CN110962882B - System and method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness - Google Patents
System and method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness Download PDFInfo
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- CN110962882B CN110962882B CN201811498860.7A CN201811498860A CN110962882B CN 110962882 B CN110962882 B CN 110962882B CN 201811498860 A CN201811498860 A CN 201811498860A CN 110962882 B CN110962882 B CN 110962882B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit. The invention relates to a system for accurately detecting scratch and out-of-roundness of a tread of a wheel, which comprises a front mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the front mechanism and the detection mechanism are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the warehouse-in direction of a train, the front mechanism is used for detecting the height of the rim of the wheel to be detected, the detection mechanism is used for detecting the radial runout of the wheel, the detection mechanism comprises a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly, the pedal, the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are arranged on the inner side of the track and are mutually parallel, the sliding plate is connected with the pedal and the fixed plate assembly through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal; the sliding plate is also connected with the driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the real-time dynamic detection of the radial runout of the tread of the train wheel can be realized, and the detection precision and the structural stability of the detection device are effectively improved relative to the existing detection mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and particularly relates to a system and a method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness.
Background
The train can appear wearing and tearing of different degree at the in-process of operation, wearing and tearing can exert an influence to the safe operation of wheel, and wherein the wheel tread that the uneven wearing and tearing leads to rubs and radial runout all can lead to the wheel tread to lose the circle, and the wheel tread loses the circle and constitutes serious threat to the operation safety of train, makes train vehicle to the power effect of circuit and self greatly increase, still can bring additional vibration and impact simultaneously, reduces the critical speed of train for the stationarity and the travelling comfort of train worsen. Therefore, the out-of-roundness measurement of the tread of the wheel is of great significance to the safe running of the train.
The detection method of the wheel out-of-roundness mainly comprises static detection and dynamic detection, wherein the static detection is required to be carried out under the condition that a train is stopped or wheels are dismounted, so that the method not only occupies the turnaround time of the train, but also is low in speed and high in labor intensity. The dynamic monitoring can realize the on-line monitoring of the wheel sets, has high degree of automation, does not occupy the vehicle turnover time, is convenient for storing information materials, and adopts a vibration acceleration detection method and a contact measurement method at present. The vibration acceleration detection method extracts out-of-roundness information of wheels by analyzing the vibration condition of the acquired rail when the whole train passes through the detection point, but the method is affected by vibration attenuation of a sensor mounting clamp and a sleeper, and has low measurement accuracy.
The contact measurement method is typically a parallelogram method, such as the application number 200720082608.9, the invention is entitled: on-line dynamic detection device for plug injury and out-of-roundness of lifting wheel tread, with application number of 201210307496.8, and the invention is named: the application of the on-line detection device for the tread insertion injury and out-of-roundness of the wheel discloses an on-line measurement method of a parallelogram structure and improvement thereof, a displacement sensor in the application is connected with a support fixed on a steel rail forming one side of the parallelogram mechanism, the sensor can directly measure the variation of the relative height of the tread and the rim of the wheel, the displacement sensor records the diameter condition of the circumference of the whole tread, and when the tread is out-of-roundness, the sensor outputs a curve, thereby obtaining out-of-roundness, but the method is not suitable for detection under the condition of high-speed passing of a train, and the detection precision is to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of the radial runout detection of the existing train wheel tread and provides a system and a method for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the real-time dynamic detection of the radial runout of the tread of the train wheel can be realized, and the detection precision and the structural stability of the detection device are effectively improved relative to the existing detection mechanism.
2. Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a system for accurately detecting scratch and out-of-roundness of a tread of a wheel, which comprises a front mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the front mechanism and the detection mechanism are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the warehouse-in direction of a train, the front mechanism is used for detecting the height of the rim of the wheel to be detected, the detection mechanism is used for detecting the radial runout of the wheel, the detection mechanism comprises a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly, the pedal, the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are arranged on the inner side of the track and are mutually parallel, the sliding plate is connected with the pedal and the fixed plate assembly through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal; the sliding plate is also connected with the driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism.
Further, the swing rod transmission mechanism comprises an upper slide block fixing plate, a swing rod and a lower slide block fixing plate, wherein two ends of the swing rod are respectively connected with the upper slide block fixing plate and the lower slide block fixing plate in a rotating way to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper slide block fixing plate is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the lower slide block fixing plate is connected with the driving mechanism in a driving way, and the lower slide block fixing plate is driven by the driving mechanism to move along the horizontal direction.
Further, the swing rod transmission mechanism is slidably connected with the bottom plate assembly through the sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate assembly is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track; the fixed plate assembly and the driving mechanism are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly.
Furthermore, the detection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the double-side rails, and the number of the detection mechanisms on the same side is more than or equal to 2; the front of the front mechanism is also provided with a trigger mechanism, and the trigger mechanism comprises a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel which are arranged at intervals along the inner side of the unilateral track.
Further, the driving mechanism adopts a motor or a servo electric cylinder as a driving source.
Further, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a screw and a screw nut, wherein an output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected with one end of the screw, the other end of the screw passes through the screw nut and is in threaded connection with the screw nut, and the screw nut is fixedly connected with the swing rod transmission mechanism.
Furthermore, the end part of the screw rod is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic brake.
Further, the fixing plate assembly comprises a main fixing plate, end fixing plates positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate and an upper sealing plate positioned at the top of the main fixing plate, and the main fixing plate, the end fixing plates and the upper sealing plate jointly surround to form a box-type structure; furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate is arranged between the pedal and the sliding plate.
Further, the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the pedal is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate; the pedal is fixedly provided with a displacement sensing plate, and a displacement sensor which is fixedly installed is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate.
