CN85108207A - 在防治鳞翅目虫害方面具有改进活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌制备方法及生成的新菌种 - Google Patents
在防治鳞翅目虫害方面具有改进活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌制备方法及生成的新菌种 Download PDFInfo
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- CN85108207A CN85108207A CN85108207.6A CN85108207A CN85108207A CN 85108207 A CN85108207 A CN 85108207A CN 85108207 A CN85108207 A CN 85108207A CN 85108207 A CN85108207 A CN 85108207A
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- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
- C07K14/325—Bacillus thuringiensis crystal peptides, i.e. delta-endotoxins
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91,(其样品已经寄存,寄存号为NCTC11821),或者是对鳞翅目害虫具有杀虫活性的该菌种衍生物或突变体。本发明还涉及一个通过质粒转移两种有关原始菌种的不同杀虫特性结合到单独一个菌株中,来生产具有改进杀虫特性的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种的方法。这样所产生的新菌种用于杀虫组合物。
Description
本发明是关于具有昆虫致死活性的产毒杆菌新菌种的制备方法及生成的新菌种和使用这种杆菌以防止植物受某些害虫的影响。
更确切地说,本发明是关于在防治鳞翅目虫害方面具有改进杀虫活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌的新菌种。
许多重要的本国的或/和商售的植物易受到鳞翅目虫的侵袭和损害,世界各地普遍地发现了这些虫害,当前,控制它们需要重复使用现有的昂贵杀虫剂。
许多农作物对大量的鳞翅目害虫敏感,其中,最值得注意的害虫为棉花叶虫(Spodoptera littoralis),棉蒴虫(Heliathis armigera),烟草芽虫(Uteliothis Uirescens),菜蛾属(Plutella Waculipem-is),甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra spp)和粉蝶属(Pieris brassicae)。
广谱杀虫剂是保护农作物有用和重要的工具,但是,广谱化学杀虫剂的乱用会破坏许多天然调节剂,因为大多数化学杀虫剂相对来说是无选择性的,从而破坏非目标生物体,包括有益的消灭虫害的其它动物和寄生物,同时也使某些昆虫出现对化学杀虫剂的耐受力,常常使次要的虫害变成主要的虫害。
采用有选择性的细菌杀虫剂,这种细菌杀虫是利用天然产生的细菌作为活性和宿主的特定组分,有助于克服许多这些问题。
细菌杀虫剂的一个例子是苏云金芽孢杆菌,其中,它的大量菌种是市场上可得到的,目前利用它的敏感幼虫,特别是鳞翅目族昆虫的幼虫吞食后所具有的特殊杀虫活性。
使用这些菌种益虫无副作用,苏云金芽孢杆菌恰好符合现行的农业理论,这种理论支持使用天然产生的生物体来抑制有害的昆虫。苏云金芽孢杆菌是一个广泛分布的杆状的,孢子形的,需氧的,革兰氏阳性微生物,其特征在于,在孢子形成周期中,产生一种或多种蛋白质多分孢子晶体,它对鳞翅目幼虫的致病性可以用柠檬酸作为它唯一的碳源;以及它的孢子具有特别高的磷酸含量。
苏云金芽孢杆菌是一个周围环境中的普通的栖居物,并且能够在一定类型的土壤中生长。目前,尚未了解苏云金芽孢杆菌对人,动物(pets)乌类、鱼类、蚯蚓、大多数益虫或植物这样一些生命形式的不利影响。它对敏感昆虫的致病性主要是由于多分孢子的晶体存在。在孢子形成时间内,这种多分孢子晶体占细胞干基重量的30-40%。
苏云金芽孢杆菌仅仅当被吞食时才具有活性,发现鳞翅目虫在吞食若干小时后停止进食,并停止了对植物的损害。由于这种晶体的毒素,大多数种类的害虫约24到72小时后死于毒血症,有时,还伴随有由于芽孢杆菌存在而带来的败血病。
因此,它的基本作用是由于只有在幼虫的肠中溶解后才起作用的晶体。
晶体的活性是由于碱性的pH值和肠内物中蛋白水解酶的组合产生的,反应取决于鳞翅目幼虫肠子的高pH值(pH>7),这种高pH值会使晶体的毒素组分释放出来,这些毒素使肠中壁发生故障,引起停止进食。
这样释放到腹腔的细菌的成长也造成了使部分昆虫死亡的败血病。
很清楚,使用苏云金芽孢杆菌作为杀虫剂,提供了有效的和环境上能许可的防治鳞翅目虫害的方法。
由于这一原因,当前正致力寻找具有改进杀虫剂活性的新菌种。它们对给定种类的害虫有巨大的毒性或是具有更广谱的杀虫活性。然而,在实践中,要获得高毒性和广谱活性的结合是很困难的。
目前已经发现,苏云金芽孢杆菌的一个新菌种GC-91,在防治鳞翅目虫害的某些种类方面具有改进的杀虫剂活性。
于是,本发明提供了苏云金芽孢杆菌的一种新菌种GC-91或在防治鳞翅目虫方面具有杀虫活性的衍生物或其突变体。该菌种的样品已经寄存在伦敦Nw9.5HT Colindae大街。国家收集培养处(NCTC)中央公共健康实验室,登记号:NCTC11821,于1984年9月7日储存。
新菌种有效结合了苏云金芽孢杆菌两个菌种的强烈的杀虫活性,其中之一是不产生孢子的突变株,可以不呈现杀虫活性,尽管它含有如果产生孢子或晶体就能使它具有杀虫活性的遗传物体。因此,由使用两种突变株混合物得不到该新菌种GC-91的奇特效果。
新菌种在防治galleria、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra)棉蒴虫(Helioth-is)、叶虫(Spodoptera)和Pieris属鳞翅目虫害方面具有改进杀虫活性。
本发明也提供了一个生产苏云金芽孢杆菌的方法,通过将两个有关原始菌种不同的杀虫特性给合到单独一个菌种里,从而具有改进的杀虫剂活性,该方法包括:
(a)从第一个原始菌种中选择一个突变株,该突变体特征在于缺少一个具有形成晶体蛋白质部分的多肽编码的质粒。
(b)把具有δ-内毒素晶体合成编码的质粒从第二个原始菌种或突变株上移植到a)步中所产生的突变株中,这样就产生了所期望的新菌种。
最好首先从第二个原始菌种和选择一个不产孢子的突变株,这个不产生孢子突变株大体上具有与第二个原始菌种相同的质粒外形,然后将质粒从不产生孢子的突变株上转移到由步骤(a)产生的接收突变株上。第一种原始菌种最好是菌种HD 135由步骤(a)产生的突变株是菌种135-S4(NCTC11822)。
第二族原始菌种最好是菌种HD191,不产生芽孢的突变株是菌种191-A2(NCTC11823)。
本发明另外还提供了苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91(NCTC11821)的生产方法,它包括将一个具有在菌种191-S2中合成8-内毒素晶体编码的质粒从苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种191-A2(NCTC11823)移植到苏云金芽孢杆菌135-S4(NCTC11822)上。
在该方法的一个具体实施方案中,菌种191-S2和135-S4在混合培养基中一起生长,以实现结合状质粒转移,稀释混合培养液,并转移到一个固体培养基上以得到单个菌落,由多分孢子晶体所增加的大小选择菌种GC91的菌落由此培养菌种GC91。
