CN215480629U - Laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improvement compost - Google Patents
Laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improvement compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN215480629U CN215480629U CN202121681205.2U CN202121681205U CN215480629U CN 215480629 U CN215480629 U CN 215480629U CN 202121681205 U CN202121681205 U CN 202121681205U CN 215480629 U CN215480629 U CN 215480629U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improvement compost, which mainly comprises: the composting chamber is used for placing and reacting compost; the stirrer is arranged in the composting chamber, is driven by a driving motor and is used for stirring and aerating materials; the slideway is arranged in the composting chamber and is used for adjusting and fixing the height of the stirrer; the feeding hole is arranged at the top of the composting chamber and is used for feeding compost; a discharge opening arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the composting chamber; a plurality of compost body temperature measuring holes arranged on the side wall of the composting chamber; a fixable bracket with wheels arranged at the bottom of the composting chamber. The device takes common materials as raw materials, has strong operability, simple operation steps and easy implementation, and can solve the problem that a large amount of land or construction land is occupied and polluted in the composting process.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improvement composting.
Background
Animal husbandry production accounts for nearly half of the global agricultural economy of the current time and is an important source of animal food such as meat, milk, eggs and the like which are necessary for daily life of people. With the development of regionalization, scale-up and intensification of agriculture and livestock industry, a large amount of agricultural wastes and residues are generated, and a series of ecological environmental problems including threat to human health caused by the agricultural wastes and the residues are gradually highlighted, such as water eutrophication, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia gas and other gases, and the like. Animal husbandry production has been reported to be one of the three major factors of the current environmental problem.
Currently, many developed countries have good regulations on agricultural ecological environment to keep agricultural production stable. However, many developing countries such as china and india still face the challenge of environmental pollution caused by large-scale industrial livestock breeding transformation.
Composting refers to the process of solid state fermentation mediated by aerobic and thermophilic microorganisms by stacking livestock and poultry manure and auxiliary materials according to a certain proportion under the condition of artificial control and adjusting parameters such as C/N ratio, water content, pH and the like. In the process, different organic substances are converted into more stable humic compounds, namely, organic fertilizers are generated while the livestock and poultry manure is decomposed and cured. Practice proves that a proper amount of livestock and poultry manure compost products are applied to the farmland, so that the application amount of the fertilizer can be effectively reduced, the burden of farmers is relieved, the organic matter content in the farmland can be increased, the fertility is improved, the weight is reduced, the effect is increased, and meanwhile the sustainable utilization of the farmland is realized. Therefore, the high-temperature aerobic composting is one of the most economical and feasible methods for producing the organic fertilizer by resource utilization of agricultural wastes, realizes the regeneration and cyclic utilization of internal substances of an agricultural ecological system, simultaneously replaces chemical fertilizers with compost organic products to meet the requirement of zero increase of the using amount of the chemical fertilizers, and can effectively kill harmful microorganisms and weed seeds in livestock and poultry manure.
The aerobic composting fermentation experimental device for the existing laboratory is a fixed model and a fixed size which are provided with an intelligent system and are produced in a factory, the manufacturing cost is high, and the function is single.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improvement composting. The utility model discloses a device can also add according to the experimental demand and establish other devices in order to satisfy the experimental requirement when accomplishing low-cost, convenient, effectual carry out the laboratory compost.
The purpose of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improvement compost mainly comprises: a composting chamber, i.e. a reaction device body, for placing and reacting the compost; the stirrer is arranged in the composting chamber, is driven by a driving motor and is used for stirring and aerating materials; the slideway is arranged in the composting chamber and is used for adjusting and fixing the height of the stirrer; the feeding hole is arranged at the top of the composting chamber and is used for feeding compost; the discharge opening is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the composting chamber and is used for discharging compost; a plurality of compost body temperature measuring holes arranged on the side wall of the composting chamber; a fixable bracket with wheels arranged at the bottom of the composting chamber.
The composting chamber is a main body of the reaction device, and compost is placed in the reaction device for reaction; the composting chamber is indefinite in shape, and can be a cylindrical tank body, or a cuboid or a cube; the material is stainless steel, organic glass, etc.
Preferably, the composting chamber is cube shaped.
More preferably, the cube size is 80cm by 80 cm.
As the preferred technical scheme of this application, when the compost room is the cube, each panel of compost room side is articulated or fixed connection, the slide is located the inboard of 4 upright sides in compost room, and the agitator is installed on diagonal limit slide.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the size of the feed opening is determined as needed, and the entire top of the composting chamber may be the feed opening, or the top cover may be opened to serve as the feed opening.
