CN86104876A - 饲料块 - Google Patents
饲料块 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN86104876A CN86104876A CN86104876.8A CN86104876A CN86104876A CN 86104876 A CN86104876 A CN 86104876A CN 86104876 A CN86104876 A CN 86104876A CN 86104876 A CN86104876 A CN 86104876A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- feed block
- feed
- block
- centre bore
- animal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
- A01K5/015—Licking-stone holders ; Other dispensers for minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
饲料块有一中心孔,其吊在其上有悬吊装置的线上,一挡块吊在饲料块下侧的线上,其形状恰好能穿过该饲料块的孔。在最下端还有一防止挡块离开杆的元件。这样,当饲料块吊在圈栏中动物的嘴的高度处时,它处于水平状态,易于舐食。
Description
本发明涉及一种有一个选定形状中心孔的饲料块,它具有一个支承装置,当利用悬吊装置通过所述的中心孔悬吊饲料块时,该支承装置使所述的饲料块处于水平状态。更准确地说,本发明涉及一种通过悬吊使其保持水平状态的饲养家畜用饲料块和采用该饲料块的饲养方法。
喂掺有维生素、矿物质、油脂和废糖类的粉状或粒状饲料来促使动物生长是众所周知的(日本公开特许公报No.56-144059和No.58-47442)。此外,为了使吃高钾含量草的动物体内的钠得到平衡,可以让它们舐食高度压缩的食盐块(日本公开特许公报No.55-26814,法国专利No.7613449和英国专利No.1012550)。这些已公知的饲养方法都不能减轻动物的紧张,也不能促使家畜肥壮。
动物的紧张综合症是由三方面主要因素引起的,即饲料、环境和精神因素,如缺少足够的喂食器,提供的饮水不足,噪音,突然更换喂食器,厩内温度突然变化,通风量不足,厩垫底太湿,喂食过于拥挤,缺少运动等。比如,猪喂食过于拥挤,后面来的挤前面的,以及前面的彼此干扰的不良情况常有发生(猪的疾病:Kindai出版公司,P745,1983)。为了防止这些情况发生和避免猪的呆滞,用铁链和有效的系绳将猪拴住,并在猪圈内放些禾杆垫草让猪去咬。猪的紧张综合症发病率的增加与一个时期采用新的饲养管理系统和现代化饲养方法同时发生。例如,扩大饲养规模,猪圈的自动化集中管理和饲养系统,都被认为影响猪的情绪和性情,并可能产生不希望的后果。
因此,为了解决上述问题,产生了本发明。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有一个中心孔的饲料块,该中心孔稳定地支承水平状态的饲料块,这样动物易于舐食並将饲料块完全吃掉,从而提高喂食速率。
本发明的另一个目的不是提供一种象避免动物呆滞那样的消极方法,而是提供一种甜饲料块如葡萄糖饲料块来饲养动物的方法,甜饲料块被动物咬食和舐食,其大小和硬度适合动物的口味,不易被吞咽,并可刺激动物的唾液分泌和摄取神经中枢。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供一种饲料块,它上面有一个选定形状的中心孔,该孔与饲料块是一个整体,当饲料块与悬吊装置连接时,该中心孔支承饲料块处于水平状态。进而本发明提供一种用饲料块喂饲动物以增进动物肥壮的饲养方法,该方法是用所述的具有中心孔的饲料块来喂饲动物,借助于悬吊装置的悬吊,该中心孔支承饲料块处于水平状态。
附图说明:
图1是饲料块的透视图,
图2是饲料块的纵剖面图,
图3是饲料块另一个实施例的纵剖面图,
图4是被使用的饲料块的部件分解图,
图5是组装后的饲料块的纵剖面图。
本发明的饲料块以甜饲料块为佳。甜饲料块是加有天然或人造甜化剂的饲料块。例如,天然甜化剂如葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、糖浆、低聚果糖、斯替维和甘草;人造甜化剂如阿斯巴特和小苏打糖精。这些甜化剂可单独或混在一起使用。依照本发明将一种或多种所说的甜化剂作为主要成分进行模制,使其具有一定的形状和硬度,便可制成不易被动物吞咽和不易破碎的饲料块。
模制饲料块可采用下面三种方法,即:
1.将含有选定的人造甜化剂的糖粉模压成型,最好加入硬脂酸或硬脂酸镁作润滑剂。
2.使高浓缩度的液态糖甜化剂在合适的容器中固化。
3.将予先模制好的固态糖块加工成合适的形状。
饲料块的大小、形状和硬度最好为:
(1)重量:50g以上,最好在500g以上,甚至超过25Kg,可随不同种类的动物选定。最好按动物的数量来确定饲料块的重量,例如,其重量足够十只左右的小猪吃一至三周。
