CN213956328U - Device for detecting train wheel tread defect - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting belongs to train wheel detection technical field. The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, including installing fly leaf, fixed plate and fly leaf displacement induction element and the fly leaf balance mechanism that distributes along track length direction in the track inboard, link to each other through slide rail mechanism and elastic mechanism between fly leaf and the fixed plate, and the both ends of fly leaf link to each other with the rotation of fly leaf balance mechanism. Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model can carry out real-time dynamic detection to train wheel tread scotch, radial run-out and out of roundness under the high-speed running state of train, and it detects that the precision is higher, stability is good.

Description

Device for detecting train wheel tread defect

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of train wheel detects, more specifically says, relates to a device for train wheel tread defect detection.

Background

The train wheel is one of the most important running parts of the rail transit vehicle, and the running state of the wheel set directly influences the driving safety of the train. In the running process of the train, along with high speed and heavy load, the wheel set of the train bears great dynamic load, and the phenomena of tread scratch, peeling and out-of-round are easy to occur on the tread of the wheel. The tread is the outer circumference of the wheel contacting with the steel rail surface and has a certain inclination. The wheel tread scratch is caused by the sliding of the wheel, and the part of the wheel tread, which is contacted with the steel rail when the wheel slides, is a fixed friction surface which continuously rubs with the steel rail to cause the local plane abrasion on the wheel tread to form scratch. The tread peeling refers to material falling caused by uneven cooling and heating or continuous impact and the like when the surface of the tread of the wheel runs for a long time. The tread run-out is the difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter on the cross section of the wheel tread; the tread surface out-of-roundness is caused by all of the above phenomena such as tread surface galling, tread surface peeling, and the like, and is also called ovality or out-of-roundness.

The above tread defect of train wheel pair can bring extra impact vibration for the train in service, leads to the train operation quality to descend, and wearing and tearing aggravation to influence the safety and the life of train and track facility, can lead to the axletree fracture even, collapse the wheel, cause major accident. Therefore, the detection of the wheel tread defect has important significance for ensuring the driving safety of the train. At present, most of the wheel set tread defects in China are still detected in a staged repair state by using mechanical calipers or measuring scales by technicians, and the mechanical instruments are not only troublesome in work and high in labor intensity and greatly influenced by the surrounding environment, but also cannot eliminate artificial measurement errors, so that the measurement precision is low and the measurement efficiency is not high. The on-line dynamic detection refers to real-time on-line measurement performed when a train normally runs on a steel rail, and the on-line detection is increasingly paid attention at home and abroad due to the characteristics of high measurement automation degree, no occupation of the turnover time of rolling stock, convenience in storing wheel information data and the like.

Through retrieval, patent reports about the detection of the tread defects of the train wheels are disclosed more, but the conventional dynamic measurement mechanism for the tread defects of the train wheels usually adopts a parallelogram structure, the structural stability of the detection mechanism is relatively poor, and the detection precision of the detection mechanism still needs to be further improved. For example, chinese patent CN96216065.2 discloses a dynamic measurement device for tread scuffing and wear of train wheels, which comprises two or more sets of parallelogram mechanisms, a measurement unit for tread scuffing and wear of train wheels consisting of corresponding displacement sensors, and a signal processing unit, wherein the parallelogram mechanisms are connected by flat plates, support rods, steel rails, springs, supports, and bearings. In practical application, the device has the following problems: when a train wheel just contacts with a flat plate of a parallelogram mechanism in a train wheel tread scratch and abrasion measurement unit, the wheel easily brings large impact and vibration to the mechanism, so that the flat plate is separated from a wheel rim instantly, a measurement reference is lost, measurement leakage and mismeasurement are caused, and the measurement accuracy is influenced. In addition, the device can not control the tread of the train wheel to be scratched and the height of a flat plate of a parallelogram mechanism in the abrasion measuring unit, and when the height of a wheel rim is different due to abrasion, the wheel rim and the flat plate are not in contact or are in excessive contact, so that the problem that the measurement is influenced or even the mechanism is impacted and damaged due to no measuring result or large impact on the mechanism can be caused.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

1. Technical problem to be solved by the utility model

An object of the utility model is to overcome the above problem that current train wheel tread defect detection exists, and provide a device for train wheel tread defect detection. Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model can carry out real-time dynamic detection to train wheel tread scotch, radial run-out and out of roundness under the high-speed running state of train, and it detects that the precision is higher, stability is good. 2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a technical scheme does:

the utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, including installing fly leaf, fixed plate and fly leaf displacement induction element and the fly leaf balance mechanism that distributes along track length direction in the track inboard, link to each other through slide rail mechanism and elastic mechanism between fly leaf and the fixed plate, and the both ends of fly leaf link to each other with the rotation of fly leaf balance mechanism.

