CN213619767U - Device for accurately detecting scratch and out-of-roundness of tread surface of wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinders out-of-roundness belongs to track traffic technical field. The utility model discloses a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, which comprises a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are arranged at the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, wherein the sliding plate is connected with the pedal and the fixed plate assembly through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal; the sliding plate is also connected with the driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism. Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model the real-time dynamic detection that train wheel tread radial runout can be realized, and its structural stability who detects precision and detection device all obtains effective improvement for current detection mechanism.

Description

Device for accurately detecting scratch and out-of-roundness of tread surface of wheel

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the track traffic, more specifically say, relate to a device that is used for accurate detection wheel to step on face and scratches and reach out-of-roundness.

Background

The train can appear the wearing and tearing of different degrees at the in-process of operation, wearing and tearing can produce the influence to wheel safe operation, and wherein the wheel tread friction that the wearing and tearing are inhomogeneous to result in and radial run out all can lead to wheel tread out of round, wheel tread out of round constitutes serious threat to the operation security of train, makes the train vehicle strengthen greatly to the power effect of circuit and self, still can bring additional vibration and impact simultaneously, reduces the critical speed of train for the stationarity and the travelling comfort of train worsen. Therefore, the out-of-roundness measurement of the wheel tread has important significance for the safe operation of the train.

The detection method of the out-of-roundness of the wheel mainly comprises static detection and dynamic monitoring, wherein the static detection needs to be carried out under the condition that a train stops or the wheel is disassembled, the turnover time of the train is occupied, the speed is low, and the labor intensity is high. The dynamic monitoring not only can realize the on-line monitoring of the wheel set, but also has high automation degree, does not occupy the turnover time of the vehicle and is convenient for storing information data, and the currently adopted dynamic monitoring out-of-roundness method comprises a vibration acceleration detection method and a contact measurement method. The vibration acceleration detection method extracts out-of-roundness information of wheels by analyzing the acquired vibration condition of a track when an entire train passes through a detection point, but the method is influenced by a sensor mounting clamp and sleeper vibration attenuation, and the measurement accuracy is not high.

The contact measurement method is typically a parallelogram method, such as application No. 200720082608.9, entitled: over-and-under type wheel tread is inserted and is hindered and online dynamic detection device of out-of-roundness to and application number is 201210307496.8, utility model creation name: the application of the device for online detecting the inserting wound and the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread discloses an online measuring method of a parallelogram structure and improvement thereof, wherein a displacement sensor in the application is connected with a support fixed on a steel rail forming one side of the parallelogram mechanism, the sensor can directly measure the variation of the relative height of the wheel tread and a wheel rim, the displacement sensor records the diameter condition of the circumference of the whole tread, and the sensor outputs a curve when the tread is out-of-round, so that the out-of-roundness is obtained.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

1. Technical problem to be solved by the utility model

An object of the utility model is to overcome the more than problem that current train wheel tread radial runout detected the existence, provide a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out of roundness. Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model the real-time dynamic detection that train wheel tread radial runout can be realized, and its structural stability who detects precision and detection device all obtains effective improvement for current detection mechanism.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a technical scheme does:

the utility model discloses a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, which comprises a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are arranged at the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, wherein the sliding plate is connected with the pedal and the fixed plate assembly through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal; the sliding plate is also connected with the driving mechanism through a swing rod transmission mechanism.

Furthermore, the swing rod transmission mechanism comprises an upper sliding block fixing plate, a swing rod and a lower sliding block fixing plate, wherein two ends of the swing rod are respectively connected with the upper sliding block fixing plate and the lower sliding block fixing plate in a rotating mode to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper sliding block fixing plate is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the lower sliding block fixing plate is connected with a driving mechanism in a driving mode, and the lower sliding block fixing plate is driven by the driving mechanism to move along the horizontal direction.

Furthermore, the swing rod transmission mechanism is connected with a bottom plate assembly in a sliding manner through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate assembly is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rail; and the fixed plate assembly and the driving mechanism are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly.

Furthermore, the driving mechanism adopts a motor or a servo electric cylinder as a driving source.

Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a lead screw and a lead screw nut, wherein an output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw, the other end of the lead screw penetrates through the lead screw nut and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut, and the lead screw nut is fixedly connected with the swing rod transmission mechanism.

Furthermore, the end part of the lead screw is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic brake.

Furthermore, the fixing plate assembly comprises a main fixing plate, end fixing plates positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate and an upper sealing plate positioned at the top of the main fixing plate, wherein the main fixing plate, the end fixing plates and the upper sealing plate surround together to form a box-type structure; furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate is arranged between the pedal and the sliding plate.

Furthermore, the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the pedal is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate; and a displacement sensing plate is fixed on the pedal, and a fixedly installed displacement sensor is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate.

Furthermore, the elastic element adopts a spring; furthermore, the elastic element is of a pressure spring structure and is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate through an elastic element support, an elastic element support plate acting on the end part of the piston rod of the elastic element is correspondingly arranged on the pedal, an elastic element adjusting plate is further fixedly arranged on the sliding plate, a jackscrew and a nut are arranged on the elastic element adjusting plate, and the jackscrew is just arranged on the top surface of the elastic element support plate.

3. Advantageous effects

Adopt the technical scheme provided by the utility model, compare with prior art, have following effect of showing:

(1) the utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out of roundness, including installing in the inboard footboard that just is parallel to each other of track, sliding plate and fixed plate assembly, wherein the sliding plate passes through the pendulum rod drive mechanism and links to each other with actuating mechanism, when the footboard surface was pressed to the wheel, the footboard produced downward displacement for the sliding plate along slide rail mechanism, keep relative stillness between sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly this moment, through the change that the footboard pushed down the displacement for the sliding plate in going whole week length range to train wheel, can carry out online dynamic measurement with the runout to the radial runout of train wheel tread, the efficiency of measurement is greatly improved, and its measurement accuracy and whole measuring device's structural stability all obtains obviously improving for current parallelogram measuring mechanism.

(2) The utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out-of-roundness, be connected with elastic element between sliding plate and the footboard, footboard automatic recovery to initial position when elastic element's restoring force effect can make the wheel leave down. Meanwhile, the sliding plate is connected with the driving mechanism through the swing rod transmission mechanism, and before the train arrives, the driving mechanism drives the sliding plate to move up and down, so that the pedal and the sliding plate can be synchronously lifted and lowered under the action of the elastic element, the initial height of the pedal can be adjusted, the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rim heights can be met, the wheels can be prevented from causing larger impact on the pedal, and the measurement precision can be guaranteed.

(3) The utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel to step on face and scratches out-of-roundness, pendulum rod drive mechanism include top shoe fixed plate, pendulum rod and lower slider fixed plate, the utility model discloses a pendulum rod drive mechanism's setting utilizes actuating mechanism drive lower slider fixed plate along the horizontal direction side-to-side motion, can be in order to realize the elevating movement of sliding plate along vertical direction to be favorable to guaranteeing the stationarity of sliding plate elevating movement on the one hand, and prevent effectively that the sliding plate from taking place to incline when the footboard is pressed to the wheel, on the other hand can also effectively save actuating mechanism's installation space, directly turn into the elevating movement of sliding plate with the horizontal motion of actuating mechanism output.

(4) The utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to wipe and hinders out-of-roundness, actuating mechanism include driving motor, lead screw and screw nut, take place to rotate through the motor drive lead screw, make screw nut carry out horizontal migration along the lead screw axis to drive pendulum rod drive mechanism's motion, can realize the lift adjustment of sliding plate with the help of pendulum rod drive mechanism's swing.

(5) The utility model discloses a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness, the end of the lead screw is also fixedly connected with an electromagnetic brake, when the motor drives, the electromagnetic brake is opened to brake, and the motor can smoothly realize the up-and-down motion of the sliding plate; when the wheel presses the pedal, the motor keeps still, the electromagnetic brake works and keeps braking, so that the screw nut can be ensured not to horizontally move, and the phenomenon that the sliding plate moves up and down under the rolling action of the wheel to influence the accuracy of a measuring result can be prevented.

