CN109443289B - Device and method for detecting tread defects of train wheels - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting tread defects of train wheels Download PDFInfo
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- CN109443289B CN109443289B CN201811502025.6A CN201811502025A CN109443289B CN 109443289 B CN109443289 B CN 109443289B CN 201811502025 A CN201811502025 A CN 201811502025A CN 109443289 B CN109443289 B CN 109443289B
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting defects of a tread of a train wheel, and belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection. The invention relates to a device for detecting the tread defect of a train wheel, which comprises a movable plate, a fixed plate, a movable plate displacement sensing unit and a movable plate balancing mechanism, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate, the movable plate displacement sensing unit and the movable plate balancing mechanism are arranged on the inner side of a track and distributed along the length direction of the track, the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate through a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism, and two ends of the movable plate are rotationally connected with the movable plate balancing mechanism. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the abrasion, radial runout and out-of-roundness of the tread of the train wheel can be dynamically detected in real time under the high-speed running state of the train, and the detection accuracy is higher and the stability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting a tread defect of a train wheel.
Background
The wheels of the train are one of the most important running parts of the rail transit vehicle, and the running state of the wheel set directly influences the running safety of the train. During running, the train is accompanied by high speed and heavy load, the wheel set of the train bears great dynamic load, and tread scratch, stripping and out-of-round phenomena are very easy to occur on the tread of the wheel. The tread refers to the outer circumference of the wheel contacted with the steel rail surface and has a certain inclination. The tread scratch is caused by the sliding of the wheels, and the part of the tread contacted with the steel rail during the sliding of the wheels forms a fixed friction surface which continuously rubs with the steel rail to cause local plane abrasion on the tread to form the scratch. The tread stripping refers to material falling caused by uneven cold and hot or continuous impact on the tread surface of the wheel after long-term running. The radial runout of the tread refers to the difference value between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter on the cross section of the tread of the wheel; the tread out-of-roundness is caused by all of the above phenomena such as tread abrasion, tread peeling, etc., also called ovality or out-of-roundness.
The tread defect of the train wheel pair can bring extra impact vibration to the running of the train, so that the running quality of the train is reduced, the abrasion is increased, the safety and the service life of the train and rail facilities are affected, and even the axle is broken and broken, so that serious accidents are caused. Therefore, the detection of the tread defect of the wheel has important significance for ensuring the driving safety of the train. At present, most of wheel set tread defects in China still stay in a section repair state and are measured by technicians by adopting mechanical calipers or measuring scales, and the mechanical devices are used for measuring, so that the work is complicated, the labor intensity is high, the influence of surrounding environment is great, artificial measuring errors cannot be eliminated, and therefore, the measuring precision is low and the measuring efficiency is low. The on-line dynamic detection refers to real-time on-line measurement performed when the train normally runs on the steel rail, and the on-line detection is increasingly valued at home and abroad due to the characteristics of high measurement automation degree, no occupation of rolling stock rotation time, convenience in storing wheel information data and the like.
Through searching, patent reports about detecting defects of a train wheel tread are more published, but the existing dynamic measuring mechanism for the defects of the wheel tread generally adopts a parallelogram structure, the structural stability of the detecting mechanism is relatively poor, and the detecting precision of the detecting mechanism still needs to be further improved. For example, chinese patent CN96216065.2 discloses a dynamic measuring device for train wheel tread scratch and abrasion, which comprises two or more sets of parallelogram mechanisms and corresponding displacement sensors, wherein the parallelogram mechanisms are formed by connecting flat plates, struts, steel rails, springs, supports and bearings. In practical application, the device has the following problems: when the train wheel just contacts with the flat plate of the parallelogram mechanism in the train wheel tread scratch and abrasion measuring unit, the wheel is easy to bring larger impact and vibration to the mechanism, so that the flat plate is instantaneously separated from the rim of the wheel, the measuring standard is lost, the missing measurement and the false measurement are caused, and the measuring accuracy is influenced. In addition, the device can not control the height of a flat plate of the parallelogram mechanism in the train wheel tread scratch and abrasion measuring unit, and when the heights of the rims are different due to abrasion, the rims and the flat plate can be in non-contact or excessive contact, so that the problems that no measuring result is caused or large impact is caused to the mechanism to influence the measurement and even the mechanism is damaged due to impact can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of the existing train wheel tread defect detection and provides a device and a method for detecting the train wheel tread defect. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the abrasion, radial runout and out-of-roundness of the tread of the train wheel can be dynamically detected in real time under the high-speed running state of the train, and the detection accuracy is higher and the stability is good.
2. Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a device for detecting the tread defect of a train wheel, which comprises a movable plate, a fixed plate, a movable plate displacement sensing unit and a movable plate balancing mechanism, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate, the movable plate displacement sensing unit and the movable plate balancing mechanism are arranged on the inner side of a track and distributed along the length direction of the track, the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate through a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism, and two ends of the movable plate are rotationally connected with the movable plate balancing mechanism.
Further, the movable plate balance mechanism comprises a sliding block fixed plate and a swinging rod, wherein one end of the swinging rod is rotationally connected with the movable plate, the other end of the swinging rod is rotationally connected with the sliding block fixed plate, and the sliding block fixed plate, the movable plate and the swinging rod jointly form a parallelogram mechanism.
Furthermore, bearings are mounted at two ends of the swing rod, the bearings are rotationally connected with the movable plate and the sliding block fixing plate through bearing pins, the sliding block fixing plate is slidably mounted on the bottom plate through the sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate is tightly fixed at the bottom of the rail.
Further, the movable plate is connected with a lifting driving mechanism, and the lifting driving mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the movable plate.
Still further, lifting drive mechanism includes motor, lead screw nut and lead screw nut seat, and wherein the output shaft and the lead screw one end of motor are fixed to be linked to each other, and the lead screw other end passes the lead screw nut and links to each other with the lead screw nut screw thread, the lead screw nut passes the lead screw nut seat, and the lead screw nut seat is fixed to link to each other with the fly leaf.
Further, the motor is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate through a motor mounting seat, a sensor mounting seat is fixedly arranged above the screw nut, a displacement sensor is arranged on the sensor mounting seat, and the induction plate is correspondingly arranged on the screw nut seat.
Furthermore, a second sliding block is fixed on one side, close to the movable plate, of the sensor mounting seat, a second guide rail matched with the second sliding block is fixed on the movable plate, and the mounting direction of the second guide rail is parallel to the mounting direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the movable plate and the fixed plate.
Further, at least two parallel slide rail mechanisms are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate, and the slide rail mechanisms are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate; the elastic mechanism comprises an elastic element, two ends of the elastic element are respectively and fixedly arranged on the movable plate and the fixed plate, and the installation direction of the elastic element is parallel to the sliding rail mechanism.
Further, the movable plate comprises a pedal and a sliding plate, and the pedal is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate; the pedal and the sliding plates are of sectional connection structures, wherein adjacent sliding plates are connected through interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between the adjacent sliding plates are mutually overlapped to form an interlocking structure; the pedal preferably comprises an upper pedal and a lower pedal, and an elastic pad is arranged between the upper pedal and the lower pedal.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the tread defect of a train wheel, which adopts the measuring device of the invention and comprises the following steps:
step one, height adjustment of a movable plate: according to the rim height of the train wheels to be detected, controlling the motor to lift to enable the movable plate to lift to a specified position, and stopping the motor at the moment;
step two, a wheel detection process: when the movable plate is pressed on by the wheel rim, the movable plate is pressed down by the wheel rim to generate downward displacement along the direction of the sliding rail, the screw nut is kept motionless in the descending process of the movable plate, the screw nut seat moves downwards along with the movable plate, at the moment, the displacement sensor generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate, and the displacement of the movable plate pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes through is obtained through conversion; the radial runout, tread scratch and abrasion conditions of the wheel tread of the train can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor in the whole circumference of the wheel tread;
step three, when the wheels leave, the movable plate is restored to the appointed position when the motor is lifted under the action of the elastic mechanism; at this time, the motor continues to start to work, and the movable plate is driven to descend to a specified position, and the wheel rim cannot be pressed to the movable plate no matter what the height of the rim of the passing wheel.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) The invention relates to a device for detecting the defects of the tread of a train wheel, which comprises a movable plate, a fixed plate and a sensing unit, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate and the sensing unit are arranged on the inner side of a track and distributed along the length direction of the track, the movable plate can carry out up-and-down follow-up along with the rolling of the train wheel, when the movable plate is pressed by the train wheel, the movable plate can generate downward pressing motion relative to the fixed plate along a sliding rail mechanism, and when the train wheel leaves the movable plate, the movable plate returns upward along the sliding rail mechanism, thereby driving the displacement sensing plate to move relative to a displacement sensor, and the radial runout, the tread scratch and the wear of the tread of the train wheel can be dynamically measured on line through the change of the distance between the displacement sensor and the displacement sensing plate, so that the measuring efficiency is greatly improved, and the measuring precision and the structural stability of the whole measuring device are obviously improved relative to the existing parallelogram measuring mechanism.
