CN110788110A

CN110788110A - Process method for comprehensively utilizing straws

Info

Publication number: CN110788110A
Application number: CN201910928747.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张长安; 贾书亚; 王志东; 范少朋; 郭水涛; 刘建军
Original assignee: Zhongyuan Environmental Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhongyuan Environmental Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-28
Filing date: 2019-09-28
Publication date: 2020-02-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a process method for comprehensively utilizing straws, which relates to the technical field related to straw treatment and comprises the following steps: a: preparing materials: placing light rays on the harvested biological straws, and naturally airing the ventilated parts; b: crushing: placing all the dried straws into a crusher for coarse crushing; c: pyrolysis: putting the residual coarsely crushed straws into a pyrolysis furnace; d: primary collection: cutting the straw pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace into tar at high temperature; e: secondary collection: indirectly cooling and collecting the straw pyrolysis gas after tar splitting to obtain a straw extracting solution; f: and (4) gas. The straw recycling device changes the concept of a single straw utilization mode, realizes the resource utilization of straws in the forms of various products such as fertilizer, straw carbon, combustible gas, pyrolysis oil and the like, and can integrate the coarse crushing process and the fine crushing process of the straws into a whole by the crushing machine, thereby avoiding the frequent operation of transferring the straws from the crushing mechanism to the crushing mechanism and improving the working efficiency.

Description

Process method for comprehensively utilizing straws

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field related to straw treatment, in particular to a process method for comprehensively utilizing straws.

Background

The straw is a general term of the stem and leaf parts of mature crops. Generally refers to the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other crops after harvesting the seeds. More than half of the products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, and the straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, are multipurpose renewable biological resources, and are also coarse feed. It features high coarse fibre content and lignin content. Although the lignocellulose cannot be utilized by pigs and chickens, the lignocellulose can be absorbed and utilized by livestock such as ruminants, cattle and sheep. However, the use of chemical fertilizers greatly reduces the agricultural demand for fertilizers made from straws, and the treatment of straws becomes a difficult problem.

The smoke and dust that straw direct incineration produced forms the haze easily, causes environmental pollution, and straw incineration is the chronic disease of environmental pollution always. The straw is changed into organic fertilizer (solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer) and fuel gas to be subjected to full resource utilization, so that the method becomes an effective comprehensive straw resource method.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a process for comprehensive utilization of straw to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a process method for comprehensively utilizing straws, and solves the problems of environmental pollution and straw resource waste caused by straw burning.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a process method for comprehensively utilizing straws comprises the following steps:

a: preparing materials: placing light rays on the harvested biological straws, and naturally airing the ventilated parts;

b: crushing: feeding the aired straws into a crusher for coarse crushing, and further finely crushing a part of the coarsely crushed straws to be used as a raw material for preparing humus through aerobic fermentation;

c: pyrolysis: feeding the coarsely crushed straws into a pyrolysis furnace, carrying out external heating decomposition in an air-isolated manner, and carrying out pyrolysis on the straws to obtain straw carbon and straw pyrolysis gas;

d: primary collection: cutting tar from straw pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace at high temperature to serve as a raw material for further preparing fuel oil;

e: secondary collection: and (3) indirectly cooling and collecting the straw pyrolysis gas after tar splitting to obtain a straw extract which is used as a raw material for preparing the liquid organic fertilizer by modification.

F: gas combustion: purifying the residual large amount of pyrolysis gas, wherein one part of the pyrolysis gas enters a hot blast stove of a pyrolysis furnace and is used as fuel in the pyrolysis process; the rest combustible gas is used as clean gas.

Optionally, the biological straw in the step a is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, cotton straw, rice straw and rape straw.

Optionally, the water content of the naturally aired biological straw in the step a is not more than 15%.

Optionally, the straws in the step B are coarsely crushed into small sections with the length of below 120mm, and are finely crushed into fine powder with the length of below 2 mm.

Optionally, in the step C, the straw carbon is crushed and then added with an organic fertilizer to be mixed to produce a carbon-based fertilizer, and the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is as follows: the pyrolysis time is 20-60 min at 380-500 ℃.

Optionally, the pulverizer comprises a pulverizer and a base, the pulverizer is fixedly connected to the top end of the base, wheels are installed at the bottom of the base, a pulverizing motor is fixedly connected to one end of the top of the pulverizer, a feeding funnel is fixedly connected to the other end of the top of the pulverizer, a coarse discharging pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the pulverizer, a fine discharging pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the pulverizer, a pulverizing shaft is arranged at the middle of the pulverizer, the top end of the pulverizing shaft penetrates through the pulverizer and is fixedly connected with a first bevel gear, a partition board is movably connected to the outer side of the middle of the pulverizing shaft, the edge of the partition board is fixedly connected with the pulverizer, the partition board divides the pulverizer into a pulverizing chamber and a pulverizing chamber, a through hole is formed at one end of the partition board, a filter screen is arranged in the through hole, and a, the lower half part of the crushing shaft is fixedly connected with a crushing knife.

