CN109443289A - A kind of device and method for railway train wheel tread defects detection - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for railway train wheel tread defects detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN109443289A CN109443289A CN201811502025.6A CN201811502025A CN109443289A CN 109443289 A CN109443289 A CN 109443289A CN 201811502025 A CN201811502025 A CN 201811502025A CN 109443289 A CN109443289 A CN 109443289A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 206010001541 Akinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of device and methods for railway train wheel tread defects detection, belong to train wheel detection technique field.A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, including being installed on the movable plate, fixed plate and movable plate displacement sensing unit and movable plate balance mechanism that lateral edge track length direction is distributed in track, it is connected between the movable plate and fixed plate by sliding track mechanism and elastic mechanism, and the both ends of movable plate are rotatedly connected with movable plate balance mechanism.Real-time and Dynamic Detection can be carried out to train wheel flat, circular runout and out-of-roundness under train high-speed cruising state using technical solution of the present invention, and its detection accuracy is higher, stability is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to train wheel detection technique fields, lack more specifically to one kind for railway train wheel tread
Fall into the device and method of detection.
Background technique
Train wheel is one of most important running part of rail traffic vehicles, and the operating status taken turns pair directly affects train
Traffic safety.Train in the process of running, along with high speed and heavy duty, the wheel of train to subject very big dynamic load,
Easily occur flat sliding, removing, non-round phenomenon on wheel tread.Wherein the tyre tread refers to that wheel is in contact with rail surface
Excircle, have constant slope.The flat sliding is caused by being slided as wheel, wheel tread when wheel sliding
The part contacted with rail at fixed friction face, it and rail continuous frictional and make that part plan mill occurs on wheel tread
Consumption forms scratch.The shelled tread refers to since wheel tread surface long term is run by uneven in temperature or constant impingement etc.
Caused by material falls back.The tyre tread circular runout refers to the maximum difference with minimum diameter on wheel tread cross section；It is described
Tyre tread out-of-roundness, be as above-mentioned all phenomenons as caused by flat sliding, shelled tread etc., also referred to as ovality or lose circularity.
The above-mentioned thread defect of Railway wheelset can bring in operation additional impact vibration to train, lead to train operation
Quality decline, abrasion aggravation, to influence the safety and service life of train and orbital facilities, result even in axle fracture,
Wheel is collapsed, is caused a serious accident.Therefore, the detection of tire tread defects is for guaranteeing that the traffic safety of train has important meaning
Justice.Most of detection of China's wheel tread defect at present also rests on section and repairs under state by technical staff using mechanical calliper
Or measuring scale measures, and is not only worked using the measurement of these mechanical implements loaded down with trivial details, large labor intensity is affected by the surrounding environment
Greatly, artificial measurement error can't be eliminated, therefore its measurement accuracy is low, measurement efficiency is not high.Dynamic on-line monitoring refers to column
The real-time online measuring that vehicle is carried out when operating normally on rail, on-line checking is not due to Automatic survey degree height, accounting for
The features such as with the rolling stock turnaround time and convenient for storage wheel information data, and it is increasingly subject to attention both domestic and external.