(6) The utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out of roundness, the fixed plate assembly include the main fixed plate, be located the end fixing plate at main fixed plate both ends and be located the last shrouding at main fixed plate top, main fixed plate, end fixing plate and go up the shrouding jointly around forming boxlike structure to can further improve the structural strength and the stability of relative motion between whole detection device's structural strength and stability and sliding plate and footboard, the fixed plate assembly. An intermediate fixing plate is arranged between the sliding plate and the pedal, so that the structural stability of the device is further improved.

(7) The utility model discloses a device that is used for accurate detection wheel tread to scratch out-of-roundness, slide rail mechanism between sliding plate and the footboard is for the slope installation of sliding plate, and slide rail mechanism between sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is for the perpendicular installation of sliding plate to be favorable to further improving the stability of whole measuring device structure and operation, and effectively reduce the impact of wheel to detection device, guaranteed measuring result's accuracy. The utility model discloses a be fixed with displacement tablet on the footboard, the top or the below correspondence of displacement tablet are equipped with fixed mounting's displacement sensor, through survey displacement sensor and displacement tablet between the change data of distance handle can directly obtain the runout condition of wheel.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a device for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and out-of-roundness according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of an installation structure of the fixing plate assembly of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view (a) of the disassembled structure of the device for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and the out-of-roundness according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view (ii) of the disassembled structure of the device for accurately detecting the wheel tread scratch and the out-of-roundness according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the sliding plate lifting driving and transmission mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom plate assembly of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the lifting driving mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the spiral tension spring of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the spring pin of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:

1. a track; 2. a pedal; 3. a sliding plate; 4. a fixed plate assembly; 401. a main fixing plate; 402. an end fixing plate; 403. an upper sealing plate; 404. a middle fixing plate; 5. a floor assembly; 501. a bottom support plate; 502. a first track platen; 503. a platen bolt; 504. a platen nut; 505. a draw bar bolt; 506. fixing the ear; 507. reinforcing ribs; 508. a second track press plate; 6. a drive mechanism; 601. a drive motor; 602. a motor mounting seat; 603. a lead screw; 604. a lead screw nut; 605. a lead screw fixing seat; 701. a first slide rail; 702. a second slide rail; 703. a third slide rail; 704. a fourth slide rail; 8. an elastic element; 801. an elastic element support; 802. an elastic element adjusting plate; 803. an elastic element support plate; 804. a spring pin; 805. hooking a groove; 901. a displacement sensor; 902. a sensor mount; 903. a displacement sensing plate; 10. a swing rod transmission mechanism; 1001. an upper slide block fixing plate; 1002. a swing rod; 1003. a lower slider fixing plate; 1004. a slider; 1005. a guide rail; 1006; a nut connecting rod; 11. an electromagnetic brake.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-5, the apparatus for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and non-circularity of the present embodiment includes a pedal 2, a sliding plate 3 and a fixed plate assembly 4 mounted inside a track 1 and parallel to each other, the sliding plate 3, the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 are connected by a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element 8 is connected between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2; the sliding plate 3 is also connected with the driving mechanism 6 through a swing link transmission mechanism 10.

The train wheel comprises a tread part and a rim part, the tread is out of round due to long-term contact and abrasion with the rail, and the rim is still a standard circle without contact with other objects. Therefore, when the wheel tread is in contact with the steel rail at different positions, the distances from the top points of the wheel rims to the top surface of the steel rail are different. According to the tread out-of-round condition of the wheel tread, the tread 2 is installed on the rail, when the wheel passes through, the top surface of the tread 2 is always kept in contact with the top point of the wheel rim, the tread 2 generates downward displacement under the pressing action of the wheel rim, the displacement changes along with the difference of the contact points of the tread and the rail, the change of the displacement of the tread 2 in the process that the wheel passes through the tread 2 is collected, and the out-of-round condition of the wheel tread can be depicted.