(2)形状:长和宽1.5cm以上,可以是园球形、园柱形、方条形、截锥形。
对于上述形状的饲料块,中心孔开在其中心上。中心孔的纵断面轮廓可为三角形、梯形或园柱形。所说的中心孔作为支承部分,借助于悬吊装置,使饲料块处于水平状态。孔的尺寸必须是上面的比下面的小,数值不作具体规定。
(3)抗压强度:5Kg/cm2以上,最好为50~150Kg/cm2。
(4)含水量:0.1~20%,最好为0.2~15%,按重量计算。
(5)PH值:当饲料块被溶解成按重量计为5~10%的溶液时,其PH值为3~8。
(6)配料:糖如葡萄糖的含量按重量计在50%以上,最好在70%以上,可添加其它成分改善饲料块的味道和抗压强度。
除葡萄糖以外的糖,人造甜化剂,调味品,香料,酸化剂如柠檬酸,酒石酸,苹果酸或乳酸,抗生素如杆菌肽,青霉素,氨基糖,四环素,大环内酯,多糖,多肽或聚醚,合成抗生素如(醇)酚金鸡纳皮氧,长巴氧或氨基磺胺止血剂如凝血酸,活性菌(原核生物),酶,对裂素如乳糖,N-乙酰氨基乳糖,寡聚果糖,维生素类如维生素A,D2,D3,E,K1,K2,B1,B2,B6,B12,C,本多酸,叶酸,生物素,烟酸,胆硷和肌醇,氨基酸类如甘氨酸,蛋氨酸,色氨酸,赖氨酸,丙氨酸,异亮氨酸,苏氨酸,盐或电解质类如硫酸镁,碳酸钙,碳酸镁,碘化钾,磷酸钙,氯化钠,柠檬酸钠,氯化钾,碳酸锰,碳酸锌,硫酸铜,硫酸钴,磷酸二氢钠,磷酸钾,醋酸钠,醋酸钾、乳酸钙、醋酸镁,葡萄糖酸钙或延胡索酸亚铁,着色剂类,防腐剂类,抗氧剂类及胶凝剂类如糊精,涂胶,羧甲基纤维素纳和聚丙烯酸钠,以上所述物质都可按需要加入。
本发明的饲料块能按选定的形状来制造。
下面参照附图用实施例来说明本发明,但是发明的实质并不仅仅局限于这些附图和实施例。
如图1所示,饲料块1顶部朝上底部朝下地悬吊着。其顶部外径R2和底部外径R1之间的关系可以是R2=R1、R2>R1或R2<R1中的任意一个。图1所示的是R2>R1的情况。饲料块1的厚度h至少为1.5cm以上,不作限定。在饲料块1的中心开一个中心孔2,其下内径r1设计得大于上内径r2,这样中心孔2的纵断面就成为梯形,如图2所示。
在图1所示的本发明的一个实施例中,R114.5cm,R216cm,r14cm,r23.3cm,h3cm,总重700g。在该实施例中,最重要的是r1>r2,而其他值R1、R2和h则可根据设计需要任意选取。
图3所示的是另一个实施例的纵断面,饲料块10具有一个纵断面为三角形的中心孔20。在这些实施例中,中心孔的形状最好设计成纵断面为梯形的椭园锥形,或纵断面为三角形的锥形,然而也可以设计成多角棱锥形,如纵断面为三角形的三角棱锥形或纵断面为梯形的四角棱锥形。饲料块的中心孔的形状只要能支承所说的饲料块处于水平状态即可,因此还可将其设计成上下内径相同的园柱形。
图4所示的是一个支承饲料块的实施例,其中饲料块1被悬吊杆悬吊,即悬吊杆6穿过饲料块1的中心孔2。悬吊杆6可用钢丝、塑料或其它类似材料制造。挡块3和悬吊杆6连接在一起,可用橡胶、金属、塑料、硬纸或其他类似材料制造。挡块3的形状与孔2的形状一致,并且其底周边可任意作成筋边结构。挡块3支承在垫片形止动件4上,垫片型止动件4又由位于悬吊杆6的下部凸缘处的止动件5支承。为了通过悬吊杆6使饲料块1保持水平状态,悬吊杆6穿过饲料块1的中心孔2,与该孔形状一致的挡块3插入其中。此时,它们的锥形表面紧贴在一起,没有缝隙,从而使饲料块处于稳定的水平状态。挡块3由止动件4和位于悬吊杆6下部凸缘处的止动件5固定。饲料块1由位于悬吊杆6顶部的挂勾7悬吊在厩中。饲料块的悬吊高度和动物嘴的高度相同。动物可以是家畜如猪、家禽和牛。最好是处于催肥期和断奶期的动物。在上述实施例中,止动件4可以省略,而用一个较大尺寸的下部止动件5来支承饲料块1。
下面用实施例来说明本发明饲料块的配制,但发明的实质并不仅仅局限于这些实施例。
例1.饲料块的配制
将硬脂酸镁1%,按重量计,与纯葡萄糖粉混合,然后在液压装置中用1000Kg/cm2的压力压制,得到甜饲料块,重量为700g,顶部外径16cm,底部外径14.5cm,上内径3.3cm,下径4cm,宽3cm,具有一个中心孔。
含水量:9.2%,抗压强度:80Kg/cm2。
例2.饲料块的配制
将糊精5%,DL-色氨酸0.05%,干硫酸铜0.05%,延胡索酸亚铁0.3%和硬脂酸镁1.0%,均按重量计,与无水葡萄糖粉混合,然后在液压装置中用1000Kg/cm2的压力压制,得到和例1同样形状的甜饲料块,重量为700g。
含水量0.19%,抗压强度:70Kg/cm2。
例3.饲料块的配制
将氯化钠10%,延胡索酸亚铁0.2%,干硫酸铜0.04%,硫酸钴0.04%,碘酸钠0.01%,碳酸锰0.04%,碳酸锌0.02%,淀粉水解产物40%(其中含8%的葡萄糖)和硬脂酸镁1%,均按重量计,与纯葡萄糖混合,然后在液压装置中用1400Kg/cm2的压力压制,得到和例1同样形状的甜饲料块,重量为700g。
含水量:6.9%,抗压强度:130Kg/cm2,
例4.饲料块的配制