Through retrieving, the patent report about railway train wheel tread defects detection has more disclosure, but existing wheel tread
Defect dynamic measuring mechanism generallys use parallelogram sturcutre, and the structural stability of the testing agency is relatively poor, detection
Precision still needs to be further increased.Such as, Chinese patent CN96216065.2 discloses a kind of train wheel flat and abrasion
Dynamic measurement device, the device are made of two sets or two sets or more of parallelogram mechanism and corresponding displacement sensor
Train wheel flat and wear measurement unit and signal processing unit composition, parallelogram mechanism by plate, branch
Bar, rail, spring, support, bearing connect into.In practical applications, which has the following problems: when train wheel just with column
In vehicle wheel tread flat and wear measurement unit parallelogram mechanism plate contact when, wheel easily to the mechanism bring compared with
Big impact and vibration causes plate to be instantaneously detached from wheel rim, loses measuring basis, leads to test leakage and accidentally surveys, influences to survey
The accuracy of amount.In addition to this, which is unable to control parallelogram in train wheel flat and wear measurement unit
The plate height of mechanism, when wheel rim height is different caused by encountering because of abrasion, it is understood that there may be wheel rim and the plate are contactless or contact
Excessively, so as to cause no measurement result or on mechanism cause it is biggish shock and influence measurement even mechanical shocks can be damaged
Problem.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved by the inivention
It is an object of the invention to overcome problem above existing for existing railway train wheel tread defects detection, and provide one
Kind is used for the device and method of railway train wheel tread defects detection.It can be in train high-speed cruising shape using technical solution of the present invention
Real-time and Dynamic Detection is carried out to train wheel flat, circular runout and out-of-roundness under state, and its detection accuracy is higher, stablizes
Property is good.
2. technical solution
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, including to be installed on lateral edge track in track long
Spend the movable plate of directional spreding, fixed plate and movable plate displacement sensing unit and movable plate balance mechanism, the movable plate with
It is connected between fixed plate by sliding track mechanism and elastic mechanism, and the both ends of movable plate are rotatedly connected with movable plate balance mechanism.
Further, the movable plate balance mechanism includes sliding block fixed plate and swing rod, wherein one end of swing rod with
Movable plate is rotatedly connected, and the other end is rotatedly connected with sliding block fixed plate, and sliding block fixed plate, movable plate and swing rod are collectively formed flat
Row quadrangular mechanism.
Further, the both ends of the swing rod are mounted on bearing, are fixed by bearing pin and movable plate and sliding block
Plate is rotatedly connected, and sliding block fixed plate is slidably mounted on bottom plate by sliding track mechanism, which is fixed in the bottom of track
Portion.
Further, the movable plate is connected with lift drive mechanism, which is used for movable plate
Height is adjusted.
Further, the lift drive mechanism includes motor, lead screw, feed screw nut and feed screw nut seat, wherein electricity
The output shaft of machine is fixedly linked with lead screw one end, and the lead screw other end passes through feed screw nut and is connected with feed screw nut screw thread, the silk
Thick stick nut passes through feed screw nut seat, and feed screw nut seat is fixedly linked with movable plate.
Further, the motor is fixedly installed in fixed plate by motor mount, above the feed screw nut
It is fixedly installed with sensor installation seat, displacement sensor is installed on sensor installation seat, and tablet correspondence is installed on lead screw spiral shell
In base.
Further, the sensor installation seat is fixed with the second sliding block close to the side of movable plate, consolidates on movable plate
Surely there are the second guide rail with the cooperation of the second sliding block, and sliding track mechanism between the installation direction and movable plate, fixed plate of the second guide rail
Installation direction it is parallel.
Further, at least two sliding track mechanisms being parallel to each other are equipped between the movable plate and fixed plate, and sliding
Rail mechanism is obliquely installed relative to movable plate and fixed plate；The elastic mechanism includes elastic element, the both ends of elastic element
It is fixedly installed on movable plate and fixed plate respectively, and the installation direction of elastic element is parallel with sliding track mechanism.
Further, the movable plate includes pedal and sliding panel, and pedal is fixedly installed on sliding panel；It is described to step on
Plate and sliding panel are all made of segmented connection structure, wherein being connected between adjacent sliding panel by interlocking block, and adjacent sliding panel
Between interlocking block mutually overlap and form interlocking structure；The pedal preferably comprises pedal and lower pedal, and upper pedal
Elastic cushion is equipped between lower pedal.