Further, the elastic element adopts a tension spring or a compression spring; furthermore, the elastic element is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate through the elastic element support, an elastic element supporting plate which acts on the end part of the piston rod of the elastic element is correspondingly arranged on the pedal, an elastic element adjusting plate is also fixed on the sliding plate, a jackscrew and a nut are arranged on the elastic element adjusting plate, and the jackscrew is just opposite to the top surface of the elastic element supporting plate for installation.
Furthermore, the structure of the front-end mechanism is the same as that of the detection mechanism, and the upper surface of the pedal of the front-end mechanism sequentially comprises an ascending section, a horizontal section and a descending section along the warehousing direction of the train.
The invention relates to a method for accurately detecting the scratch and out-of-roundness of a tread of a wheel, which adopts the detection system of the invention, and the detection process is as follows:
step one, judging whether a train enters or exits
Judging the warehouse-in and warehouse-out of the train according to the triggering sequence of the triggering unit, and if the train is warehouse-in, controlling the front mechanism and the detection mechanism to start by a control system so as to prepare for wheel detection; if the train is delivered, the front-end mechanism and the detection mechanism are not started;
step two, detecting the rim height of the train wheel
When the train is put in storage and passes through the front-end mechanism, the front-end mechanism detects the rim height of the wheels of the train and feeds the rim height back to the control system;
step three, regulating the prepressing amount of the pedal of the detection mechanism
According to the detection result of the front-end mechanism, the driving mechanism is controlled to operate by the control system, so that the initial height of the pedal in the detection mechanism is adjusted, and the driving mechanism stops operating when the pre-pressing amount of the pedal is in a set range;
fourth, defect detection of train wheels
When the train wheels pass through the detection mechanism, the radial runout of the tread of the train wheels is detected by the detection mechanism.
Further, when the front-mounted mechanism detects that the rim of the second wheel is high, the first wheel does not pass through the detection mechanism, at the moment, each detection mechanism firstly judges whether the first wheel is separated or not, and if the first wheel is separated, the detection mechanism is lifted to a proper position according to the current position and the rim height of the second wheel; if the first wheel has not been moved away or has not reached the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism begins to lift up and down until the first wheel has been moved away.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) The system for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and the out-of-roundness comprises the front mechanism and the detection mechanism which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the warehouse-in direction of a train, the rim heights of the wheels of the train to be detected are detected through the front mechanism and fed back to the control system, and the initial heights of the detection mechanisms are controlled through the control system to be adjusted, so that the detection requirements of the wheels with different rims and high heights can be met, the detection mechanisms are prevented from being impacted greatly when the wheels impact the detection mechanisms rapidly, the service lives of the mechanisms are prolonged, the influence of impact vibration on the detection precision is reduced, and the measurement precision is guaranteed.
(2) The invention relates to a system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of a tread of a wheel, which comprises a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly, wherein the pedal, the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are arranged on the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, the sliding plate is connected with a driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism, when the wheel is pressed across the surface of the pedal, the pedal moves downwards relative to the sliding plate along a sliding rail mechanism, at the moment, the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are kept relatively static, and the radial runout of the tread of the wheel of the train can be dynamically measured on line by changing the downward displacement of the pedal relative to the sliding plate within the whole circumference range of the running of the wheel of the train, so that the measuring efficiency is greatly improved, and the measuring precision and the structural stability of the whole measuring device are obviously improved compared with the existing parallelogram measuring mechanism.
(3) According to the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel, the elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal, and the pedal can automatically return to the initial position under the action of the restoring force of the elastic element when the wheel leaves. Simultaneously, the sliding plate is connected with the driving mechanism through the swing rod transmission mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the sliding plate to conduct lifting movement before the train arrives, so that the pedal and the sliding plate can synchronously lift under the action of the elastic element, the initial height of the pedal can be adjusted, the measurement requirements of wheels with different rims and high wheels can be met, the wheels are prevented from causing larger impact on the pedal, and the measurement accuracy is guaranteed.
(4) The invention relates to a system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of a tread of a wheel, wherein a swing rod transmission mechanism comprises an upper sliding block fixing plate, a swing rod and a lower sliding block fixing plate.
(5) The system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel is characterized in that the front end of the front mechanism at the inner side of the track is also provided with the trigger mechanism, the trigger mechanism comprises the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel which are arranged at intervals along the inner side of the track, and the warehouse-in and warehouse-out of the train can be judged according to the trigger sequence of the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel, so that the starting or not of the front mechanism and the detection mechanism can be conveniently determined. In addition, the running speed of the train can be measured through the arrangement of the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel.
(6) The system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel is characterized in that the detection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the double-side tracks, the number of the detection mechanisms on the same side is more than or equal to 2, the detection of the whole tread circumference of the wheel is particularly satisfied, the detection requirements of different wheels in front and back can be satisfied by adopting the design, and the influence of the detection mechanism on the detection result caused by that the previous wheel does not leave the detection mechanism and the next wheel enters the detection mechanism is prevented.
(7) The driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a screw and a screw nut, wherein the motor drives the screw to rotate, so that the screw nut horizontally moves along the axis of the screw, thereby driving the swing rod transmission mechanism to move, and the lifting adjustment of the sliding plate can be realized by means of the swing rod transmission mechanism.
(8) According to the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel, the end part of the screw rod is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic brake, when the motor is driven, the electromagnetic brake is started to brake, and the motor can smoothly move the sliding plate up and down; when the wheel presses the pedal, the motor keeps still, the electromagnetic brake works and keeps braking, so that the screw nut can be ensured not to horizontally move, and further, the sliding plate can be prevented from vertically moving under the rolling action of the wheel to influence the accuracy of the measurement result.