As a preferable technical scheme of the application, the bottom of the composting chamber is provided with uniformly distributed ventilation openings.
Preferably, the vent is circular.
More preferably, the vent diameter is 0.5 cm.
As the preferable technical scheme of the application, the discharge opening is provided with a baffle.
Preferably, the baffle adopts a drawing type or a hinge connection mode.
As the preferable technical scheme of the application, the stack body temperature measuring hole is a seal with a self-sealing function.
Preferably, the number of the stack temperature measuring holes is 3.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the composting chamber is also matched with an ammonia gas collecting device and a nitrous oxide collecting device, and is used for monitoring and evaluating the gaseous loss of the N element (ammonia gas, nitrous oxide and the like) in the composting process in real time.
As the preferable technical scheme of the application, the ammonia gas collecting device comprises an annular groove base and a cylinder cover, wherein the side wall of the cylinder cover is arranged between grooves and is matched with the base; and an exhaust port is arranged at the top of the cylinder cover.
Preferably, a pressure sensor for monitoring air pressure is further arranged in the ammonia gas collecting device, and the exhaust port is associated with the pressure sensor. When the pressure in the device reaches the set pressure, the exhaust port is opened to balance the air pressure.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the inner diameter of the base is 18cm, the outer diameter of the base is 22cm, and the depth of the groove is 3 cm.
Preferably, the cylinder is 30cm high and 20cm in diameter.
More preferably, the material of the cylinder is transparent polymethyl methacrylate.
As the preferred technical scheme of this application, nitrous oxide collection device comprises a square groove base and cuboid cylinder, be equipped with a sampling connection who has from the sealing plug on the cuboid cylinder.
As the preferred technical scheme of this application, recess base and cuboid cylinder all are the PVC material.
Preferably, the height of the base is 8 cm; the length, width and height of the cuboid cylinder are 20cm, 20cm and 30cm respectively.
Advantageous effects
The application provides a pair of laboratory simulation reaction unit for saline and alkaline land improvement compost compares with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1. the device takes common materials as raw materials, and has strong operability, simple operation steps and easy implementation.
2. The ammonia gas collecting device and the nitrous oxide collecting device are matched, so that the gas loss containing N elements in the composting process can be monitored in real time conveniently.
3. The method is suitable for high-temperature aerobic composting of various materials, can control pile turning by adjusting the stirrer, and saves the cost of manual pile turning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ammonia gas collecting apparatus of the present invention as a whole;
FIG. 3 is a disassembled view of the ammonia gas collecting device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a nitrous oxide collection device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a disassembled view of the nitrous oxide collection device of FIG. 4;
wherein, 1-a stirrer; 2-a discharge opening; 3-a stack temperature measuring hole; 4-an ammonia gas collecting device; a nitrous oxide 5-collecting device; 6-vessel; 7-stacking; 8-a composting chamber; 9-a scaffold; 10-cylinder cover; 11-a sampling port; 12-syringe.
Detailed Description
In order that the present invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the examples. The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a laboratory simulation reaction apparatus for improving compost in saline and alkaline land includes a compost chamber 8, i.e., a reaction apparatus main body, for placing and reacting compost; the composting chamber 8 is a cube, the side surfaces of the cube are panels, the panels are fixedly connected, the inner sides of 4 vertical side edges of the panels are provided with slideways for adjusting and fixing the stirrer 1, and the stirrer 1 is driven by a driving motor and is used for fully stirring and aerating materials; the top of the composting chamber 8 is provided with a feeding hole for feeding compost; the lower part of the side wall of the composting chamber 8 is provided with a discharge opening 2 for discharging compost, and the discharge opening 2 is provided with an embedded pull baffle; the side wall of the composting chamber 8 is also provided with a composting temperature measuring hole 3, and the bottom of the composting chamber 8 is provided with a fixable support 9 with wheels, so that the filling, the discharging and the moving of the device are facilitated.
The stirrer 1 can be detached and assembled at any time, the position of the stirrer on the diagonal side slide way can be adjusted according to needs during use, and the stirring speed and the stirring duration are controlled for fully stirring and aerating materials.
In another embodiment, the bottom of the composting chamber 8 is provided with uniformly distributed ventilation openings, the shapes of the ventilation openings are not fixed, such as circular, square, diamond and the like, the sizes of the ventilation openings can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as when the ventilation openings are circular, the diameters are set according to actual needs, and the diameters can be set to be 0.5cm, for example.
