CN213594269U - System for accurately detecting scratch and out-of-roundness of tread surface of wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinder out-of-roundness belongs to track traffic technical field. The utility model discloses a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, include leading mechanism and detection mechanism installed in the inboard track in proper order along the train direction of putting in storage, wherein leading mechanism is used for detecting the rim height of wheel to be detected, detection mechanism is used for detecting the wheel radial runout, this detection mechanism is including installing footboard, sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly inboard and parallel to each other in the track, all link to each other through slide rail mechanism between sliding plate and footboard and the fixed plate assembly, and be connected with elastic element between sliding plate and the footboard; the sliding plate is also connected with the driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism. Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model the real-time dynamic detection that train wheel tread radial runout can be realized, and its structural stability who detects precision and detection device all obtains effective improvement for current detection mechanism.

Description

System for accurately detecting scratch and out-of-roundness of tread surface of wheel

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the track traffic, more specifically say, relate to a system that is used for accurate detection wheel to step on face and scratches and reach out-of-roundness.

Background

The train can appear the wearing and tearing of different degrees at the in-process of operation, wearing and tearing can produce the influence to wheel safe operation, and wherein the wheel tread friction that the wearing and tearing are inhomogeneous to result in and radial run out all can lead to wheel tread out of round, wheel tread out of round constitutes serious threat to the operation security of train, makes the train vehicle strengthen greatly to the power effect of circuit and self, still can bring additional vibration and impact simultaneously, reduces the critical speed of train for the stationarity and the travelling comfort of train worsen. Therefore, the out-of-roundness measurement of the wheel tread has important significance for the safe operation of the train.

The detection method of the out-of-roundness of the wheel mainly comprises static detection and dynamic monitoring, wherein the static detection needs to be carried out under the condition that a train stops or the wheel is disassembled, the turnover time of the train is occupied, the speed is low, and the labor intensity is high. The dynamic monitoring not only can realize the on-line monitoring of the wheel set, but also has high automation degree, does not occupy the turnover time of the vehicle and is convenient for storing information data, and the currently adopted dynamic monitoring out-of-roundness method comprises a vibration acceleration detection method and a contact measurement method. The vibration acceleration detection method extracts out-of-roundness information of wheels by analyzing the acquired vibration condition of a track when an entire train passes through a detection point, but the method is influenced by a sensor mounting clamp and sleeper vibration attenuation, and the measurement accuracy is not high.

The contact measurement method is typically a parallelogram method, such as application No. 200720082608.9, entitled: over-and-under type wheel tread is inserted and is hindered and online dynamic detection device of out-of-roundness to and application number is 201210307496.8, utility model creation name: the application of the device for online detecting the inserting wound and the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread discloses an online measuring method of a parallelogram structure and improvement thereof, wherein a displacement sensor in the application is connected with a support fixed on a steel rail forming one side of the parallelogram mechanism, the sensor can directly measure the variation of the relative height of the wheel tread and a wheel rim, the displacement sensor records the diameter condition of the circumference of the whole tread, and the sensor outputs a curve when the tread is out-of-round, so that the out-of-roundness is obtained.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

1. Technical problem to be solved by the utility model

An object of the utility model is to overcome the more than problem that current train wheel tread radial runout detected the existence, provide a system that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out of roundness. Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model the real-time dynamic detection that train wheel tread radial runout can be realized, and its structural stability who detects precision and detection device all obtains effective improvement for current detection mechanism.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a technical scheme does:

the utility model discloses a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, include leading mechanism and detection mechanism installed in the inboard track in proper order along the train direction of putting in storage, wherein leading mechanism is used for detecting the rim height of wheel to be detected, detection mechanism is used for detecting the wheel radial runout, this detection mechanism is including installing footboard, sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly inboard and parallel to each other in the track, all link to each other through slide rail mechanism between sliding plate and footboard and the fixed plate assembly, and be connected with elastic element between sliding plate and the footboard; the sliding plate is also connected with the driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism.

Furthermore, the swing rod transmission mechanism comprises an upper sliding block fixing plate, a swing rod and a lower sliding block fixing plate, wherein two ends of the swing rod are respectively connected with the upper sliding block fixing plate and the lower sliding block fixing plate in a rotating mode to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper sliding block fixing plate is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the lower sliding block fixing plate is connected with a driving mechanism in a driving mode, and the lower sliding block fixing plate is driven by the driving mechanism to move along the horizontal direction.

Furthermore, the swing rod transmission mechanism is connected with a bottom plate assembly in a sliding manner through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate assembly is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rail; and the fixed plate assembly and the driving mechanism are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly.

Furthermore, the detection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the tracks at the two sides, and the number of the detection mechanisms at the same side is more than or equal to 2; the front of the front-end mechanism is also provided with a trigger mechanism, and the trigger mechanism comprises a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel which are arranged at intervals along the inner side of the unilateral track.

Furthermore, the driving mechanism adopts a motor or a servo electric cylinder as a driving source.

Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a lead screw and a lead screw nut, wherein an output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw, the other end of the lead screw penetrates through the lead screw nut and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut, and the lead screw nut is fixedly connected with the swing rod transmission mechanism.

Furthermore, the end part of the lead screw is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic brake.