本发明还提供了由苏云金芽孢杆菌(GC91NCTC11821)或其衍生物或其突变株或按以上规定方法产生的菌种得到的杀虫物质,这种杀虫物质的一个具体实施方案是一个芽孢-晶体的复合物。
本发明还提供了一个杀虫组合物,该杀虫组合物中含有苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91(NCTC11821)或其衍生物。或其突变体、或前面提到的杀虫物质以及农业上的辅助剂如载体、稀释剂、表面活性剂或促进涂洒的辅助剂。组分中还可以含有从化肥、微量营养物质供给物、植物生长制剂、除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、杀残虫剂和杀贝剂及其混合物中选择出的其它生物活性化合物。组合物可含有0.1~99%重量的苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91或其衍生物或其变体或前述的杀虫物质;1-999%重量的固体或液体辅助剂以及0~25%重量的表面活性剂。
另外,本发明提供了消灭鳞翅目虫害的方法,该方法包括将有效移虫量的苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91(NCTC11821)或其衍生物,或其突变体,或以上提到的杀虫物质或含有所说的菌种、衍生物、突变体或物质施加到害虫或它们的周围环境上。
苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91或包含它的组合物,可以与其它杀虫剂或化学助剂一起用于植物或农作物上而不会失去效力。它与大多数通常使用的农用喷液是相容的,但不应该用在强碱性的喷液中。
它也可以以粉剂、悬浮液、可湿性粉末、或任何其它适合于农业应用的形式来使用。
在苏云金芽孢杆菌正常生长后,母细胞溶解将孢子和晶体释放到生长培养基中,孢子和晶体可由离心法、喷雾干燥法、或像Dulmage等报导(《无脊椎动物病理学》杂志,1970年15、15~20)的乳糖共沉淀法这样的沉淀法来收集,所得到的孢子和晶体复合物是长期稳定的,可以配制成适合于施加到农作物上的产品。
制备符合本发明的杀虫剂组合物,包括按以下步骤培养苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91:
(A)将该菌种保存在冷冻干燥的安瓿内。
(B)将这种菌接种到一些琼脂斜面上。
(C)在20~40℃最好是25~33℃下培育这些斜面1~5天。
(D)再由这些斜面接种到含有培养液介质的振动长颈瓶中。
(E)在20~40℃温度下,最好是30℃下振动该容器1~5天,最好1~2天,并根据需要在另外一个长颈瓶中至少重复一次这种无性生长步骤。
(F)在预培养的发酵罐中,把E步的培养物接种到一个培养基水溶液中。
(G)在20~40℃温度下,最好是30~35℃,对包括接种物的培养基搅拌且通气,并按需要在另外一个较大容器中,至少重复一次这一步骤。
(H)按重量百分比把2~20的(G)步培养液放进含有培养液介质的产品发酵罐中。
(I)在20~40℃温度下,最好为30~35℃对该介质搅拌且通气。
(J)当产品发酵罐中,孢子的形成和晶体的产生达到最大值时,收集苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91液体培养液。
(K)在A到D的琼脂和液体培养基中应该至少含有一种氮源、一种碳源、一种盐。最好是胨、葡萄糖和一种盐。F到J中的介质应该至少含有一种氮源(如胨、酵母、萃取液、玉米浆、大豆粉、棉花籽粉、鱼粉),至少一种碳氢源、(如:葡萄糖、乳糖蔗糖、淀粉或者富有这些组分的原料)和一个矿物盐。其中的氮和碳水化合物应当均衡以便尽可能同时用尽。
孢子-晶体复合物或包含它的组合物可以与一些其它杀虫剂或化学药剂一起用于要保护的植物或农作物而不会失去其效力。
在孢子-晶体复合物冉物中,有了能通过如
辐射或某些不破坏晶体的其它方法来杀死孢子,由此产生非生命的产品,在一些功合下,为了安全起见,需要阻止细菌传播,或者避免在有益的鳞翅目虫如蚕中引起疾病,一个非生命的产品是有益的。可是,非生命的产品通常不象包含活孢子的产品那样地具有活性,更不利的因素是增加了杀死孢子的费用。
本发明还涉及治疗植物的方法,它包括了施用有效杀虫量的苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91或组合物。
在本发明范围内,要保护的目标农作物包括有如下的植物种类:
谷类(小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、大米、高粱、和亲缘农作物)。甜菜(糖用甜菜和食用甜菜)。黑桃、梨果和苹果(苹果、梨、梅子、桃子、杏子、樱桃、草莓、腊莓和黑莓)。豆科植统、(豆、兵豆、碗豆、大豆)、油类植物(油菜、芥菜、罂粟、橄槛树、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻油植物、可可粉、花生)、锐叶植物(锐叶、骨髓、氰尿酰胺)、纤维植物(棉花、亚麻、大麻、黄麻)柑桔果(橙子、柠檬、葡萄、桔子),蔬菜(菠菜、莴苣、天冬、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、西红柿、土豆、辣椒),樟科(鳄梨、肉桂、樟脑)、落叶树和针叶树(椴树、浆果紫杉树、橡树、赤杨树、桦木树、冷杉、落叶松、松)、或玉米、烟草、硬果、咖啡、糖甘蔗、茶叶、藤、酒花、香蕉、天然橡胶植物以及装饰品(复合材料)。
苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91通常以组合物形式使用,可以与其它有生物活性的化合物同时或先后施加在待处理的农作物区或植物上,这些化合物可以是化肥或微量营养物供给体或影响植物生长的其它制品,还可以是选择性的除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、杀残虫剂和杀软体虫剂及其这些物质中几种的混合物,需要时可以与配方技术中习惯使用的载体、表面活性剂或促进喷洒的辅助剂一起使用。适用的载体和辅助剂可为固体或液体,它们相当于配方技术中通常使用的那些物质,如天然或再生无机物质、溶剂、分散剂、增湿剂、助吸收剂、粘合剂或肥料。
含有苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91体为活性成份的配方(即组合物),制剂或混合物或者它与其它一些活性组分的结合,必要时,这种结合中还含有固体或液体辅助剂,是用已知的方法制备,如通过均匀混合和/或研磨具有补充剂的活性成分,补充剂例如是溶剂,固体载体、和某些情况下还有表面活性化合物(表面活性剂)。
适用的溶剂是:芳香烃、最好是8~12碳原子数的芳香烃、如二甲苯混合物或取代萘邻苯二甲酸盐(象二丁基邻苯二酸盐或二辛基邻苯二酸盐),脂肪烃(如环己烷或石蜡),醇和甘醇及它们的醚和酯(如乙醇、甲基乙二醇或乙酯醚),酮(如环己酮),强极性溶剂(如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)、二甲亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺以及植物油或环氧化的植物油(如环氧化椰子油或锐叶油)或水。
所用的固体载体(如粉剂或可以分散的粉末),通常是用天然的无机填料、如方解石、滑石、高岭土、蒙脱石或绿坡缕石。为了改进其物理特性,还可加入被高度分散了的硅酸或高度分散的吸收聚合物,适用的粒状吸附载体是多孔型的,如浮石、碎砖、海泡石,或膨润土;适用的非吸附载体是象方解石或砂子这类材料。另外,还可使用大量无机或有机性质的预先被制成颗粒状的材料、尤其是白云石或粉末化的植物残渣。