(2) According to the device for detecting the defects of the tread of the train wheel, the movable plate is supported and installed through the elastic mechanism, so that when the train wheel leaves the movable plate, the movable plate and the displacement sensing plate can be gradually and automatically restored to the original positions under the action of the elastic mechanism, and the follow-up between the movable plate and the tread of the wheel is realized.
(3) According to the device for detecting the tread defects of the wheels of the train, the two ends of the movable plate are rotatably connected with the movable plate balancing mechanism, and the structure of the movable plate balancing mechanism is optimally designed through the arrangement of the movable plate balancing mechanism, so that the influence of inclination of the movable plate on a measurement result after the movable plate is pressed on the wheels can be effectively avoided, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
(4) According to the device for detecting the defects of the tread of the train wheel, at least two mutually parallel sliding rail mechanisms are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate and are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate, so that the stability of the structure and the operation of the whole measuring device is improved, the impact of the wheel on the measuring mechanism is reduced effectively, and the accuracy of a measuring result is ensured.
(5) The device for detecting the tread defects of the wheels of the train also comprises a lifting driving mechanism for adjusting the height of the movable plate, and the initial height of the movable plate can be adjusted through the lifting driving mechanism, so that the measurement requirements of wheels with different rims and high wheel speeds are met, the wheels are prevented from causing larger impact on the movable plate, and the measurement accuracy is ensured. Meanwhile, the structure of the lifting driving mechanism is optimally designed, and the installation positions of the sensing plate and the displacement sensor are optimized, so that on one hand, the position of the movable plate is convenient to adjust, and the adjustment is stable, and on the other hand, the stability and the measurement accuracy of the whole device structure are improved.
(6) According to the device for detecting the tread defects of the train wheels, the second sliding block is fixed on one side, close to the movable plate, of the sensor mounting seat, and the second guide rail matched with the second sliding block is fixed on the movable plate, so that gaps between the screw nut and the movable plate can be effectively eliminated, and the influence of rotation of the screw nut on a measurement result is prevented.
(7) The movable plate comprises the pedal and the sliding plate, the pedal is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate through bolts, and the split movable plate structure is adopted, so that the pedal can be conveniently operated only by disassembling the sliding pedal when the pedal is damaged due to long-term rolling or abrasion. Meanwhile, the invention adopts the elastic pedal structure by optimally designing the pedal structure, thereby being capable of obviously reducing the vibration generated during rolling of the train and obviously improving the accuracy of the dynamic parameters of the wheels of the rail train, which are acquired by the detection mechanism.
(8) According to the device for detecting the tread defects of the train wheels, the pedals and the sliding plates are of the sectional connection structure, wherein the adjacent sliding plates are connected through the interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between the adjacent sliding plates are mutually overlapped to form the interlocking structure, so that the sliding plates are prevented from being inclined after the wheels are pressed on the pedals, and the detection precision is guaranteed.
(9) According to the method for detecting the defects of the train wheel treads, the on-line dynamic measuring device is optimally designed, so that the stability of the structure of the detecting mechanism and the accuracy of the radial runout, tread scratch and abrasion detection data of the wheel treads can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the height of the movable plate can be adjusted, the detection requirements of wheels with different rims and heights can be met, and the impact effect on the movable plate can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of online dynamic detection of contact method wheel tread defects;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (I) of the overall installation structure of the device for on-line dynamic measurement of tread defects of wheels of a train according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the device for on-line dynamic measurement of tread defects of a train wheel according to the present invention (II);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (I) of a split structure of an on-line dynamic measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of the on-line dynamic measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rail mount of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a platen;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the fly leaf balance mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a lifting driving mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fly leaf balance mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a second rail mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a slide plate interlock structure of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the spring pedal of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic view showing an installation structure of the compression spring of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a spring mount according to the present invention.
Reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. a track; 2. a pedal; 201. a pedal is arranged; 202. a pedal is arranged; 203. an elastic pad; 3. a sliding plate; 4. a fixing plate; 5. a bottom plate; 501. briquetting; 502. a pressing plate; 6. an elastic mechanism; 601. a first fixing column; 602. a second fixing column; 603. a spring pressing plate; 604. a spring mounting base; 7. a wheel; 801. a first slider; 802. a first guide rail; 803. a guide rail mounting seat; 8031. a guide rail mounting surface; 8032. a guide rail mounting hole; 804. a pressing plate; 8041. a pressing claw; 9. a lifting driving mechanism; 901. a motor; 902. a motor mounting seat; 903. a lead screw nut; 904. a screw nut seat; 905. a sensor mount; 906. a screw rod; 907. a screw rod supporting seat; 908. a second slider; 909. a second guide rail; 1001. an induction plate; 1002. a displacement sensor; 11. reinforcing ribs; 12. a first interlocking block; 1201. a first interlocking plane; 13. a second interlocking block; 1301. a second interlocking plane; 1401. a third guide rail; 1402. a third slider; 1403. a slider fixing plate; 1404. and (5) swinging rod.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2-5, a device for detecting a tread defect of a train wheel according to this embodiment includes a movable plate, a fixed plate 4, a movable plate displacement sensing unit and a movable plate balancing mechanism, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate 4, the movable plate displacement sensing unit and the movable plate balancing mechanism are mounted on the inner side of a track 1 and distributed along the length direction of the track 1, the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate 4 through a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the movable plate displacement sensing unit includes a sensing plate 1001 fixedly connected with the movable plate, and a displacement sensor 1002 fixedly mounted above or below the sensing plate 1001, or the mounting positions of the two are interchanged. The sliding rail mechanism is used for guiding the movement of the movable plate, and the elastic mechanism is used for enabling the movable plate which is pressed down and moved when the wheel leaves to return to the original position upwards.
The detection principle of the tread defect of the wheel in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, the train wheel comprises a tread part and a rim part, wherein the tread is out of round due to long-term contact wear of the tread and the rail, and the rim is not contacted with other objects and is still a standard circle. Therefore, when different positions of the tread of the wheel contact with the steel rail, the distances from the top point of the rim to the top surface of the steel rail are different. According to the embodiment, the movable plate is arranged on the rail, when the wheel 7 passes through, the movable plate always keeps contact with the top point of the wheel rim, the movable plate generates downward displacement under the action of the pressing down of the wheel rim, the displacement changes along with the difference of contact points of the tread and the rail 1, and the out-of-round condition of the tread of the wheel can be depicted by collecting the change of the displacement of the movable plate when the wheel 7 passes through the movable plate.
In this embodiment, after the movable plate is pressed by the train wheel 7, the movable plate moves downward along the sliding rail mechanism relative to the fixed plate under the rolling action of the wheel 7, and the distance between the sensing plate 1001 and the displacement sensor 1002 changes; when the train wheels leave the movable plate, the movable plate gradually returns upwards relative to the fixed plate along the sliding rail mechanism under the action of the restoring force of the elastic mechanism, and radial runout, tread scratch and abrasion data of the train wheel treads can be obtained by processing the distance change data between the displacement sensor 1002 and the sensing plate 1001, so that the on-line dynamic measurement of the train wheel defects is realized, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved. In this embodiment, the sliding rail mechanism is used for guiding the movement of the movable plate, and the structural stability and the measurement accuracy of the measuring device are effectively improved relative to the existing parallelogram measuring mechanism.
Specifically, if the tread of the wheel is not scratched, the vertical position of the tread relative to the steel rail is unchanged in the whole circumference of the tread, and the corresponding measured value of the displacement sensor 1002 is also unchanged relatively; otherwise, if the tread of the wheel is scratched or is unevenly worn, the relative height from the tread to the top of the rim is changed, the vertical position of the movable plate and the steel rail is also changed, and the change amount of the measured value of the displacement sensor 1002 is the magnitude of the scratch amount. And meanwhile, comparing the measured value with a new wheel without abrasion to obtain the abrasion loss of the tread of the wheel.
But when the movable plate is pressed from one side to the wheel, the movable plate can incline due to unilateral stress, so that the measurement result is influenced.
Example 2
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in the embodiment 1, and mainly comprises the following components: as shown in fig. 8 and 10, the movable plate balance mechanism of the present embodiment includes a slider fixed plate 1403 and a swing link 1404, wherein one end of the swing link 1404 is rotatably connected to the movable plate, and the other end is rotatably connected to the slider fixed plate 1403, and the slider fixed plate 1403, the movable plate and the swing link 1404 together form a parallelogram mechanism. Specifically, bearings are mounted at two ends of the swing rod 1404, and are rotatably connected with the movable plate and the sliding block fixing plate 1403 through bearing pins, the sliding block fixing plate 1403 is slidably mounted on the bottom plate 5 through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate 5 is tightly fixed at the bottom of the track 1. The sliding rail mechanism comprises a third guide rail 1401 fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 5 and a third sliding block 1402 fixedly mounted on the bottom of the sliding block fixing plate 1403 and matched with the guide rail.
When the movable plate is pressed by the wheels, the movable plate moves downward, and at this time, the swing rod 1404 swings downward, pushing the slider fixed plate 1403 to move horizontally along the third rail 1401. In this embodiment, two ends of the movable plate are respectively connected with the fixed plate 1403 of the sliding block through the swinging rods 1404, the lengths of the swinging rods are identical, and the bearing distances on the two swinging rods are identical, so that a parallelogram swinging rod structure is formed together, when the movable plate moves up and down, the height of the quadrilateral can be changed, but the movable plate can be ensured to be always in a horizontal state, and the influence of the inclination of the movable plate on the detection result is prevented.