将淀粉水解葡萄糖溶液在真空中浓缩,制得白利糖度为85(20℃)的葡萄糖溶液。按照3%W/W的比例将纯葡萄糖粉加入该溶液中。然后将该混合物注入一个形状与例1使用的相同的模子中,在室温下放置一天一夜,使其变硬,将模子拿掉就得到甜饲料块,重量为700g。
含水量:10.5%,抗压强度90Kg/cm2。
例5 饲料块的配制
将淀粉水解葡萄糖溶液在真空中浓缩,制得白利糖度为85(20℃)的葡萄糖溶液。
将500,000μ/g的维生素A粉0.8g,维生素D3粉0.16g,50%的维生素E粉2g,含钙维生素C2.0g,50倍稀释的维生素B12粉0.05g,延胡索酸亚铁3.2g,干硫酸铜0.5g,碘酸钙0.1g,无水柠檬酸5g,氯化钠10g,丙酸钠1g,有效数量的牛奶香料和纯葡萄糖粉,在70~80℃的温度下与200g上述含55%低聚果糖的葡萄糖溶液混合,得到一个混合溶液。将700g上述混合液注入一个形状与例1使用的相同的模子中,在室温下放置一天一夜,使其变硬,将塑料模子拿掉就得到所需的甜饲料块。
含水量:11.0%,抗压强度:85Kg/cm2。
例6 饲料块的配制
用碎糖和润湿剂,10%的乙醇溶液,通过漂移层制粒方法,制造糖粒。将硬脂酸镁1%与糖粒混合,在液压装置中用1400Kg/cm2的压力压制,得到和例1同样形状的甜饲料块,重量为700g。
含水量:1.1%,抗压强度:110Kg/cm2。
例7.饲料块的配制
将经过150目的筛筛选过的乳糖50%,例6中制造的糖粒2.5%,雾化干燥的糊精24%,硬脂酸镁1%混合,均按重量计,然后在液压装置中用1000Kg/cm2的压力压制,得到和例1同样形状的甜饲料块,重量为700g。
含水量:6.2%,抗压强度:75Kg/cm2。
例8.饲料块的配制
将糖80%,糊精17.5%,乳糖发酵奶粉2.5%,和少量水的混合物在150-160℃的温度下加热,然后冷却到120℃。将酒石酸、维生素C和痕量(极少量)Youghult香料加入其中。将该混合物注入一个形状与例1中使用的相同的带冷却装置的不锈钢模子中,模子里事先薄薄地涂上一层植物油。在该混合物变硬后,将不锈钢模子拿掉,就得到柱形甜饲料块。
含水量:2.5%,抗压强度:200kg/cm2。
使用饲料块的现场试验:
说明体重增加量和食物有效转化率有提高的试验(1):
用例1配制的饲料块作为试验组,用环形饲料块作为对照组。
本发明 饲料块如图4所示那样水平悬吊在厩中。环形饲料块的配制如下:将硬脂酸镁1%,与纯葡萄糖粉混合,在液压装置中用1000kg/cm2的压力压制,得到环形饲料块,重量为700g,外径15.25cm,内径3.65cm,宽度3cm。用金属丝挂住环形饲料块内环的边缘,将其垂直地悬吊起来。
用重6.0kg在断奶期间的小猪做试验,饲养2周,观察其体重增加量和食物有效转化率。
试验和观察情况如表1所示。试验重复进行三次。在每次试验期间使用的都是批量供应的食物,並供给充足的水。其它条件依试验现场情况而定。试验结果如表2所示。比较三次重复试验,每次试验测量两次的试验结果,可看出在进行试验的第0~2周期间,试验组的体重增加量与对照组的明显不同,P<0.05。从表2还可看出食物有效转化率的提高。在对照组中饲料块破碎两次,而在试验组中饲料块没有发生破碎。在喂本发明的饲料块的组中,吃掉一块饲料需3-5天的时间,而在对照组中吃掉一块饲料则需5~10天时间。
由此可见与对照组相比,本实用新型的饲料块被吃掉得快一些。
使用饲料块的现场试验:
说明体重增加量和食物有效转化率有提高的试验(2):
使用例4配制的饲料块。
将平均体重5.9kg在断奶期间的小猪分成两组来饲养。第一组喂本发明的饲料块,该饲料块如图1所示那样水平悬吊在猪圈中。第2组喂同样的饲料块,但该饲料块被垂直悬吊。将这些小猪饲养两周,对体重增加量和食物有效转化率进行比较研究。试验组和观察项目与表1所示的相同。试验重复进行三次,每次试验期间使用的都是批量供应的饲料。並供给充足的水。其它条件依试验现场情况而定。
试验结果如表3所示,比较三次重复试验,每次试验测量两次的结果,可看出在进行试验的第0~2周期间,第一组的体重增加量明显地与第2组的不同,P<0.05。并且在第二组中,当饲料块被吃的时候,它从悬吊丝上掉了下来。而在第1组中却没有发现这样的现象。在第1组中,吃掉一块饲料需4~6天时间,而在第2组中吃掉一块饲料需7~10天时间。由此可见与对照组相比,本发明的饲料块被吃掉得快一些。
如上面所说的那样,本发明的饲料块具有使其保持水平状态的结构,並且容易被家畜舐食。该饲料块还能被动物完全吃掉,从而使动物体重显著增加並提高其食物有效转化率。再者,本发明的饲料块在被动物吃时不易破碎,並在短时间内被吃完。因此本发明特别有助于减少由于拥挤引起的动物之间的争咬,达到提高动物生命力的预期效果。以葡萄糖作为主要成分的甜饲料块的另一个优点是在用该饲料块喂养小猪时不会引起腹泻。
Claims (13)
1、一种有一个选定形状中心孔的饲料块,它有一个支承装置,通过与悬吊装置连接悬吊饲料块时,该支承装置使饲料块处于水平状态。
2、根据权利要求1所述的饲料块,其特征在于,中心孔的纵断面可以是三角形、梯形或园柱形。
3、根据权利要求1所述的饲料块,其特征在于,所说的饲料块具有不易被动物吞咽的形状和硬度,重量大于50g,至少有一个外形尺寸大于1.5cm,抗压强度大于5Kg/cm2。