A kind of method for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, using measuring device of the invention, mistake
Journey is as follows:
Step 1: movable plate height adjustment: high according to the wheel rim of train wheel to be detected, control motor lifting makes activity
Plate is elevated to designated position, and motor stops working at this time；
Step 2: wheel detection process: when pressure wheel upper mobile board, movable plate is depressed by wheel rim, is generated along cunning
The displacement of rail direction obliquely, during movable plate decline, feed screw nut is remained stationary, and feed screw nut seat is with movable plate one
It rises and moves downward, displacement sensor generates relative displacement relative to displacement tablet at this time, and wheel warp is acquired by conversion
The displacement that out-of-date movable plate is depressed by wheel rim；By to the collected number of entire wheel tread perimeter intrinsic displacement sensor institute
According to being handled, railway train wheel tread circular runout, flat sliding and abrasion condition can be obtained；
Step 3: movable plate is restored to position specified when motor lifting under the action of elastic mechanism when wheel leaves
It sets；Motor continues to start work at this time, and driving movable plate drops to designated position, no matter the wheel rim for the wheel that the position is passed through is high
It is how many, wheel rim cannot be pressed onto movable plate.
3. beneficial effect
Using technical solution provided by the invention, compared with prior art, there is following remarkable result:
(1) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, including it is installed on lateral edge rail in track
Movable plate, fixed plate and the sensing unit of road length directional spreding, movable plate can with train wheel roll and carry out up and down with
Dynamic, when train wheel presses upper mobile board, movable plate can generate downward motion relative to fixed plate along sliding track mechanism, and work as train
When wheel leaves movable plate, movable plate carries out return motion along sliding track mechanism upwards, to drive displacement tablet relative to position
Displacement sensor moves, and is surveyed by displacement sensor and is displaced the variation of the distance between tablet, can be to train wheel
Circular runout, flat sliding and the abrasion of tyre tread carry out on-line dynamic measurement, substantially increase measurement efficiency, and its measurement accuracy
And the structural stability of entire measuring device is improved significantly relative to existing parallelogram measuring mechanism.
(2) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, by elastic mechanism to movable plate into
Row support installation, therefore when train wheel leaves movable plate, under the action of elastic mechanism movable plate and displacement can feel
It answers plate gradually to automatically return to home position, realizes servo-actuated between movable plate and wheel tread.
(3) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, the both ends of the movable plate and activity
Plate balance mechanism is rotatedly connected, and optimizes by the setting of movable plate balance mechanism, and to its structure, so as to have
The influence after avoiding pressure wheel upper mobile board because of movable plate run-off the straight to measurement result is imitated, and then improves measurement accuracy.
(4) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, between the movable plate and fixed plate
The sliding track mechanism being parallel to each other equipped at least two, and sliding track mechanism is obliquely installed relative to movable plate and fixed plate, to have
Conducive to further increasing the stability of entire measuring device structure and operation, and impact of the wheel to measuring mechanism is effectively reduced,
It ensure that the accuracy of measurement result.
(5) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, further includes for adjusting movable plate height
The lift drive mechanism of degree can be adjusted the elemental height of movable plate, to meet difference by lift drive mechanism
The measurement request of the high wheel of wheel rim, prevents wheel from causing biggish impact to movable plate, and guarantee measurement accuracy.Meanwhile passing through
The structure of lift drive mechanism is optimized, and the installation site of tablet and displacement sensor is optimized, from
And on the one hand adjusted convenient for the position of movable plate, and its adjusting is more steady, it is on the other hand also beneficial to improve whole device knot
The stability and measurement accuracy of structure.
(6) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, the sensor installation seat is close to living
The side of movable plate is fixed with the second sliding block, the second guide rail with the cooperation of the second sliding block is fixed on movable plate, so as to effective
The gap between feed screw nut and movable plate is eliminated, prevents feed screw nut from rotating the influence to measurement result.
(7) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, the movable plate include pedal and
Sliding panel, pedal, which is bolted, to be installed on sliding panel, by using the hardened structure of Split type movable, when pedal is because of long-term rolling
Pressure or abrasion need to only dismantle more sliding pedal when being damaged, easy to operate.Meanwhile the present invention is by carrying out pedal structure
Optimization design, using resilient pedal structure, generated vibration when so as to substantially reduce train rolling, so that testing agency
The track train wheel dynamic parameter accuracy of acquisition significantly improves.