In actual use, the wheel rims of all wheels on a train are different in height, the pedal 2 is higher than the wheel rims by a certain value during measurement to serve as prepressing amount, the prepressing amount cannot be too large, otherwise the wheels can seriously impact the pedal 2, the damage to the pedal 2 is caused, and the measurement accuracy is reduced; the pre-pressure must also not be too small, otherwise the wheel rim will not press the pedal 2, resulting in no detectable data. Through the split type structural design of the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4, the pedal 2, the sliding plate assembly and the fixed plate assembly are matched with the driving mechanism 6, so that the tread defect of the wheel can be measured, the initial height of the pedal 2 can be adjusted, the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rims and high heights can be met, the larger impact of the wheels on the pedal 2 is reduced, and the measurement precision is ensured. Specifically, before the train arrives, according to the rim height of the train wheel to be measured, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, so that the sliding plate 3 is driven to lift relative to the fixed plate assembly 4, and under the action of the elastic element 8, the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 lift synchronously, so that the initial height of the pedal assembly 2 is adjusted. When the height of the pedal 2 reaches a set value, the driving mechanism 6 stops working.

After the train wheels press the pedal 2, under the rolling action of the wheels, the pedal 2 moves downwards relative to the sliding plate 3 along the sliding rail mechanism, and at the moment, the sliding plate 3 does not slide relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the supporting action of the driving mechanism 6; when the train wheel leaves the pedal 2, the pedal 2 automatically moves upwards along the sliding rail mechanism gradually under the action of restoring force of the elastic element 8 relative to the sliding plate 3, and radial run-out, tread scratch and abrasion data of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the pressing displacement data of the pedal 2, so that the on-line dynamic measurement of the train wheel defects is realized, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved. This embodiment is through carrying out optimal design to detection device's structure, leads to the removal of footboard 2 with the help of slide rail mechanism to make it carry out the motion of replying through elastic element 8's effect, thereby for current parallelogram measuring mechanism, measuring device's structural stability and measurement accuracy have all obtained effective improvement.

Specifically, if the tread surface of the wheel is not scratched, the vertical position of the tread surface relative to the steel rail is unchanged in the whole tread surface circumference, and the pressing displacement of the pedal 2 is kept unchanged; on the contrary, if the tread of the wheel is scratched or unevenly worn, the relative height from the tread to the top of the wheel rim is changed, the vertical position of the pedal 2 and the steel rail is also changed relatively, and the change amount of the vertical height of the pedal 2 is the scratch amount. Meanwhile, the amount of the depression displacement of the pedal 2 is compared with that of a new wheel without abrasion, and the abrasion amount of the wheel tread can be obtained. In this embodiment, a displacement sensing plate 903 is fixed on the pedal 2, a fixedly installed displacement sensor 901 is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate 903, when a wheel presses the pedal 2, the displacement sensing plate 903 is lifted synchronously with the pedal 2, and the displacement sensor 901 is fixed, so that the radial run-out of the wheel tread can be directly obtained through the displacement change between the displacement sensing plate 903 and the displacement sensed by the displacement sensor 901 during the rolling process of the wheel.

Example 2

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and the difference is mainly that: as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the swing link transmission mechanism 10 of this embodiment includes an upper slider fixing plate 1001, a swing link 1002, and a lower slider fixing plate 1003, wherein two ends of a plurality of parallel swing links 1002 are respectively rotatably connected to the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 to form a parallelogram mechanism (in this embodiment, two ends of the swing link 1002 are respectively provided with a bearing, and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 are respectively and correspondingly fixed with a bearing pin matched with the bearing, so as to realize the rotatable connection between the swing link 1002 and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003). The upper sliding block fixing plate 1001 is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 3, the lower sliding block fixing plate 1003 is in driving connection with the driving mechanism 6, the driving mechanism 6 drives the lower sliding block fixing plate 1003 to move in the horizontal direction, and the upper sliding block fixing plate 1001 moves up and down under the action of the swing rod 1002, so that the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 are driven to synchronously move up and down. This embodiment is through the setting of pendulum rod drive mechanism to carry out optimal design to its structure, thereby be favorable to guaranteeing sliding plate 3 elevating movement's stationarity on the one hand, and prevent effectively that sliding plate 3 from taking place to incline when the footboard 2 is pressed to the wheel, on the other hand can also effectively save actuating mechanism 6's installation space, directly turns into the elevating movement of sliding plate 3 with the horizontal motion of actuating mechanism 6 output.