取决于待配制的活性成份的性质,适用的表面活性剂组份可以是乳化、分散和润湿性好的非离子、阳离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂、应该指出,所谓“表面活性剂”在这里应理解为含有表面活性剂的混合物。
适用的阴离子表面活性剂可以是水溶性的脂肪酸盐和水溶性合成表面活性化合物。
适用的脂肪酸盐是其碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、非取代或取代的高脂肪酸(C10~C22)胺盐、如油酸或硬脂酸或可以从如椰子油或牛脂油中获得的天然脂肪酸混合物的钠盐或钾盐。
其它适用的表面活性剂还可以是脂肪酸甲基氨基乙磺酸盐以及改性的和未改性的磷脂。
然而,更多的是使用所谓合成表面活性剂,特别是脂肪磺酸盐,脂肪硫酸盐、磺酸苯并咪唑衍生物或烷芳基磺酸盐。
脂肪磺酸盐或硫酸盐通常是用它的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐取代或非取代的胺盐形式,一般含有C8~C22烷基基团,它还包括了一个酰基基团的烷基部分,如木素磺酸、十二烷基硫酸或从天然脂肪酸中得到的脂肪醇硫酸盐混合物的钠盐或钙盐。这些化合物也含有硫酸酯盐和脂肪醇/环氧乙烷加成物的磺酸。磺酸苯并咪唑衍生物最好含有2个磺酸基团,和一个含有8~22个碳原子的脂肪酸盐团。烷基芳代磺酸盐的例子是十二烷基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、萘磺酸/甲醛缩合产物的钠盐、钙盐、或三乙醇胺盐。相应的磷酸盐如对-壬基酚与4~14克分子环氧乙烷加成物的磷酸脂盐也是适用的。
非离子表面活性剂最好是脂肪醇或环脂肪醇、饱和或未饱和脂肪酸和烷基酚的聚乙二醇酯衍生物,所说的衍生物含有3~30个甘醇醚基团,并在碳氢化合物部分有8~20个碳原子、在烷基酸的烷基部分有6~18个碳原子。
其它适合的非离子表面活性剂是聚氧化乙烯与聚丙烯甘醇、乙烯二胺基聚丙烯甘醇和在烷基链中含1到10个碳原子的烷基聚丙烯甘醇的水溶性加成物,这种加成物含20~250个乙烯甘醇酯基团和10~100个丙烯甘醇酯基团。通常这些化合物每个丙烯甘醇单元中含1~5个乙烯甘醇单元。
非离子表面活性剂的典型例子是壬基酚聚乙氧基乙醇、蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚、聚丙烯/聚氧化乙烯加成物、三丁基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇、乙烯甘醇和辛基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇。聚氧基乙烯脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸醚、如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇三甘油盐也是合适的非离子表面活性剂。
阴离子表面活性剂最好是这样的季胺盐、作为N-取代基,它包括至少一个C8~C22烷基基团,作为其它取代基,它包含低级的未取代的烷基或低级的卤代烷基、苯甲基或低级羟烷基基团。该盐最好是取其卤代物、甲基硫酸盐或乙基硫酸盐、如十八烷酰三甲基氯代胺或二甲基苯-(2-氯乙基)乙基溴代胺的形式。
配方技术中通常使用的表面活性剂已在1979年新泽西州Ridgewre-od的MC出版公司“Mc Cutcheon去垢剂和乳化剂年报中”;Helanut Stache博士编著的“Tensid Taseh enbuch”(表面活性剂手册)(Carl Hanser Verlay,慕尼黑/维也纳)中被描述。
杀虫剂组合物一般含0.1~99%,最好为0.1~95%的苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91,或它与其它活性成分的组合物,1~99.9%的固体或液体辅助剂,0~25%的表面活性剂,最好为0.1~20%。
虽然工业产品最好配成高浓度的,而最终用户一般使用浓度相当低的稀释剂。
该组合物中还可以象稳定剂、去泡剂、粘性调节剂、粘合剂、胶着剂以及化肥这样的其它活性成分,以得到特殊的效果。
可以参照附图,它表示了野生型、突变体的供体、突变体的受体和重组的菌种GC91的质粒外形,括号(Ⅰ)表示染色体DNA的位置。
苏云金芽孢杆菌的新菌种GC91,由两种其它苏云金芽孢杆菌,利用下面例子中所描述的实验方案精心制得的。
例1-制备135-S4菌种
原始菌种为苏云金芽孢杆菌的野生型、H-血清型argawai菌种HD135(由美国得克萨斯、Brawnsrille美国农业部、棉花昆虫研究实验室、H.T.Dulmage博士得到),菌种HD-135被列入“美国农业部苏云金芽孢杆菌培养物”的目录中,农业评论和手册)ARM-S-30/1982年10月。作为有效菌种还列入法国(索引号7-28),25rue de Doclawr Roux,75724 Paris Cedex 15,巴斯德学会的“Collec-tion de Souches de Bacillus thuringiensis 1983”的目录中。
菌种HD 135显示了对Pieris brassicae、Mamestra brassic-ae、Heliothis Virescens,棉蒴虫(Helioth is axmigera),Galleria mellonella和棉花叶虫(Spodoptera littoralis)的杀虫活性(见下面表1)。
菌种HD 135于42℃,在营养肉汤(英国Oxoid公司)(组份:1.0克/升凝乳酶、2.0克/升酵母膏L-20,5.0克/升的胨L-37,5.0克/升的Nael)中生长16个小时,然后,培养物在0.8%(W/V)细胨(Difw)中被稀释并被植到营养琼脂(英国Oxoid公司)上,(组分与营养肉汤一样,但另加了15.0克/升第三号琼脂)。以获得每个培养皿约有100个菌落,接着在30℃下进行培养48小时。用显微镜检查各个菌落,寻找一个产生小尺寸多分孢子晶体的菌落,该菌落就是HD 135的突变体菌种,并标明为135-S4。菌种135-S4已于1984年9月7日寄存在NCTC,寄存号是NCTC11822,用Jarret P.(1983)的方法〔FEMS细菌学通迅16、55~60〕分析在135-S4突变体中的质粒,表明它缺少一个53Md质粒和一个在母体菌种存在的8.8Md质粒(见附图)。由野生型、HD 135和135-S4产生的被溶解的晶体蛋白质在SDS(十二烷基钠硫酸盐)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的电泳。表明135-S4的多分孢子晶体缺少一个130K多肽。对晶体进行纯化、溶解和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法在该技术领域中是已知的并由如P.Jarrett在1985年58期437-448页《应用细菌学》杂志中描述,对135-S4的生物鉴定,表明对Pieics brassical和Heliotlis Verescens失去杀虫活性,但在Mameslia brassical、Galleria mellonella,Heliot-his armigera和Spodoptera littoralis中保持不变。(表1)
菌株对Galleria mellonella的活性是用Burges、H.D(1976)〔昆虫学实验与应用19,217-222〕的方法来演示的。
菌株对Heliothis armigera,Heliothis VireseensMomestra brassicea和Spodoptera littoralis的活性是通过向幼虫食用的人工琼脂培养基饲料中外加一系列浓度的细菌来演示的。所使用的培养基由Payne、C.C(1981)〔无脊椎动物病杂志38期。71~77〕描述。