Furthermore, the fixing plate assembly comprises a main fixing plate, end fixing plates positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate and an upper sealing plate positioned at the top of the main fixing plate, wherein the main fixing plate, the end fixing plates and the upper sealing plate surround together to form a box-type structure; furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate is arranged between the pedal and the sliding plate.

Furthermore, the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the pedal is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate; and a displacement sensing plate is fixed on the pedal, and a fixedly installed displacement sensor is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate.

Furthermore, the elastic element adopts a tension spring or a compression spring; furthermore, the elastic element is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate through an elastic element support, an elastic element support plate acting on the end part of the piston rod of the elastic element is correspondingly arranged on the pedal, an elastic element adjusting plate is further fixedly arranged on the sliding plate, a jackscrew and a nut are arranged on the elastic element adjusting plate, and the jackscrew is just opposite to the top surface of the elastic element support plate for installation.

Furthermore, the structure of the front-end mechanism is the same as that of the detection mechanism, and the upper surface of the pedal of the front-end mechanism sequentially comprises an ascending section, a horizontal section and a descending section along the warehousing direction of the train.

3. Advantageous effects

Adopt the technical scheme provided by the utility model, compare with prior art, have following effect of showing:

(1) the utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinder out-of-roundness, include and install in the inboard leading-end mechanism of track and detection mechanism in proper order along train warehouse entry direction, treat the rim height that detects train wheel through leading-end mechanism and detect and feed back to control system, adjust the initial height of detection mechanism through control system control, thereby can satisfy the detection requirement of the high wheel of different rims, cause great impact to detection mechanism when preventing that the quick detection mechanism of strikeing of wheel from, the life of mechanism has been prolonged, and reduced the impact vibration to the influence that detects the precision, be favorable to guaranteeing measurement accuracy.

(2) The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out of roundness, its detection mechanism is including installing in the inboard footboard that just is parallel to each other of track, sliding plate and fixed plate assembly, wherein the sliding plate passes through pendulum rod drive mechanism and links to each other with actuating mechanism, when the footboard surface was pressed to the wheel, the footboard produces downward displacement for the sliding plate along slide rail mechanism, keep relative static between sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly this moment, through the change that the footboard pushed down the displacement for the sliding plate in going whole week length range to train wheel, can carry out online dynamic measurement with the runout to the radial runout of train wheel tread, the efficiency of measurement is greatly improved, and its measurement accuracy and whole measuring device's structural stability all obtains obviously improving for current parallelogram measuring mechanism.

(3) The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out-of-roundness, be connected with elastic element between sliding plate and the footboard, footboard automatic recovery to initial position when elastic element's restoring force effect can make the wheel leave down. Meanwhile, the sliding plate is connected with the driving mechanism through the swing rod transmission mechanism, and before the train arrives, the driving mechanism drives the sliding plate to move up and down, so that the pedal and the sliding plate can be synchronously lifted and lowered under the action of the elastic element, the initial height of the pedal can be adjusted, the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rim heights can be met, the wheels can be prevented from causing larger impact on the pedal, and the measurement precision can be guaranteed.

(4) The utility model discloses a system for it hinders out-of-roundness to be used for accurate detection wheel tread, pendulum rod drive mechanism include top shoe fixed plate, pendulum rod and lower slider fixed plate, the utility model discloses a pendulum rod drive mechanism's setting utilizes actuating mechanism drive lower slider fixed plate along the horizontal direction side-to-side motion, can be in order to realize the elevating movement of sliding plate along vertical direction to be favorable to guaranteeing the stationarity of sliding plate elevating movement on the one hand, and prevent effectively that the sliding plate from taking place to incline when the footboard is pressed to the wheel, on the other hand can also effectively save actuating mechanism's installation space, directly turn into the elevating movement of sliding plate with the horizontal motion of actuating mechanism output.

(5) The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinder out-of-roundness, the track inboard is located leading mechanism front end and still is equipped with trigger mechanism, and this trigger mechanism includes first magnet steel and the second magnet steel that sets up along the inboard interval of track, can judge the warehouse entry and the warehouse exit of train according to the order of triggering of first magnet steel and second magnet steel to be convenient for decide leading mechanism and detection mechanism's start-up whether or not. In addition, the running speed of the train can be measured through the arrangement of the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel.

(6) The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinder out-of-roundness, detection mechanism symmetrical installation in two side track inboards, and be more than or equal to 2 with the quantity of detection mechanism, specifically aim at satisfying the detection of the whole tread girth of wheel, adopt this kind of design can satisfy the demand that detects to different wheels around, prevent that preceding wheel from not leaving detection mechanism and then the wheel has got into detection mechanism's influence to the testing result.

(7) The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinder out-of-roundness, actuating mechanism include driving motor, lead screw and screw nut, take place to rotate through the motor drive lead screw, make screw nut carry out horizontal migration along the lead screw axis to drive pendulum rod drive mechanism's motion, can realize the lift adjustment of sliding plate with the help of pendulum rod drive mechanism's swing.

(8) The utility model discloses a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, the tip of lead screw still links to each other with electromagnetic brake is fixed, and when motor drive, electromagnetic brake opens the braking, and the motor can realize the sliding plate up-and-down motion smoothly; when the wheel presses the pedal, the motor keeps still, the electromagnetic brake works and keeps braking, so that the screw nut can be ensured not to horizontally move, and the phenomenon that the sliding plate moves up and down under the rolling action of the wheel to influence the accuracy of a measuring result can be prevented.

