CN218811525U

CN218811525U - Vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device

Info

Publication number: CN218811525U
Application number: CN202222945930.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周希; 游丽; 李玺; 徐雯; 邱诚; 肖秀婵; 刘怡君; 袁壮
Original assignee: Chengdu Technological University CDTU
Current assignee: Chengdu Technological University CDTU
Priority date: 2022-11-04
Filing date: 2022-11-04
Publication date: 2023-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-04

Abstract

The utility model discloses a quick preprocessing device of on-vehicle straw, including automobile body, motor, feed hopper, pivot, cutting knife, crushing room, pyrolysis chamber, spiral conveying extrusion device, heating device, heat preservation, exhaust treatment device, go up the stripper plate, the press that oils, lower bolster, lower hydraulic press, slide rail. The cutting knife is at the drive straw of smashing of motor down, carries out the pyrolysis through the pyrolysis chamber under the drive of screw conveying extrusion device simultaneously, finally produces biological charcoal or active carbon raw material, through extrusion rapid prototyping, piles up in the farmland. The utility model discloses can carry out preliminary treatment and packing shaping with field agriculture and forestry discarded object fast, result environmental protection, high-usage, convenient recovery, efficient not only can slow down agriculture and forestry waste gas thing and burn etc. and bring the pollution, can also create economic value simultaneously.

Description

Vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field agriculture and forestry wastes material quick pretreatment's special equipment mainly relates to environmental engineering technical field.

Background

In the development and production processes of agriculture and forestry, a large amount of field waste such as biomass straws, branches, leaves and the like can be generated, and most of the waste is incinerated at present, so that resources are wasted, and the environment is polluted.

The current treatment mode of the agricultural and forestry wastes is simpler, for example, biomass straws are mainly treated by burning, but in recent years, the burning of the straws is forbidden in most areas of China, most straws are returned to the field after being crushed, organic matters in soil can be effectively improved, and soil fertility is improved, but heavy metals carried by the straw returning method, pesticide residues applied, insect eggs of pests and other residues can return to the soil, and the symptoms of irregular emergence of seedlings, aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests and the like are caused.

The preparation of the biochar or the activated carbon by the agricultural and forestry waste can recycle the agricultural and forestry waste. Biochar is produced by high-temperature thermal cracking of biological organic materials (biomass) in an anoxic or anaerobic environment. Most of field agricultural plants are collected mechanically, the straw and other wastes are generated quickly, the agricultural and forestry waste treatment device for synchronous collection operation does not exist at present, and the waste of the resources is large and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed for subsequent treatment of the wastes.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing an utilize pyrolysis method, the equipment of in time preliminary treatment agriculture and forestry discarded object in the field, this equipment include automobile body, motor, feed hopper, pivot, cutting knife, crushing room, pyrolysis chamber, spiral conveying extrusion device, heating device, heat preservation, exhaust treatment device, go up the stripper plate, go up oil press, lower bolster, lower hydraulic press, slide rail.

The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme.

Furthermore, the waste drives a cutting knife and a spiral conveying and extruding device to crush, convey and extrude the field waste when the motor rotates through a feeding hopper, and the waste is pressed and molded after reaching certain physical characteristics through a crushing chamber and a pyrolysis chamber in the process;

furthermore, the pyrolysis chamber is divided into a front section, a middle section and a rear section, and the temperature of each section of the pyrolysis chamber can be respectively controlled to 200 ℃ preheating, 400 ℃ medium temperature pyrolysis and 600 ℃ high temperature pyrolysis;

furthermore, the pitches of the spiral sheets of the spiral conveying and extruding device in each section of the pyrolysis chamber are different, and the distance ratios are respectively 1;

furthermore, a waste treatment device is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber, and gas generated by pyrolysis is treated by the waste treatment device and is discharged after meeting the environmental protection condition;

furthermore, the wastes are subjected to pressure forming in a high-temperature chamber under the condition of still having temperature, and after forming, the angle below the prefabricated block is close to the angle of the slide rail, so that the wastes are prevented from falling and falling during blanking.

The utility model discloses profitable effect: the utility model is used for in time handle field agriculture and forestry discarded object (for example living beings straw, branch, leaf etc.), through smashing and high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis, make the prefabricated material piece of biological charcoal under the conveying extrusion to discharge after handling waste gas in the production process, waste utilization is high, the result is environmental protection more, is favorable to a large amount of, the timely processing of discarded object such as crop straw, and finished goods also conveniently are collected.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

in the figure: comprises a vehicle body 1; 2. a motor; 3. a feed hopper; 4. a rotating shaft; 5. a cutting knife; 6. a crushing chamber; 7. a pyrolysis chamber; 8. a screw conveying extrusion device; 9. a heating device; 10. a heat-insulating layer; 11. an exhaust gas treatment device; 12. an upper stripper plate; 13. applying oil pressure; 14. a lower base plate; 15. a hydraulic press; 16. a slide rail.

