CN219421781U - Vegetable seedling substrate - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN219421781U CN219421781U CN202222777658.6U CN202222777658U CN219421781U CN 219421781 U CN219421781 U CN 219421781U CN 202222777658 U CN202222777658 U CN 202222777658U CN 219421781 U CN219421781 U CN 219421781U
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- layer
- vermiculite
- turf
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- seedling substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The utility model provides a vegetable seedling substrate, and relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. Comprises a vermiculite layer, a straw layer, a pond soil layer, a cow dung layer and a turf layer which are laid in sequence, wherein the vermiculite layer is a surface layer of a matrix. Through designing 5 layer structure, the air permeability and the moisture content of soil can be improved to the vermiculite layer, and the porosity of straw layer is big, and pond soil layer provides organic nutrition, and cow dung layer provides organic nutrition, and it is good to assist grass carbon layer aeration performance at last, light, hold water, organic matter content is high. The idea of alternately arranging loose ventilation and organic nutrition among the 5 layers of structures ensures that the vegetable seedling substrate has high structural support degree and proper nutrition, meanwhile, 4 layers of structures are arranged outside the turf layer in the substrate, so that the use of turf is greatly reduced, and richer possibility is provided for the structure of the seedling substrate.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a vegetable seedling substrate.
Background
With the continuous development and industry transformation of agricultural rural areas, the substrate seedling raising technology greatly relieves the dependence of the seedling raising process on land resources by the characteristics of stability, high efficiency and environmental protection, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of simplifying seedling raising procedures, reducing seedling raising cost, accelerating high-quality seedling supply and the like.
The matrix seedling raising can ensure the seedling quality, has the advantages of improving the transplanting survival rate, being suitable for long-distance transportation, being portable, and the like, and gradually becomes an important subject of a plurality of students for the study of seedling raising matrix materials and the proportion thereof. The matrix is the foundation and the core of soilless culture, so the selection of the matrix is the key to the success or failure of cultivation.
The matrix needs to have better hydrophobic and air permeability to improve the emergence rate of vegetables, has good ventilation performance of turfy soil, light weight, high water holding and organic matter content, is an ideal seedling matrix, but is non-renewable resource, and is excessively mined and utilized, so that the consumption speed of turfy is increased, the wetland environment is damaged, and the global greenhouse effect is increased. Therefore, the matrix material is required to be more economical and effective, and the matrix material is used for partially or completely replacing turf, so that the matrix material has better hydrophobic air permeability and becomes a main target for research and exploration of domestic and foreign students.
In view of this, the present utility model has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a vegetable seedling substrate which has high structural support degree and has the effects of loosening, ventilation and proper nutrition.
Embodiments of the present utility model are implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the utility model provides a vegetable seedling substrate, which comprises a vermiculite layer, a straw layer, a pond soil layer, a cow dung layer and a turf layer which are sequentially paved, wherein the vermiculite layer is a surface layer of the substrate.
The vermiculite layer has good cation exchange property and adsorptivity, can improve the structure of soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, and improve the air permeability and the water content of the soil; vermiculite can also play a role in acid-base buffer, so that crops can be promoted to grow normally; the vermiculite has the characteristics of water absorption, cation exchange property and chemical components, so that the vermiculite plays multiple roles of fertilizer preservation, water storage, ventilation, mineral fertilizer and the like.
The turf layer has the characteristics of good ventilation performance, light weight, high water holding capacity, high organic matter content and the like, and is beneficial to the growth of crops in the seedling stage.
The pond soil layer has high organic matter content, various nutrient types and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and is an ideal growth substrate.
The straw layers are loose and breathable, the porosity is large, the straw resources are rich, and the ecological environment is not influenced and destroyed in the material drawing process.
The cow dung layer is rich in organic matters, has the trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, copper, zinc and the like required by the growth of crops, and plays roles of reducing the volume weight, increasing the beneficial microbial load of soil and meeting the continuous utilization and absorption of the crops on nutrients.
In an alternative embodiment, the thickness ratio of the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is 20-30: 30-40: 1 to 10: 10-20: 15-25.
In an alternative embodiment, the thickness ratio of the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is 22-27: 32-37: 2 to 8: 12-18: 18 to 22.