对于Pieris brassicae,使用Darid.W.A.C和Gardiner.R.O.C(1965)的半合成饲料〔《伦敦207自然学第4999号、882-883页〕。用于生物鉴定的所有的幼虫年龄是6天,6天后记录死亡率,温度保持在2.5℃。
菌种135-S4对大量鳞翅目虫的杀虫活性示于表1。
例2-菌种191-A2的制备
第二种菌种突变体,编码为191-A2、由野生型H-血清Kursta-lei菌种HD191(由美国得克萨斯、Brownsrille、农业部、棉花昆虫研究实验室、H.T.Dwlmage博士获得)制得。参考例1,作为可适用的菌种,它被列入美国农业部和巴斯德学会目录中(索引号为30-49)。
用菌种HD 191在营养琼脂的表面划痕,(培养基组分:1.0克/升的Lab-Lemco粉末(L-29),2.0克/升的酵母膏9 L-20),5.0克/升的胨(L-37),5.0克/升的NcCl,15.0克/升的3号琼脂),并在43℃下培养48小时。培养后,在放在8倍的解剖显微镜下,检查培养器。可以观察到许多小时凸起部分(或乳头状突起)、散乱地分布在表明是非孢子基因菌落的条纹上。将这些突起取出再次在营养琼脂上面划痕,在30℃下培育48个小时。生长结果使得分离出一个稳定的、作为单个菌落无孢子基因的突变体菌种、它被称为191-A2。菌种191-A2已被寄存在NCTC,登记号为NCTC11823,1984年9月7日寄存的。
当通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳法(见附图)分析母体和突变体菌种的质粒外形时,二者之间无差异。这就表明,对于杀虫活性,质粒外形与产生孢子的母体HD 191的质粒外形或许是一样的,即抗Heliothis armi-gera,Heliothis Virescens和Pieris brassical(表1)的杀虫活性。
例3-菌种GC91的制备
利用具有以下改动的由Gonzalez.J.M.Jr.Brown.B.)和Carlton,B.C.(1982)报导的结合状质粒的转移方法,测试突变体菌种191-A2,以识别那个质粒引起毒素产品。
供体191-A2和受体菌种,即由苏云金芽孢杆菌HD1衍生出的一个不产生结晶的突变体,分别在脑心浸液琼脂(Oxoid)培养皿上生长,〔组分:12.5克/升小牛脑浸液固体,5.0克/升井心浸液固体、10.0克/升报道酶胨(Oxoid L46),5.0克/升NaCl、2.0克/升葡萄糖,2.5克/升无水磷酸钠和15.0克/升3号琼脂〕。在30℃下,培育16个小时后,将每个菌种的一个整圈细胞在脑心浸液琼脂培养皿表面上混合并于30℃下,培育另外24个小时,然后将得到的产物在培养琼脂培养皿(Oxoid)上划痕并在30℃下培育48个小时,使受体能够形成孢子。然后将营养琼脂培养皿中一整圈的产物悬浮到10毫升的无菌蒸馏水中,加热到60℃保持15分钟以杀死不产孢子的供体191-A2(形成接受体的孢子不受伤害,在营养琼脂培养皿中生长后,产生热抗性内生孢子的供体191-A2的回转突变会以大于1的频率在107个活细胞中发生。
加热以后,将培养液稀释并涂敷在营养琼脂上以获得单体菌落,经过在30℃下48小时的培养,在显微镜上观察菌落以寻找是否存在δ-内毒素晶体的合成。在四次独立实验中,产生晶体的菌落百分数分别为59%、41%、22%和31%。由回收晶体产物的接收体的质粒外形表明:晶体合成物是伴随着从供体191-A2转移一个50 Md的质粒同时发生的,对20个菌落进行观察的结果表明它们都含有50Md的质粒,从191-A2获得50Md质粒的受体显示了供体的野生型母体HD 191的全部生物活性,这种结果由表2示出,从这比数据可以断定50Md质粒具有在191-A2中合成δ-内毒素晶体的编码。
利用以上质粒转移的方法以及选择抗热的、形成孢子的受体,将191-A2的50Md质粒转移到135-S4突变体上。为了开始挑选可能含有50Md质粒的135-S4单个菌落,在显微镜下观察菌落,在二次单独实验中,在质粒转移以后,大规模产生晶体的135-S4菌落的百分数为29%,21%。这样一些菌落的质粒外形显示了在所有(10)被分析过的产生大量晶体的菌落中存在有50Md质粒。这就可以断定,吸收50Md质粒引起多个孢子晶体尺寸的增加,和伴随产生的变种,结果增加了突变体135-S4的杀虫活性。
在Spodoptera littoratis,Heliothis armigera Heliothis oirosrens,mamestra Brussical,Galleria mellonella和Pieirs Erassical虫害种类方面,改进了联合的杀虫活性剂。
包含有外加50Md质粒的突变体135-S4被标明为突变体GC91。
苏云金芽孢杆菌的菌种GC91和菌种的杀虫活性由表1中给出。还可以参照附图,表明野生型突变体供体,突变体的受体,和重组的GC91菌种的质粒外形,括号(Ⅰ)表示染色体DNA的位置。
表1
生物测定数据
LC50微克细菌*/*每克昆虫食物
昆虫名 HD1* HD 191 HD 135 135-S4 GC91
(Galleria
meuonella) 2,600 3,500 20 64 18.4
棉铃虫
(Heliothis
armigera) 42 48 228 845 44
(Heliothis
Vireccens) 8.6 5.8 205 72000 4.8
埃及棉卷虫
(Spodoptera
littoralia) 5,780 710,000 445 694 330
粉蝶夜蛾
(Pieris
brussican) 0.64 0.98 1.2 7100 0.72
(Mamestra
brassicae) 1,510 710,000 185 282 162
*HD1是用于控制鳞翅目幼虫的最商业化的苏金云芽孢杆菌产物的细菌菌株。它可以从美国农业部和巴斯德研究所等地方获得(详述见实施例1)
**境养和收集用于生物测定的细菌的方法按照Dulmage et al(1970)〔非脊椎动物病理学杂志15,15-20〕
表2
生物测定数据
LC50微克细菌/每克昆虫食物
昆虫名 不产生结晶的HD HD 191 产生结晶的受体
(Gaueriu >100,000 3,750 2,940
meueneua)
棉铃虫 >10,000 57.0 52.0
(Heliothis
Virescens) >10,000 6.4 6.2
注:表2中的结果是按与表1所述的相似方法获得的。因为细菌的培养和测定的日期不同,所以HD 191的结果与表1的数据略有不同。苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91的固态活性成分,或与其它活性组分相结合的配方例(全部按重量百分比计)
1.可湿性粉末 a) b) c)
苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91, 25% 50% 75%
木质磺酸钠 5% 5% -
十二烷基磺酸钠 3% - 5%
二异戊基萘磺酸钠 - 6% 10%
辛基苯酚聚乙烯乙二醇醚
(7-8摩尔环氧乙烷) - 2% -
高分散的硅酸 5% 10% 10%
高岭立 62% 27% -
把苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91,与辅助药充分混合并在一个合适的球磨机中粉磨,获得可湿性粉末,该粉末可以兑水稀释成所需浓度的悬浮液。
2.可乳化的浓缩物
苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91 10%
辛基苯酚聚乙烯乙二醇醚
(4-5摩尔环氧乙烷)