(9) The invention relates to a system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of a tread of a wheel, which comprises a main fixing plate, end fixing plates positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate and an upper sealing plate positioned at the top of the main fixing plate, wherein the main fixing plate, the end fixing plates and the upper sealing plate jointly surround to form a box-type structure, so that the structural strength and the stability of the whole detection device and the stability of relative movement among a sliding plate, a pedal and the fixing plate assembly can be further improved. And an intermediate fixing plate is further arranged between the sliding plate and the pedal, so that the structural stability of the device is further improved.
(10) According to the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel, the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the pedal is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate, so that the stability of the structure and the operation of the whole measuring device is improved, the impact of the wheel on the detecting device is reduced effectively, and the accuracy of a measuring result is ensured. The pedal is fixedly provided with the displacement sensing plate, the upper part or the lower part of the displacement sensing plate is correspondingly provided with the fixedly installed displacement sensor, and the radial runout condition of the wheel can be directly obtained by processing the change data of the distance between the displacement sensor and the displacement sensing plate.
(11) According to the method for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and the out-of-roundness, the rim height of the wheel is detected in advance through the front-mounted mechanism, and then the lifting driving mechanism is controlled to operate through the control system so as to detect the initial height of the pedal in the detecting mechanism, so that the detecting requirements of wheels with different rim heights can be met, and the impact effect on the pedal is reduced. Meanwhile, the structure of the detection mechanism is optimally designed, so that the stability of the structure of the detection mechanism and the accuracy of the radial runout, tread scratch and abrasion detection data of the wheel tread can be effectively improved, and the detection speed is high. At present, the existing contact method detection mechanism can only reach the detection precision of 0.3mm, and the running speed of a train during detection is very low, but the invention can reach the detection precision of 0.1mm at the speed of 25 km/h.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a detection mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the mounting plate assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a disassembly structure of the detection mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a disassembly structure of the detection mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a slide plate lifting drive and transmission mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the floor assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lifting driving mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the spiral tension spring of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the spring pin of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scrub damage and out-of-roundness in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a control schematic of the method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the front mechanism pedal of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. a track; 2. a pedal; 201. an uphill section; 202. a horizontal section; 203. a downhill section; 3. a sliding plate; 4. a fixed plate assembly; 401. a main fixing plate; 402. an end fixing plate; 403. an upper sealing plate; 404. a middle fixing plate; 5. a base plate assembly; 501. a bottom support plate; 502. a first rail pressure plate; 503. a press plate bolt; 504. a press plate nut; 505. a pull rod bolt; 506. a fixed ear; 507. reinforcing ribs; 508. a second rail pressing plate; 6. a driving mechanism; 601. a driving motor; 602. a motor mounting seat; 603. a screw rod; 604. a lead screw nut; 605. a screw rod fixing seat; 701. a first slide rail; 702. a second slide rail; 703. a third slide rail; 704. a fourth slide rail; 8. an elastic element; 801. an elastic element support; 802. an elastic element adjusting plate; 803. an elastic element support plate; 804. a spring pin; 805. a hooking groove; 901. a displacement sensor; 902. a sensor mount; 903. a displacement sensing plate; 10. a swing rod transmission mechanism; 1001. an upper slider fixing plate; 1002. swing rod; 1003. a lower slider fixing plate; 1004. a slide block; 1005. a guide rail; 1006; a nut connecting rod; 11. an electromagnetic brake; 1201. a first magnetic steel; 1202. a second magnetic steel; 13. a front-end mechanism; 1401. a first detection mechanism; 1402. a second detection mechanism; 1403. a third detection mechanism; 1404. and a fourth detection mechanism.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 10, the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel in this embodiment includes a front mechanism 13 and a detection mechanism sequentially installed inside a track along the warehouse-in direction of a train, wherein the front mechanism 13 is used for detecting the rim height of the wheel to be detected, and the detection mechanism is used for detecting the radial runout of the wheel. The detection mechanism and the front mechanism 13 are both connected with the control system in a control way, and the front mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism are controlled to start and stop by the control system.
According to the embodiment, the front mechanism is added in front of the detection mechanism (in the direction of entering a train), the rim height of the wheel to be detected is measured through the front mechanism 13, and the lifting driving mechanism 6 is controlled to operate according to the measured rim height and the current position of the detection mechanism through the control system, so that the initial height of the detection mechanism is adjusted, the prepressing amount of the detection mechanism is ensured to belong to a set range, the impact force on the detection mechanism when the wheel rapidly impacts the detection mechanism can be reduced, the service life of the mechanism is prolonged, and the influence of impact vibration on the detection precision is reduced. The pre-load amount herein refers to the amount of displacement in the vertical direction that occurs when the pedal of the wheel-pressure detecting mechanism is pressed. The structure of the front mechanism is not required, and the existing on-line detection device for the rim height of any wheel can be directly adopted, so long as the rim height of the wheel can be detected.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the detection mechanism of the present embodiment includes a pedal 2, a sliding plate 3 and a fixed plate assembly 4, which are installed inside a track 1 and are parallel to each other, the sliding plate 3 is connected with the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element 8 is connected between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2; the sliding plate 3 is also connected with the driving mechanism 6 through a swing rod transmission mechanism 10.
The train wheel comprises a tread part and a rim part, wherein the tread is out of round due to long-term contact wear of the tread and the rail, and the rim is not contacted with other objects and is still a standard circle. Therefore, when different positions of the tread of the wheel contact with the steel rail, the distances from the top point of the rim to the top surface of the steel rail are different. According to the embodiment, the pedal 2 is arranged on the rail, when a wheel passes through, the top surface of the pedal 2 always keeps contact with the top point of the wheel rim, the pedal 2 generates downward displacement under the action of the pressing of the wheel rim, the displacement changes along with the difference of contact points of the tread and the rail, and the out-of-round condition of the tread of the wheel can be depicted by collecting the displacement change of the pedal 2 in the process of the wheel passing through the pedal 2.