(9) The utility model discloses a system for it scratches out-of-roundness to be used for accurate detection wheel tread surface, the fixed plate assembly include main fixed plate, be located the end fixing plate at main fixed plate both ends and be located the last shrouding at main fixed plate top, main fixed plate, end fixing plate and go up the shrouding jointly around forming boxlike structure to can further improve the structural strength and the stability of relative motion between whole detection device and sliding plate and footboard, the fixed plate assembly. An intermediate fixing plate is arranged between the sliding plate and the pedal, so that the structural stability of the device is further improved.

(10) The utility model discloses a system for be used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out-of-roundness, slide rail mechanism between sliding plate and the footboard is for the slope installation of sliding plate, and slide rail mechanism between sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is for the perpendicular installation of sliding plate to be favorable to further improving the stability of whole measuring device structure and operation, and effectively reduce the impact of wheel to detection device, guaranteed measuring result's accuracy. The utility model discloses a be fixed with displacement tablet on the footboard, the top or the below correspondence of displacement tablet are equipped with fixed mounting's displacement sensor, through survey displacement sensor and displacement tablet between the change data of distance handle can directly obtain the runout condition of wheel.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the detection mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of an installation structure of the fixing plate assembly of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view (one) of the disassembly structure of the detection mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (ii) of the detaching structure of the detecting mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the sliding plate lifting driving and transmission mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom plate assembly of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the lifting driving mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the spiral tension spring of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the spring pin of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the system for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a control schematic diagram of the method for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the front-end mechanism pedal of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:

1. a track; 2. a pedal; 201. an uphill segment; 202. a horizontal segment; 203. a downhill section; 3. a sliding plate; 4. a fixed plate assembly; 401. a main fixing plate; 402. an end fixing plate; 403. an upper sealing plate; 404. a middle fixing plate; 5. a floor assembly; 501. a bottom support plate; 502. a first track platen; 503. a platen bolt; 504. a platen nut; 505. a draw bar bolt; 506. fixing the ear; 507. reinforcing ribs; 508. a second track press plate; 6. a drive mechanism; 601. a drive motor; 602. a motor mounting seat; 603. a lead screw; 604. a lead screw nut; 605. a lead screw fixing seat; 701. a first slide rail; 702. a second slide rail; 703. a third slide rail; 704. a fourth slide rail; 8. an elastic element; 801. an elastic element support; 802. an elastic element adjusting plate; 803. an elastic element support plate; 804. a spring pin; 805. hooking a groove; 901. a displacement sensor; 902. a sensor mount; 903. a displacement sensing plate; 10. a swing rod transmission mechanism; 1001. an upper slide block fixing plate; 1002. a swing rod; 1003. a lower slider fixing plate; 1004. a slider; 1005. a guide rail; 1006; a nut connecting rod; 11. an electromagnetic brake; 1201. a first magnetic steel; 1202. a second magnetic steel; 13. a front-end mechanism; 1401. a first detection mechanism; 1402. a second detection mechanism; 1403. a third detection mechanism; 1404. and a fourth detection mechanism.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 10, the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread of the wheel of the embodiment includes a front-end mechanism 13 and a detection mechanism, which are sequentially installed on the inner side of the track along the warehousing direction of the train, wherein the front-end mechanism 13 is used for detecting the rim height of the wheel to be detected, and the detection mechanism is used for detecting the radial runout of the wheel. The detection mechanism and the front-end mechanism 13 are both connected with the control system in a control mode, and the control system controls the start and stop of the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism.

The embodiment adds the front-end mechanism in front of the detection mechanism (the direction of train entering a garage), measures the rim height of the wheel to be detected through the front-end mechanism 13, controls the lifting driving mechanism 6 to operate through the control system according to the measured rim height and the current position of the detection mechanism, and adjusts the initial height of the detection mechanism, so as to ensure that the prepressing amount of the detection mechanism belongs to the set range, further reduce the impact force on the detection mechanism when the wheel rapidly impacts the detection mechanism, prolong the service life of the mechanism, and reduce the influence of impact vibration on the detection precision. Here, the preload is a magnitude of a vertical displacement of the pedal generated when the wheel presses the pedal of the wheel pressure detecting mechanism. The embodiment does not require the structure of the front-end mechanism, can directly adopt the existing any wheel rim height online detection device, and only needs to detect the rim height of the wheel.

With reference to fig. 1-5, the detecting mechanism of the present embodiment includes a pedal 2, a sliding plate 3 and a fixed plate assembly 4 which are installed inside the track 1 and parallel to each other, the sliding plate 3 is connected to the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element 8 is connected between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2; the sliding plate 3 is also connected with the driving mechanism 6 through a swing link transmission mechanism 10.

The train wheel comprises a tread part and a rim part, the tread is out of round due to long-term contact and abrasion with the rail, and the rim is still a standard circle without contact with other objects. Therefore, when the wheel tread is in contact with the steel rail at different positions, the distances from the top points of the wheel rims to the top surface of the steel rail are different. According to the tread out-of-round condition of the wheel tread, the tread 2 is installed on the rail, when the wheel passes through, the top surface of the tread 2 is always kept in contact with the top point of the wheel rim, the tread 2 generates downward displacement under the pressing action of the wheel rim, the displacement changes along with the difference of the contact points of the tread and the rail, the change of the displacement of the tread 2 in the process that the wheel passes through the tread 2 is collected, and the out-of-round condition of the wheel tread can be depicted.