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 3%
蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚
(36摩尔环氧乙烷) 4%
环己酮 30%
二甲苯 50%
用以上浓缩物兑水可以得到各种所需浓度的乳化液。
3.粉剂
苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91 5% 8%
滑石 95% -
高岭土 - 92%
把活性成分与载体混合、并在适当的磨机中粉磨就可以制得粉剂。
4.挤压机造粒
苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91 10%
木质磺酸钠 2%
羧甲基纤维素 1%
高岭土 87%
把活性成分或组合物与辅助成分混合磨制,而后用水润湿该混合物。将混合物挤压、造粒,然后在热空气中干燥。
5.包衣颗粒
苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91 3%
聚乙烯乙二醇(摩尔重量200) 3%
高岭土 94%
在混合器中将细磨的活性成分或组合物均匀包涂到被聚乙烯乙二醇润浸的高岭土上。按本方法就可得到非粉末状包衣颗粒。
6.悬浮浓缩物
苏云金芽孢杆菌,GC91 40%
1.2-亚乙基二醇 10%
基酚聚乙二醇醚
(15摩尔环氧乙烷) 6%
木质磺酸钠 10%
羧甲基纤维素 1%
37%甲醛水溶液 0.2%
75%的硅油水乳状 0.8%
水 32%
把细磨的活性成分或组合物与辅助成份直接混合,制得一个浓缩悬浮液,向浓缩悬浮液中兑水稀释可以制得任何所需浓度的悬浮液。
本文所揭示的苏云金芽孢杆菌,即GC91、135-S4和191-A2,除了特别注示以外,都具有属和种类的典型的生物化学形态和特征。不同的变种可以用H-血清(基于鞭毛或H抗原)方法辨别,E如H.de Barjac(1981)所描述的,〔第三章,害虫的植物病害的微生物控制1970-1980Ed.H.D.Burges,A cademic Press,1981〕
NCTC11821(=GC91)NCTC11822(=135-S4)和NCTC11823(=191-A2)的生物化学特性测试如下:
11821 11822 11823
革兰氏反应 + + +
运动性(悬滴法) + + +
气体条件 有氧 有氧 有氧
在营养琼脂上的生长
温度 22℃ + + +
37℃ + + +
42℃ + + +
60℃ - NT -
柠檬酸盐培养基 - - -
吲哚 - - -
甲基红 + + +
V-P试验 + + +
硫化氢产物 - - -
硝酸盐还原 + + +
亚硝酸盐还原 - - -
过氧化氢酶 + + +
明胶液化 + NT +
由以下物质产生的酸:
葡萄糖 + + +
阿拉伯糖 - - -
木质糖 NT - NT
乳糖 - - -
蔗糖 - - -
麦芽糖 + + +
甘露醇 - - -
半乳糖醇 - - -
山梨醇 - - -
水杨苷 + + +
淀粉的水解 + + +
尿素 + + +
酪蛋白 + + +
七叶苷 NT - NT
Hugh和Leifson反应 NIL NIL NIL
氧化酶 + + +
葡萄糖瓦 - NT -
丙二酸 - - -
苯丙氨酸 - NT -
脱羧酶:精氨酸 + + +
赖氨酸 - - -
乌氨酸 - - -
Mac Conkey氏
培养基生长 + NT +
(NT=没做)
Claims (13)
1、一种苏云金芽孢杆菌株,GC91(其样品已经寄存,寄存号为NCTC11821),或者它的一个对鳞翅目昆虫害虫有杀虫活性的衍生物或突变体。
2、一种通过将二个有关原始菌种的不同杀虫特性合并到单独一个菌种上来生产具有改进的杀虫特性的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的方法,该方法包括:
a)从第一个原始菌株中选择一个突变体,该突变体特征在于缺少一个具有对构成晶体蛋白质组成部分的多肽编码的质粒;和
b)把具有δ-内毒素晶体合成作用编码的质粒从第二种原始菌株或其突变体且移植到由a)步骤产生的突变体中,这样就产生了所希望的新菌种。
3、一个按权利要求2规定的方法,其中质粒是从第二种原始菌种的不产生芽孢的突变体中被移植的,这种突变体具有与第二种原始菌种的质粒基本上一样的质粒外形。
4、一个按权利要求2的方法,其中第一种原始菌种是HD 135菌种,而在步骤a)所产生的突变株是菌种135-S4(NCTC11822)。
5、一个按权利要求3的方法,其中第二种原始菌种是HD 191菌种,而不产生芽孢的突变株是191-A2菌种(NCTC11823)。
6、一种生产苏云金芽孢杆菌GC91(NCTC11821),它包括从苏云金芽孢杆菌191-A2(NCTC11823)菌种向苏云金芽孢杆菌135-S4(NCTC11822)菌种转移一个具有在191-A2菌种中合成δ-内毒素结晶编码的质粒。
7、一个按权利要求6的方法,其中菌种191-A2和135-S4是在混合培养基上共同生长以便产生结合形式的质粒转移,稀释这种混合物培养基并转移到一个固体培养基上以获得单个菌落,菌种GC91的菌落靠类芽孢晶体的增长尺寸来选择并且由这些菌落培养菌种GC91。
8、一种以苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种GC91(NCTC11821),或它们的一种衍生物或突变体、或从按权利要求2方法生产的一种菌种衍生出的杀虫物质。
9、按权利要求8所说的杀虫物质,它是一种孢子晶体复合物。
10、一种杀虫组合物,含有苏动金芽孢杆菌GC91(NCTC11821),或它们的一种衍生物或突变体,或者一种符合权利要求8的杀虫物质,以及一种载体、稀释剂、表面活性剂或有助喷洒的辅佐剂。
11、一种按权利要求10的组合物,还含有另外一种从肥料、微量养料给体、植物生长制剂、除草剂、杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、杀线虫剂和杀软体动物剂及其它们的混合物中选择出来的具有生物活性的化合物。
12、一种按权利要求10的组合物,含有0.1-99%重量百分比的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种GC91或其衍生物或突变体,或者所说的杀虫物质;1-99.9%重量百分比的一种固体或液体辅佐剂,和0-25%重量百分比的一种表面活性剂。
13、一种消灭鳞翅目害虫的方法,它包括向害虫或它们的周围环境施用有效杀虫量的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种GC91(NCTC11821),或其衍生物或突变体,或符合权利要求8的一种杀虫物质,或一种含有该菌种、衍生物、突变体或物质的组合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8425487 | 1984-10-09 | ||
GB848425487A GB8425487D0 (en) | 1984-10-09 | 1984-10-09 | Strain of bacillus thuringiensis |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN85108207A true CN85108207A (zh) | 1986-09-17 |
CN1017722B CN1017722B (zh) | 1992-08-05 |
Family
