CN86105376A - 高速电动-发电机 - Google Patents

高速电动-发电机 Download PDF

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CN86105376A
CN86105376A CN86105376.1A CN86105376A CN86105376A CN 86105376 A CN86105376 A CN 86105376A CN 86105376 A CN86105376 A CN 86105376A CN 86105376 A CN86105376 A CN 86105376A
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rotor
generator
high speed
turbine
frequency
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CN1013537B (zh
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河村英男
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005—Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2726—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
    • H02K1/2733—Annular magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

由涡轮机驱动的高速电动-发电机，由于来自设置于涡轮机的轴上的转子磁铁的磁通变化成为高频率，在对向的定子上使用高频特性好的铁氧体磁心以减少高频损失。同时，为了通过使用铁氧体磁心以改善由于硅素钢板而引起的磁通的劣化及导磁率，把转子的磁铁多极化，使磁通变化频率增加以增加电动势。

Description

本发明是关于由涡轮机驱动的高速电动-发电机，更详细地说是关于在由地内机的排气能量所驱动的涡轮机的轴上所配置的高速电动-发电机。
利用内燃机的排气所具有的能量以驱动涡轮机，以与这个涡轮机连动的压缩机将空气供给到汽缸内，以提高燃料的燃烧效率的涡轮增压器已被应用于内燃机中。于是，在一个涡轮增压器的回转轴上连接上交流机，在发动机的转矩增加时，及高转矩运转时，将上述的交流机作为电动机运转，在发动机的转矩减少时及低转矩运转时，则将交流机作为发电机运转，以控制电流的频率的内燃机排气涡轮增压装置，在日本实用新型注册申请公开公布，实开昭58-6925号而被提出。可是，一般地使用中的高速旋转发动机的转数的限度是数万转/秒，例如，作为2极的旋转电机，当每秒3万转时，这个旋转电机的铁心的交变磁场是500Hz，作为铁心的材料，即使使用硅素钢板，铁心的损坏发生也很少，没有什么问题。
但是，像排气涡轮机那样转数为10万至20万RPM时，直接连接于该涡机的旋转电机的交变磁场，其频率在1，000Hz以上，在使用硅素钢板的铁心之中，铁的损毁急剧地增加，产生热损耗，使回转电机的效率急速地下降。
本发明的目的是在于改善上述的问题点，提供即使在与排气涡轮机直接连接的超高速旋转的状态下，也能高速旋转，高效率发电，并有效地回收排气能量的超高速电动-发电机。
本发明是由涡轮机所驱动的高速电动-发电机，是具有设置在上述涡轮机的轴上的三对以上的对磁极的永久磁铁而构成的转子，由设置于该转子的外周的铁氧体磁心而构成的定子铁心，及缠绕在该定子铁心上的定子绕组的高速电动-发电机。
根据本发明的高速电动-发电机，由于是将从配置于涡轮机轴上的高速旋转转子的永久磁铁来的高频交变磁场，通过以铁氧体铁心的定子缠组变换为电力，所以即使在交变磁场的高频时，也能够实现损耗少的交流旋转电机。
还有，根据本发明的高速电动-发电机，为了弥补由于铁氧体磁心所具有的本质的磁通密度所造成的缺点，将转子的永久磁铁多极化以增加交变磁场的频率，所以，能够增加电动势，从而获得高效率的交流旋转电机。
图1是表示根据本发明的高速电动-发电机的一实施例的纵截面图，图2是其转子的横截面图。
以下参照附图对根据本发明的高速电动-发电机的实施例加以详细说明。图1是表示根据本发明的高速电动-发电机的一实施例的纵截面图，图2是其转子的横截面图。
图中，1是涡轮增压器，具有压缩器外壳2、涡轮外壳3及中央外壳4。该中央外壳4在其两端部支承著轴承5，同时具有向该轴承输送机油的润滑油路7。
6是贯通上述中心外壳4而被设置的，支承在上述轴承5上而可以自由转动的支承轴。在其两端装有压缩器叶轮8及涡轮机叶轮9。该涡轮机叶轮9被收纳在上述涡轮外壳3中，接受了由在涡轮外壳3中所形成的涡形管10所送气（未有图示）的内燃机排气的能量而旋转，通过轴6，使上述的压缩器叶轮8旋转。该压缩器叶轮8被收纳于上述的压缩器外壳2之内，通过旋转，从吸气管11导入空气，以喷雾器12将这空气进行压力变换，然后压送进内燃机的汽缸。
13是设置在上述压缩机叶轮8与涡轮机叶轮9之间的轴6上的环状转子，由含有稀土类元素的永久磁铁构成，具有图2所示的径向方向的3对N-S磁极，在该转子13的外周部，保持有磁场使强力磁力线的方向成为放射状。再者，图2中虽然表示出3对的磁极构造，但是，也可以造成3对以上的磁极。
强力的永久磁铁的转子13在其外周部将钛合金，或部分安定化的锆、或不锈钢等的高抗张力薄板制成的增强管14压入镶合，以增强其强度，永久磁铁即使受到由于超高速旋转而产生的离心力和振动，也具有充份的作为坚固的永久磁铁转子的耐久力。
15是沿上述转子13的外周而设置，作为高频用磁心是具有优良磁特性的氧铁体磁心的定子铁心，定子铁心15受到由于转子13的永久磁铁的旋转而产生的磁通变化，被缠绕于该定子铁心15上的定子绕组16，就产生感应电动势。定子绕组16将定子铁心15作为磁心，进行三相交流绕组，在发电机作动的时候，将电动势向外部取出。
发电机的电动势E，如果磁通为φ，频率为f，则可用下式表示。
电动势 E= 2 π f φ
在这式中，π是作为圆周率的常数，铁氧体磁心由于其磁通密度比起硅素钢板的磁特性为劣，所以，将这个磁通密度的劣比率的倒数乘以频率f增加交变磁通的频率，上式的电动势E就不变。因此，例如果铁氧体磁心的磁通密度是硅素钢板的1/3，只需将交变磁场的频率增加到使用硅素钢板时的3倍，就可以得到同等的电动势，所以能实现可以应付高速旋转的发电机。
在这样构成的本实施例中，接受了由涡形管10所送气的排气能量，涡轮机叶轮9就进行高速旋转，使轴6旋转，通过该轴6，使转子13及压缩器叶轮8旋转。于是，压缩器叶轮8将由吸气管11所导入的空气以喷雾器12以进行压力变换，然后压送到内燃机的汽缸（未有图示），以增加发动机的输出。
另一方面，设置在轴6上的转子13被高速旋转时，使它具有3对以上的N-S磁极的永久磁铁也旋转，通过这个旋转，使轴6的放射方向的强力多极磁力线的旋转，成为高频交变磁场，在对向的定子15上设置的定子绕组16中，产生了交变电动势。这时，由于定子15的磁心是以功能特性良好的铁氧体磁心所构成，所以由于高频交变磁场而造成的损失就少，便能够高效率地把交变磁场变换为电力。
再者，镶入转子13的外周的以钛合金，部分安定化的锆或不锈钢等的高抗张力薄板造成的增强管14，对永久磁铁发出的磁力线完全没有影响，所以不会减少电动势。
如上所述，说明了本实施例的作为发电机作动，但通过对定子绕组16供给所定频率的电力，使轴6作为高效率的电动机高速旋转，例如在发动机转矩减少时使压缩机叶轮8高速旋转，将增压气体送入发动机以增大发动机转矩，这也是可能的。
如上所述，根据本发明的高速电动-发动机，将来自设置在排气涡轮机的轴上的超高速旋转的转子永久磁铁的高频交变磁场，通过以铁氧体磁心为磁心的定子绕组而变换为电力，所以，即使在交变磁场的高频率中也能够实现损耗少的交流旋转电机。
还有，为了弥补铁氧体磁心所具有的本质上的磁通密度所造成的缺点，将转子的永久磁铁多极化以增加交变磁场的频率，所以能够使电动势增加，获得效率好的交流旋转电机。在本发明中，由于在转子的外周，压入了钛合金或部分安定化的锆等的高抗张力薄材料造成的增强管，使转子强化，所以，即使在超高速旋转时，也能够获得高效率，具有耐久力的超高速旋转-电动发电机。
以上只是根据一实施例，对本发明加以说明，但是本发明并不限于实施例所说明的，在本发明的精神的范围内可以作出种种的变形，这些都不可能从本发明的范围中出被排除出去。

