二十二碳酸二酯。
本发明的添加剂也可与乙烯不饱和酯共聚物流动性改性剂一起使用。能与乙烯共聚的不饱和单体包括下列通式的不饱和单酯和二酯:
式中R6是氢或甲基;R5是-OOCR8基团,其中R8是氢或C1-C28,最常用的是C1-C17,且最好是C1-C8直链或支链烷基;或者,R5是-COOOR基团,其中R8同上所述但不是氢;R7是氢或-COOR8,含义同上。当R5和R7是氢,且R5是-OOCR8时,上述单体包括C1-C29单羧酸的乙烯醇酯,最常用C1-C18单羧酸的乙烯醇酯。可与乙烯共聚的乙烯酯类的实例包括乙酸乙烯酯,丙酸乙烯酯,丁酸乙烯酯,丁酸乙烯酯和异丁酸乙烯酯,而以乙酸乙烯酯为佳。我们提出,共聚物含有20-40%(重量)的乙烯酯,最好含25-35%(重量)乙烯酯。它们也可以是两种共聚物(例如英国专利3961916介绍的)混合物。
最好是,这些共聚物具有数均分子量1000-6000,尤以1000-3000为佳,用气相渗透法测量。
本发明的添加剂在馏分燃料中可与极性化合物(离子的或非离子的)一起使用,它们在燃料中具有蜡晶体生长抑制剂的效能。已经发现含氮的极性化合物,当它与二元醇酯,醚或酯/醚类一起使用时特别有效,该三组分的混合物属本发明的范围之内。这些极性化合物以至少1摩尔的烃取代胺与一摩尔至少具有1~4个羧基的烃基酸或其酐反应形成胺盐和/或酰胺为最好;也可使用酯/酰胺,通常它们含有碳原子总数为30至300个,以50至150个碳原子为好。这些氮化合物公布于美国专利4,211,534。适用的胺类通常是C12至C40长链的伯、仲、叔或季铵类或其混合物,但也可使用较短链的胺类,以提供生成一种油溶性的氮化合物,因此常含有30至300个碳原子。以含有至少一个C8至C40直链烷基链段,尤以C14至C24直链烷基链段为佳。
适用的胺或铵类包括伯、仲、叔胺或季铵,但以仲胺为好。叔胺和季铵只能形成胺盐。胺类的例子包括四癸基铵,椰子胺,氢化油脂胺和类似物。仲胺的例子包括二(十八烷基)胺,甲基-二十二碳烷基胺和类似物。胺混合物也可使用,许多由天然材料衍生的胺类多是混合物。较好的胺是一种化学式为HNR1R2的氢化油脂仲胺,其中R1和R2是从约4%的C14,31%的C16,59%的C18构成的氢化油脂脂肪衍生的烷基。
适用于制备这些氮类化合物的羧酸(和其酐类的实例)包括环己基二羧酸,环己烯二羧酸,环戊烷基二羧酸,二α-萘乙酸,萘二羧酸和类似物。通常这些酸类在其环的部分应有约5~13个碳原子。用于本发明的酸类以苯二羧酸类为好,诸如间苯二甲酸,邻苯二甲酸,和对苯二甲酸。尤以邻苯二甲酸或其酐为佳。特别适宜的胺类化合物是由1摩尔的邻苯二甲酸酐与2摩尔的二氢化油脂胺反应形成的酰胺-胺盐另一种较好的化合物是由使该酰胺-胺盐脱氢形成的二酰胺。
用于该混合物的添加剂的相对比例是0.5至20重量份的本发明的含有12至18个碳原子的正烷基的聚合物比1重量份的一种或多种其它添加剂,1.5至9重量份的本发明的聚合物更好。
本发明的添加剂体系可用于沸程为120℃至500℃的任何类型的石油馏分。较好的R3基团中的平均碳原子数目应取决于所要处理的燃料的类型。例如,我们发现R3主链直链(即直线型链段)含有12至14个碳原子(即R3本身含有13至15个碳原子的聚合物和共聚物在所谓窄沸程馏分中特别有效,而且R3链平均含有13至16个碳原子(即R3本身含有14至17个碳原子)的那些聚合物和共聚物在处理高终沸点燃料中更为有效。R的最佳值也可取决于该聚合物是作为单一的添加剂使用还是与其它添加剂一起使用。我们还发现虽然对馏分燃料而言R3应在12至18个碳原子的范围内,总之,我们希望选择用来处理特定燃料的化合物含有高比例的带一定平均数目碳原子的烷基。例如,在要使用带C12至C14的支链的聚合物时,我们希望聚合物所含带14个以上碳原子的R3支链的部分不超过其单体重量的10%。同样,当要使用其中的R3带C14至C16的支链的聚合物时,我们希望含有带14个以下碳原子的R3基团的部分不超过酯类单体重量的10%。
本发明的添加剂体系可作为浓缩物很方便地加入到馏分燃料本体中去。这些浓缩物也可含有其它所需的添加剂。这些浓缩物以含有3%至75%(重量)的添加剂为好,3%至60%(重量)较好,10%至50%(重量)最好,该浓缩物最好为油溶液,其浓度也在本发明的范围之内。
本发明由下列实施例予以说明,其中本发明的添加剂用作为可过滤性改性剂的有效性是按《石油学院学报》1966年6月510号第52卷第173-185页(“Journal of the Institute of Petroleum”,Volume 52,Number 510,)详细叙述的方法进行添加剂低温过滤堵塞点试验(CFPP)来与其它对油有效的类似添加剂进行比较的。该试验在设计上考虑到与汽车柴油机中所用的中间馏分油的低温流动性有关。
简单地说,所要试验的40毫升样品油是在保持在约-34℃的浴温中以约1℃/分钟的非线性冷却方式进行冷却的。使用玻璃吸管试验装置,其下端接着一个倒置于所要测试的油的液面以下的漏斗,周期测试(从浊点以上至少2℃开始以每摄氏温度降温)冷却油在规定期间流过一个细筛网的能力。一张350目的筛子,直径规定为12毫米,横铺在漏斗的管口处。通过对吸管上端抽真空,以此使油抽到筛子上部进入吸管达到指示为20毫升油的刻度处,由此开始上述周期试验。在每次顺利通过之后,油应能迅速返回CFPP管。随着每一级下降的温度,重复该试验,直到油在60秒内不能充满吸管为止。该温度记作为CFPP温度。未加添加剂的燃料和加有添加剂的燃料的CFPP值之差就记作为添加剂的CFPP降低值。更有效的流动改性剂在保持与添加剂相同浓度下可使CFPP降低值更大。
用于这些实例的燃料是:
按美国材料试验标准(ASTM-D-86)蒸馏,℃
浊点 蜡析出点 初沸点 20% 50% 90% 终沸点
+3 +1 184 226 272 368 398
使用的添加剂如下:
添加剂1:一种由2-十六烷醇与富马酸反应生成的富马酸双十六碳烷基酯和醋酸乙烯在80℃下在环己烷中用偶氮二异丁腈作为催化剂,以1比1摩尔比混合进行溶液共聚合反应制备的共聚物。
添加剂2:一种由从市场买到的含有正十四碳和十五碳的伯醇、但带有少量2-甲基类似醇的Dobanol 45醇与用于比较的由C14醇,正C14及正C16醇的混合物以及正C16醇得到的富马酸烷基酯制成的类似共聚物。
上述添加剂以4∶1的比例与添加剂n一起在混合物中进行测试,添加剂n是一种含有63%(重量)的一组聚合的油溶液,这组聚合物由3重量份的数均分子量为2500的乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物(含36%重量百分比的醋酸乙烯)和1重量份的数均分子量为3500的乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物(约含17%重量百分比的醋酸乙烯)构成。
所得结果如下:
在富马酸酯/. CFPP温度降低(℃)
醋酸乙烯共聚物中所用的醇 添加剂处理速率
175磅/分 300磅/分
正十四碳醇 17 21
Dobanol 45 19 21
1-甲基十五碳醇 16 20
混合的正十四碳/十六碳醇 17 19
正十六碳醇 12 13
当使用上述乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物的混合物时,下降的CFPP温度是:
175磅/分处理速率 300磅/分处理速率
5 10
为了进一步举例说明本发明,而制备不同富马酸异癸酯/醋酸乙烯共聚物和富马酸正十四碳酯/醋酸乙烯共聚物的掺合物,并用下列结论评价以前用于CFPP试验的燃料中的这些掺合物。
掺合组分 CFPP(℃)
异癸酯的百分比 正十四碳酯 单独 与EVAⅢ混合
的百分比 300磅 (4∶1重量比)
/分 500磅 300磅 500磅
/分 /分 /分
100 0 0 0 4 6