Example 3

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 2, and the difference is mainly that: the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 of the present embodiment is slidably connected to the bottom plate assembly 5 through a sliding rail mechanism, the bottom plate assembly 5 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rail 1, and the fixing plate assembly 4 and the driving mechanism 6 are both installed on the bottom plate assembly 5. Specifically, the slide rail mechanism comprises a slide block 1004 and a guide rail 1005, wherein the guide rail 1005 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate assembly 5, the slide block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower slide block fixing plate 1003 at intervals, and when the driving mechanism 6 works, the lower slide block fixing plate 1003 is driven to horizontally move along the linear guide rail 1005, so that the movement stability of the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 is favorably ensured.

Example 4

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 3, and the difference is mainly that: with reference to fig. 2, 4, 6, and 7, the bottom plate assembly 5 of this embodiment includes a bottom support plate 501, a first rail pressing plate 502 and a second rail pressing plate 508 are disposed on the bottom support plate 501, the first rail pressing plate 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate 501 through a pressing plate bolt 503, and two sides of the bottom of the rail 1 are respectively pressed and fixed between the first rail pressing plate 502, the second rail pressing plate 508, and the bottom support plate 501; the bottom support plate 501 is further provided with a pressing plate nut 504, a seam which is profiled with the side edge of the bottom of the track 1 is processed on the pressing plate nut 504, and the pressing plate nut 504 is fixedly connected with a fixing lug 506 at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501 through a pull rod bolt 505. When the pull rod bolt 505 fastens the pressing plate nut 504 through the fixing lug 506, the nip distance between the pressing plate nut 504 and the second rail pressing plate 508 is reduced, so that the bottom plate assembly 5 and the steel rail are tightly fixed together; the bottom support plate 501 is then further fastened to the rail by the platen bolts 503 and the first rail platen 502. In this embodiment, the two sides of the bottom supporting plate 501 are further provided with reinforcing ribs 507, the bottom supporting plate 501 and the reinforcing ribs 507 are integrated, and a casting or welding mode can be adopted to ensure the integral rigidity of the mechanism so as to meet the requirement of the measurement accuracy of the whole mechanism.

Example 5

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 4, and the difference is mainly as follows: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the sliding rail mechanisms between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 and between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4 both include a sliding block and a guiding rail that are matched with each other, in this embodiment, the sliding block is fixedly mounted on the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4, and the guiding rail that is in sliding fit with the sliding block is correspondingly disposed on the sliding plate 3, wherein the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4 is vertically mounted with respect to the sliding plate 3, and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 is obliquely mounted with respect to the sliding plate 3, so that the structural stability of the whole device is improved, and the impact of.

Example 6

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 5, and the difference is mainly that: the driving mechanism 6 is driven by a motor, specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 7, the driving mechanism 6 of this embodiment includes a driving motor 601, a lead screw 603 and a lead screw nut 604, wherein the driving motor 601 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bottom supporting plate 501 through a motor mounting seat 602, an output shaft thereof is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw 603 through a coupling, the other end of the lead screw 603 passes through the lead screw nut 604 and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut 604, a lead screw fixing seat 605 is further fixed on the bottom supporting plate 501, and the lead screw 603 passes through the lead screw fixing seat 605 and is connected with an output shaft of the. The lead screw nut 604 is fixedly connected with the lower slider fixing plate 1003 of the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 through a nut connecting rod 1006, in this embodiment, the lower end of the nut connecting rod 1006 is fixed on the surface of the lead screw nut 604 in a sleeved mode, and the upper end of the nut connecting rod 1006 passes through the bottom supporting plate 501 and is fixedly connected with the lower slider fixing plate 1003. When the motor rotates, the screw 603 is driven to rotate, and the screw nut 604 drives the nut connecting rod 1006 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 to move back and forth along the horizontal direction, so that the sliding plate 3 moves up and down. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the driving mechanism 6 is not limited to the specific structure of the embodiment, as long as the lower slider fixing plate 1003 can be driven to move horizontally, for example, a servo electric cylinder is directly used to replace the driving motor 601 of the embodiment, and a cylinder rod of the servo electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the nut connecting rod 1006.