In another embodiment, the baffle can be hinged instead of the pull-out baffle.
In another embodiment, the size of the composting chamber 8 is determined according to the actual need, for example, it may be 80cm by 80 cm.
In another embodiment, the stack temperature measuring hole 3 has a seal with a self-sealing function.
Example 2
The other point is that the composting device is matched with an ammonia gas collecting device 4 and a nitrous oxide collecting device 5, and the gaseous loss of the N element (ammonia gas, nitrous oxide and the like) in the composting process can be monitored and evaluated in real time, which is the same as the embodiment 1.
The ammonia gas collecting device 4 consists of an annular groove base and a transparent polymethyl methacrylate (organic glass) cylinder cover 10, the side wall of which is arranged between the annular grooves and is matched with the base for use, wherein the thickness of the transparent polymethyl methacrylate (organic glass) cylinder cover is 0.5 cm; the cylinder cover is 30cm high and 20cm in diameter; the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the base are respectively 18cm and 22cm, and the height of the base is 8 cm; the top of the cylinder cover 10 is provided with an exhaust port to balance the air pressure; placing the ammonia gas collecting device 4 on the surface of the stacking material 7, and keeping the base, the stacking material surface and the ground parallel; injecting a water layer of 1-2 cm into the groove of the base (to ensure better sealing effect), and then inserting the cylinder cover 10 into the groove; and removing the water layer during each sampling, and then reestablishing water seal, wherein the absorption liquid in the ammonia gas collecting device 4 is boric acid solution placed in the vessel 6, and the boric acid solution is placed in the vessel 6 and then placed in the ammonia gas collecting device 4.
Wherein, the vessel 6 can be a glass beaker, a culture dish, a triangular flask and the like.
The nitrous oxide collecting device 5 is formed by welding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic sheets with the thickness of 0.5cm, and is manufactured into a square groove base and a rectangular PVC cylinder; the height of the base is 8 cm; the length, the width and the height of the PVC cylinder are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 30 cm; the cylinder is provided with a sampling port 11 with a self-sealing plug; injecting a water layer of 1-2 cm into the groove of the base (to ensure better sealing effect), and then inserting the PVC cylinder into the groove; the device is placed on the surface of the pile 7, keeping the base, the pile surface and the ground parallel.
Example 3
This example shows a specific application example of the laboratory simulation reaction device applied to saline-alkali soil improved composting in example 2, and the specific contents are as follows.
The test adopts the method of natural ventilation stacking and high-temperature aerobic fermentation. Control and three treatment groups were set, with 3 replicates per group. Firstly, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the normal operation method of a fertilizer plant (the wet weight ratio of the sheep manure to the mushroom residue is 9: 1). Then, rice hulls were added at a ratio of 15: 100. Thereafter, the compost mixture was divided into four large heaps (about 700kg per heap) for four treatments, and then pyrolyzed at 450 ℃ (B1), 550 ℃ (B2), and 650 ℃ (B3) to prepare biomass char. According to our previous study, biomass char was added to the compost mixture at a ratio of 35:100 (dry basis). After thorough mixing, each heap was divided into three smaller heaps and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The moisture content of the final mixture was maintained at 68% + -2% (w/w). Finally, the prepared compost material was loaded individually into the laboratory simulated reaction apparatus described above. The temperature of the heap at depths of 30 to 40cm was measured twice daily (9: 00-10:00 am and 3:00-4:00 pm) using three 60cm long red water thermometers. Furthermore, the control group without biomass char (B0) contained only the compost mixture (raw material + rice hulls). Starting the stirrer every 7 days (or when the temperature of the materials exceeds 75 ℃), and fully stirring and aerating the composting materials once.
At the beginning of composting, we placed a 250-mL glass beaker containing 50mL of a 2% (w/v) boric acid solution as an absorbent into the above ammonia gas absorption apparatus and observed the color change of the boric acid solution in real time. When the color of the solution changes from red to green, the solution is replaced by fresh boric acid absorption solution. The displaced boric acid solution was immediately diluted with 0.05mol/L dilute sulfuric acid (analytically pure, nitrogen-free,. rho.1.84 g.mL)-1) And (4) carrying out back titration. The time for each change of boric acid solution and the amount of dilute sulfuric acid used for the back titration were recorded.