In an alternative embodiment, the thickness ratio of the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is 25:35:5:15:20.
in an alternative embodiment, the vegetable seedling substrate has a total porosity of 62-70% and a bulk weight of 0.40-0.45 g/cm 3 。
In an alternative embodiment, the total porosity is66.7% by volume and a weight of 0.42g/cm 3 。
The larger the porosity is, the stronger the capacity of the matrix for containing water and gas is, and the more favorable the growth of plant root systems in the seedling stage is. When the volume weight is too large, the matrix is too compact, which is unfavorable for water repellency and ventilation, and when the volume weight is too small, the matrix is too loose, which is unfavorable for fixation of crop root systems.
In some embodiments, the total porosity and volume weight are calculated by: the ring cutter with known volume is adopted, and the weight of the ring cutter is weighed and recorded as W 1 The weight of the ring cutter after the matrix is filled is weighed and marked as W 2 Soaking the ring cutter containing the matrix in water for 24 hr, taking out, and weighing the ring cutter and matrix, and recording the mass as W 3 。
Total porosity (%) = (W) 3 -W 2 )/V×100％。
Bulk density (g/cm) 3 )＝(W 2 -W 1 )/V。
In an alternative embodiment, the porosity of the vermiculite layer is 68 to 72% and the volume weight is 0.20 to 0.30g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the straw layer is 65-70%, and the volume weight is 0.20-0.40 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the pond soil layer is 45-50%, and the volume weight is 1.00-1.20 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the cow dung layer is 65-70%, and the volume weight is 0.40-0.60 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the turf layer is 73-77% and the volume weight is 0.10-0.30 g/cm 3 。
In an alternative embodiment, the porosity of the vermiculite layer is 70.3% and the volume weight is 0.26g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the straw layer is 67.6%, and the volume weight is 0.30g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the pond soil layer is 48.7 percent, and the volume weight is 1.08g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the cow dung layer is 68.9%, and the volume weight is 0.52g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the turf layer is 75.4% and the volume weight is 0.20g/cm 3 。
In an alternative embodiment, the particle size of the materials filled in the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is less than or equal to 6mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the particle size of the materials filled in the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is less than or equal to 4mm.
The embodiment of the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the utility model provides a vegetable seedling substrate, which is characterized in that a 5-layer structure is designed, the air permeability and the water content of soil can be improved by a vermiculite layer, organic nutrition is provided by a pond soil layer, inorganic nutrition is various, the porosity of a straw layer is large, organic nutrition is provided by a cow dung layer, and finally, the ventilation performance of a turf layer is good, the weight is light, the water is kept and the organic content is high. The idea of alternately arranging loose ventilation and organic nutrition among the 5 layers of structures ensures that the vegetable seedling substrate has high structural support degree and proper nutrition, meanwhile, 4 layers of structures are arranged outside the turf layer in the substrate, so that the use of turf is greatly reduced, and richer possibility is provided for the structure of the seedling substrate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present utility model and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vegetable seedling substrate according to a first embodiment of the present utility model.
Icon is 100-vegetable seedling substrate; 110-vermiculite layer; 120-straw layers; 130-pond soil layer; 140-cow dung layer; 150-turf layer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a vegetable seedling substrate 100, which includes, from top to bottom, a vermiculite layer 110, a straw layer 120, a pond soil layer 130, a cow dung layer 140 and a turf layer 150, which are sequentially laid, wherein the vermiculite layer 110 is a surface layer of the substrate.
In this example, the layer of vermiculite 110, straw 120, pond soil 130, cow dung 140 and turf 150 are 2.5cm, 3.5cm, 0.5cm, 1.5cm, and 2.0cm, respectively, in terms of thickness.