Example 3
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in the embodiment 2, and mainly comprises the following components: and also comprises a lifting driving mechanism 9 for adjusting the height of the movable plate.
In actual use, the wheel rims of all wheels on a train are different, and the movable plate is higher than the wheel rims by a certain value to serve as a pre-pressing amount when in measurement, wherein the pre-pressing amount cannot be too large, otherwise, the wheels can seriously impact the movable plate, so that the movable plate is damaged, and the measurement accuracy is reduced; the amount of pre-compression must not be too small either, or the wheel rim will not press against the movable plate, resulting in no data being detected. In the embodiment, the initial height of the movable plate can be adjusted through the arrangement of the lifting driving mechanism 9, so that the measurement requirements of wheels with different rims and heights are met, the large impact of the wheels on the movable plate is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is ensured.
Example 4
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in embodiment 3, and mainly differs from the device in that: as shown in fig. 4, 4 and 9, the lift driving mechanism 9 of the present embodiment includes a motor 901, a screw 906, a screw nut 903 and a screw nut seat 904, wherein the motor 901 is fixedly mounted on a fixed plate 4 by a motor mounting seat 902, an output shaft of the motor 901 is fixedly connected to one end of the screw 906 by a coupling, the other end of the screw 906 is screw-connected to the screw nut 903, the screw nut 903 passes through the screw nut seat 904 (a C-shaped hole through which the screw nut 903 passes is processed on the screw nut seat 904), and a head of the screw nut 903 is pressed against an upper surface of the screw nut seat 904, and the screw nut seat 904 is fixedly connected to a movable plate.
One side surface of the screw nut 903 abuts against the side surface of the movable plate, when the motor 901 rotates downwards, the screw 906 and the screw nut 903 rotate, the screw nut 903 moves downwards along the central axis of the screw, and the head of the screw nut 903 presses on the screw nut seat 904, so that the screw nut seat 904 and the movable plate move downwards together, namely, the height of the movable plate is adjusted downwards. When the motor 901 rotates upwards, the movable plate moves upwards under the action of the elastic restoring force of the elastic mechanism, and in the upward movement process, the head of the screw nut 903 always presses the upper surface of the screw nut seat 904, and the upward movement is finished until the upper limit is reached.
In this embodiment, the motor mounting seat 902 is processed into an L-shaped structure, wherein a circular step hole matched with the motor is processed on the bottom plate of the motor mounting seat 902, the motor shaft passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the vertical plate of the motor mounting seat 902 is fixedly mounted on the fixing plate 4. A sensor mounting seat 905 is fixedly mounted above the screw nut 903, the displacement sensor 1002 is mounted on the sensor mounting seat 905, and the sensing plate 1001 is correspondingly and fixedly mounted on the screw nut seat 904. When the up-and-down movement of the movable plate is controlled by the motor 901, since the head of the lead screw nut 903 is not always separated from the upper surface of the lead screw nut seat 904, there is no relative displacement between the displacement sensor 1002 and the sensing plate 1001. It should be noted that when the wheel is pressed against the movable plate, the motor 901 cannot act, otherwise the up-and-down movement of the movable plate may affect the measurement of the displacement sensor. In addition, a screw support base 907 is fixed on the vertical plate of the motor mounting base 902 in this embodiment (in this embodiment, the screw support base 907 directly adopts a BK12 base standard component), the screw 906 passes through the screw support base 907 and is connected with the motor shaft, and the screw 906 is supported by the screw support base 907.
Example 5
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in embodiment 4, and mainly differs from the device in that: as shown in fig. 5 and 11, in this embodiment, a second slider 908 is fixed on a side of the sensor mounting seat 905 near the movable plate, a second guide rail 909 matching with the second slider 908 is fixed on the movable plate, and the mounting direction of the second guide rail 909 is parallel to the mounting direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the movable plate and the fixed plate 4.
One side surface of the screw nut 903 is tightly attached to the side surface of the movable plate, and when the motor 901 drives the screw to rotate, the screw nut 903 does not rotate together, but only moves up and down along the central axis direction of the screw. However, due to processing and assembly errors, it is difficult to closely attach the side of the screw nut to the movable plate, but there is a certain gap, and although the gap is small, when the screw is rotated or impacted by the screw nut seat 904, the screw nut 903 may rotate in a limited gap, thereby causing inaccurate data acquisition. In order to solve the problem, in this embodiment, the second slider 908 is fixed to the side of the sensor mounting base 905 close to the movable plate, and the second guide rail 909 that mates with the second slider is provided on the movable plate, so that the gap between the screw nut 903 and the movable plate can be effectively eliminated. When the servo motor 901 is lifted, there is no relative movement between the second slider 908 and the second rail 909. When the movable plate is pressed by the wheel, the sensor mount 905 is held stationary and the second guide rail 909 moves downward together with the movable plate.