Furthermore, the movable plate balance mechanism comprises a slide block fixing plate and a swing rod, wherein one end of the swing rod is rotatably connected with the movable plate, the other end of the swing rod is rotatably connected with the slide block fixing plate, and the slide block fixing plate, the movable plate and the swing rod form a parallelogram mechanism together.

Furthermore, bearings are mounted at two ends of the swing rod and are rotatably connected with the movable plate and the slide block fixing plate through bearing pins, the slide block fixing plate is slidably mounted on a bottom plate through a slide rail mechanism, and the bottom plate is tightly pressed and fixed at the bottom of the track.

Furthermore, the movable plate is connected with a lifting driving mechanism, and the lifting driving mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the movable plate.

Furthermore, the lifting driving mechanism comprises a motor, a screw nut and a screw nut seat, wherein an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with one end of the screw, the other end of the screw penetrates through the screw nut and is in threaded connection with the screw nut, the screw nut penetrates through the screw nut seat, and the screw nut seat is fixedly connected with the movable plate.

Furthermore, the motor is fixedly installed on the fixing plate through a motor installation seat, a sensor installation seat is fixedly installed above the screw nut, the displacement sensor is installed on the sensor installation seat, and the induction plate is correspondingly installed on the screw nut seat.

Furthermore, a second sliding block is fixed on one side of the sensor mounting seat close to the movable plate, a second guide rail matched with the second sliding block is fixed on the movable plate, and the mounting direction of the second guide rail is parallel to that of the sliding rail mechanism between the movable plate and the fixed plate.

Furthermore, at least two parallel sliding rail mechanisms are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate, and the sliding rail mechanisms are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate; the elastic mechanism comprises an elastic element, two ends of the elastic element are respectively and fixedly arranged on the movable plate and the fixed plate, and the installation direction of the elastic element is parallel to the sliding rail mechanism.

Furthermore, the movable plate comprises a pedal and a sliding plate, and the pedal is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate; the pedal and the sliding plates are in a sectional type connecting structure, wherein adjacent sliding plates are connected through interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between the adjacent sliding plates are mutually overlapped to form an interlocking structure; the pedal preferably comprises an upper pedal and a lower pedal, and an elastic pad is arranged between the upper pedal and the lower pedal.

3. Advantageous effects

Adopt the technical scheme provided by the utility model, compare with prior art, have following effect of showing:

(1) the utility model relates to a device for detecting the tread defect of a train wheel, which comprises a movable plate, a fixed plate and an induction unit, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate and the induction unit are arranged at the inner side of a track and are distributed along the length direction of the track, the movable plate can follow up and down along with the rolling of the train wheel, when the wheels of the train press the movable plate, the movable plate can generate pressing movement relative to the fixed plate along the slide rail mechanism, when the train wheel leaves the movable plate, the movable plate moves back upwards along the slide rail mechanism, thereby driving the displacement sensing plate to move relative to the displacement sensor, and through the distance change between the displacement sensor and the displacement sensing plate, can carry out on-line dynamic measurement on radial run-out, tread abrasion and abrasion of the train wheel tread, greatly improves the measurement efficiency, and the measurement precision and the structural stability of the whole measuring device are obviously improved compared with the existing parallelogram measuring mechanism.

(2) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting supports the installation through elastic mechanism to the fly leaf, consequently when train wheel leaves the fly leaf, can make fly leaf and displacement tablet reply to home position gradually automatically under elastic mechanism's effect, has realized the follow-up between fly leaf and the wheel tread.

(3) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, the both ends of fly leaf rotate with fly leaf balance mechanism and link to each other, through fly leaf balance mechanism's setting to carry out optimal design to its structure, thereby can effectively avoid the wheel to press on the fly leaf after because of the fly leaf takes place the influence of slope to measuring result, and then improved measurement accuracy.