In actual use, the wheel rims of all wheels on a train are different in height, and the pedal 2 is higher than the wheel rims by a certain value to serve as a pre-pressing amount when in measurement, the pre-pressing amount cannot be too large, otherwise, the wheels can seriously strike the pedal 2, so that the pedal 2 is damaged, and the measurement accuracy is reduced; the amount of pre-load must not be too small either, or the wheel rim will not press the pedal 2, resulting in no data being detected. In the embodiment, through the split structural design of the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4, the action of the driving mechanism 6 is matched, so that the measurement of the defect of the tread of the wheel can be realized, the initial height of the pedal 2 can be adjusted, the measurement requirements of wheels with different rims and high wheels are met, the larger impact of the wheels on the pedal 2 is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is ensured. Specifically, before the train arrives, according to the rim height of the wheel of the train to be tested, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, so as to drive the sliding plate 3 to lift relative to the fixed plate assembly 4, and under the action of the elastic element 8, the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 lift synchronously, so that the initial height of the pedal 2 is adjusted. When the height of the pedal 2 reaches the set value, the driving mechanism 6 stops working.
When the pedal 2 is pressed on the wheels of the train, the pedal 2 moves downwards relative to the sliding plate 3 along the sliding rail mechanism under the rolling action of the wheels, and at the moment, the sliding plate 3 does not slide relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the supporting action of the driving mechanism 6; when the train wheels leave the pedal 2, the pedal 2 gradually and automatically returns upwards relative to the sliding plate 3 along the sliding rail mechanism under the action of the restoring force of the elastic element 8, and the radial runout, the tread scratch and the abrasion data of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the downward-pressing displacement data of the pedal 2, so that the online dynamic measurement of the train wheel defects is realized, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved. According to the embodiment, through the structural optimization design of the detection device, the movement of the pedal 2 is guided by means of the sliding rail mechanism, and the pedal is returned to move under the action of the elastic element 8, so that the structural stability and the measurement precision of the measurement device are improved effectively relative to the existing parallelogram measurement mechanism.
Specifically, if the tread of the wheel is not scratched, the vertical position of the tread relative to the steel rail is unchanged in the whole circumference of the tread, and the pressing displacement of the pedal 2 is kept unchanged; if the tread of the wheel is scratched or uneven in abrasion, the relative height from the tread to the top of the rim changes, the vertical position of the pedal 2 and the steel rail also changes relatively, and the change of the vertical height of the pedal 2 is the magnitude of the scratch. And meanwhile, the pressing displacement of the pedal 2 is compared with a new wheel without abrasion, so that the abrasion of the tread of the wheel can be obtained. In this embodiment, a displacement sensing plate 903 is fixed on the pedal 2, a displacement sensor 901 is fixedly installed above or below the displacement sensing plate 903, and when the pedal 2 is pressed by a wheel, the displacement sensing plate 903 is lifted synchronously with the pedal 2, and the displacement sensor 901 is fixed, so that radial runout of the tread of the wheel can be directly obtained through displacement variation between the displacement sensor 901 and the displacement sensing plate 903 in the rolling process of the wheel.
Example 2
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness in this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1 in structure, and mainly differs in that: as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the swing link transmission mechanism 10 of this embodiment includes an upper slider fixing plate 1001, a swing link 1002 and a lower slider fixing plate 1003, where two ends of a plurality of parallel swing links 1002 are respectively rotatably connected with the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 to form a parallelogram mechanism (in this embodiment, bearings are respectively mounted at two ends of the swing link 1002, and bearing pins matched with the bearings are respectively fixed on the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003, so as to realize rotational connection between the swing link 1002 and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003). The upper slider fixing plate 1001 is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 3, the lower slider fixing plate 1003 is in driving connection with the driving mechanism 6, the lower slider fixing plate 1003 is driven to move along the horizontal direction by the driving mechanism 6, and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 moves up and down under the action of the swing rod 1002, so that the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 are driven to synchronously move up and down. According to the embodiment, through the arrangement of the swing rod transmission mechanism and the optimized design of the structure of the swing rod transmission mechanism, on one hand, stability of lifting motion of the sliding plate 3 is guaranteed, the sliding plate 3 is effectively prevented from tilting when the wheel is pressed by the pedal 2, on the other hand, the installation space of the driving mechanism 6 can be effectively saved, and the horizontal motion of the output end of the driving mechanism 6 is directly converted into the lifting motion of the sliding plate 3.
Example 3
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 2, and is mainly different in that: the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 of the embodiment is slidably connected with the bottom plate assembly 5 through a sliding rail mechanism, the bottom plate assembly 5 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track 1, and the fixed plate assembly 4 and the driving mechanism 6 are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly 5. Specifically, the sliding rail mechanism includes a sliding block 1004 and a guiding rail 1005, wherein the guiding rail 1005 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate assembly 5, the sliding blocks are fixedly installed at intervals at the bottom of the lower sliding block fixing plate 1003, and when the driving mechanism 6 works, the lower sliding block fixing plate 1003 is driven to horizontally move along the linear guiding rail 1005, so that the stability of the movement of the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 is guaranteed.