ID=10567924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN85108207A Expired CN1017722B (zh) | 1984-10-09 | 1985-10-09 | 具有改进杀虫性能的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法 |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4935353A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0178151B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0829075B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1017722B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE64152T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU603541B2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3583105D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK175186B1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG19367A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES8609476A1 (zh) |
GB (2) | GB8425487D0 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR852425B (zh) |
IL (1) | IL76580A (zh) |
MA (1) | MA20545A1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY100319A (zh) |
NL (1) | NL971029I2 (zh) |
PH (2) | PH21337A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT81260B (zh) |
TR (1) | TR22990A (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA857689B (zh) |
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CN1323720C (zh) * | 2001-07-27 | 2007-07-04 | 沙诺费-辛芷拉保Otc股份公司 | 含有杆菌型非致病性细菌孢子的固体组合物 |
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GB8526774D0 (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1985-12-04 | Sandoz Ltd | Bacillus thuringiensis hybrids |
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GB8630527D0 (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1987-02-04 | Sandoz Ltd | Organic compounds |
US5024837A (en) * | 1987-05-06 | 1991-06-18 | Donovan William P | Coleopteran active microorganisms, related insecticide compositions and methods for their production and use |
US5080897A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1992-01-14 | Ecogen Inc. | Novel bacillus thuringiensis strains, and related insecticidal compositions |
JP3177237B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-10 | 2001-06-18 | アンステイテユ・パストウール | 鱗翅類に対して幼虫殺虫活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列 |
FR2616444B1 (fr) * | 1987-06-10 | 1990-03-02 | Pasteur Institut | Sequences nucleotidiques codant pour des polypeptides dotes d'une activite larvicide vis-a-vis de lepidopteres |
FI892359A (fi) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-11-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Transformering av bacillus thuringiensis. |
US5147640A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1992-09-15 | Ecogen Inc. | Strains of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal compositions containing the same |
FR2639959A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-08 | Pasteur Institut | Bacteries recombinantes toxiques vis-a-vis des larves de dipteres et leur utilisation pour l'elaboration de compositions larvicides |
US5188960A (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1993-02-23 | Mycogen Corporation | Bacillus thuringiensis isolate active against lepidopteran pests, and genes encoding novel lepidopteran-active toxins |
US5874289A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1999-02-23 | Abbott Laboratories | Bacillus thuringiensis mutants which produce high yields of crystal delta-endotoxin |
US5698440A (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1997-12-16 | Abbott Laboratories | Bacillus thuringiensis mutants which produce high yelds of crystal delta-endotoxin |
