CN216973443U - Gravel soil slope ecological remediation structural system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gravel soil side slope ecological restoration structural system. The side slope of the gravel soil side slope ecological restoration structure system is divided into an upper area, a middle area and a lower area from top to bottom; a cushion layer and a spray seeding surface layer are sequentially arranged on the slope surface of the upper area from the original ground line to the outside; a drainage ditch which is transversely arranged and a plurality of holes are formed in the slope surface of the middle area, and the holes are used for planting nursery stocks; a boulder accumulation layer and a plant growth bag layer are sequentially arranged on the slope surface of the lower area from the original ground line to the outside, and the plant growth bag layer is used for planting vines and shrubs; the toe of the lower region is provided with a transverse retaining wall. The utility model solves the problems of difficult construction and slow effect of repairing the high and steep slope.

Description

Gravel soil slope ecological remediation structural system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a gravel soil side slope ecological restoration structural system, and belongs to the field of side slope greening and ecological restoration.

Background

The slag adhering side slope is characterized in that earth and stone backfilled when no shielding measures are taken on the downstream side roll off disorderly along the mountain body to form large-area yellow massive and strip-shaped non-point source pollution, commonly called yellow rhinorrhea, and the concrete expression is that the stone slag is hung on the mountain body, the stability of the slag adhering side slope is extremely poor, the thickness of the slag adhering body is 0.5-2m, the length of the slag adhering body is 50-200 m, and secondary water and soil loss is generated under rainfall and artificial disturbance, so that the influence on the surrounding ecological environment is huge. One of the characteristics of the slag adhering side slope is poor stability, the slope treatment developed and researched at present in China is dispersed, a restoration system is not formed, and the method is single, has huge cost and is difficult to popularize.

The chinese invention patent CN102444134B discloses a slope protection method based on a slope with a soil layer at the upper part and a rock layer at the lower part, which is applicable to a common filling slope with a gentle slope and is in a stable state after being manually filled and compacted. Therefore, the measure system of CN102444134B is only suitable for ordinary fill slopes, and cannot solve high and steep slag-adhering slopes.

The Chinese patent application CN110622643A discloses an ecological restoration method for rock slopes in high-latitude severe cold areas, which is suitable for excavation slopes of rock quality, and the slopes are characterized in that the conditions of the ground are poor and steep, but the slopes are in a stable state, and slope fixing measures are not needed. Meanwhile, the measures of CN110622643A are mainly measures such as slope plant-growing holes, slope granule spray seeding and the like, the cost of the measures is very high, huge engineering cost is caused by large-area use, a spray seeding and punching machine needs to excavate a construction road and an operation platform, and secondary excavation disturbs the earth surface to generate water and soil loss. Therefore, the CN110622643A measure system is only suitable for rock excavation slopes and cannot solve high and steep slag-adhering slopes.

The chinese utility model patent CN214169088U discloses a be applied to ecological prosthetic liana afforestation structure of high steep rock matter side slope, be applicable to the excavation side slope of rock matter, the characteristics of this type of side slope are that the condition is poor, abrupt and straight immediately on standing the ground, but the side slope is steady state, need not to take solid slope measure. Meanwhile, the CN214169088U patent measures are mainly a method for planting liana by cutting liana with plant growth bags transversely arranged on a slope surface and planting a liana greening side slope with a climbing net arranged on the slope surface, the side slope mainly takes liana as a main part, the plant measures are selected singly, the greening effect is poor, the slope surface punching construction difficulty is large, and the cost is high. Therefore, the CN214169088U measure system is only suitable for rock excavation slopes and cannot solve high and steep slag-adhering slopes (filling slopes).