Example 4
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 3, and is mainly different in that: the detection mechanisms of the embodiment are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the double-side tracks, the number of the detection mechanisms on the same side is more than or equal to 2, and the sum of the lengths of the detection mechanisms on each side is larger than the circumference of the wheels, so that the circumferential data of the tread of the wheels, which are larger than the circumference of the wheels, can be ensured to be detected, simultaneously, the requirements for detecting the front wheels and the rear wheels can be met, and the influence of the detection mechanism, which is caused by the fact that the front wheels do not leave the detection mechanisms and the rear wheels enter the detection mechanisms, is prevented. Wherein the first detecting mechanism keeps a certain distance from the front mechanism 13, and the time for the wheels to travel the distance can meet the time for the detecting mechanism to adjust the pre-pressing amount.
In this embodiment, a triggering mechanism is further disposed in front of the front mechanism 13, and the triggering mechanism includes a first magnetic steel 1201 and a second magnetic steel 1202 that are disposed at intervals along the inner side of the unilateral track. The entering and exiting of the train can be judged according to the triggering sequence of the first magnetic steel 1201 and the second magnetic steel 1202, so that whether the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism are started or not can be conveniently determined. Specifically, when the triggering sequence of the magnetic steels is the first magnetic steel 1201-the second magnetic steel 1202, the train is put in storage, and the front-end mechanism and the detection mechanism are started to prepare for wheel detection; when the triggering sequence of the magnetic steel is the second magnetic steel 1202-the first magnetic steel 1201, the train is out of stock, all the detection mechanisms are not started, the equipment is not started when the train is out of stock, the detection mechanisms are in an avoidance state, the wheels are not contacted with the mechanisms, the impact force and the friction force between the wheels and the detection mechanisms when the train is out of stock are eliminated, the mechanisms are protected, and the automatic detection of the equipment is realized. Therefore, the magnetic steel arranged at the front end of the equipment is used as an external trigger signal, so that the starting of the equipment can be controlled. Meanwhile, the installation of the first magnetic steel 1201 and the second magnetic steel 1202 can also be used for measuring the speed of the train, and when the installation distance is known, the time interval between the two magnetic steels triggered is recorded, so that the speed of the train can be calculated.
Example 5
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 4, and is mainly different in that: referring to fig. 2, 4, 6 and 7, the bottom plate assembly 5 of the present embodiment includes a bottom support plate 501, a first rail pressing plate 502 and a second rail pressing plate 508 are disposed on the bottom support plate 501, the first rail pressing plate 502 is fixedly connected with the bottom support plate 501 through a pressing plate bolt 503, and two sides of the bottom of the rail 1 are respectively pressed and fastened between the first rail pressing plate 502, the second rail pressing plate 508 and the bottom support plate 501; the bottom supporting plate 501 is also provided with a pressing plate nut 504, the pressing plate nut 504 is provided with a seaming profiling with the side edge of the bottom of the track 1, and the pressing plate nut 504 is fixedly connected with a fixing lug 506 at the bottom of the bottom supporting plate 501 through a pull rod bolt 505. When the pull rod bolts 505 fasten the clamp plate nuts 504 through the fixing lugs 506, the nip distance between the clamp plate nuts 504 and the second rail clamp plate 508 is reduced, so that the bottom plate assembly 5 and the steel rail are tightly fixed together; the bottom support plate 501 is then further secured to the rail by means of the clamp bolts 503 and the first rail clamp 502. In this embodiment, the two sides of the bottom supporting plate 501 are further provided with reinforcing ribs 507, and the bottom supporting plate 501 and the reinforcing ribs 507 are integrated, and can be cast or welded to ensure the overall rigidity of the mechanism, so as to meet the measurement accuracy requirement of the whole mechanism.
Example 6
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 5, and is mainly different in that: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the sliding rail mechanisms between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 respectively include a sliding block and a guiding rail which are mutually matched, in this embodiment, the sliding blocks are respectively and fixedly installed on the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4, the sliding plate 3 is correspondingly provided with the guiding rail which is in sliding fit with the sliding blocks, the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4 is vertically installed relative to the sliding plate 3, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 is obliquely installed relative to the sliding plate 3, thereby being beneficial to improving the structural stability of the whole device and effectively reducing the impact action of the wheels on the measuring device.
Example 7
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of this embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 6, and is mainly different in that: the driving mechanism 6 is driven by a motor, specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 7, the driving mechanism 6 in this embodiment includes a driving motor 601, a screw 603 and a screw nut 604, where the driving motor 601 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501 through a motor installation seat 602, an output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected with one end of the screw 603 through a coupling, the other end of the screw 603 passes through the screw nut 604 and is in threaded connection with the screw nut 604, and a screw fixing seat 605 is further fixed on the bottom support plate 501, and the screw 603 passes through the screw fixing seat 605 and is connected with the output shaft of the motor. The screw nut 604 is fixedly connected with a lower slider fixing plate 1003 of the swing link transmission mechanism 10 through a nut connecting rod 1006, in this embodiment, the lower end of the nut connecting rod 1006 is sleeved and fixed on the surface of the screw nut 604, and the upper end of the nut connecting rod 1006 passes through the bottom supporting plate 501 and is fixedly connected with the lower slider fixing plate 1003. When the motor rotates, the screw 603 is driven to rotate, and the screw nut 604 moves back and forth along the horizontal direction together with the nut link 1006 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003, so that the up and down movement of the sliding plate 3 is realized. Meanwhile, the driving mechanism 6 is not limited to the specific structure of the embodiment, so long as the driving of the horizontal movement of the lower slider fixing plate 1003 can be realized, for example, a servo electric cylinder is directly used to replace the driving motor 601 of the embodiment, and the cylinder rod of the servo electric cylinder is fixedly connected with the nut connecting rod 1006.
Example 8
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 7, and is mainly different in that: the end of the screw 603 in this embodiment is also fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake 11, and the electromagnetic brake 11 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the bottom support plate 501.