The online dynamic measurement device adopting the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) The lifting process of the movable plate comprises the following steps: according to the rim height of the train wheels to be detected, the motor 901 is controlled to lift, so that the movable plate can only be lifted to a specified position, and the wheel rims of the movable plate can only be pushed down by specified displacement, namely, according to different wheel rim heights, the movable plate is adjusted to be at different heights, so that the same pushing-down amount of the movable plate under the rolling action of the train wheels is ensured, and the impact force of the wheels on the movable plate is reduced. When the device is closed and stops working, the movable plate is lowered to a specified position, and the rim of the wheel cannot be pressed to the movable plate no matter what the height of the rim of the passing wheel is.
(2) The detection process of the wheel comprises the following steps: when the movable plate is lifted to a specified position, there is no relative displacement between the displacement sensor 1002 and the sensing plate 1001, and at this time, the motor 901 stops lifting. When the movable plate is pressed on by the wheel 7, the movable plate is pressed down by the wheel rim to generate displacement obliquely downwards along the direction of the sliding rail, and in the descending process of the movable plate, the screw nut 903 is kept still, but the screw nut seat 904 moves downwards along with the movable plate, at this time, relative displacement is generated between the displacement sensor 1002 and the displacement sensing plate 1001, and the displacement of the movable plate pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes can be obtained through conversion. When the wheel leaves, the movable plate is restored to the position designated when the motor 901 is lifted up and down by the elastic mechanism.
Example 6
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in embodiment 5, and mainly differs from the device in that: at least two mutually parallel sliding rail mechanisms are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, and the sliding rail mechanisms are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, so that the structural stability of the whole device is improved, and the impact action of wheels on the measuring device is effectively reduced. In this embodiment, two sliding rail mechanisms are provided, which are respectively located at two ends of the movable plate. Specifically, the sliding rail mechanism of the present embodiment includes a first slider 801 and a first guide rail 802, where the first slider 801 and the first guide rail 802 are respectively and correspondingly installed on the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, and the fixed plate 4 is provided with a guide rail installation seat 803, and the first guide rail 802 is fixedly installed in the guide rail installation seat 803.
In order to facilitate the installation of the first rail 802, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a rail mounting surface 8031 on the top of the rail mounting seat 803 in this embodiment is processed to be open on one side of an L-shaped step structure, and a rail mounting hole 8032 is correspondingly processed on the rail mounting surface 8031. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, a pressing plate 804 is further mounted on the side surface of the guide rail mounting seat 803 through a bolt, and the pressing plate 804 is provided with two pressing claws 8041, wherein one pressing claw 8041 presses the side surface of the guide rail mounting seat 803, and the other pressing claw 8041 presses the side surface of the first guide rail 802, so that the effect of firmly fixing the slide rail is achieved.
Example 7
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in embodiment 5, and mainly differs from the device in that: the elastic mechanism comprises an elastic element 6, two ends of the elastic element 6 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the movable plate and the fixed plate 4, and the installation direction of the elastic element 6 is parallel to the sliding rail mechanism.
Specifically, the elastic element 6 in this embodiment adopts a tension spring, the fixed plate 4 and the movable plate are respectively provided with a first fixing pin 601 and a second fixing pin 602, two ends of the tension spring are respectively fixedly connected with the first fixing pin 601 and the second fixing pin 602, and the height of the first fixing pin 601 is higher than that of the second fixing pin 602 (when the movable plate is at the upper limit position, the distance between the two fixing pins is still greater than the original length of the tension spring, i.e. the tension spring is always in a tensile deformation state). Specifically, the two ends of the tension spring are respectively provided with a spring hook, the first fixing pin 601 and the second fixing pin 602 are respectively provided with a hook groove corresponding to the spring hook, and the spring hooks at the two ends of the tension spring are respectively hooked and installed in the spring hook grooves on the first fixing pin 601 and the second fixing pin 602.