In this example, the vegetable seedling substrate 100 had a total porosity of 66.7% and a bulk weight of 0.42g/cm 3 。
In this embodiment, the calculation method of the total porosity and the volume weight is as follows: using a known volume of 100cm 3 The ring cutter of (2) is weighed and the mass is marked as W 1 The weight of the ring cutter after the matrix is filled is weighed and marked as W 2 Soaking the ring cutter containing the matrix in water for 24 hr, taking out, and weighing the ring cutter and matrix, and recording the mass as W 3 。
Total porosity (%) = (W) 3 -W 2 )/V×100％。
Bulk density (g/cm) 3 )＝(W 2 -W 1 )/V。
In this example, the porosity of the vermiculite layer 110 is 70.3% and the volume weight is 0.26g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the straw layer 120 was 67.6% and the bulk density was 0.30g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The porosity of the pond layer 130 was 48.7% and the bulk density was 1.08g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cow dung layer 140 has a porosity of 68.9% and a volume weight of 0.52g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The turf layer 150 had a porosity of 75.4% and a bulk weight of 0.20g/cm 3 。
In the embodiment, the particle sizes of the materials filled in the vermiculite layer 110, the straw layer 120, the pond soil layer 130, the cow dung layer 140 and the turf layer 150 are all less than or equal to 4mm.
Taking cucumber seedling cultivation as an example, a cucumber seedling cultivation experiment was performed by respectively using soil, a common substrate and the vegetable seedling cultivation substrate 100 provided in the first embodiment, 16 seedling cultivation trays were installed every 30L according to the existing floating seedling cultivation tray specifications, and cucumber seedling cultivation was performed in a seedling cultivation greenhouse, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
TABLE 1 seedling results
From the above data, it can be found that the vegetable seedling substrate 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model can significantly improve the emergence rate of cucumber, and the plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight are significantly higher than those of soil planting and common substrate planting, so that the vegetable seedling substrate 100 has an obvious promotion effect. Therefore, the 5-layer vegetable seedling substrate 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model has high structural support, has the effects of loosening, ventilation and proper nutrition, reduces the use of turf, and is suitable for agricultural seedling popularization.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a vegetable seedling substrate 100, which has at least the following advantages:
through designing 5 layer structure, the air permeability and the moisture content of soil can be improved to the vermiculite layer 110, and straw layer 120 porosity is big, and pond soil layer 130 provides organic nutrition, and cow dung layer 140 provides organic nutrition, and finally is assisted with grass carbon layer 150 ventilation performance good, light, hold water, organic matter content height. The concept of alternately arranging loose ventilation and organic nutrition among the 5 layers of structures ensures that the vegetable seedling substrate 100 has high structural support degree and proper effects of loose ventilation and nutrition, and meanwhile, the substrate is provided with 4 layers of structures besides the turf layer 150, so that the use of turf is greatly reduced, and richer possibility is provided for the structure of the seedling substrate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the present utility model, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The vegetable seedling substrate is characterized by comprising a vermiculite layer, a straw layer, a pond soil layer, a cow dung layer and a turf layer which are paved in sequence, wherein the vermiculite layer is a surface layer of the substrate.
2. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the thickness ratio of the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is 20-30: 30-40: 1 to 10: 10-20: 15-25.
3. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 2, wherein the thickness ratio of the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is 22-27: 32-37: 2 to 8: 12-18: 18 to 22.
4. A vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 3, wherein the thickness ratio of the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is 25:35:5:15:20.
5. the vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable seedling substrate has a total porosity of 62 to 70%.
6. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 5, wherein the total porosity is 66.7%.
7. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the porosity of the vermiculite layer is 68-72%, the porosity of the straw layer is 65-70%, the porosity of the pond soil layer is 45-50%, the porosity of the cow dung layer is 65-70%, and the porosity of the turf layer is 73-77%.
8. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 7, wherein the porosity of the vermiculite layer is 70.3%, the porosity of the straw layer is 67.6%, the porosity of the pond soil layer is 48.7%, the porosity of the cow dung layer is 68.9%, and the porosity of the turf layer is 75.4%.
9. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the materials filled in the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is less than or equal to 6mm.
10. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 9, wherein the particle size of the materials filled in the vermiculite layer, the straw layer, the pond soil layer, the cow dung layer and the turf layer is less than or equal to 4mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222777658.6U CN219421781U (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Vegetable seedling substrate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222777658.6U CN219421781U (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Vegetable seedling substrate |
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| CN219421781U true CN219421781U (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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| CN202222777658.6U Active CN219421781U (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Vegetable seedling substrate |
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| CN (1) | CN219421781U (en) |
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- 2022-10-20 CN CN202222777658.6U patent/CN219421781U/en active Active
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