Optionally, broken sword is located crushing chamber, smash the sword and be located crushing chamber, broken sword and crushing sword all have a plurality ofly, and are a plurality of broken sword and crushing sword are the heliciform and distribute, the width of broken sword is greater than the width of smashing the sword, the quantity of smashing the sword is greater than the quantity of broken sword.

Optionally, the pulverizer and the partition plate are both rotatably connected with the pulverizing shaft through a bearing, a second bevel gear is fixedly connected to a shaft of the pulverizing motor, and the second bevel gear is in meshed connection with the first bevel gear.

Optionally, the pan feeding funnel is linked together with the crushing room, the thick row of material pipe is linked together with the bottom of crushing room, the thin row of material pipe is linked together with the bottom of smashing the room, all be equipped with the valve in thick row of material pipe and the thin row of material pipe.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a process method for comprehensively utilizing straws, which has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention changes the concept of single straw utilization mode and realizes the resource utilization of the straws in the forms of various products such as fertilizer, straw carbon, combustible gas, pyrolysis oil and the like.

(2) The straw powder is used as an auxiliary material for aerobic decomposition of other organic matters, so that the problems of high moisture, unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio, poor air permeability and the like of other organic matters are solved, and the straw carbon is used as an organic fertilizer raw material, so that the function of the organic fertilizer as a soil conditioner is improved.

(3) The combustible gas after the tar and the extracting solution are collected is purified to become clean regenerated gas, so that the problems that the straw gas is short in conveying distance, the tar affects the service life of instruments and valves and the like are solved.

(4) The crusher provided by the invention integrates the coarse crushing and fine crushing processes of the straws, not only can obtain the coarse crushed straws, but also can obtain the fine straw powder, thereby avoiding the frequent operation of transferring the straws from the crushing mechanism to the crushing mechanism, reducing the working difficulty and improving the working efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shredder of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pulverizer of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a pulverizer; 2. a machine base; 3. a wheel; 4. a grinding motor; 5. a feeding funnel; 6. a coarse discharge pipe; 7. a fine discharge pipe; 8. a crushing shaft; 9. a first bevel gear; 10. a second bevel gear; 11. a partition plate; 12. a through hole; 13. filtering with a screen; 14. a crushing knife; 15. a crushing knife; 16. and a bearing.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected or detachably connected; may be a mechanical connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a solution:

a: preparing materials: the harvested biological straws are placed with light and the ventilated part is naturally aired, the biological straws are one or more of corn straws, wheat straws, sorghum straws, cotton straws, rice straws and rape straws, and the water content of the naturally aired biological straws is 15%.

B: crushing: feeding the aired straws into a crusher for coarse crushing, further finely crushing a part of the coarsely crushed straws to be used as a raw material for preparing humus by aerobic fermentation, coarsely crushing the straws into small sections with the length of 120mm, and finely crushing the small sections into fine powder with the length of 2 mm;

c: pyrolysis: put into the pyrolysis oven with coarse crushing straw, carry out isolated air's external heating and decompose, obtain straw carbon and straw pyrolysis gas after the straw pyrolysis, straw carbon is used for smashing the back and adds the mixed production carbon base fertilizer of fertilizer, and the temperature in the pyrolysis oven is: the pyrolysis time is 20min at 500 ℃;

As an optional technical scheme of the invention:

the pulverizer consists of a pulverizer 1 and a base 2, the pulverizer 1 is fixedly connected to the top end of the base 2, wheels 3 are installed at the bottom of the base 2, the pulverizer is convenient to move by arranging the wheels 3, a pulverizing motor 4 is fixedly connected to one end of the top of the pulverizer 1, a feeding funnel 5 is fixedly connected to the other end of the top of the pulverizer 1, a coarse discharging pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the pulverizer 1, a fine discharging pipe 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the pulverizer 1, a pulverizing shaft 8 is arranged in the middle of the pulverizer 1, the top end of the pulverizing shaft 8 penetrates through the pulverizer 1 and is fixedly connected with a first bevel gear 9, a partition plate 11 is movably connected to the outer side of the middle of the pulverizing shaft 8, the pulverizer 1 and the partition plate 11 are rotatably connected with the pulverizing shaft 8 through bearings 16, a second bevel gear 10 is fixedly connected to the shaft of the pulverizing motor 4, the edge of a partition board 11 is fixedly connected with a pulverizer 1, the pulverizer 1 is divided into a crushing chamber and a crushing chamber by the partition board 11, a feeding funnel 5 is communicated with the crushing chamber, a coarse discharging pipe 6 is communicated with the bottom end of the crushing chamber, a fine discharging pipe 7 is communicated with the bottom end of the crushing chamber, valves are arranged in the coarse discharging pipe 6 and the fine discharging pipe 7, one end of the partition board 11 is provided with a through hole 12, a filter screen 13 is arranged in the through hole 12, the upper half part of a crushing shaft 8 is fixedly connected with a crushing knife 14, the lower half part of the crushing shaft 8 is fixedly connected with a crushing knife 15, the crushing knife 14 is positioned in the crushing chamber, the crushing knife 15 is positioned in the crushing chamber, the crushing knives 14 and the crushing knives 15 are both provided with a plurality of parts, the plurality of crushing knives 14 and the crushing knives 15 are spirally distributed, the width of the crushing knife 14 is larger than that of the crushing knife 15, the number of the crushing knives 15 is larger than, can obtain thick straw, can obtain the straw powder again, avoid frequently transferring the operation of straw to rubbing crusher structure from rubbing crusher structure, reduce the work degree of difficulty, improve work efficiency.