Example 7

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 6, and the difference is mainly that: in this embodiment, the end of the screw 603 is further fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake 11, and the electromagnetic brake 11 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501.

Due to the system requirement, when the wheel presses the pedal 2, the force borne by the pedal 2 is transmitted to the sliding plate 3 through the elastic element 8, if the sliding plate 3 generates displacement, the measurement is affected, and even the displacement sensor cannot measure data. It is important that the slide plate 3 is kept stationary. In the embodiment, an electromagnetic brake 11 is installed at the end of the lead screw 603, and when the motor is driven, the electromagnetic brake 11 is braked, and the motor can smoothly move the sliding plate 3 up and down. When the wheel presses the pedal 2, the motor keeps still, the electromagnetic brake 11 keeps braking, thereby ensuring that the screw nut 604 does not move horizontally, and the sliding plate 3 does not move up and down, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy.

Example 8

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 7, and the difference is mainly that: referring to fig. 2, the fixing plate assembly 4 of the present embodiment includes a main fixing plate 401, end fixing plates 402 disposed at two ends of the main fixing plate 401, and an upper sealing plate 403 disposed on top of the main fixing plate 401, wherein the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plates 402, and the upper sealing plate 403 together surround to form a box-type structure. The sliding plate 3 is connected with the pedal 2 in a sliding manner through the first sliding rail 701, connected with the main fixing plate 401 in a sliding manner through the second sliding rail 702, and connected with the end fixing plate 402 in a sliding manner through the third sliding rail 703, so that the stability of the whole device structure and the stability of the sliding plate during up-and-down movement can be further improved, and the measurement precision can be favorably ensured. Furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate 404 is further disposed between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, the sliding plate 3 and the intermediate fixing plate 404 are slidably connected by a fourth slide rail 704, the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plate 402, the upper sealing plate 403 and the intermediate fixing plate 404 together surround to form a relatively closed box-type structure, and the sliding plate 3 is installed inside the box-type fixing plate assembly. In this embodiment, the displacement sensor 901 is fixedly mounted on the upper sealing plate 403 through a sensor mounting seat 902, and the sensor mounting seat 902 is processed into a C-shaped structure.

Example 9

The structure of the device for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel in the embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 7, and the difference is mainly that: the elastic element 8 may be a spring, specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the elastic element 8 of the present embodiment is a compression spring structure, and is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate 3 through an elastic element support 801 (the elastic element support 801 is provided with a mounting hole having the same diameter as the elastic element), the pedal 2 is correspondingly provided with an elastic element support plate 803 acting on the end of the piston rod of the elastic element 8, and the elastic element support plate 803 of the present embodiment is processed into a Z shape. In this embodiment, an elastic element adjusting plate 802 is further fixed on the sliding plate 3, the elastic element adjusting plate 802 is L-shaped and fixed on the sliding plate 3 by bolts, a threaded hole is processed on the elastic element adjusting plate 802, a jackscrew penetrates through the threaded hole and is jacked on an elastic element supporting plate 803 of the pedal, the prepressing force of the spring is adjusted by the jackscrew, and after the prepressing force is adjusted to a preset position, the jackscrew is fastened by a nut.

When the spiral tension spring in fig. 8 is used as the elastic element, the spring pins 804 are fixed on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, as shown in fig. 9, spring hooks are respectively disposed at two ends of the spiral tension spring, hook grooves 805 corresponding to the spring hooks are correspondingly formed on the spring pins 804, and two ends of the spiral tension spring are respectively and fixedly mounted on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 through the spring hooks.

