CN2361642Y - 电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜 - Google Patents
电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜是由至少两层称为可渗透膜的可渗透液体的多孔薄片连接于边框上或无边框而组成,至少有两层可渗透膜的平均孔径相差五倍以上,隔膜放置于氯碱工业电解槽内,将阴极和阳极分开,使电化学反应分别进行,因隔膜的液体阻力使电解质溶液在一定压差下以要求的流量渗透过隔膜,而保证产品质量和生产安全,因其多层结构而具有寿命长、不易堵塞和造价低的特点。
Description
一种电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜是氯碱工业专用设备隔膜电解槽中名为隔膜的重要元件的实用新型。
氯碱工业隔膜电解槽用来电解盐水制氯气和烧碱，电解槽的隔膜的作用是把阴极室和阳极室分开，电解质溶液在阳极和阴极分别进行不同的电化学反应，使阳极产生的氯气不与阴极产生的氢气混合以避免发生可能爆炸的化学反应，同时使电解质溶液在一定液面差形成的压差下由阳极室通过隔膜流入阴极室，因隔膜的流体阻力使以要求的流量渗透以保证所得电解液质量合格。生产过程中隔膜在阳极侧为强酸性而阴极侧为强碱性的强腐蚀环境中长期使用，还要求经过隔膜的电压降尽量低和阴极室的OH-离子经隔膜向阳极室的迁移扩散尽量少，以便能耗降低。
多年来均用石棉纤维作隔膜，因石棉强度低而使隔膜使用寿命短，近年又发现石棉为致癌物质，所以近年国内、外都已研制新型隔膜。主要类型有美国专利4236952用含氟聚合物制的单层多孔膜隔膜，中国专利90101531.8用无机材料复盖在含氟合成材料纤维上成形并加热塑化成无序分散结构隔膜和中国专利94107560.5用含氟聚合物粘合剂连接多种纤维及粉末而成的混合结构隔膜。所有这些隔膜的共同的缺点是由于隔膜上的微孔是一次成型而成，遍布整体隔膜上用以渗透通过液体的各个贯通隔膜的孔的截面积的尺寸在靠近阳极一侧和靠近阴极一侧都是接近的。这样在靠近阳极一侧常因开口尺寸不够小使一些不溶微粒进入隔膜内部而造成堵塞，而靠阴极一侧又因尺寸太小使得盐水中残存的钙镁离子流经隔膜时在隔膜内的碱性区生成的氢氧化物沉淀不能流出隔膜而堵塞。隔膜内部堵塞使其性能恶化，使产品的能耗增加和质量降低，必须停产检修才能排除隔膜内部的堵塞。
本实用新型的目的是在隔膜靠阳极一侧用尺寸很小的开孔的薄层使不溶物难以进入，而靠阴极一侧为开孔尺寸较大的较厚层，使生成的氢氧化物沉淀物易于排出，从而降低电阻和减少隔膜的堵塞，而又不降低阻止OH-迁移和扩散的能力。其技术原理是液体在隔膜内的流速在0.5×10-4米/秒下，属于低雷诺数的层流范围，其流动状态符合流体力学公式：
式中P为隔膜两侧的压差帕，M为液体的粘度，帕、秒，W为液体在隔膜的孔内的流速米/秒，L为液体流过的长度米，d为孔的当量直径米。在生产中压差P维持一定的数值，M是液体的物理常数，由公式可知，如果充分减少d，只要相应的减少通道的长度L也可使流速W保持不变。故阳极一侧的薄层微孔可渗透膜可充分薄而使孔径虽极小仍不影响隔膜的流速，并可使此薄层处于酸性及中性环境而无氢氧化物沉淀在此区间生成。而根据电迁移，扩散和欧姆定律，OH-的迁移扩散和液体的电阻都与孔径无关，所以在阴极侧可用开口较大且较厚的多孔膜使产生的氢氧化物沉淀易于排出，且有相当厚度以增加阻止OH-迁移和扩散能力及增大膜的强度。
采用的技术方案是：电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜是由耐腐蚀材料制成的平整的薄片，有大量贯通薄片可渗透液体的孔分布在薄片的表面上，薄片连接于四周边框上或无边框。隔膜由至少两层称为可渗透膜的其平均孔径相差五倍以上可渗透液体的多孔薄片组成，所述的可渗透膜可由不同材料或同样材料制成，如膜的层数超过两层，则其中有平均孔径相同的膜或有无孔的膜，其形状和面积也可完全不同或部分不同，当膜多于两层时根据材料情况和使用要求，各层膜中有些是不可分开的，或可以分开的，并可加入粘合剂使各层相连接，也可用加热加压等物理方法使其相连接和密封。
本实用新型的优点在于可减少隔膜的堵塞和延长其使用寿命，并可降低造价和维修费。
结合附图及实施例叙述如下：
图1为电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜的正视和局部剖视图。
图2为电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜的俯视和局部剖视图。
图3为电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜的无边框型的正视和局部剖视图。
图中：1为孔径较小的单层控制流量层，2为边框，3为孔径较大的单层阻止扩散层。4为控制流量层，5为阻止扩散层。图1及图2是将(1)(3)分别成型后叠合，用粘合剂连接于边框而连成整体。图3将(4)(5)分别成型后重叠后加热塑化而连成整体或用粘合剂粘合连接成整体。
实例1，如图1、图2其中(1)采用孔径0.1-0.9微米，厚度为0.04-2毫米的聚四氟乙烯亲水膜，(3)为孔径＞10微米的聚丙烯滤布。与(2)边框的连接可用粘合剂连接。使用在电流密度2000安/米2电解液含NaOH130仟克/米3温度95℃时，隔膜电压降为0.10伏。
实例2，如图3，(4)采用平均孔径0.5-2.0微米的聚四氟乙烯微孔膜，厚0.1-0.2毫米，(5)采用孔径5-20微米的聚四氟乙烯多孔膜，厚0.3-0.6毫米，在电流密度2000安/米2电解液含NaOH 120千克/米3，95℃，隔膜的电压降为0.08伏。
实例3，如图3，(4)采用平均孔径0.2-0.5微米，厚10-30微米的聚四氟乙烯微孔膜相同尺寸的三张重叠而成，(5)采用平均孔径5-20微米，厚0.3-0.8毫米的聚四氟乙烯多孔膜，在电流密度2000安/米2电解液含NaOH120千克/米3，95℃，隔膜的电压降为0.10伏。
Claims (7)
1.一种电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，是由耐腐蚀材料制成的平整的薄片，有大量贯通薄片可渗透液体的孔分布在薄片的表面上，薄片连接于四周的边框上或无边框其特征在于：(a)隔膜由至少两层称为可渗透膜的可渗透液体的多孔薄片组成；(b)组成隔膜的可渗透膜至少有两层其各自上面的孔的平均孔径相差5倍以上；
2.根据权利要求1所述的电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，其特征在于各层可渗透膜其中有些是用不同材料制成；
3.根据权利要求1所述的电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，其特征在于当膜的层数多於两层时，其中各层膜的形状和面积有些是不同的；
4.根据权利要求1所述的电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，其特征在于膜与膜之间有些是不可分开的；
5.根据权利要求1所述的电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，其特征在于当膜多于两层时，有些膜的孔径是相同的；
6.根据权利要求1所述的电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，其特征在于使用粘合剂使膜与膜连接；