Example 8
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in embodiment 7, and mainly differs from the device in that: the elastic element 6 of the embodiment adopts a compression spring structure, and the fixed plate and the movable plate are respectively provided with a spring mounting seat 604 and a spring pressing plate 603 correspondingly (the height of the spring mounting seat 604 is always lower than that of the spring pressing plate 603), and the elastic element 6 is mounted in the spring mounting seat and pressed by the spring pressing plate 603. Specifically, as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the spring mounting seat 604 and the spring pressing plate 603 in this embodiment have the same structure, and are each provided with a spring hole corresponding to the compression spring, the bottom of the spring is mounted in the spring mounting seat, and the head portion of the spring is sunk into the spring hole on the spring pressing plate.
When the elastic element 6 adopts a tension spring structure, the distance between the two spring pins is larger than the initial length of the spring even if the movable plate is at the upper limit position, so that the spring is always under tension once being mounted on the device, and the service life of the spring is reduced when the spring is in tension for a long time. Therefore, the embodiment adopts the pressure spring to replace the tension spring, so that the service life of the spring can be prolonged, and the pressure spring has a plurality of types, including but not limited to steel wire springs and gas springs.
The spring pin is replaced by a spring mounting seat and a spring pressing plate, the spring mounting seat is mounted on the lower portion of the fixing plate, the spring pressing plate is mounted on the upper portion of the sliding plate, the spring is mounted in the spring mounting seat, the spring pressing plate presses the spring, and when the sliding plate moves downwards, the distance between the spring pressing plate and the spring mounting seat is reduced, and the spring is compressed.
Example 9
The device for detecting the tread defect of the train wheel in the embodiment basically has the same structure as that in embodiment 7, and mainly differs from the device in that: the movable plate of the embodiment comprises a pedal 2 and a sliding plate 3, wherein the pedal 2 is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate 3 (the top surface of the pedal is always contacted with the rim of a wheel of a train when the pedal 2 is positioned on the inner side of a track and the wheel is pressed by the pedal), and a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism are arranged between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate 4. In this embodiment, the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 are fixedly connected through bolts, i.e. the movable plate is designed into a split type connection structure, so that only the pedal 2 needs to be replaced during replacement.
Example 10
The device for detecting a tread defect of a train wheel in this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 9 in structure, and mainly differs in that: in this embodiment, the pedals 2 and the sliding plates 3 all adopt a sectional connection structure, wherein adjacent sliding plates 3 are connected through interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between the adjacent sliding plates 3 are mutually overlapped to form an interlocking structure. As shown in fig. 4, 8 and 12, two ends of the same sliding plate 3 are respectively provided with a first interlocking block 12 and a second interlocking block 13, and a first interlocking plane 1201 on the first interlocking block 12 and a second interlocking plane 1301 of the second interlocking block 13 form a lap joint interlocking structure.
As shown in fig. 13, the pedal 2 of the present embodiment adopts an elastic pedal structure, specifically including an upper pedal 201 and a lower pedal 202, and an elastic pad 203 is provided between the upper pedal 201 and the lower pedal 202, and the elastic pad 203 is made of an elastic material such as rubber. More optimizedThe lower surface of the upper pedal 201 in this embodiment isA shaped notch, the upper surface of the lower pedal 202 is +.>A shaped notch, the lower surface of the upper pedal 201 and the upper surface of the lower pedal 202 enclose +.>A shaped void, and->The shaped gap is completely->The shaped elastic pad 203 is filled so that the lower surface of the upper pedal 201 is spaced apart from the upper surface of the lower pedal 202 by the elastic pad 203, so that shock on the upper pedal 201 is completely absorbed by the elastic pad 203 and cannot be directly transmitted to the lower pedal 202.
Example 11
The device for detecting a tread defect of a train wheel according to this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 10 in structure, and mainly differs in that: in this embodiment, two sides of the bottom plate 5, which are located on the track 1, are respectively provided with a pressing block 501 and a pressing block 502, the pressing block 501 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 5 through bolts and is pressed and fixed on one side bottom of the track 1, a seam matched with the side edge of the bottom of the track 1 is formed between the pressing block 502 and the bottom plate 5, and the bottom plate is pressed and fixed on the bottom of the track through the action between the pressing block 502 and the pressing block 501. In the embodiment, a reinforcing rib 11 is arranged between the fixed plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, and the reinforcing rib 11 is L-shaped and is respectively connected with the fixed plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 through two bolts; the bottom plate 5 is also provided with a through hole for the motor 901 to pass through.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above by way of illustration and not limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the drawings in which the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, the structural mode and the embodiments similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A device for detecting defects of a tread of a train wheel, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a movable plate, a fixed plate (4), a movable plate displacement sensing unit and a movable plate balancing mechanism, wherein the movable plate, the fixed plate (4) and the movable plate displacement sensing unit are arranged on the inner side of a track (1) and are parallel to the track (1), the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate (4) through a sliding rail mechanism and an elastic mechanism, and two ends of the movable plate are rotationally connected with the movable plate balancing mechanism;
the movable plate balance mechanism comprises a sliding block fixed plate (1403) and a swinging rod (1404), wherein one end of the swinging rod (1404) is rotationally connected with the movable plate, the other end of the swinging rod is rotationally connected with the sliding block fixed plate (1403), the movable plate and the swinging rod (1404) jointly form a parallelogram mechanism, and the sliding block fixed plate (1403) is slidably arranged on the bottom plate (5) through a sliding rail mechanism.