(4) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, be equipped with two at least slide rail mechanism that are parallel to each other between fly leaf and the fixed plate, and slide rail mechanism sets up for fly leaf and fixed plate slope to be favorable to further improving the stability of whole measuring device structure and operation, and effectively reduce the impact of wheel to measuring mechanism, guaranteed measuring result's accuracy.

(5) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting still can adjust the initial height of fly leaf through lift actuating mechanism including the lift actuating mechanism who is used for adjusting the fly leaf height to satisfy the measurement requirement of the high wheel of different rims, prevent that the wheel from causing great impact to the fly leaf, and guarantee measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, carry out optimal design through the structure to lift actuating mechanism to the mounted position to tablet and displacement sensor optimizes, thereby the position control of the fly leaf of being convenient for on the one hand, and it adjusts comparatively steadily, and on the other hand also is favorable to improving the stability and the measurement accuracy of whole device structure.

(6) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, one side that the sensor mount pad is close to the fly leaf is fixed with the second slider, be fixed with on the fly leaf with second slider complex second guide rail to can effectively eliminate the clearance between screw nut and the fly leaf, prevent that screw nut from taking place to rotate the influence to measuring result.

(7) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, the fly leaf include footboard and sliding plate, the footboard passes through bolt fixed mounting on the sliding plate, through adopting split type fly leaf structure, only need dismantle when the footboard takes place to damage because of long-term roll extrusion or wearing and tearing can, convenient operation. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses a carry out the optimal design to the footboard structure, adopt elasticity footboard structure to produced vibrations when can showing the reduction train roll extrusion, make the rail train wheel dynamic parameter accuracy that detection mechanism gathered show the improvement.

(8) The utility model discloses a device for train wheel tread defect detecting, the footboard all adopts sectional type connection structure with the sliding plate, wherein links to each other through interlocking piece between the adjacent sliding plate, and the mutual overlap joint of interlocking piece between the adjacent sliding plate forms interlocking structure to can further avoid the wheel to press to arouse the sliding plate slope after the footboard, be favorable to guaranteeing to detect the precision.

(9) The utility model discloses a method for train wheel tread defect detecting is through carrying out optimal design to online dynamic measurement device to can effectively improve the stability of detection mechanism structure and the accuracy of wheel tread radial run-out, tread scotch and wearing and tearing detection data, can also highly adjust the fly leaf simultaneously, with the detection requirement that satisfies the high wheel of different rims, reduce the impact to the fly leaf.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the online dynamic detection of wheel tread defects by a contact method;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view (I) of the overall installation structure of the device for online dynamic measurement of train wheel tread defects of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view (ii) of the overall installation structure of the device for online dynamic measurement of train wheel tread defects of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (a) of a split structure of the on-line dynamic measurement apparatus of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram (ii) of a split structure of the on-line dynamic measurement apparatus of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the guide rail mounting seat of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the platen;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of an installation structure of the movable plate balancing mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the lifting driving mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the movable plate balancing mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a second slide rail mechanism according to the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the slide plate interlocking structure of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the elastic pedal of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of an installation structure of the pressure spring of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the spring mounting seat of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:

1. a track; 2. a pedal; 201. an upper pedal; 202. a lower pedal; 203. an elastic pad; 3. a sliding plate; 4. a fixing plate; 5. a base plate; 501. briquetting; 502. pressing a plate; 6. an elastic mechanism; 601. a first fixed column; 602. a second fixed column; 603. a spring pressing plate; 604. a spring mount; 7. a wheel; 801. a first slider; 802. a first guide rail; 803. a guide rail mounting seat; 8031. a guide rail mounting surface; 8032. a guide rail mounting hole; 804. pressing a plate; 8041. pressing claws; 9. a lifting drive mechanism; 901. a motor; 902. a motor mounting seat; 903. a lead screw nut; 904. a lead screw nut seat; 905. a sensor mount; 906. a lead screw; 907. a lead screw supporting seat; 908. a second slider; 909. a second guide rail; 1001. an induction plate; 1002. a displacement sensor; 11. reinforcing ribs; 12. a first interlock block; 1201. a first interlocking plane; 13. a second interlock block; 1301. a second interlocking flat surface; 1401. a third guide rail; 1402. a third slider; 1403. a slider fixing plate; 1404. a swing link.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