50 50 0 0 5 6
30 70 0 0 5 6
10 90 0 0 13 16
5 95 0 0 15 17
4 96 0 0 15 17
0 100 4 8 17 18
5 95 0 0 15 16
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8521392 | 1985-08-28 | ||
GB858521392A GB8521392D0 (en) | 1985-08-28 | 1985-08-28 | Middle distillate composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN86105416A true CN86105416A (zh) | 1987-03-18 |
CN1020467C CN1020467C (zh) | 1993-05-05 |
Family
ID=10584374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN86105416A Expired - Fee Related CN1020467C (zh) | 1985-08-28 | 1986-08-28 | 低温流动性得到改善的中间馏分油组合物 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0213879B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2606829B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1020467C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE50282T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1280598C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3668906D1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB8521392D0 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8820295D0 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1988-09-28 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Chemical compositions & use as fuel additives |
GB9725581D0 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1998-02-04 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and oil compositions |
GB9725579D0 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1998-02-04 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and oil compositions |
KR101237628B1 (ko) | 2004-09-17 | 2013-02-27 | 인피늄 인터내셔날 리미티드 | 연료유의 개선법 |
EP1640438B1 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2017-08-30 | Infineum International Limited | Improvements in Fuel Oils |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3729296A (en) * | 1966-10-14 | 1973-04-24 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Polymeric wax crystal modifiers for high wax content petroleum oils |
CA1021158A (en) * | 1973-10-31 | 1977-11-22 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Low pour point gas fuel from waxy crudes polymers to improve cold flow properties |
US3961915A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-06-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synergistic additive in petroleum middle distillate fuel |
-
1985
- 1985-08-28 GB GB858521392A patent/GB8521392D0/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-08-19 AT AT86306426T patent/ATE50282T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-08-19 EP EP86306426A patent/EP0213879B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-19 DE DE8686306426T patent/DE3668906D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-20 CA CA000516423A patent/CA1280598C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-28 JP JP61202625A patent/JP2606829B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-28 CN CN86105416A patent/CN1020467C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2606829B2 (ja) | 1997-05-07 |
EP0213879A1 (en) | 1987-03-11 |
JPS6284185A (ja) | 1987-04-17 |
DE3668906D1 (de) | 1990-03-15 |
ATE50282T1 (de) | 1990-02-15 |
CN1020467C (zh) | 1993-05-05 |
CA1280598C (en) | 1991-02-26 |
EP0213879B1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
GB8521392D0 (en) | 1985-10-02 |
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