Further, the nitrous oxide absorbing device was left for 0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes, and 100mL of N was extracted with the syringe 122O samples, transferred to 100-mL aluminum foil gas sampling bags containing self-sealing gas valves. N is a radical of2The O sample is collected once every 2 days until the composting is completed, and the sampling time is 9:00-11:00 in the morning.
Ammonia emission Rate (ERA, mg. kg)-1·d-1) Collecting the NH released from the boric acid absorption liquid in the unit mass of the compost mixture every day in an ammonia gas absorption cylinder3(At) Multiplied by 25.16 (cross-sectional area ratio of composting chamber to ammonia gas absorbing cylinder). NH (NH)3Cumulative emission (CEA, mg. kg)-1) Is day NH3Sum of emissions, i.e. CEA ═ A1+A2+…+AtWherein A istIs single-day NH3Discharge (mg. kg)-1) And t is the number of days of composting (d).
Nitrous oxide emission rate (ERN, mg. kg)-1·d-1) Rho × V (dC/dt) × 273 × 16 × 24/((273+ T) × m), where ρ is N under standard conditions of density2O(1.978kg·m-3). V: volume of sampling box, m3. dC/dt: the rate of change of the concentration of gas in the chamber over time is sampled. T is the temperature (. degree. C.) of the compost mixture. 16: cross-sectional area ratio of composting chamber to NCD. 24: 24 hours a day. m: mass of dry matter of compost mixture (kg). N is a radical of2Cumulative O emissionsAmount (CEN, mg. kg)-1): multiplying the ERN average value of two adjacent sampling time points by the duration of the sampling time interval to obtain N within a certain time2The cumulative amount of O discharged over a period of time. By summing successive time segments, N is obtained2Accumulation of O emissions the above examples are intended only to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a be applied to laboratory simulation reaction unit of saline and alkaline land improvement compost which characterized in that mainly includes:
the composting chamber is used for placing and reacting compost;
the stirrer is arranged in the composting chamber, is driven by a driving motor and is used for stirring and aerating materials;
the slideway is arranged in the composting chamber and is used for adjusting and fixing the height of the stirrer;
the feeding hole is arranged at the top of the composting chamber and is used for feeding compost;
a discharge opening arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the composting chamber;
a plurality of compost body temperature measuring holes arranged on the side wall of the composting chamber;
a fixable bracket with wheels arranged at the bottom of the composting chamber.
2. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compost chamber is in a cubic shape, and the side panels of the compost chamber are hinged or fixedly connected.
3. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein said cube is 80cm by 80 cm.
4. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the slide way is arranged inside 4 vertical side edges of the compost chamber, and the stirrer is arranged on the diagonal side slide way.
5. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said discharge opening is provided with a baffle.
6. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the baffle adopts a pull type or a hinge connection mode.
7. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature measuring hole of the compost body is provided with a seal with a self-sealing function.
8. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the number of the heap body temperature measuring holes is 3.
9. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the composting room is further provided with an ammonia gas collecting device and a nitrous oxide collecting device.
10. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, wherein the ammonia gas collecting device comprises an annular groove base and a cylindrical cover, the side wall of the cylindrical cover is arranged between the annular grooves and is matched with the base; the top of the cylindrical cover is provided with an exhaust port.
11. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 10, wherein the inner diameter of the base is 18cm, the outer diameter of the base is 22cm, and the height of the base is 8 cm.
12. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 11, wherein said cylindrical cover has a height of 30cm and a diameter of 20 cm.
13. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 12, wherein the cylindrical material is transparent polymethyl methacrylate.
14. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, wherein the nitrous oxide collecting device is composed of a square groove base and a cuboid cylinder, and a sampling port with a self-sealing plug is arranged on the cuboid cylinder.
15. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 14, wherein the groove base and the rectangular cylinder are both made of PVC.
16. The laboratory simulation reaction device for improving compost in saline-alkali soil according to claim 15, wherein the height of the base is 8 cm; the length, width and height of the PVC cylinder are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 30 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117049902A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-11-14 | 南京农业大学 | Organic waste bionic fermentation box and accurate monitoring and regulating method for fermentation process |
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2021
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117049902A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-11-14 | 南京农业大学 | Organic waste bionic fermentation box and accurate monitoring and regulating method for fermentation process |
| CN117049902B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2024-03-15 | 南京农业大学 | Organic waste bionic fermentation box and accurate monitoring and regulating method for fermentation process |
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