With reference to fig. 2-5, the device for detecting train wheel tread defects of this embodiment includes a movable plate, a fixed plate 4, a movable plate displacement sensing unit and a movable plate balance mechanism, which are installed inside the rail 1 and distributed along the length direction of the rail 1, wherein the movable plate and the fixed plate 4 are connected through a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the movable plate displacement sensing unit includes a sensing plate 1001 fixedly connected with the movable plate, and a displacement sensor 1002 fixedly installed above or below the sensing plate 1001, or the installation positions of the two are interchanged. The sliding rail mechanism is used for guiding the movement of the movable plate, and the elastic mechanism is used for enabling the movable plate which is pressed down to move to return to the original position when the wheel leaves.

The detection principle of the wheel tread defect in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, the train wheel comprises a tread part and a rim part, the tread part is worn by contacting with the rail for a long time to cause the tread to be out of round, and the rim is not contacted with other objects and still is a standard circle. Therefore, when the wheel tread is in contact with the steel rail at different positions, the distances from the top points of the wheel rims to the top surface of the steel rail are different. According to the embodiment, the movable plate is arranged on the rail, when the wheel 7 passes through the movable plate, the movable plate is always kept in contact with the top point of the wheel rim, the movable plate generates downward displacement under the pressing action of the wheel rim, the displacement changes along with different contact points of the tread and the rail 1, the change of the displacement of the movable plate in the process that the wheel 7 passes through the movable plate is collected, and the out-of-round condition of the tread of the wheel can be depicted.

In this embodiment, after the train wheel 7 presses the movable plate, the movable plate moves downward relative to the fixed plate along the sliding rail mechanism under the rolling action of the wheel 7, and the distance between the sensing plate 1001 and the displacement sensor 1002 changes; when the train wheel leaves the movable plate, the movable plate gradually moves upwards along the sliding rail mechanism to perform restoring motion relative to the fixed plate under the action of restoring force of the elastic mechanism, and radial run-out, tread scratch and abrasion data of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing distance change data between the data measured by the displacement sensor 1002 and the data of the sensing plate 1001, so that on-line dynamic measurement of train wheel defects is realized, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved. The setting through slide rail mechanism leads the removal of fly leaf in this embodiment, and for current parallelogram measuring mechanism, measuring device's structural stability and measurement accuracy have all obtained effective improvement.

Specifically, if the wheel tread is not scratched, the vertical position of the wheel tread relative to the steel rail within the whole tread circumference is unchanged, and the measurement value of the corresponding displacement sensor 1002 is also relatively unchanged; on the contrary, if the tread of the wheel is scratched or unevenly worn, and the relative height from the tread to the top of the wheel rim is changed, the vertical position of the movable plate and the steel rail is also changed relatively, and the variation of the measurement value of the displacement sensor 1002 is the scratch amount. Meanwhile, the measured value is compared with a new wheel without abrasion, and the abrasion loss of the wheel tread can be obtained.

However, when the wheel presses the movable plate from one side, the movable plate is inclined due to unilateral stress, so that the measurement result is affected.

Example 2

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 1, and the device mainly comprises the following components: as shown in fig. 8 and 10, the movable plate balancing mechanism of the present embodiment includes a slider fixing plate 1403 and a swinging rod 1404, wherein one end of the swinging rod 1404 is rotatably connected to the movable plate, and the other end of the swinging rod 1404 is rotatably connected to the slider fixing plate 1403, and the slider fixing plate 1403, the movable plate and the swinging rod 1404 together form a parallelogram mechanism. Specifically, bearings are mounted at two ends of the oscillating bar 1404, and are rotationally connected with the movable plate and the slider fixing plate 1403 through bearing pins, the slider fixing plate 1403 is slidably mounted on the bottom plate 5 through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate 5 is tightly pressed and fixed at the bottom of the rail 1. The slide rail mechanism includes a third rail 1401 fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 5 and a third slider 1402 fixedly mounted on the bottom of the slider fixing plate 1403 and engaged with the rail.