ES2197901T3 (es) * | 1991-02-05 | 2004-01-16 | Valent Biosciences, Corp. | Aislados de bacillus thuringiensis. |
GB9110391D0 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1991-07-03 | Agricultural Genetics Co | Biological control of pests |
US5723758A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1998-03-03 | Mycogen Corporation | Bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding lepidopteran-active toxins |
US5268172A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-12-07 | Mycogen Corporation | Bacillus thuringiensis isolate denoted B.t.PS158C2, active against lepidopteran pests, and genes encoding lepidopteran-active toxins |
US6258356B1 (en) | 1995-02-10 | 2001-07-10 | Valent Biosciences Corp. | Methods for controlling insect pests with compositions containing Bacillus thuringiensis strains |
US5759538A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1998-06-02 | Monsanto Company | Bacillus thuringiensis apr and npr genes, apr and npr B.t. strains, and method of use |
US6150589A (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 2000-11-21 | Mycogen Corporation | Genes encoding lepidopteran-active toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate PS158C2 |
FR2740472B1 (fr) * | 1995-10-27 | 1998-01-16 | Pasteur Institut | Nouvelles souches de bacillus thuringiensis et composition pesticide les contenant |
CA2234993A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-16 | Appalachian State University | Isolation and screening of subcuticular brittlestar bacteria for antimicrobial compounds production |
IL145291A0 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2002-06-30 | Agraquest Inc | A strain of bacillus pumilus for controlling plant diseases |
US6245551B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2001-06-12 | Agraquest, Inc. | Strain of Bacillus pumilus for controlling plant diseases caused by fungi |
US6284517B1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2001-09-04 | Lawrence Restaino | Plating media for the presumptive identification of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis |
US6482636B1 (en) | 1999-08-12 | 2002-11-19 | Certis Usa, L.L.C. | Constructed Bacillus thuringiensis strains producing mosquitocidal crystal proteins |
US6455079B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-09-24 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process of its application against lepidopteran insects using Albizzia lebbeck plant extract and Bacilus thuriengiensis delta-endotoxin |
ES2353603T3 (es) | 2003-12-16 | 2011-03-03 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Proteína insecticida secretada y composiciones de genes de bacillus thuringiensis y sus usos. |
JP5322740B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-01 | 2013-10-23 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | 有害生物防除方法 |
MX2012002951A (es) * | 2009-09-11 | 2012-07-17 | Valent Biosciences Corp | Nuevo aislado de bacillus thuringiensis. |
CN113603544A (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-05 | 山东新超农业科技有限公司 | 一种辣椒生物菌肥的制备方法 |
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JPS57142907A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-03 | Shionogi & Co Ltd | Bacterium-originated insecticide and its preparation |