In actual use, the wheel rims of all wheels on a train are different in height, the pedal 2 is higher than the wheel rims by a certain value during measurement to serve as prepressing amount, the prepressing amount cannot be too large, otherwise the wheels can seriously impact the pedal 2, the damage to the pedal 2 is caused, and the measurement accuracy is reduced; the pre-pressure must also not be too small, otherwise the wheel rim will not press the pedal 2, resulting in no detectable data. Through the split type structural design of the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4, the pedal 2, the sliding plate assembly and the fixed plate assembly are matched with the driving mechanism 6, so that the tread defect of the wheel can be measured, the initial height of the pedal 2 can be adjusted, the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rims and high heights can be met, the larger impact of the wheels on the pedal 2 is reduced, and the measurement precision is ensured. Specifically, before the train arrives, according to the rim height of the train wheel to be measured, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, so that the sliding plate 3 is driven to lift relative to the fixed plate assembly 4, and under the action of the elastic element 8, the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 lift synchronously, so that the initial height of the pedal 2 is adjusted. When the height of the pedal 2 reaches a set value, the driving mechanism 6 stops working.

After the train wheels press the pedal 2, under the rolling action of the wheels, the pedal 2 moves downwards relative to the sliding plate 3 along the sliding rail mechanism, and at the moment, the sliding plate 3 does not slide relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the supporting action of the driving mechanism 6; when the train wheel leaves the pedal 2, the pedal 2 automatically moves upwards along the sliding rail mechanism gradually under the action of restoring force of the elastic element 8 relative to the sliding plate 3, and radial run-out, tread scratch and abrasion data of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the pressing displacement data of the pedal 2, so that the on-line dynamic measurement of the train wheel defects is realized, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved. This embodiment is through carrying out optimal design to detection device's structure, leads to the removal of footboard 2 with the help of slide rail mechanism to make it carry out the motion of replying through elastic element 8's effect, thereby for current parallelogram measuring mechanism, measuring device's structural stability and measurement accuracy have all obtained effective improvement.

Specifically, if the tread surface of the wheel is not scratched, the vertical position of the tread surface relative to the steel rail is unchanged in the whole tread surface circumference, and the pressing displacement of the pedal 2 is kept unchanged; on the contrary, if the tread of the wheel is scratched or unevenly worn, the relative height from the tread to the top of the wheel rim is changed, the vertical position of the pedal 2 and the steel rail is also changed relatively, and the change amount of the vertical height of the pedal 2 is the scratch amount. Meanwhile, the amount of the depression displacement of the pedal 2 is compared with that of a new wheel without abrasion, and the abrasion amount of the wheel tread can be obtained. In this embodiment, a displacement sensing plate 903 is fixed on the pedal 2, a fixedly installed displacement sensor 901 is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate 903, when a wheel presses the pedal 2, the displacement sensing plate 903 is lifted synchronously with the pedal 2, and the displacement sensor 901 is fixed, so that the radial run-out of the wheel tread can be directly obtained through the displacement change between the displacement sensing plate 903 and the displacement sensed by the displacement sensor 901 during the rolling process of the wheel.

Example 2

The structure of the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and the difference is mainly that: as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the swing link transmission mechanism 10 of this embodiment includes an upper slider fixing plate 1001, a swing link 1002, and a lower slider fixing plate 1003, wherein two ends of a plurality of parallel swing links 1002 are respectively rotatably connected to the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 to form a parallelogram mechanism (in this embodiment, two ends of the swing link 1002 are respectively provided with a bearing, and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 are respectively and correspondingly fixed with a bearing pin matched with the bearing, so as to realize the rotatable connection between the swing link 1002 and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003). The upper sliding block fixing plate 1001 is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 3, the lower sliding block fixing plate 1003 is in driving connection with the driving mechanism 6, the driving mechanism 6 drives the lower sliding block fixing plate 1003 to move in the horizontal direction, and the upper sliding block fixing plate 1001 moves up and down under the action of the swing rod 1002, so that the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 are driven to synchronously move up and down. This embodiment is through the setting of pendulum rod drive mechanism to carry out optimal design to its structure, thereby be favorable to guaranteeing sliding plate 3 elevating movement's stationarity on the one hand, and prevent effectively that sliding plate 3 from taking place to incline when the footboard 2 is pressed to the wheel, on the other hand can also effectively save actuating mechanism 6's installation space, directly turns into the elevating movement of sliding plate 3 with the horizontal motion of actuating mechanism 6 output.

Example 3

The structure of the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 2, and the differences are mainly as follows: the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 of the present embodiment is slidably connected to the bottom plate assembly 5 through a sliding rail mechanism, the bottom plate assembly 5 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rail 1, and the fixing plate assembly 4 and the driving mechanism 6 are both installed on the bottom plate assembly 5. Specifically, the slide rail mechanism comprises a slide block 1004 and a guide rail 1005, wherein the guide rail 1005 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate assembly 5, the slide block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower slide block fixing plate 1003 at intervals, and when the driving mechanism 6 works, the lower slide block fixing plate 1003 is driven to horizontally move along the linear guide rail 1005, so that the movement stability of the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 is favorably ensured.