When the wheel presses up the movable plate, the movable plate moves downward, and at this time, the swinging rod 1404 swings downward, pushing the slider fixing plate 1403 to move horizontally along the third rail 1401. The both ends of fly leaf link to each other with slider fixed plate 1403 through pendulum rod 1404 respectively in this embodiment, and the length of pendulum rod is unanimous, and the bearing interval on two pendulum rods is unanimous to constitute parallelogram pendulum rod structure jointly, during the fly leaf up-and-down motion, this tetragonal height can change, nevertheless can guarantee that the fly leaf is the horizontality all the time, thereby prevent the influence of fly leaf slope to testing result.

Example 3

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 2, and the device mainly comprises the following components: and the lifting driving mechanism 9 is used for adjusting the height of the movable plate.

In actual use, the wheel rims of all wheels on a train are different in height, the movable plate can be higher than the wheel rims by a certain value during measurement to serve as prepressing amount, the prepressing amount cannot be too large, otherwise, the wheels can seriously impact the movable plate, the movable plate is damaged, and the measurement precision is reduced; the pre-pressure also cannot be too small, otherwise the wheel rim will not press the movable plate, resulting in no detectable data. In this embodiment, the initial height of the movable plate can be adjusted by the lifting driving mechanism 9, so that the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rim heights are met, the larger impact of the wheels on the movable plate is reduced, and the measurement precision is ensured.

Example 4

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 3, and the device mainly comprises the following components: as shown in fig. 4, 4 and 9, the lifting driving mechanism 9 of the present embodiment includes a motor 901, a lead screw 906, a lead screw nut 903 and a lead screw nut seat 904, wherein the motor 901 is fixedly mounted on the fixed plate 4 through a motor mounting seat 902, an output shaft of the motor 901 is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw 906 through a coupling, the other end of the lead screw 906 is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut 903, the lead screw nut 903 passes through the lead screw nut seat 904 (a C-shaped hole for passing the lead screw nut 903 is processed on the lead screw nut seat 904), and a head of the lead screw nut 903 is pressed on an upper surface of the lead screw nut seat 904, and the lead screw nut seat 904 is fixedly connected with the movable plate.

One side surface of the screw nut 903 abuts against the side surface of the movable plate, when the motor 901 rotates downwards, the screw 906 and the screw nut 903 rotate, the screw nut 903 moves downwards along the central axis of the screw, and the head of the screw nut 903 presses on the screw nut seat 904, so that the screw nut seat 904 and the movable plate are driven to move downwards together, namely the height of the movable plate is adjusted downwards. When the motor 901 rotates upwards, the movable plate moves upwards under the action of the elastic restoring force of the elastic mechanism, and during the upward movement, the head of the screw nut 903 is also pressed against the upper surface of the screw nut seat 904 all the time, and the upward movement is finished until the upper limit is reached.

In this embodiment, the motor mounting seat 902 is processed into an L-shaped structure, wherein a bottom plate of the motor mounting seat 902 is processed with a circular step hole matched with the motor, a motor shaft passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and a vertical plate of the motor mounting seat 902 is fixedly mounted on the fixing plate 4. A sensor mounting seat 905 is fixedly mounted above the screw nut 903, the displacement sensor 1002 is mounted on the sensor mounting seat 905, and the induction plate 1001 is correspondingly and fixedly mounted on the screw nut seat 904. When the movable plate is controlled to move up and down by the motor 901, there is no relative displacement between the displacement sensor 1002 and the sensing plate 1001 because the head of the screw nut 903 is not always separated from the upper surface of the screw nut mount 904. It should be noted that when the wheel presses on the movable plate, the motor 901 cannot operate, otherwise the movable plate moves up and down to affect the measurement of the displacement sensor. In addition, a lead screw support 907 is further fixed to the vertical plate of the motor mounting seat 902 in this embodiment (in this embodiment, the lead screw support 907 directly adopts BK12 standard components), and the lead screw 906 passes through the lead screw support 907 and is connected to the motor shaft, and the lead screw 906 is supported by the lead screw support 907.

Example 5

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 4, and the device mainly comprises the following components: as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 11, in the present embodiment, a second slider 908 is fixed on a side of the sensor mounting seat 905 close to the movable plate, a second guide rail 909 matched with the second slider 908 is fixed on the movable plate, and a mounting direction of the second guide rail 909 is parallel to a mounting direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the movable plate and the fixed plate 4.