Claims (2)

1、一种由涡轮机所驱动的高速电动-发电机，其特征在于包括：设置在上述涡轮机的轴上的具有三对以上的对磁极的永久磁铁所构成的转子，沿该转子的外周设置了由纯铁氧体磁心构成的定子铁心，以及在该定子铁心上被缠绕的定子绕组。
2、权利要求1所述的高速电动-发电机，其特征是，上述由永久磁铁构成的转子，在永久磁铁的外周嵌有由薄材料构成的增强管。
CN86105376A 1985-08-29 1986-08-29 高速电动-发电机 Expired CN1013537B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP190095/1985 1985-08-29
JP190095/85 1985-08-29
JP60190095A JPS6251723A (ja) 1985-08-29 1985-08-29 超高速電動−発電機

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CN86105376A true CN86105376A (zh) 1987-02-25
CN1013537B CN1013537B (zh) 1991-08-14

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US (1) US4935656A (zh)
EP (1) EP0215589B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS6251723A (zh)
KR (1) KR870002681A (zh)
CN (1) CN1013537B (zh)
DE (1) DE3662429D1 (zh)

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US4935656A (en) 1990-06-19
CN1013537B (zh) 1991-08-14
KR870002681A (ko) 1987-04-06
JPS6251723A (ja) 1987-03-06
EP0215589B1 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0215589A1 (en) 1987-03-25

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