Because of the system requirement, when the wheel is pressing the pedal 2, the force born by the pedal 2 is transmitted to the sliding plate 3 through the elastic element 8, if the sliding plate 3 generates displacement, the measurement is affected, and even the displacement sensor cannot measure the data. It is particularly important that the slide plate 3 is kept stationary. In this embodiment, by installing an electromagnetic brake 11 at the end of the screw 603, when the motor is driven, the electromagnetic brake 11 is turned on to brake, and the motor can smoothly move the sliding plate 3 up and down. When the pedal 2 is pressed on the wheels, the motor is kept still, and the electromagnetic brake 11 is kept braked, so that the screw nut 604 is ensured not to horizontally move, the sliding plate 3 is not to vertically move, and the measurement accuracy is ensured.
As shown in fig. 11, the method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness according to the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one, judging whether a train enters or exits
Judging the warehouse-in and warehouse-out of the train through the triggering sequence of the triggering unit, and if the train is warehouse-in, controlling the front mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism to start through the control system so as to prepare for wheel detection; if the train is going out of the warehouse, the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism are not started;
step two, detecting the rim height of the train wheel
When the train is put in storage and passes through the front-end mechanism 13, the front-end mechanism 13 detects the rim height of the wheels of the train and feeds the rim height back to the control system;
step three, regulating the prepressing amount of the pedal of the detection mechanism
According to the detection result of the pre-mechanism 13, the control system controls the operation of the lifting driving mechanism 6, so that the initial height of the pedal 2 in the detection mechanism is adjusted, and the lifting driving mechanism 6 stops operating when the pre-pressing amount of the pedal 2 is in a set range.
The pedal pre-pressing amount is controlled in the following way: when the system is started, when the front-mounted mechanism detects that the rim height of the wheel is Sh1, the system judges whether the rim height reaches the pre-pressing amount of 1.5-2mm, if the pre-pressing amount is within the range, the detection mechanism does not need to act, and if the pre-pressing amount is not within the range, the servo motor of the detection mechanism controls the pedal to lift to the W2 position, so that the rim height Sh1 reaches the pre-pressing amount of 1.5-2 mm. When the front mechanism 13 detects that the rim height of the rear wheel is Sh2 and the front wheel passes through the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism judges whether the current W2 position is in the range of 1.5-2mm of the rim height Sh2 pre-pressing amount, and carries out corresponding lifting adjustment until the wheels of the complete train are detected. When the pre-positioned mechanism 13 no longer generates a new rim height for a period of time, the train is considered to have passed the detection system, the pre-positioned mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism are assigned to zero positions, and the system stops working. In the process of adjusting the pre-pressing amount of the detection mechanism, the front mechanism 13 is always positioned at the W1 position and is unchanged, and a plurality of sets of detection mechanisms of the steel rail at each side are lifted to the same position each time.
Step four, tread radial runout detection of train wheels
When the train wheels pass through the detection mechanism, the radial runout of the tread of the train wheels is detected by the detection mechanism.
Example 9
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 8, and is mainly different in that: referring to fig. 2, the fixing plate assembly 4 of the present embodiment includes a main fixing plate 401, end fixing plates 402 located at two ends of the main fixing plate 401, and an upper sealing plate 403 located at the top of the main fixing plate 401, where the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plates 402, and the upper sealing plate 403 jointly surround to form a box structure. The sliding plate 3 is slidably connected with the pedal 2 through the first sliding rail 701, is slidably connected with the main fixing plate 401 through the second sliding rail 702, and is slidably connected with the end fixing plate 402 through the third sliding rail 703, so that the stability of the whole device structure and the stability of the sliding plate in up-and-down movement can be further improved, and the measurement accuracy is guaranteed. Furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate 404 is further disposed between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, and the sliding plate 3 is slidably connected with the intermediate fixing plate 404 through a fourth sliding rail 704, so that the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plate 402, the upper sealing plate 403 and the intermediate fixing plate 404 are surrounded together to form a relatively closed box-type structure, and the sliding plate 3 is installed inside the box-type fixing plate assembly. In this embodiment, the displacement sensor 901 is fixedly mounted on the upper sealing plate 403 through a sensor mounting seat 902, and the sensor mounting seat 902 is processed into a C-shaped structure.
Example 10
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of this embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 9, and is mainly different in that: the elastic element 8 may be a spring, specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the elastic element 8 in this embodiment adopts a compression spring structure, which is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate 3 through an elastic element support 801 (an installation hole with the same diameter as the elastic element is processed on the elastic element support 801), the pedal 2 is correspondingly provided with an elastic element supporting plate 803 acting with the end of the piston rod of the elastic element 8, and the elastic element supporting plate 803 in this embodiment is processed into a zigzag shape. In this embodiment, the sliding plate 3 is further fixed with an elastic element adjusting plate 802, the elastic element adjusting plate 802 is L-shaped and is fixed on the sliding plate 3 by a bolt, a threaded hole is machined in the elastic element adjusting plate 802, a jackscrew passes through the threaded hole to prop against an elastic element supporting plate 803 of the pedal, that is, the adjustment of the pre-compression force of the spring is realized by the jackscrew, and after the adjustment is performed to a predetermined position, the jackscrew is fastened by using a nut.
It should be noted that the elastic element 8 specifically includes, but is not limited to, a coil spring, a gas spring, a liquid spring, a leaf spring, a rubber spring, etc., and the mounting support thereof may be made into different supports according to the shape and the use requirement of the element, so long as the following elastic connection between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 can be realized. For example, when the spiral tension spring in fig. 8 is used as the elastic element, the spring pins 804 are fixed on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, as shown in fig. 9, the spring hooks are disposed at two ends of the spiral tension spring, and the hook grooves 805 corresponding to the spring hooks are correspondingly processed on the spring pins 804, and the two ends of the spiral tension spring are respectively and fixedly mounted on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 through the spring hooks.