Slopes greater than 45 degrees and greater than 20 meters are referred to in the industry as high steep slopes.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide an ecological restoration structural system for a gravel soil slope, which can effectively solve the problems of difficult construction, slow effect and the like of a high and steep slope.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:

a rubble soil slope ecological restoration structural system is structurally characterized in that a slope is divided into an upper area, a middle area and a lower area from top to bottom;

a cushion layer and a spray seeding surface layer are sequentially arranged on the slope surface of the upper area from the original ground line to the outside;

a drainage ditch and a plurality of holes which are transversely arranged are formed on the slope surface of the middle area, and nursery stocks are planted in the holes;

a large stone accumulation layer and a plant growth bag layer are sequentially arranged on the slope surface of the lower area from the original ground line to the outside, and the plant growth bag layer is used for planting vines and shrubs;

and a retaining wall transversely arranged is arranged at the toe of the lower region.

The design difficulty of the utility model is that the high and steep rubble side slope is long and unstable, and can not be disturbed twice by machinery.

According to the embodiment of the utility model, the utility model can be further optimized, and the following is the technical scheme formed after optimization:

for a slope with the gradient larger than 70 degrees, the cushion layer is a reinforced microphone cushion, and the reinforced microphone cushion is anchored in the upper area through an anchor rod extending into the original ground line. Preferably, the thickness of the spray seeding surface layer is at least 8 cm.

For the side slope with the gradient below 70 degrees, the cushion layer is a hanging net, and the hanging net is anchored in the upper area through an anchor rod or an anchor nail extending into the original ground line. Preferably, the thickness of the spray seeding surface layer is at least 6 cm.

In a preferred embodiment, the number of said cavities is between 20 and 25 per square meter.

In a preferred embodiment, the depth of the cavity is at least 8 cm.

In one preferred embodiment, the retaining wall is a grouted stone retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of the slope is greater than 20m and the slope is greater than 45 degrees. Preferably, the side slope has a length of 50m to 200 m.

Therefore, the utility model follows the basic principles of local conditions, mature and reliable technology, economy and reasonability, convenient maintenance and the like, and provides a comprehensive ecological restoration system according to the length, gradient, height, stability and the like of the slag-adhering side slope, namely, engineering measures are adopted to fix the slope, and different vegetation restoration measures are creatively adopted on the basis of stabilizing a physical base to prevent and control the water and soil loss of the slope.

When ecological restoration is carried out on a high and steep rubble soil slope, the method mainly comprises the following steps:

s1, dividing the slope into an upper area, a middle area and a lower area from top to bottom;

for the upper region:

if the slope gradient is more than 70 degrees, adopting the measures of embedding a reinforced microphone pad and an anchor rod to fix the slope to form a stable ecological greening base, and then spraying a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub seeds and grass seeds; the spraying thickness is not less than 8 cm;

if the slope gradient of the upper region is below 70 degrees, recovering vegetation by adopting a net hanging spray seeding and anchoring mode, and then spray seeding a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub seeds and grass seeds; the spraying thickness is not less than 6 cm;

adopting a retaining and protecting measure for the middle area to fix the slope, and meanwhile, transversely arranging a drainage ditch to intercept the water on the slope surface; then improving the standing conditions of the side slope in the area, and planting vegetation after opening holes in a hole-shaped land preparation mode;

firstly, a blocking and protecting measure is arranged in the lower area, and a grouted stone retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall is arranged by utilizing the existing large stones, so that the stability of the broken stone side slope is ensured; after leveling, ecological bags and vine plants are arranged in the lower area, and trees and shrubs are planted on the retaining wall platform.

S2, after finishing the slope renovation, covering non-woven fabrics for protection, watering, and performing additional fertilization and reseeding according to the plant growth condition at the later stage.