Example 4

The structure of the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 3, and the difference is mainly that: the detection mechanisms of the embodiment are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the tracks at two sides, the number of the detection mechanisms at the same side is more than or equal to 2, and the sum of the lengths of the detection mechanisms at each side is greater than the circumference of the wheel, so that the circumferential data of the wheel tread, which is greater than the circumference of the wheel, can be detected, the requirements for detection of different front and rear wheels can be met, and the influence of the fact that the front wheel does not leave the detection mechanism and the rear wheel enters the detection mechanism on a detection result is prevented. The first detecting means is kept at a certain distance from the front-end means 13, and the time taken for the wheel to travel the distance can meet the time taken for the detecting means to adjust the amount of preload.

In this embodiment, a triggering mechanism is further disposed in front of the front-end mechanism 13, and the triggering mechanism includes a first magnetic steel 1201 and a second magnetic steel 1202 that are disposed at intervals along the inner side of the unilateral rail. The train can be judged to enter and exit according to the triggering sequence of the first magnetic steel 1201 and the second magnetic steel 1202, so that whether the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism are started or not can be conveniently determined. Specifically, when the triggering sequence of the magnetic steels is a first magnetic steel 1201-a second magnetic steel 1202, the train is put in a warehouse, and the front-end mechanism and the detection mechanism are started to prepare for wheel detection; when the triggering sequence of the magnetic steels is the second magnetic steel 1202-the first magnetic steel 1201, the train is taken out of the warehouse, all detection mechanisms are not started, when the train is taken out of the warehouse, the equipment is not started, the detection mechanisms are in an avoiding state, the wheels are not in contact with the mechanism, the impact force and the friction force between the wheels and the detection mechanisms when the train is taken out of the warehouse are eliminated, the mechanism is protected, and the automatic detection of the equipment is realized. Therefore, the magnetic steel arranged at the front end of the equipment is used as an external trigger signal, so that the equipment can be controlled to start. Meanwhile, the speed of the train can be measured by installing the first magnetic steel 1201 and the second magnetic steel 1202, and when the installation distance is known, the time interval of triggering the two magnetic steels is recorded, so that the speed of the train can be calculated.

Example 5

The structure of the system for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in this embodiment is substantially the same as that in embodiment 4, and the difference is mainly that: with reference to fig. 2, 4, 6, and 7, the bottom plate assembly 5 of this embodiment includes a bottom support plate 501, a first rail pressing plate 502 and a second rail pressing plate 508 are disposed on the bottom support plate 501, the first rail pressing plate 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate 501 through a pressing plate bolt 503, and two sides of the bottom of the rail 1 are respectively pressed and fixed between the first rail pressing plate 502, the second rail pressing plate 508, and the bottom support plate 501; the bottom support plate 501 is further provided with a pressing plate nut 504, a seam which is profiled with the side edge of the bottom of the track 1 is processed on the pressing plate nut 504, and the pressing plate nut 504 is fixedly connected with a fixing lug 506 at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501 through a pull rod bolt 505. When the pull rod bolt 505 fastens the pressing plate nut 504 through the fixing lug 506, the nip distance between the pressing plate nut 504 and the second rail pressing plate 508 is reduced, so that the bottom plate assembly 5 and the steel rail are tightly fixed together; the bottom support plate 501 is then further fastened to the rail by the platen bolts 503 and the first rail platen 502. In this embodiment, the two sides of the bottom supporting plate 501 are further provided with reinforcing ribs 507, the bottom supporting plate 501 and the reinforcing ribs 507 are integrated, and a casting or welding mode can be adopted to ensure the integral rigidity of the mechanism so as to meet the requirement of the measurement accuracy of the whole mechanism.

Example 6

The structure of the system for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 5, and the differences are mainly as follows: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the sliding rail mechanisms between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 and between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4 both include a sliding block and a guiding rail that are matched with each other, in this embodiment, the sliding block is fixedly mounted on the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4, and the guiding rail that is in sliding fit with the sliding block is correspondingly disposed on the sliding plate 3, wherein the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4 is vertically mounted with respect to the sliding plate 3, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 is obliquely mounted with respect to the sliding plate 3, so that the structural stability of the whole device is improved, and the impact of.

Example 7

The present embodiment is a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, which has a structure substantially the same as that of embodiment 6, and mainly differs therefrom in that: the driving mechanism 6 is driven by a motor, specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 7, the driving mechanism 6 of this embodiment includes a driving motor 601, a lead screw 603 and a lead screw nut 604, wherein the driving motor 601 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bottom supporting plate 501 through a motor mounting seat 602, an output shaft thereof is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw 603 through a coupling, the other end of the lead screw 603 passes through the lead screw nut 604 and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut 604, a lead screw fixing seat 605 is further fixed on the bottom supporting plate 501, and the lead screw 603 passes through the lead screw fixing seat 605 and is connected with an output shaft of the. The lead screw nut 604 is fixedly connected with the lower slider fixing plate 1003 of the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 through a nut connecting rod 1006, in this embodiment, the lower end of the nut connecting rod 1006 is fixed on the surface of the lead screw nut 604 in a sleeved mode, and the upper end of the nut connecting rod 1006 passes through the bottom supporting plate 501 and is fixedly connected with the lower slider fixing plate 1003. When the motor rotates, the screw 603 is driven to rotate, and the screw nut 604 drives the nut connecting rod 1006 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 to move back and forth along the horizontal direction, so that the sliding plate 3 moves up and down. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the driving mechanism 6 is not limited to the specific structure of the embodiment, as long as the lower slider fixing plate 1003 can be driven to move horizontally, for example, a servo electric cylinder is directly used to replace the driving motor 601 of the embodiment, and a cylinder rod of the servo electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the nut connecting rod 1006.