One side surface of the screw nut 903 is tightly attached to the side surface of the movable plate, and when the motor 901 drives the screw to rotate, the screw nut 903 does not rotate together, but only moves up and down along the central axis direction of the screw. However, due to processing and assembling errors, it is difficult to make the side surface of the screw nut closely attached to the movable plate, but a certain gap exists, and although the gap is small, when the screw rotates or is impacted by the screw nut seat 904, the screw nut 903 may rotate in the limited gap, thereby causing inaccurate data acquisition. In response to this problem, in the present embodiment, the second slider 908 is fixed to a side of the sensor mounting seat 905 close to the movable plate, and the movable plate is provided with the second guide rail 909 that is engaged with the second slider, so that a gap between the screw nut 903 and the movable plate can be effectively eliminated. When the servo motor 901 moves up and down, there is no relative movement between the second slider 908 and the second guide 909. When the wheel presses up on the movable plate and the movable plate moves downward, the sensor mount 905 remains stationary and the second rail 909 moves downward with the movable plate.

By adopting the online dynamic measurement device of the embodiment, the measurement method comprises the following processes:

(1) the lifting process of the movable plate is as follows: according to the height of the wheel rim of the train wheel to be detected, the motor 901 is controlled to lift, so that the movable plate is lifted to a specified position, the wheel rim of the position can only press down the movable plate by a specified displacement amount, namely, the movable plate is adjusted to be at different heights according to the heights of the wheel rims of different wheels, so that the same pressing amount of the movable plate under the rolling action of the train wheel is ensured, and the impact force of the wheel on the movable plate is reduced. When the device is closed and stops working, the movable plate descends to a specified position, no matter how high the rim of the passing wheel is, the rim of the passing wheel cannot be pressed to the movable plate.

(2) And (3) a wheel detection process: when the movable plate is lifted to a specific position, there is no relative displacement between the displacement sensor 1002 and the sensing plate 1001, and at this time, the motor 901 stops lifting. When the wheel 7 presses the movable plate, the movable plate is pressed by the wheel rim to generate displacement in a direction obliquely downward along the sliding rail, the screw nut 903 is kept still while the screw nut seat 904 moves downward along with the movable plate during the descending process of the movable plate, at this time, relative displacement is generated between the displacement sensor 1002 and the displacement sensing plate 1001, and the displacement of the movable plate pressed by the wheel rim when the wheel passes through can be obtained through conversion. When the wheels leave, the movable plate is restored to the designated position when the motor 901 is lifted under the action of the elastic mechanism.

Example 6

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 5, and the device mainly comprises the following components: at least two slide rail mechanisms which are parallel to each other are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, and the slide rail mechanisms are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, so that the structural stability of the whole device is improved, and the impact effect of the wheels on the measuring device is effectively reduced. In this embodiment, two sliding rail mechanisms are provided, which are respectively located at two ends of the movable plate. Specifically, the sliding rail mechanism of the present embodiment includes a first sliding block 801 and a first guiding rail 802, the first sliding block 801 and the first guiding rail 802 are respectively and correspondingly installed on the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, wherein the fixed plate 4 is provided with a guiding rail installation seat 803, and the first guiding rail 802 is fixedly installed in the guiding rail installation seat 803.

To facilitate the installation of the first guide rail 802, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in this embodiment, the guide rail installation surface 8031 on the top of the guide rail installation seat 803 is processed to have an L-shaped step structure with one open side, and the guide rail installation surface 8031 is correspondingly processed with a guide rail installation hole 8032. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, a pressing plate 804 is further installed on the side surface of the guide rail installation seat 803 through a bolt, the pressing plate 804 is provided with two pressing claws 8041, one pressing claw 8041 presses the side surface of the guide rail installation seat 803, and the other pressing claw 8041 presses the side surface of the first guide rail 802, so that the function of firmly fixing the slide rail is achieved.

Example 7

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 5, and the device mainly comprises the following components: the elastic mechanism comprises an elastic element 6, two ends of the elastic element 6 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, and the installation direction of the elastic element 6 is parallel to the sliding rail mechanism.