In one preferred embodiment, the vegetation in the middle area is planted by two schemes, one scheme is to directly plant the shrubs and grass in the holes to recover the vegetation, and the construction method comprises the following steps: planting soil and organic fertilizer in the holes, then sowing shrub seeds and grass seeds, sowing 6-8 shrub seeds in one planting hole, sowing 40-60 grass seeds, irrigating grass and sowing in a mixed manner, then planting soil, loosening soil and covering a sun screen; and another is planting bagged seedlings in the holes, transplanting the seedlings into the planting holes after the bagged seedlings grow to at least 4cm, and then backfilling the planting holes to be smooth.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. the utility model adopts a reinforced microphone pad, an ecological bag, ecological anchors and the like to construct an ecological physical substrate, ensures the stability of the broken stone side slope, prevents water and soil loss, adopts a proper side slope greening scheme according to the characteristics of the side slope on the basis, restores the destroyed ecology of the side slope and provides the coverage rate of forest and grass;

2. the utility model provides a comprehensive broken stone slope ecological restoration system, wherein a reinforced microphone pad and an anchor rod are adopted in the upper area to fix a slope, and vegetation is restored by adopting a spray-seeding greening mode; in the middle area, retaining wall slope protection and drainage ditch are adopted to cut off water catchment and guide flow, so that water catchment scouring is reduced, soil conditions are improved manually, and vegetation is restored by adopting hole sowing and hole planting grass irrigation; and adopting a retaining and protecting measure to stabilize the broken stone slope in the lower area, and recovering the vegetation in the disturbed area by adopting the modes of ecological bags, vine stocks, shrubs and trees on the basis. The ecological restoration system is suitable for the gravel side slopes with various slopes and lithology.

3. The utility model constructs a simple bagged seedling greening scheme capable of being applied in large scale, wherein a degradable non-woven fabric mechanism nutrition bag (with the diameter of 5cm and the height of 8 cm) is used, organic fertilizer, nutrient soil, compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent, winter thatch, pigeon pea, magnolia multiflora and other grass-filling seeds are filled in the bag, seedling cultivation is carried out in an area with better climatic conditions, after the bag seedlings grow to 5cm, the bag seedlings are moved to a side slope area for hardening seedlings, and then the bag seedlings are planted in planting holes. The method has the characteristics of greening effect, low manufacturing cost, convenience for construction of constructors and the like, and has large-scale application.

In a word, the technology is mainly suitable for ecological restoration and water and soil loss prevention of the high steep gravel filling side slope, and the self-restoration of the ecological system of the high steep gravel side slope is realized by constructing an ecological physical substrate and adopting scientific vegetation restoration measures.

Compared with CN102444134B, CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the utility model is a comprehensive remediation and ecological restoration mode for high and steep slag-bearing side slopes. In addition, the utility model provides a set of comprehensive treatment system for the slag adhering side slope formed by excavation of wind power plants, traffic road construction and the like, and the comprehensive treatment system is mainly used for evaluating the stability of the slag adhering side slope, fixing slope measures (retaining walls, gabion retaining walls, embedded three-dimensional nets, reinforced microphone mats and the like), land improvement measures (covering soil, improving the land in a standing mode, preparing soil in a cave shape), vegetation recovery measures (adopting the steps of foreign soil spray seeding, net spray seeding, manual hole seeding, manual drilling, vine planting, arbor and shrub planting, later-stage management and protection measures (covering non-woven fabrics, watering and maintaining, replanting and the like) according to the conditions of side slope height, slope soil property, lithology, construction difficulty and the like).

Compared with CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the method improves the conditions of the field, adopts measures such as soil dressing spray seeding, hole seeding, drill seeding, tree and shrub planting and the like, utilizes the root system of the plant to fix the slope, utilizes the stem and leaf of the plant to cut off rainwater, and strictly forbids the water and soil loss caused by flushing the slope. Compared with CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the technology of the utility model has stronger applicability, does not need to be provided with a large-area construction channel and a large-area construction operation surface, and can meet the requirement of green restoration through manual operation.

Compared with CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the comprehensive measure system of the utility model can fundamentally solve the problems of stability and vegetation recovery of the high and steep slag-adhering side slope, and has the advantages of low used technical cost, small working surface and no water and soil loss caused by secondary excavation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a down-grade cross-section of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A (a rough view of a masonry retaining wall);

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of bunch planting grass to recover vegetation in the upper or middle area of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A (a substantial view of the gabion retaining wall);

FIG. 5 is a view showing the greening of the plant growth bag shown in FIG. 1.