ZA859400B (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-10-29 | Monsanto Co | Insertion of the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene into plant-colonizing microorganisms and their use |
ZA864898B (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-03-25 | Lubrizol Genetics Inc | Insecticidal phizobiaceae cells |
-
1984
- 1984-10-09 GB GB848425487A patent/GB8425487D0/en active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-10-04 US US06/784,562 patent/US4935353A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-04 IL IL76580A patent/IL76580A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-04 ZA ZA857689A patent/ZA857689B/xx unknown
- 1985-10-07 PT PT81260A patent/PT81260B/pt unknown
- 1985-10-07 AU AU48352/85A patent/AU603541B2/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-07 GR GR852425A patent/GR852425B/el unknown
- 1985-10-08 AT AT85307183T patent/ATE64152T1/de active
- 1985-10-08 EP EP85307183A patent/EP0178151B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-08 DK DK198504606A patent/DK175186B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-08 MA MA20769A patent/MA20545A1/fr unknown
- 1985-10-08 GB GB08524826A patent/GB2165261B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-08 DE DE8585307183T patent/DE3583105D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-08 EG EG63885A patent/EG19367A/xx active
- 1985-10-09 ES ES547736A patent/ES8609476A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-10-09 TR TR41084/85A patent/TR22990A/xx unknown
- 1985-10-09 CN CN85108207A patent/CN1017722B/zh not_active Expired
- 1985-10-09 JP JP60223910A patent/JPH0829075B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-10-09 PH PH32906A patent/PH21337A/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-05-25 MY MYPI87000713A patent/MY100319A/en unknown
- 1987-09-22 PH PH35839A patent/PH24924A/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-03-27 US US07/500,199 patent/US5063055A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-07 NL NL971029C patent/NL971029I2/nl unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1323720C (zh) * | 2001-07-27 | 2007-07-04 | 沙诺费-辛芷拉保Otc股份公司 | 含有杆菌型非致病性细菌孢子的固体组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2165261A (en) | 1986-04-09 |
EP0178151B1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
US4935353A (en) | 1990-06-19 |
ZA857689B (en) | 1986-05-28 |
NL971029I1 (nl) | 1997-10-01 |
GB8524826D0 (en) | 1985-11-13 |
US5063055A (en) | 1991-11-05 |
IL76580A0 (en) | 1986-02-28 |
PH21337A (en) | 1987-10-13 |
ES547736A0 (es) | 1986-07-16 |
IL76580A (en) | 1989-12-15 |
MY100319A (en) | 1990-08-11 |
GR852425B (zh) | 1985-12-23 |
PH24924A (en) | 1990-12-26 |
DK175186B1 (da) | 2004-07-05 |
ES8609476A1 (es) | 1986-07-16 |
PT81260A (en) | 1985-11-01 |
DK460685D0 (da) | 1985-10-08 |
EP0178151A2 (en) | 1986-04-16 |
TR22990A (tr) | 1989-01-05 |
DE3583105D1 (de) | 1991-07-11 |
DK460685A (da) | 1986-04-10 |
PT81260B (pt) | 1987-10-20 |
GB2165261B (en) | 1988-12-14 |
GB8425487D0 (en) | 1984-11-14 |
JPS61181372A (ja) | 1986-08-14 |
CN1017722B (zh) | 1992-08-05 |
AU4835285A (en) | 1986-04-17 |
AU603541B2 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
JPH0829075B2 (ja) | 1996-03-27 |
NL971029I2 (nl) | 2004-06-01 |
EP0178151A3 (en) | 1987-06-24 |
MA20545A1 (fr) | 1986-07-01 |
ATE64152T1 (de) | 1991-06-15 |
EG19367A (en) | 1995-01-31 |
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