Example 8

The present embodiment is a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness, which has a structure substantially the same as that of embodiment 7, and mainly differs therefrom in that: in this embodiment, the end of the screw 603 is further fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake 11, and the electromagnetic brake 11 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501.

Due to the system requirement, when the wheel presses the pedal 2, the force borne by the pedal 2 is transmitted to the sliding plate 3 through the elastic element 8, if the sliding plate 3 generates displacement, the measurement is affected, and even the displacement sensor cannot measure data. It is important that the slide plate 3 is kept stationary. In the embodiment, an electromagnetic brake 11 is installed at the end of the lead screw 603, and when the motor is driven, the electromagnetic brake 11 is braked, and the motor can smoothly move the sliding plate 3 up and down. When the wheel presses the pedal 2, the motor keeps still, the electromagnetic brake 11 keeps braking, thereby ensuring that the screw nut 604 does not move horizontally, and the sliding plate 3 does not move up and down, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy.

As shown in fig. 11, the method for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and the out-of-roundness according to the present embodiment includes the following steps:

step one, judging whether a train enters or exits a warehouse

Judging the warehousing and ex-warehousing of the train through the triggering sequence of the triggering unit, and if the train is warehousing, controlling the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism to start through the control system to prepare for wheel detection; if the train is delivered from the warehouse, the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism are not started;

step two, detecting the rim height of the train wheel

When the train is put in storage and passes through the front-end mechanism 13, the front-end mechanism 13 detects the rim height of the train wheels and feeds the rim height back to the control system;

step three, adjusting the prepressing amount of the pedal of the detection mechanism

According to the detection result of the preposed mechanism 13, the lifting driving mechanism 6 is controlled to operate by the control system, so that the initial height of the pedal 2 in the detection mechanism is adjusted, and the lifting driving mechanism 6 stops operating when the prepressing amount of the pedal 2 is in the set range.

The control mode of the pedal prepressing amount is as follows: when the system is started, when the front setting mechanism detects that the height of the wheel rim is Sh1, the system judges whether the height of the wheel rim reaches the prepressing amount of 1.5-2mm, if the prepressing amount is in the range, the detection mechanism does not need to act, and if the height of the wheel rim is not in the range, a servo motor of the detection mechanism controls the pedal to ascend and descend to the position W2, so that the height of the wheel rim Sh1 reaches the prepressing amount of 1.5-2 mm. When the front setting mechanism 13 detects that the rim height of the rear wheel is Sh2 and the front wheel passes through the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism judges whether the current W2 position is in the range that the pre-pressing amount of the rim height Sh2 is 1.5-2mm or not and performs corresponding lifting adjustment until the wheels of the complete train are detected. When the front-end mechanism 13 no longer generates new rim height within a period of time, the train is considered to have passed the detection system, the front-end mechanism 13 and the detection mechanism return to zero positions, and the system stops working. In the process of adjusting the prepressing amount of the detection mechanism, the preposition mechanism 13 is always positioned at the position W1 and is unchanged, and a plurality of sets of detection mechanisms of the steel rail at each side are lifted to the same position each time.

Step four, detecting radial runout of the tread of the train wheel

When the train wheel passes through the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism detects the radial run-out of the tread of the train wheel.

Example 9

The present embodiment is a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, which has a structure substantially the same as that of embodiment 8, and mainly differs therefrom in that: referring to fig. 2, the fixing plate assembly 4 of the present embodiment includes a main fixing plate 401, end fixing plates 402 disposed at two ends of the main fixing plate 401, and an upper sealing plate 403 disposed on top of the main fixing plate 401, wherein the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plates 402, and the upper sealing plate 403 together surround to form a box-type structure. The sliding plate 3 is connected with the pedal 2 in a sliding manner through the first sliding rail 701, connected with the main fixing plate 401 in a sliding manner through the second sliding rail 702, and connected with the end fixing plate 402 in a sliding manner through the third sliding rail 703, so that the stability of the whole device structure and the stability of the sliding plate during up-and-down movement can be further improved, and the measurement precision can be favorably ensured. Furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate 404 is further disposed between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, the sliding plate 3 and the intermediate fixing plate 404 are slidably connected by a fourth slide rail 704, the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plate 402, the upper sealing plate 403 and the intermediate fixing plate 404 together surround to form a relatively closed box-type structure, and the sliding plate 3 is installed inside the box-type fixing plate assembly. In this embodiment, the displacement sensor 901 is fixedly mounted on the upper sealing plate 403 through a sensor mounting seat 902, and the sensor mounting seat 902 is processed into a C-shaped structure.