Specifically, the elastic element 6 of the present embodiment is an extension spring, the fixed plate 4 and the movable plate are respectively provided with a first fixing pin 601 and a second fixing pin 602, two ends of the extension spring are respectively fixedly connected to the first fixing pin 601 and the second fixing pin 602, and the height of the first fixing pin 601 is higher than that of the second fixing pin 602 (when the movable plate is located at the upper limit position, the distance between the two fixing pins is still greater than the original length of the extension spring, that is, the extension spring is always in the stretching deformation state). Specifically, the both ends of extension spring all are equipped with the spring and collude, all process on first fixed pin 601 and the second fixed pin 602 and collude corresponding catching groove with the spring, and the spring at extension spring both ends colludes respectively the hook and installs in the spring catching groove on first fixed pin 601 and second fixed pin 602.

Example 8

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 7, and the device mainly comprises the following components: the elastic element 6 of this embodiment is of a compressed spring structure, the fixed plate and the movable plate are respectively and correspondingly provided with a spring mounting seat 604 and a spring pressing plate 603 (the height of the spring mounting seat 604 is always lower than that of the spring pressing plate 603), and the elastic element 6 is mounted in the spring mounting seat and pressed by the spring pressing plate 603. Specifically, as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the spring mounting seat 604 and the spring pressing plate 603 of the present embodiment have the same structure, and both have spring holes corresponding to the compressed springs, the bottom of the spring is mounted in the spring mounting seat, and the head of the spring is sunk into the spring hole of the spring pressing plate.

When the elastic element 6 is in the tension spring structure, even if the movable plate is at the upper limit position, the distance between the two spring pins is greater than the initial length of the spring, so that the spring is always under tension once installed on the equipment, and the long-term tension of the spring can reduce the service life of the spring. Therefore, the present embodiment uses a compression spring instead of a tension spring, so as to improve the service life of the spring, and the variety of the compression spring is many, including but not limited to a steel wire spring and a gas spring.

The spring pin is replaced by a spring mounting seat and a spring pressing plate, the spring mounting seat is mounted on the lower portion of the fixing plate, the spring pressing plate is mounted on the upper portion of the sliding plate, the spring is mounted in the spring mounting seat, the spring pressing plate presses the spring, when the sliding plate moves downwards, the distance between the spring pressing plate and the spring mounting seat is reduced, and the spring is compressed.

Example 9

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 7, and the device mainly comprises the following components: the movable plate of the embodiment comprises a pedal 2 and a sliding plate 3, the pedal 2 is fixedly installed on the sliding plate 3 (the pedal 2 is located on the inner side of the track, and the top surface of the pedal is always in contact with the rim of the train wheel when the wheel presses the pedal), and the sliding rail mechanism and the elastic mechanism are installed between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate 4. In this embodiment, the pedal 2 is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 3 through the bolt, that is, the movable plate is designed to be a split type connecting structure, so that only the pedal 2 needs to be replaced when the replacement is performed.

Example 10

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel is basically the same as that of the device in the embodiment 9, and the device mainly comprises the following components: in the embodiment, the pedal 2 and the sliding plates 3 are in a sectional type connecting structure, wherein adjacent sliding plates 3 are connected through interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between adjacent sliding plates 3 are overlapped to form an interlocking structure. As shown in fig. 4, 8 and 12, the two ends of the same sliding plate 3 are respectively provided with a first interlocking block 12 and a second interlocking block 13, and a first interlocking plane 1201 on the first interlocking block 12 and a second interlocking plane 1301 of the second interlocking block 13 form a lap interlocking structure.

As shown in fig. 13, the pedal 2 of the present embodiment adopts an elastic pedal structure, specifically includes an upper pedal 201 and a lower pedal 202, and an elastic pad 203 is disposed between the upper pedal 201 and the lower pedal 202, and the elastic pad 203 is made of an elastic material such as rubber. Preferably, the lower surface of the upper pedal 201 in this embodiment is

A notch in the shape of a lower pedal 202

The notch of the shape is formed by the lower surface of the upper pedal 201 and the upper surface of the lower pedal 202

A void of shape, and

the shape of the gap is completely covered

The elastic pad 203 is filled in a shape such that the lower surface of the upper pedal 201 is everywhere separated from the upper surface of the lower pedal 202 by the elastic pad 203, so that the shock of the upper pedal 201 is completely absorbed by the elastic pad 203 and is not directly transmitted to the lower pedal 202.