Detailed Description

The novel test is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1, wherein for the sake of convenience of description, the following orientations are defined as follows: the up, down, left, right, and front-back directions described below coincide with the up, down, left, right, and front-back directions in the projection relation of fig. 1 itself.

The vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device provided by combining the attached figure 1 comprises a vehicle body 1; 2. a motor; 3. a feed hopper; 4. a rotating shaft; 5. a cutting knife; 6. a crushing chamber; 7. a pyrolysis chamber; 8. a screw conveying extrusion device; 9. a heating device; 10. a heat-insulating layer; 11. an exhaust gas treatment device; 12. an upper stripper plate; 13. oiling a pressing machine; 14. a lower base plate; 15. a hydraulic press; 16. a slide rail.

Waste such as straw and the like generated by a field harvester enters a crushing chamber of the device through the feeding hopper, a cutting knife in the crushing chamber is driven by a motor to crush the waste, crushed materials enter a preheating section of a pyrolysis chamber through a crushing cutter under rotation, the temperature of the preheating section of the pyrolysis chamber is set to be 200 ℃, the waste is dried and preheated, the waste passes through a middle temperature section of the pyrolysis chamber under the drive of a spiral conveying and extruding device, the middle temperature section is set to be 400 ℃ to carry out primary pyrolysis on the waste, the space between spiral sheets of the middle temperature section spiral conveying and extruding device is 2 times that of the preheating section, the pyrolysis time of the waste is 2 times that of the preheating section, the arrangement can also prevent accumulation caused by the excessively high entering speed of front section materials, and the waste enters a high temperature stage of the pyrolysis chamber under the drive of the spiral conveying and extruding device through pyrolysis, the section is set at a temperature of 600 ℃, the distance between the spiral sheets of the spiral conveying and extruding device at the high-temperature section is 3 times that of the preheating section, the pyrolysis time is 3 times that of the preheating section, along with the operation and accumulation of wastes, the spiral sheets extrude the wastes, when a pressure sensor at the upper extrusion plate reaches a certain value, the equipment judges that the materials are full in advance, at the moment, the motor automatically stops working, the materials stop conveying, the upper extrusion plate is driven by the upper oil press to move downwards and maintain pressure for a certain time, the wastes after the pretreatment is compacted are molded, the upper extrusion plate returns after the pressure maintenance is finished, the lower cushion plate moves downwards under the drive of the lower oil press, the molded pretreated wastes slide to be scratched out and fall into the ground, the lower cushion plate moves upwards and returns, and the motor continues to rotate to enter the next cycle.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device comprises a vehicle body (1), a motor (2), a feeding hopper (3), a rotating shaft (4), a cutting knife (5), a crushing chamber (6), a pyrolysis chamber (7), a spiral conveying and extruding device (8), a heating device (9), a heat-insulating layer (10), a waste gas treatment device (11), an upper extrusion plate (12), an upper oil press (13), a lower backing plate (14), a lower oil press (15) and a slide rail (16);

the motor rotates and simultaneously drives the cutting knife and the spiral conveying and extruding device to crush, convey and extrude the field wastes, and in the process, the wastes are pressed and formed after reaching certain physical properties through the crushing chamber and the pyrolysis chamber;

the device is provided with a waste treatment device above the pyrolysis chamber, and gas generated by pyrolysis is treated by the waste treatment device and is discharged after meeting environmental protection conditions;

the upper extrusion plate is provided with a pressure sensor, and when the pressure reaches a certain value, the upper extrusion plate automatically starts to move downwards to work.

2. The vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pyrolysis chamber is divided into a front section, a middle section and a rear section, and the temperature of each section of pyrolysis chamber can be respectively controlled to be 200 ℃, 400 ℃ and 600 ℃.

3. The vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spiral blade interval of the spiral conveying extrusion device in each section of pyrolysis chamber is different, and the distance proportion is 1.

4. The vehicle-mounted straw rapid pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wastes are subjected to pressure forming in a high-temperature chamber under the condition that the temperature of the wastes is still high, and after forming, the angle below the prefabricated block is close to that of the slide rail, so that the wastes are prevented from falling and falling during blanking.