Example 10

The present embodiment is a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, which has a structure substantially the same as that of embodiment 9, and mainly differs therefrom in that: the elastic element 8 may be a spring, specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the elastic element 8 of the present embodiment is a compression spring structure, and is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate 3 through an elastic element support 801 (the elastic element support 801 is provided with a mounting hole having the same diameter as the elastic element), the pedal 2 is correspondingly provided with an elastic element support plate 803 acting on the end of the piston rod of the elastic element 8, and the elastic element support plate 803 of the present embodiment is processed into a Z shape. In this embodiment, an elastic element adjusting plate 802 is further fixed on the sliding plate 3, the elastic element adjusting plate 802 is L-shaped and fixed on the sliding plate 3 by bolts, a threaded hole is processed on the elastic element adjusting plate 802, a jackscrew penetrates through the threaded hole and is jacked on an elastic element supporting plate 803 of the pedal, the prepressing force of the spring is adjusted by the jackscrew, and after the prepressing force is adjusted to a preset position, the jackscrew is fastened by a nut.

It should be noted that the elastic element 8 specifically includes, but is not limited to, a coil spring, a gas spring, a liquid spring, a leaf spring, a rubber spring, etc., and the mounting seat thereof can be made into different seats according to the shape and the use requirement of the element, as long as the following elastic connection between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 can be realized. For example, when the spiral tension spring in fig. 8 is used as the elastic element, the spring pins 804 are fixed on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, as shown in fig. 9, spring hooks are respectively disposed at two ends of the spiral tension spring, hook grooves 805 corresponding to the spring hooks are correspondingly formed on the spring pins 804, and two ends of the spiral tension spring are respectively fixed on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 through the spring hooks.

The specific process of detecting by adopting the detection mechanism of the embodiment is as follows:

step one, pedal height adjustment: according to the rim height of a train wheel to be detected, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, so that the sliding plate 3 is driven to lift, at the moment, no relative motion exists between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, the pedal 2 synchronously lifts along with the sliding plate 3, and when the pedal 2 lifts to a specified position, the driving mechanism 6 stops working;

step two, wheel radial run-out detection: when a wheel presses the pedal 2, the pedal 2 is pressed by the rim of the wheel to generate downward displacement along the direction of the sliding rail, in the process of descending the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 is kept still relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the action of the driving mechanism 6, at the moment, the displacement sensor 901 generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate 903, and the displacement of the pedal 2 pressed by the rim of the wheel when the wheel passes is obtained through conversion; the radial run-out condition of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor 901 in the circumference of the whole wheel tread;

step three, when the wheels leave, the pedal 2 is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic element 8; at this time, the drive mechanism 6 continues to operate, and the drive pedal 2 is lowered to a specified position where the rim of the wheel cannot be pressed against the pedal 2 regardless of the height of the rim of the passing wheel.

Specifically, when the length of the pedal 2 is greater than the wheel circumference, the circumferential data of one circle of the wheel tread can be detected, and the out-of-round condition of the wheel tread can be further depicted. The displacement curve of each detection mechanism pedal 2 is intercepted and spliced to obtain a pedal 2 displacement curve from the first detection mechanism to the last detection mechanism, and a maximum value and a minimum value are obtained from the displacement curve, and the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value is the radial runout value of the wheel.

There are two methods for controlling the detection mechanism pedal 2 to lift to the appropriate pre-pressure amount by the system, namely a table look-up method and a tracking method. The table look-up method is to divide the minimum rim height to the maximum rim height into n intervals, each interval corresponds to different positions Wn of the pedal 2 of the detection mechanism, when the front setting mechanism 13 detects the rim height Sh of the wheel to be detected, the interval to which the rim height belongs is judged, and then the pedal 2 of the detection mechanism is lifted to the position W corresponding to the interval. The tracking method is to use the displacement sensor as a feedback signal and continuously adjust the position of the pedal 2 of the detection mechanism until the indication value of the displacement sensor reaches the indication value under the required pre-pressure amount. For example, when the current indication value of the displacement sensor is Z1, and the front-mounted mechanism detects the rim height Sh of the wheel to be detected, the system calculates the indication value Z2 that the displacement sensor needs to reach according to the pre-pressure amount, then the servo motor is started to lift, and in the process of lifting the motor, the indication value of the displacement sensor is changed continuously and is transmitted to the servo motor as a feedback signal, and when the indication value of the displacement sensor reaches Z2, the pedal 2 of the detection mechanism is considered to have lifted to the required position, and then the motor is turned off.

Example 11

The present embodiment is a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness, which has a structure substantially the same as that of embodiment 10, and mainly differs therefrom in that: the structure and the detection mechanism of the front-end mechanism 13 of this embodiment are as shown in fig. 12, wherein the upper surface of the pedal of the front-end mechanism 13 sequentially includes an ascending section 201, a horizontal section 202 and a descending section 203 along the direction of entering the train, when a wheel passes through the front-end mechanism 13, a maximum displacement value is generated in the horizontal section 202 of the pedal assembly 2, and the rim height of the wheel can be measured according to the maximum value, and the specific method is as follows: when a wheel with a known rim height of Sh1 passes through the front-end mechanism 13, the maximum displacement of a pedal of the front-end mechanism 13 is h1, and when a wheel with an unknown rim height passes through the front-end mechanism, the maximum displacement of the pedal of the front-end mechanism is h2, the rim height of the unknown wheel, Sh2, is Sh1+ (h2-h 1).

Example 12

The present embodiment is a system for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness, which has a structure substantially the same as that of embodiment 11, and mainly differs therefrom in that: the detection mechanism inside each side rail in this embodiment includes a first detection mechanism 1401, a second detection mechanism 1402, a third detection mechanism 1403, and a fourth detection mechanism 1404.