Example 11

The structure of the device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 10, and the difference is mainly that: in this embodiment, a pressing block 501 and a pressing plate 502 are respectively arranged on two sides of the rail 1 on the bottom plate 5, the pressing block 501 is fixed to the bottom plate 5 through bolts and is fixed to the bottom of one side of the rail 1 in a pressing mode, a seam matched with the side edge of the bottom of the rail 1 is formed between the pressing plate 502 and the bottom plate 5, and the bottom plate is fixed to the bottom of the rail in a pressing mode through the action between the pressing plate 502 and the pressing block 501. In the embodiment, a reinforcing rib 11 is arranged between the fixed plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, and the reinforcing rib 11 is L-shaped and is respectively connected with the fixed plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 through two bolts; the bottom plate 5 is further provided with a through hole for the motor 901 to pass through.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not limited thereto, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching of the present invention, without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, the person skilled in the art should also design the similar structural modes and embodiments without creativity to the technical solution, and all shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a device that is used for train wheel tread defect to detect which characterized in that: the rail-mounted movable plate type rail comprises a movable plate, a fixed plate (4), a movable plate displacement sensing unit and a movable plate balance mechanism, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate (4) and the movable plate displacement sensing unit are mounted on the inner side of a rail (1) and are parallel to the rail (1), the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate (4) through a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism, and the two ends of the movable plate are rotatably connected with the movable plate balance mechanism.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 for train wheel tread defect detection, wherein: the movable plate balance mechanism comprises a slide block fixing plate (1403) and a swing rod (1404), wherein one end of the swing rod (1404) is rotatably connected with the movable plate, the other end of the swing rod is rotatably connected with the slide block fixing plate (1403), and the slide block fixing plate (1403), the movable plate and the swing rod (1404) form a parallelogram mechanism together.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 for train wheel tread defect detection, wherein: the bearing is installed at both ends of pendulum rod (1404), and it rotates with fly leaf and slider fixed plate (1403) through the bearing pin and links to each other, and slider fixed plate (1403) through slide rail mechanism slidable mounting on bottom plate (5), and this bottom plate (5) compress tightly and are fixed in the bottom of track (1).

4. The apparatus of claim 1 for train wheel tread defect detection, wherein: the movable plate is connected with a lifting driving mechanism (9), and the lifting driving mechanism (9) is used for adjusting the height of the movable plate.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 for train wheel tread defect detection, wherein: the lifting driving mechanism (9) comprises a motor (901), a lead screw (906), a lead screw nut (903) and a lead screw nut seat (904), wherein an output shaft of the motor (901) is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw (906), the other end of the lead screw (906) penetrates through the lead screw nut (903) and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut (903), the lead screw nut (903) penetrates through the lead screw nut seat (904), and the lead screw nut seat (904) is fixedly connected with the movable plate.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 for train wheel tread defect detection, wherein: the motor (901) is fixedly arranged on the fixing plate (4) through a motor mounting seat (902), a sensor mounting seat (905) is fixedly arranged above the screw nut (903), the displacement sensor (1002) is arranged on the sensor mounting seat (905), and the induction plate (1001) is correspondingly arranged on the screw nut seat (904).

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus further comprises: a second sliding block (908) is fixed on one side, close to the movable plate, of the sensor mounting seat (905), a second guide rail (909) matched with the second sliding block is fixed on the movable plate, and the mounting direction of the second guide rail is parallel to the mounting direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the movable plate and the fixed plate (4).

8. An apparatus for train wheel tread defect detection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: at least two parallel sliding rail mechanisms are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate (4), and the sliding rail mechanisms are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate (4); the elastic mechanism comprises an elastic element (6), two ends of the elastic element (6) are respectively and fixedly installed on the movable plate and the fixed plate (4), and the installation direction of the elastic element (6) is parallel to the sliding rail mechanism.

9. An apparatus for train wheel tread defect detection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the movable plate comprises a pedal (2) and a sliding plate (3), and the pedal (2) is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate (3); the pedal (2) and the sliding plates (3) are of a sectional type connecting structure, wherein adjacent sliding plates (3) are connected through interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between adjacent sliding plates (3) are mutually overlapped to form an interlocking structure; the pedal (2) preferably comprises an upper pedal (201) and a lower pedal (202), and an elastic pad (203) is arranged between the upper pedal (201) and the lower pedal (202).

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