4、根据权利要求1所述的饲料块,其特征在于,使饲料块处于水平状态的支承装置是一个装在悬吊装置上的挡块,它与饲料块中心孔相配接。
5、根据权利要求4所述的饲料块,其特征在于,所说的悬吊装置上的挡块具有和饲料块中心孔相同的轮廓。
6、根据权利要求1至5所述的饲料块,其特征在于,所说的悬吊装置由悬吊杆和挡块构成,悬吊杆用钢丝或类似材料制造,其顶部具有挂接结构,最下部的凸缘处有止动件,挡块从顶部到底部成截锥形,所说的悬吊杆从该挡块中穿过。
7、根据权利要求6所述的饲料块,其特征在于,悬吊装置的挡块可用金属、塑料、硬纸或类似的材料制造。
8、根据权利要求1所述的饲料块,其特征在于,所说的饲料块是甜饲料块。
9、根据权利要求8所述的饲料块,其特征在于,所说的甜饲料块含有葡萄糖、乳糖、糖、糊精和人造甜化添加物。
10、一种饲养动物的方法,该方法是把饲料块作为促长素供动物舐食,该饲料块具有一个与支承装置相配接的中心孔,通过与悬吊装置相连,该支承装置使饲料块保持水平状态。
11、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的饲料块其形状要求不易被动物吞咽,硬度要求不易破碎,重量大于50g,至少有一个外形尺寸大于1.5cm,抗压强度大于5Kg/cm2,含水量按重量计为0.1~20%。
12、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的饲料块为甜饲料块。
13、根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的甜饲料块含有葡萄糖、乳糖、糖、糊精和人造甜化添加物。
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JP60-143490 | 1985-06-28 | ||
JP60143490A JPH0695891B2 (ja) | 1985-06-28 | 1985-06-28 | ブロツク状飼料およびそれを用いる飼育法 |
JP143490/85 | 1985-06-28 |
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CN86104876A true CN86104876A (zh) | 1987-04-29 |
CN1012790B CN1012790B (zh) | 1991-06-12 |
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CN198686205573U Withdrawn CN86205573U (zh) | 1985-06-28 | 1986-06-28 | 饲料块 |
CN86104876A Expired CN1012790B (zh) | 1985-06-28 | 1986-06-28 | 饲料块及用其饲养动物的方法 |
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JP (1) | JPH0695891B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR890001498B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN86205573U (zh) |
CH (1) | CH677061A5 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK305486A (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2002096A6 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI862758A (zh) |
SE (1) | SE8602866L (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN106962613A (zh) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-21 | 成都合生元生物科技有限公司 | 一种寡聚糖组合物及其制备方法和饲料 |
CN108617873A (zh) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-09 | 习水德康农牧有限公司 | 幼猪用中草药饲料 |
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JPS627890U (zh) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-01-17 | ||
JP4714398B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2011-06-29 | 日本全薬工業株式会社 | 固形飼料及び牛の蹄病予防方法 |