The specific process of detection by adopting the detection mechanism of the embodiment is as follows:
step one, pedal height adjustment: according to the rim height of the train wheels to be detected, the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 is driven to swing through the driving mechanism 6, so that the sliding plate 3 is driven to lift, no relative movement exists between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, the pedal 2 is lifted synchronously with the sliding plate 3, and when the pedal 2 is lifted to a specified position, the driving mechanism 6 stops working;
step two, detecting radial runout of the wheels: when the pedal 2 is pressed by the wheel, the pedal 2 is pressed by the wheel rim to generate downward displacement along the direction of the sliding rail, the sliding plate 3 is kept motionless relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the action of the driving mechanism 6 in the descending process of the pedal 2, at the moment, the displacement sensor 901 generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate 903, and the displacement of the pedal 2 pressed by the wheel rim when the wheel passes is obtained through conversion; the radial runout condition of the wheel tread of the train can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor 901 in the circumference of the whole wheel tread;
step three, when the wheels leave, the pedal 2 is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic element 8; at this time, the drive mechanism 6 continues to start operation, driving the pedal 2 to descend to a specified position where the wheel rim cannot be pressed to the pedal 2 regardless of the rim height of the passing wheel.
Specifically, when the length of the pedal 2 is greater than the circumference of the wheel, circumferential data of the circumference of the tread of the wheel can be detected, and the out-of-round condition of the tread of the wheel can be further depicted. The displacement curve of each detection mechanism pedal 2 is intercepted and spliced to obtain a pedal 2 displacement curve from the first detection mechanism to the last detection mechanism, and the maximum value and the minimum value are obtained from the displacement curve, wherein the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value is the radial runout value of the wheel.
The system controls the detection mechanism pedal 2 to rise and fall to the proper pre-pressing amount by two methods, namely a table look-up method and a tracking method. The table look-up method is to equally divide the minimum rim height to the maximum rim height into n sections, each section corresponds to a different position Wn of the detecting mechanism pedal 2, and when the front-mounted mechanism 13 detects the rim height Sh of the wheel to be detected, it is determined which section the rim height belongs to, and then the detecting mechanism pedal 2 is lifted to a position W corresponding to the section. The tracking method is to use a displacement sensor as a feedback signal to continuously adjust the position of the pedal 2 of the detection mechanism until the indication value of the displacement sensor reaches the indication value under the required pre-pressing amount. For example, when the current indication value of the displacement sensor is Z1 and the front-mounted mechanism detects the rim height Sh of the wheel to be detected, the system calculates an indication value Z2 which the displacement sensor needs to reach according to the pre-pressure amount, then starts the servo motor to lift, and in the process of lifting the motor, the indication value of the displacement sensor is continuously changed and is transmitted to the servo motor as a feedback signal until the indication value of the displacement sensor reaches Z2, the pedal 2 of the detection mechanism is considered to be lifted to a required position, and then the motor is turned off.
Example 11
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 10 in structure, and mainly differs in that: the structure of the front mechanism 13 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the detection mechanism, as shown in fig. 12, wherein the upper surface of the pedal of the front mechanism 13 sequentially includes an ascending section 201, a horizontal section 202 and a descending section 203 along the warehouse-in direction of the train, when the wheels pass through the front mechanism 13, a displacement maximum value is generated in the horizontal section 202 of the pedal assembly 2, and according to the maximum value, the rim height of the wheels can be measured, and the specific method is as follows: when a wheel with a known rim height of Sh1 passes through the front mechanism 13, the maximum displacement of the pedal of the front mechanism 13 is h1, and when a wheel with an unknown rim height passes through the front mechanism, the maximum displacement of the pedal of the front mechanism is h2, the rim height of the unknown wheel is sh2=sh1+ (h 2-h 1).
Example 12
The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness of this embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 11, and is mainly different in that: the detection mechanism inside each side rail in the present embodiment includes a first detection mechanism 1401, a second detection mechanism 1402, a third detection mechanism 1403, and a fourth detection mechanism 1404.
When the magnetic steel detects that the train is in storage, the detection system is started, the front-end mechanism and the four sets of detection mechanisms are lifted to the designated positions, and the process is completed before the train reaches the front-end mechanism. When the front-mounted mechanism detects the rim height of the first wheel, the four sets of detection mechanisms are combined with the current position to judge whether the rim height meets the requirement that the pre-pressing amount is 1.5-2mm, if not, the PLC controls the servo motor to lift to a position meeting the condition, and the process is completed before the wheel to be detected reaches the first detection mechanism 1401. After the fourth detection mechanism 1404 is actuated, LOG data recording is initiated to record the vertical displacement of the pedals as the wheel passes each detection mechanism, and LOG data recording is stopped when the wheel leaves the fourth detection mechanism 1404. When the front-mounted mechanism detects that the rim of the second wheel is high, the first wheel does not pass through the detection mechanism, at the moment, each detection mechanism firstly judges whether the first wheel is separated or not, if the first wheel is separated, the detection mechanism is lifted to a proper position according to the current position and the rim height of the second wheel, and if the first wheel is not separated or the detection mechanism is still reached, the detection mechanism starts to lift after the first wheel is separated. The system starts one LOG data record each time the first detection mechanism 1401 is lifted and lowered, and similarly stops the previous LOG data record each time the fourth detection mechanism 1404 detects that the wheel is away. Until no new value is detected by the lead mechanism, the system considers that the train has passed the detection mechanism and the lead mechanism and the detection mechanism return to the initial position.