2. A device for detecting defects of treads of wheels of trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: bearings are mounted at two ends of the swing rod (1404), the bearings are rotationally connected with the movable plate and the sliding block fixing plate (1403) through bearing pins, and the bottom plate (5) is tightly fixed at the bottom of the track (1).
3. A device for detecting defects of treads of wheels of trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: the movable plate is connected with a lifting driving mechanism (9), and the lifting driving mechanism (9) is used for adjusting the height of the movable plate.
4. A device for detecting defects of treads of wheels of trains according to claim 3, characterized in that: the lifting driving mechanism (9) comprises a motor (901), a screw (906), a screw nut (903) and a screw nut seat (904), wherein an output shaft of the motor (901) is fixedly connected with one end of the screw (906), the other end of the screw (906) penetrates through the screw nut (903) and is in threaded connection with the screw nut (903), the screw nut (903) penetrates through the screw nut seat (904), and the screw nut seat (904) is fixedly connected with the movable plate.
5. The apparatus for detecting defects of treads of wheels of trains according to claim 4, wherein: the motor (901) is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate (4) through a motor mounting seat (902), a sensor mounting seat (905) is fixedly arranged above the screw nut (903), a displacement sensor (1002) is arranged on the sensor mounting seat (905), and the induction plate (1001) is correspondingly arranged on the screw nut seat (904).
6. The apparatus for detecting a tread defect of a train wheel according to claim 5, wherein: a second sliding block (908) is fixed on one side, close to the movable plate, of the sensor mounting seat (905), a second guide rail (909) matched with the second sliding block is fixed on the movable plate, and the mounting direction of the second guide rail is parallel to the mounting direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the movable plate and the fixed plate (4).
7. A device for detecting defects of treads of wheels of trains according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: at least two parallel slide rail mechanisms are arranged between the movable plate and the fixed plate (4), and the slide rail mechanisms are obliquely arranged relative to the movable plate and the fixed plate (4); the elastic mechanism comprises an elastic element (6), two ends of the elastic element (6) are respectively and fixedly arranged on the movable plate and the fixed plate (4), and the installation direction of the elastic element (6) is parallel to the sliding rail mechanism.
8. A device for detecting defects of treads of wheels of trains according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the movable plate comprises a pedal (2) and a sliding plate (3), and the pedal (2) is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate (3); the pedal (2) and the sliding plates (3) are of a sectional connection structure, wherein adjacent sliding plates (3) are connected through interlocking blocks, and the interlocking blocks between the adjacent sliding plates (3) are mutually overlapped to form an interlocking structure; the pedal (2) preferably comprises an upper pedal (201) and a lower pedal (202), and an elastic pad (203) is arranged between the upper pedal (201) and the lower pedal (202).
9. A method for detecting a tread defect of a train wheel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: use of the device according to any one of claims 1-8, in the following process:
step one, height adjustment of a movable plate: according to the rim height of the train wheels to be detected, controlling the motor (901) to lift to enable the movable plate to lift to a designated position, and stopping the motor (901) at the moment;
step two, a wheel detection process: when the movable plate is pressed by the wheel (7), the movable plate is pressed down by the wheel rim of the wheel (7) to generate displacement obliquely downwards along the direction of the sliding rail, the screw nut (903) is kept motionless in the descending process of the movable plate, the screw nut seat (904) moves downwards along with the movable plate, at the moment, the displacement sensor (1002) generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate (1001), and the displacement of the movable plate pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes is obtained through conversion; the radial runout, tread scratch and abrasion conditions of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor (1002) in the whole circumference of the wheel tread;
step three, when the wheel (7) leaves, the movable plate is restored to the appointed position when the motor (901) is lifted under the action of the elastic mechanism; at this time, the motor (901) continues to start to work, and the movable plate is driven to descend to a specified position, and the wheel rim cannot be pressed to the movable plate no matter what the height of the rim of the passing wheel.
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| CN110803190A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-18 | 安徽富煌钢构股份有限公司 | Dynamic detection system and equipment thereof under high-speed running state of train |
| CN112406951B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-03-22 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Rail vehicle, control method and control system for tread profile of rail vehicle |
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