US20120227669A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Harry Ray | Animal Feed Lick |
KR101403811B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-06-03 | 경남대학교 산학협력단 | 반추동물용 보조사료 조성물의 제조방법 |
ES2964814A1 (es) * | 2023-09-20 | 2024-04-09 | Porcsavi S L | Composición nutraceútica prevención y/o el tratamiento de la caudofagia en animales de granja |
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1985
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1986
- 1986-06-27 KR KR1019860005243A patent/KR890001498B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-27 DK DK305486A patent/DK305486A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-06-27 CH CH2604/86A patent/CH677061A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-27 FI FI862758A patent/FI862758A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-06-27 SE SE8602866A patent/SE8602866L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-06-28 CN CN198686205573U patent/CN86205573U/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-06-28 ES ES8600052A patent/ES2002096A6/es not_active Expired
- 1986-06-28 CN CN86104876A patent/CN1012790B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-10-28 ES ES19868600972U patent/ES1003241Y/es not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106962613A (zh) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-21 | 成都合生元生物科技有限公司 | 一种寡聚糖组合物及其制备方法和饲料 |
CN108617873A (zh) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-09 | 习水德康农牧有限公司 | 幼猪用中草药饲料 |
CN108617873B (zh) * | 2018-05-10 | 2021-06-15 | 习水德康农牧有限公司 | 幼猪用中草药饲料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1012790B (zh) | 1991-06-12 |
FI862758A (fi) | 1986-12-29 |
CN86205573U (zh) | 1987-11-07 |
DK305486A (da) | 1986-12-29 |
ES2002096A6 (es) | 1988-07-16 |
SE8602866L (sv) | 1986-12-29 |
KR870000020A (ko) | 1987-02-16 |
DK305486D0 (da) | 1986-06-27 |
SE8602866D0 (sv) | 1986-06-27 |
KR890001498B1 (ko) | 1989-05-06 |
FI862758A0 (fi) | 1986-06-27 |
CH677061A5 (en) | 1991-04-15 |
JPH0695891B2 (ja) | 1994-11-30 |
ES1003241U (es) | 1988-07-16 |
ES1003241Y (es) | 1989-02-16 |
JPS623745A (ja) | 1987-01-09 |
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