In the figure

1-upper region; 2-a middle region; 3-lower region;

11-a cushion layer; 12-surface layer; 13-shrubs or herbs;

21-cushion layer; 22-surface layer; 23-shrubs or herbs; 24-point;

31-boulder; 32-cutting shrubs; 33-cutting rattan wood; 34-plant growing bag;

100-original ground line; 200-pavement; 300-retaining wall.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

As shown in fig. 1, the high and steep rubble slope ecological restoration system of this embodiment adopts earlier slope fixation, improves soil, and is mainly artificial green restoration, selects suitable water and soil conservation measures for use, specifically includes:

1. slope grading

The slope is divided into 3 parts of an upper area, a middle area and a lower area according to the slope length, the height and the lithology of the slope, and the slope is 200m long.

The upper region has steepest side slope, thinnest soil layer and worst ground conditions, and the measures of general grass sowing (hole sowing) grass irrigation, soil dressing spray sowing, grass planting and irrigation and the like in the region cannot meet the growth requirement of the vegetation.

The middle area is the area with the longest side slope and thicker soil layer accumulation, and the like, the slope is unstable in the area, but the three-dimensional condition is better, and the general spray-seeding lift cannot reach the area. On the basis of stabilizing the side slope and fixing the slope, measures such as land improvement, hole sowing and grass irrigation, thatch transplantation and the like are required to be taken to restore vegetation.

The lower region is generally a broken stone and lump stone accumulation region, the conditions are worst in the vertical condition, and the accumulation body is unstable. Adopting manual and mechanical treatment of block stones, setting a blocking and protecting measure, building a dry stone platform, and simultaneously adopting necessary vegetation recovery measures.

2. Regional vegetation measure

An upper region: for strongly weathered side slopes with slope slopes of more than 70 degrees, measures of embedding a reinforced microphone pad and an anchor rod are adopted to fix the side slopes to form a stable ecological greening base, then spraying and planting greening is carried out, a matrix is generally sprayed and planted for 1-2 times, then a surface layer is sprayed and planted, the surface layer contains shrub grass seeds, shrubs are generally selected from pigeon pea, magnolia multiflora, amorpha fruticosa, locust tree, lespedeza bicolor and the like, and herbs are generally selected from bermuda grass, cogongrass, broadleaf grass, festuca arundinacea, trifolium pratense and the like. The spraying thickness is not less than 8 cm.

And for the side slope with the gradient below 70 degrees, recovering the vegetation by adopting a net hanging spray seeding and anchoring mode. The net sheet is generally selected from ecological coconut palm fiber net and three-dimensional net, and is fixed to the undisturbed slope surface by anchor rods and anchors after being buried. Then spray-seeding for greening, generally spray-seeding matrix for 1-2 times, then spray-seeding surface layer, the surface layer contains shrub seeds, shrub generally selects cajanus cajan, magnolia multiflora, amorpha fruticosa, robinia pseudoacacia, lespedeza bicolor and the like, and the herb generally selects bermuda grass, east couchgrass, broad-leaved grasses, tall fescue, white clover and the like. The spraying thickness is not less than 6 cm.

The middle area: the soil layer in the area is thick, but the slope stability is poor. Firstly, a retaining and protecting measure is adopted to fix a slope, and meanwhile, a drainage ditch is transversely arranged to intercept slope catchment, so that large-area soil erosion caused by the fact that the slope catchment scours an exposed slope is prevented. On the basis of adopting diversion, drainage and slope fixing, the vertical conditions of the side slope in the area are improved, a hole-shaped land preparation mode is adopted, holes are dug in each square meter of the side slope and are controlled according to 20-25, and the hole depth is 10 cm. After the soil preparation is finished, two schemes are adopted for vegetation planting, one scheme is to directly dibble the grass in the holes to recover the vegetation, and the construction method comprises the following steps: artificially covering planting soil and organic fertilizer in the holes, then broadcasting and sowing shrub seeds, selecting magnolia multiflora, semen cassiae ochracea and fava, selecting trifoliate gloriosa and tall fescue as the shrubs, broadcasting and sowing 50 grass seeds in one planting hole, irrigating grass and sowing in a mixed manner, then covering the planting soil, loosening the soil and covering a sun screen. And another method is planting bagged seedlings in holes, the bagged seedlings can be simply manufactured and are generally cultivated in places with good climatic conditions, the bagged seedlings are transplanted into the planting holes after growing to about 5cm, and the planting holes are filled back and leveled.