(8) a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, the pedal are all made of with sliding panel
Segmented connection structure, wherein being connected between adjacent sliding panel by interlocking block, and the interlocking block between adjacent sliding panel is mutual
Overlap joint forms interlocking structure, so as to further avoid causing sliding panel to tilt after pedal on pressure wheel, advantageously ensures that inspection
Survey precision.
(9) a kind of method for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the invention, by on-line dynamic measurement device
It optimizes, so as to effectively improve the stability and wheel tread circular runout, flat sliding of testing agency's structure
And the accuracy of abrasion detection data, while movable plate height can also be adjusted, to meet the different high wheels of wheel rim
Testing requirements reduce the percussion to movable plate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of contact method tire tread defects dynamic on-line monitoring；
Fig. 2 is the integral installation structural schematic diagram of the device of railway train wheel tread defect on-line dynamic measurement of the invention
(1)；
Fig. 3 is the integral installation structural schematic diagram of the device of railway train wheel tread defect on-line dynamic measurement of the invention
(2)；
Fig. 4 is the fractionation structural representation (one) of on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the fractionation structural representation (two) of on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of guide rail mounting base of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of pressing plate；
Fig. 8 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of movable plate balance mechanism of the invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of lift drive mechanism of the invention；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of movable plate balance mechanism of the invention；
Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of the second sliding track mechanism of the invention；
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of sliding panel interlocking structure of the invention；
Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of elastic footboard of the invention；
Figure 14 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of pressure spring of the invention；
Figure 15 is the structural schematic diagram of spring mounting seat of the invention.
Label declaration in schematic diagram:
1, track；2, pedal；201, upper pedal；202, lower pedal；203, elastic cushion；3, sliding panel；4, fixed plate；5, bottom
Plate；501, briquetting；502, pressing plate；6, elastic mechanism；601, the first fixed column；602, the second fixed column；603, spring bearer plate；
604, spring mounting seat；7, wheel；801, the first sliding block；802, the first guide rail；803, guide rail mounting base；8031, guide rail is installed
Face；8032, guide rail mounting hole；804, pressing plate；8041, claw；9, lift drive mechanism；901, motor；902, motor mount；
903, feed screw nut；904, feed screw nut seat；905, sensor installation seat；906, lead screw；907, lead screw support base；908, second
Sliding block；909, the second guide rail；1001, tablet；1002, displacement sensor；11, reinforcing rib；12, the first interlocking block；1201,
One interlocking plane；13, the second interlocking block；1301, the second interlocking plane；1401, third guide rail；1402, third sliding block；1403,
Sliding block fixed plate；1404, swing rod.
Specific embodiment
To further appreciate that the contents of the present invention, now in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Fig. 2-Fig. 5, a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, including it is installed on rail
Movable plate, fixed plate 4 and the movable plate displacement sensing unit and movable plate balance that 1 length direction of lateral edge track is distributed in road 1
Mechanism is connected between the movable plate and fixed plate 4 by sliding track mechanism and elastic mechanism, and wherein movable plate is displaced sensing unit
Including the tablet 1001 being fixedly linked with movable plate, and the displacement being fixedly mounted above or below tablet 1001 passes
Sensor 1002 or the two installation site are exchanged.Above-mentioned sliding track mechanism is for being oriented to the movement of movable plate, elastic mechanism
Mobile movable plate is pushed when for leaving wheel returns back to home position upwards.
The testing principle of tire tread defects in the present embodiment specifically: as described in Figure 1, train wheel includes tread portions
And rim section, tyre tread causes tyre tread to lose circle with rail contact abrasion for a long time, and wheel rim is not contacted with other objects, is still a mark
Director circle.Therefore, when wheel tread different location and rail contact, the distance on wheel rim vertex to rail surface is all different.This
Embodiment is by one movable plate of in-orbit installation, and when wheel 7 passes through, movable plate is remained and wheel rim apexes contact, movable plate
Downward displacement is generated under the pressure effect of wheel rim, and the displacement is with the difference of tyre tread and 1 contact point of track
And change, the variation that acquisition wheel 7 is displaced by movable plate during movable plate, it can depict wheel tread and lose circle feelings
Condition.