7.根据权利要求1所述的电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜，其特征在于使用粘合剂使膜与边框相连接。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99202911U CN2361642Y (zh) | 1999-02-02 | 1999-02-02 | 电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜 |
| US09/889,574 US7241367B1 (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-01-21 | Permeable membrane diaphragm of different layers for electroytic cells |
| PCT/CN2000/000011 WO2000046425A1 (fr) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-01-21 | Membrane impermeable multicouches pour bain electrolytique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99202911U CN2361642Y (zh) | 1999-02-02 | 1999-02-02 | 电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN2361642Y true CN2361642Y (zh) | 2000-02-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN99202911U Expired - Fee Related CN2361642Y (zh) | 1999-02-02 | 1999-02-02 | 电解槽多层可渗透膜隔膜 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7241367B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN2361642Y (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2000046425A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108687344A (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-23 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | 物品表面精整方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060201868A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Simmons Blake A | Methods and devices for high-throughput dielectrophoretic concentration |
| CN110869538B (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2022-02-11 | 爱克发-格法特公司 | 用于碱解的强化隔膜 |
| JP2022143970A (ja) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-10-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 二酸化炭素電解装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1503514A (en) * | 1974-06-25 | 1978-03-15 | Ici Ltd | Method of manufacturing a porous diaphragm |
| JPS61130347A (ja) * | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-18 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 新規な電解用複層隔膜 |
| US4921587A (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1990-05-01 | H-D Tech, Inc. | Porous diaphragm for electrochemical cell |
| US4863604A (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1989-09-05 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Microporous asymmetric polyfluorocarbon membranes |
| US5183545A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1993-02-02 | Branca Phillip A | Electrolytic cell with composite, porous diaphragm |
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- 1999-02-02 CN CN99202911U patent/CN2361642Y/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2000
- 2000-01-21 WO PCT/CN2000/000011 patent/WO2000046425A1/zh active Search and Examination
- 2000-01-21 US US09/889,574 patent/US7241367B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108687344A (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-23 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | 物品表面精整方法 |
| CN108687344B (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2022-05-24 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | 物品表面精整方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US7241367B1 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
| WO2000046425A1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 |
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