The working principle is as follows: during operation, straws enter the crusher 1 from the feeding hopper 5, the straws fall into the crushing chamber, then the crushing motor 4 is started, the crushing motor 4 drives the first bevel gear 9 to rotate through the second bevel gear 10, the first bevel gear 9 drives the crushing knife 14 and the crushing knife 15 to rotate through the crushing shaft 8, the crushing knife 14 crushes structures in the crushing chamber, part of crushed straws can pass through the filter screen 13 to enter the crushing chamber and are crushed by the crushing knife 15, and when the straws are taken, the crushing motor 4 is closed, and valves in the coarse discharge pipe 6 and the fine discharge pipe 7 are respectively opened to take the straws.

In summary, the following steps: the straw comprehensive utilization process method changes the concept of a single straw utilization mode, realizes resource utilization of straws in multiple product forms of fertilizers, straw carbon, combustible gas, pyrolysis oil and the like, takes straw powder as an auxiliary material for aerobic decomposition of other organic matters, solves the problems of high moisture content, unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio, poor air permeability and the like of other organic matters, takes the straw carbon as an organic fertilizer raw material, improves the function of the organic fertilizer as a soil conditioner, and purifies combustible gas after decoking and extracting solution collection to form clean regenerated gas, thereby solving the problems that the conveying distance of the straw gas is short, and tar affects the service life of instruments and valves.

It is noted that in the present disclosure, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be directly contacted with the first and second features, or indirectly contacted with the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A process method for comprehensively utilizing straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:

b: crushing: placing all the aired straws into a crusher for coarse crushing, and further finely crushing a part of the coarsely crushed straws to be used as a raw material for preparing humus through aerobic fermentation;

2. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the biological straw in the step A is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, cotton straw, rice straw and rape straw.

3. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

and B, the water content of the naturally aired biological straw in the step A is not more than 15%.

4. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

and C, coarsely crushing the straws in the step B into small sections with the length of below 120mm, and finely crushing the small sections into fine powder with the length of below 2 mm.

5. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

c, crushing straw carbon, and adding an organic fertilizer to produce a carbon-based fertilizer; the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is as follows: the pyrolysis time is 20-60 min at 380-500 ℃.

6. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the pulverizer comprises a pulverizer (1) and a base (2), wherein the pulverizer (1) is fixedly connected to the top end of the base (2), wheels (3) are installed at the bottom of the base (2), a pulverizing motor (4) is fixedly connected to one end of the top of the pulverizer (1), a feeding funnel (5) is fixedly connected to the other end of the top of the pulverizer (1), a coarse discharging pipe (6) is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the pulverizer (1), a fine discharging pipe (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the pulverizer (1), a pulverizing shaft (8) is arranged in the middle of the pulverizer (1), a first bevel gear (9) is fixedly connected to the top end of the pulverizing shaft (8) in a penetrating mode through the pulverizer (1), a partition plate (11) is movably connected to the outer side of the middle of the pulverizing shaft (8), and the edge of the partition plate (11) is fixedly connected with the pulverizer (1), baffle (11) are separated rubbing crusher (1) for broken room and crushing room, through-hole (12) have been seted up to the one end of baffle (11), be equipped with filter screen (13) in through-hole (12), crushing sword (14) of the first half fixedly connected with of crushing axle (8), crushing sword (15) of the latter half fixedly connected with of crushing axle (8).

7. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that:

broken sword (14) are located crushing chamber, smash sword (15) and be located crushing chamber, broken sword (14) and crushing sword (15) all have a plurality ofly, and are a plurality of broken sword (14) and crushing sword (15) are the heliciform and distribute, the width of broken sword (14) is greater than the width of smashing sword (15), the quantity of smashing sword (15) is greater than the quantity of broken sword (14).

8. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that:

the pulverizer (1) and the partition plate (11) are rotationally connected with a pulverizing shaft (8) through a bearing (16), a second bevel gear (10) is fixedly connected to a shaft of the pulverizing motor (4), and the second bevel gear (10) is meshed with the first bevel gear (9).

9. The process method for comprehensively utilizing straws as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that:

pan feeding funnel (5) are linked together with the crushing room, the row of thick material pipe (6) is linked together with the bottom of crushing room, the row of thin material pipe (7) is linked together with the bottom of crushing room, all be equipped with the valve in row of thick material pipe (6) and the thin row of material pipe (7).