When the magnetic steel detects that the train is put in storage, the detection system is started, the front-end mechanism and the four sets of detection mechanisms rise to the specified position, and the process is completed before the train reaches the front-end mechanism. When the front mechanism detects the rim height of the first wheel, the four sets of detection mechanisms are combined with the current position to judge whether the rim height meets the requirement that the pre-pressing amount is 1.5-2mm, if not, the PLC controls the servo motor to ascend and descend to the position meeting the condition, and the process is completed before the wheel to be detected reaches the first detection mechanism 1401. After the fourth detection mechanism 1404 finishes acting, LOG data recording is started, the vertical displacement of the pedals when the wheel passes through each detection mechanism is recorded, and LOG data recording is stopped when the wheel leaves the fourth detection mechanism 1404. When the front-mounted mechanism detects that the rim of the second wheel is high, the first wheel does not pass through the detection mechanism, each detection mechanism judges whether the first wheel leaves or not at first, if the first wheel leaves, the detection mechanism ascends and descends to a proper position according to the current position and the rim of the second wheel, and if the first wheel does not leave or reaches the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism starts to ascend and descend after the first wheel leaves. The system starts a LOG data record each time the first detecting means 1401 finishes lifting, and similarly stops the previous LOG data record each time the fourth detecting means 1404 detects the wheel is off. And when the front-end mechanism has no new value, the system considers that the train passes through the detection mechanism, and the front-end mechanism and the detection mechanism return to the initial position.

The data that the displacement sensor who will four sets of detection mechanism gathered all send the host computer to, and what the size reflection of this data is the size of the relative value of the different circumferential position wheel rims height of wheel tread, when footboard length is greater than wheel week length, can detect the circumference data of wheel tread a week, further draws out the out-of-round condition of wheel tread. The upper computer intercepts and splices the displacement curve of each detection mechanism pedal to obtain a pedal displacement curve from the first detection mechanism 1401 to the fourth detection mechanism 1404, and the maximum value and the minimum value are obtained from the pedal displacement curve, and the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value is the radial runout value of the wheel.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not limited thereto, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching of the present invention, without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, the person skilled in the art should also design the similar structural modes and embodiments without creativity to the technical solution, and all shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A system for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, characterized by: the device comprises a front-end mechanism (13) and a detection mechanism, wherein the front-end mechanism (13) and the detection mechanism are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the warehousing direction of a train, the front-end mechanism (13) is used for detecting the rim height of a wheel to be detected, the detection mechanism is used for detecting the radial runout of the wheel, the detection mechanism comprises a pedal (2), a sliding plate (3) and a fixed plate assembly (4) which are arranged on the inner side of the track (1) and are parallel to each other, the sliding plate (3), the pedal (2) and the fixed plate assembly (4) are connected through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element (8) is connected between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2); the sliding plate (3) is also connected with a driving mechanism (6) through a swing rod transmission mechanism (10).

2. The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) comprises an upper sliding block fixing plate (1001), a swing rod (1002) and a lower sliding block fixing plate (1003), wherein two ends of the swing rod (1002) are respectively connected with the upper sliding block fixing plate (1001) and the lower sliding block fixing plate (1003) in a rotating mode to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper sliding block fixing plate (1001) is fixedly connected with a sliding plate (3), and the lower sliding block fixing plate (1003) is connected with a driving mechanism (6) in a driving mode.

3. The system for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) is connected with the bottom plate assembly (5) in a sliding way through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate assembly (5) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track (1); the fixed plate assembly (4) and the driving mechanism (6) are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly (5).

4. A system for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the detection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the tracks at the two sides, and the number of the detection mechanisms at the same side is more than or equal to 2; the front of the front-end mechanism (13) is also provided with a trigger mechanism, and the trigger mechanism comprises a first magnetic steel (1201) and a second magnetic steel (1202) which are arranged along the inner side of the unilateral rail at intervals.

5. A system for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the driving mechanism (6) comprises a driving motor (601), a lead screw (603) and a lead screw nut (604), wherein an output shaft of the driving motor (601) is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw (603), the other end of the lead screw (603) penetrates through the lead screw nut (604) and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut (604), and the lead screw nut (604) is fixedly connected with the swing rod transmission mechanism (10); the end part of the lead screw (603) is also fixedly connected with the electromagnetic brake (11).

6. A system for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the fixing plate assembly (4) comprises a main fixing plate (401), end fixing plates (402) positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate (401) and an upper sealing plate (403) positioned at the top of the main fixing plate (401), wherein the main fixing plate (401), the end fixing plates (402) and the upper sealing plate (403) jointly surround to form a box-type structure; furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate (404) is arranged between the pedal (2) and the sliding plate (3).

7. A system for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2) is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate (3), and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the fixed plate assembly (4) is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate (3); a displacement sensing plate (903) is fixed on the pedal (2), and a fixedly installed displacement sensor (901) is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate (903); the elastic element (8) adopts a tension spring or a compression spring.

8. A system for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the structure of the front-end mechanism (13) is the same as that of the detection mechanism, and the upper surface of the pedal (2) of the front-end mechanism sequentially comprises an uphill section (201), a horizontal section (202) and a downhill section (203) along the warehousing direction of the train.

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