In the present embodiment, both the upper region and the middle region are finally restored to the shrubbery land, but the restoration means is different. The upper area is recovered by adopting a spray-seeding mode, and the spray-seeding mode is to irrigate grass seeds. And the middle area adopts a dibbling (hole sowing) mode to recover the vegetation.

Lower region: the lower region is formed by rolled broken stones and stones, and the stability is poor. Firstly, manual and mechanical blocking and protecting measures are adopted, and the existing stone blocks are used for arranging a grouted retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall and a dry retaining wall to ensure the stability of the broken stone side slope. Generally, the retaining wall protection slope can be built by laying multi-stage dry masonry. After the leveling is finished, the ecological bag is transversely arranged, vine plants such as climbing vines, ivy vines, mucuna vines and kudzu vines are planted for greening, and arbor and shrubs can be planted on the dry stone platform. Artificially and properly replanting such root-developed plants as couch grass, moso bamboo, pig dung bean and the like.

The grouted stone retaining wall has the same function as a gabion retaining wall and can be replaced, and the general grouted stone retaining wall is more.

Maintenance and management: after finishing the stone breaking slope treatment, the non-woven fabric is covered for protection, and the effects of heat preservation, moisture preservation and wind prevention are achieved. Watering manually for 2 times a day; and in the later period, according to the growth condition of plants, top dressing and reseeding are carried out, and the coverage rate of forest and grass is improved.

The above examples are set forth so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will not limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A rubble soil slope ecological restoration structural system is characterized in that a slope is divided into an upper area (1), a middle area (2) and a lower area (3) from top to bottom;

a cushion layer and a spray seeding surface layer are sequentially arranged on the slope surface of the upper region (1) from the original ground line (100) to the outside;

a drainage ditch transversely arranged and a plurality of holes (24) are formed on the slope surface of the middle area (2), and nursery stocks are planted in the holes (24);

a boulder accumulation layer and a plant growth bag layer are sequentially arranged on the slope surface of the lower region (3) from the original ground line (100) to the outside, and the plant growth bag layer is used for planting vines and shrubs;

and a retaining wall (300) transversely arranged is arranged at the toe of the lower region (3).

2. The ecological restoration structural system for gravel soil side slopes of claim 1, wherein for slopes having a slope greater than 70 degrees, the cushion layer is a reinforced microphone cushion anchored in the upper zone (1) by an anchor rod extending into the original ground line (100).

3. The gravelly soil slope ecological restoration structure system according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the spray seeding surface layer is at least 8 cm.

4. The ecological restoration structural system for rubble soil slopes according to claim 1, wherein for slopes with a slope of 70 degrees or less, the bedding layer is a hanging net anchored in the upper region (1) by anchor rods or bolts extending into the original ground line (100).

5. The gravelly soil slope ecological restoration structural system according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the spray seeding surface layer is at least 6 cm.

6. The gravelly soil slope ecological restoration structure system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of the holes (24) is 20-25/m.

7. The gravelly soil slope ecological restoration structural system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the depth of the cavity (24) is at least 8 cm.

8. The gravelly soil slope ecological restoration structural system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the retaining wall (300) is a grouted masonry retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall.

9. The gravelly soil side slope ecological restoration structural system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the side slope length is more than 20m and the slope is more than 45 degrees.

10. The gravelly soil slope ecological restoration structural system according to claim 9, wherein the slope length is 50m-200 m.

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