The method for accurately detecting the scratch and the out-of-roundness of the tread surface of the wheel adopts the device of the embodiment, and the detection process comprises the following steps:

step one, pedal height adjustment: according to the rim height of a train wheel to be detected, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, so that the sliding plate 3 is driven to lift, at the moment, no relative motion exists between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, the pedal 2 synchronously lifts along with the sliding plate 3, and when the pedal 2 lifts to a specified position, the driving mechanism 6 stops working;

step two, wheel radial run-out detection: when a wheel presses the pedal 2, the pedal 2 is pressed by the rim of the wheel to generate downward displacement along the direction of the sliding rail, in the process of descending the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 is kept still relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the action of the driving mechanism 6, at the moment, the displacement sensor 901 generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate 903, and the displacement of the pedal 2 pressed by the rim of the wheel when the wheel passes is obtained through conversion; the radial run-out condition of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor 901 in the circumference of the whole wheel tread;

step three, when the wheels leave, the pedal 2 is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic element 8; at this time, the drive mechanism 6 continues to operate, and the drive pedal 2 is lowered to a specified position where the rim of the wheel cannot be pressed against the pedal 2 regardless of the height of the rim of the passing wheel.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not limited thereto, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching of the present invention, without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, the person skilled in the art should also design the similar structural modes and embodiments without creativity to the technical solution, and all shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A device for accurately detecting the scratch and out-of-roundness of a tread surface of a wheel is characterized in that: the device comprises a pedal (2), a sliding plate (3) and a fixed plate assembly (4) which are arranged on the inner side of a track (1) and are parallel to each other, wherein the sliding plate (3), the pedal (2) and the fixed plate assembly (4) are connected through a sliding rail mechanism, and an elastic element (8) is connected between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2); the sliding plate (3) is also connected with a driving mechanism (6) through a swing rod transmission mechanism (10).

2. The apparatus for accurately detecting the scuffing and out-of-roundness of the tread of a wheel as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) comprises an upper sliding block fixing plate (1001), a swing rod (1002) and a lower sliding block fixing plate (1003), wherein two ends of the swing rod (1002) are respectively connected with the upper sliding block fixing plate (1001) and the lower sliding block fixing plate (1003) in a rotating mode to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper sliding block fixing plate (1001) is fixedly connected with a sliding plate (3), and the lower sliding block fixing plate (1003) is connected with a driving mechanism (6) in a driving mode.

3. The apparatus for accurately detecting the scuffing and out-of-roundness of the tread of a wheel as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) is connected with the bottom plate assembly (5) in a sliding way through a sliding rail mechanism, and the bottom plate assembly (5) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track (1); the fixed plate assembly (4) and the driving mechanism (6) are both arranged on the bottom plate assembly (5).

4. A device for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the driving mechanism (6) adopts a motor or a servo electric cylinder as a driving source.

5. A device for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the driving mechanism (6) comprises a driving motor (601), a lead screw (603) and a lead screw nut (604), wherein an output shaft of the driving motor (601) is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw (603), the other end of the lead screw (603) penetrates through the lead screw nut (604) and is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut (604), and the lead screw nut (604) is fixedly connected with the swing rod transmission mechanism (10).

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the means for accurately detecting wheel tread scuffing and out-of-roundness comprises: the end part of the lead screw (603) is also fixedly connected with the electromagnetic brake (11).

7. A device for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the fixing plate assembly (4) comprises a main fixing plate (401), end fixing plates (402) positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate (401) and an upper sealing plate (403) positioned at the top of the main fixing plate (401), wherein the main fixing plate (401), the end fixing plates (402) and the upper sealing plate (403) jointly surround to form a box-type structure; furthermore, an intermediate fixing plate (404) is arranged between the pedal (2) and the sliding plate (3).

8. A device for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2) is obliquely arranged relative to the sliding plate (3), and the sliding rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the fixed plate assembly (4) is vertically arranged relative to the sliding plate (3); a displacement sensing plate (903) is fixed on the pedal (2), and a fixedly installed displacement sensor (901) is correspondingly arranged above or below the displacement sensing plate (903).

9. A device for accurately detecting scuffing and out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the elastic element (8) adopts a spring; preferably, the elastic element (8) is a compression spring and is fixedly arranged on the sliding plate (3), and the pedal (2) is correspondingly provided with an elastic element supporting plate (803) acting on the end part of the piston rod of the elastic element (8); preferably, an elastic element adjusting plate (802) is further fixed on the sliding plate (3), a threaded hole is processed on the elastic element adjusting plate (802), and a jackscrew penetrates through the threaded hole and is propped against the elastic element supporting plate (803).

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