The data acquired by the displacement sensors of the four sets of detection mechanisms are transmitted to the upper computer, the size of the data reflects the size of the relative value of the rim heights of different circumferential positions of the tread, when the length of the pedal is greater than the circumference of the wheel, the circumferential data of one circumference of the tread can be detected, and the out-of-round condition of the tread can be further depicted. The upper computer intercepts and splices the displacement curve of each detection mechanism pedal to obtain a pedal displacement curve from the first detection mechanism 1401 to the fourth detection mechanism 1404, and the displacement curve reaches the maximum value and the minimum value from the pedal displacement curve, and the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value is the radial runout value of the wheel.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above by way of illustration and not limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the drawings in which the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, the structural mode and the embodiments similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness is characterized in that: the device comprises a front mechanism (13) and a detection mechanism, wherein the front mechanism (13) and the detection mechanism are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the warehouse-in direction of a train, the front mechanism (13) is used for detecting the rim height of a wheel to be detected, the detection mechanism is used for detecting the radial runout of the wheel, the detection mechanism comprises a pedal (2), a sliding plate (3) and a fixed plate assembly (4) which are arranged on the inner side of the track (1) and are parallel to each other, the sliding plate (3) is connected with the pedal (2) and the fixed plate assembly (4) through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element (8) is connected between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2); the sliding plate (3) is also connected with the driving mechanism (6) through a swing rod transmission mechanism (10).
2. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) comprises an upper slide block fixing plate (1001), a swing rod (1002) and a lower slide block fixing plate (1003), wherein two ends of the swing rod (1002) are respectively connected with the upper slide block fixing plate (1001) and the lower slide block fixing plate (1003) in a rotating mode to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper slide block fixing plate (1001) is fixedly connected with the slide plate (3), and the lower slide block fixing plate (1003) is in driving connection with the driving mechanism (6).
3. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) is slidably connected with the bottom plate assembly (5) through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate assembly (5) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track (1); the fixed plate assembly (4) and the driving mechanism (6) are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly (5).
4. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the detection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the double-side rails, and the number of the detection mechanisms on the same side is more than or equal to 2; the front of the front mechanism (13) is also provided with a triggering mechanism, and the triggering mechanism comprises a first magnetic steel (1201) and a second magnetic steel (1202) which are arranged at intervals along the inner side of the unilateral track.
5. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the driving mechanism (6) comprises a driving motor (601), a screw (603) and a screw nut (604), wherein an output shaft of the driving motor (601) is fixedly connected with one end of the screw (603), the other end of the screw (603) passes through the screw nut (604) and is in threaded connection with the screw nut (604), and the screw nut (604) is fixedly connected with the swing rod transmission mechanism (10); the end part of the screw rod (603) is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic brake (11).
6. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the fixing plate assembly (4) comprises a main fixing plate (401), end fixing plates (402) positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate (401) and an upper sealing plate (403) positioned at the top of the main fixing plate (401), and the main fixing plate (401), the end fixing plates (402) and the upper sealing plate (403) jointly surround to form a box-type structure; furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate (404) is arranged between the pedal (2) and the sliding plate (3).
7. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2) is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate (3), and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the fixed plate assembly (4) is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate (3); a displacement sensing plate (903) is fixed on the pedal (2), and a displacement sensor (901) which is fixedly installed is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate (903); the elastic element (8) adopts a tension spring or a compression spring.
8. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the structure of the front mechanism (13) is the same as that of the detection mechanism, and the upper surface of the pedal (2) of the front mechanism sequentially comprises an ascending section (201), a horizontal section (202) and a descending section (203) along the warehouse-in direction of the train.
9. A method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, which is characterized in that: the process is as follows:
step one, judging whether a train enters or exits
Judging the warehouse-in and warehouse-out of the train through the triggering sequence of the triggering unit, and if the train is warehouse-in, controlling the front mechanism (13) and the detection mechanism to start through the control system so as to prepare for wheel detection; if the train is delivered, the front-end mechanism (13) and the detection mechanism are not started;
step two, detecting the rim height of the train wheel
When the train is put in storage and passes through the front-end mechanism (13), the front-end mechanism (13) detects the rim height of the wheels of the train and feeds the rim height back to the control system;
step three, regulating the prepressing amount of the pedal of the detection mechanism
According to the detection result of the front mechanism (13), the driving mechanism (6) is controlled to operate by the control system, so that the initial height of the pedal (2) in the detection mechanism is adjusted, and when the pre-pressing amount of the pedal (2) is in a set range, the driving mechanism (6) stops operating;
Fourth, defect detection of train wheels
When the train wheels pass through the detection mechanism, the radial runout of the tread of the train wheels is detected by the detection mechanism.
10. The on-line dynamic detection method for wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the front-arranged mechanism (13) detects that the rim of the second wheel is high, the first wheel does not pass through the detection mechanism, at the moment, each detection mechanism firstly judges whether the first wheel is separated or not, and if the first wheel is separated, the detection mechanism is lifted to a proper position according to the current position and the rim height of the second wheel; if the first wheel has not been moved away or has not reached the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism begins to lift up and down until the first wheel has been moved away.
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| CN113028966B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-11-12 | 哈尔滨市科佳通用机电股份有限公司 | Online dynamic detection method for scratch and out-of-roundness of tread surface of wheel |
| CN113884040B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-10-10 | 东莞市诺丽科技股份有限公司 | Train wheel tread detection system and detection method based on displacement sensor |
| CN116495026B (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-08-29 | 成都铁安科技有限责任公司 | Method and system for adjusting wheel set damage detection rod |
| CN117141548B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-01-30 | 成都铁安科技有限责任公司 | Translation device for detecting tread damage of wheel set |
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