In the present embodiment after train wheel 7 presses upper mobile board, under the rolling effect of wheel 7, movable plate is along sliding rail machine
Structure is moved down relative to fixed plate, and the distance between tablet 1001 and displacement sensor 1002 change；And when column
When vehicle wheel leaves movable plate, elastic mechanism restoring force effect under movable plate along sliding track mechanism relative to fixed plate gradually to
Upper carry out return motion, to the distance between 1002 surveys of displacement sensor and tablet 1001 delta data
Reason, can be obtained circular runout, flat sliding and the wear data of railway train wheel tread, realizes the online of train wheel defect
Dynamic measures, and substantially increases measurement efficiency.The movement of movable plate is led by the setting of sliding track mechanism in the present embodiment
To relative to existing parallelogram measuring mechanism, the structural stability and measurement accuracy of measuring device have obtained effectively mentioning
It is high.
Specifically, abraded if this wheel tread is not present, it is constant with respect to the upright position of rail in entire tyre tread perimeter,
The measured value of corresponding displacement sensor 1002 is relatively also constant；If otherwise this wheel tread there is scratch or abrasion is uneven, steps on
Relative altitude at the top of face to wheel rim is changed, then opposite variation also has occurred in the upright position of movable plate and rail, this
When displacement sensor 1002 measured value variable quantity be scratch amount size.Simultaneously by its measured value and new car without abrasion
Wheel compares, the abrasion loss of you can get it wheel tread.
But when wheel presses upper mobile board from one side, movable plate can be because tilting, to influence measurement knot caused by unilateral stress
Fruit, the present embodiment pass through the setting of movable plate balance mechanism, so as to effectively prevent movable plate after pressure wheel upper mobile board to send out
Raw inclination, the activity plate surface of advantageously ensuring that remains in a level, and then advantageously ensures that detection accuracy.
Embodiment 2
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 1, area
Do not essentially consist in: as shown in Fig. 8, Figure 10, the movable plate balance mechanism of the present embodiment includes sliding block fixed plate 1403 and swing rod
1404, wherein one end of swing rod 1404 is rotatedly connected with movable plate, and the other end is rotatedly connected with sliding block fixed plate 1403, sliding block
Parallelogram mechanism is collectively formed in fixed plate 1403, movable plate and swing rod 1404.Specifically, the both ends of the swing rod 1404 are equal
Bearing is installed, is rotatedly connected by bearing pin with movable plate and sliding block fixed plate 1403, and sliding block fixed plate 1403 passes through
Sliding track mechanism is slidably mounted on bottom plate 5, which is fixed in the bottom of track 1.Above-mentioned sliding track mechanism includes fixed peace
Loaded on the third guide rail 1401 on bottom plate 5 and the third sliding block for being fixedly installed in 1403 bottom of sliding block fixed plate and cooperating with guide rail
1402。
After pressure wheel upper mobile board, movable plate is moved down, and swing rod 1404 pushes sliding block fixed plate to lower swing at this time
1403 are horizontally moved along third guide rail 1401.The both ends of movable plate pass through swing rod 1404 respectively in the present embodiment and sliding block is solid
Fixed board 1403 is connected, and the length of swing rod is consistent, and the bearing spacing on two swing rods is consistent, to collectively constitute parallelogram pendulum
Rod structure, when movable plate moves up and down, the height of the quadrangle can change, but can guarantee that movable plate is always horizontal
State, to prevent movable plate from tilting the influence to testing result.
Embodiment 3
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 2, area
It does not essentially consist in: further including the lift drive mechanism 9 for adjusting movable plate height.
Because in actual use, the wheel rim height of all wheels on a train has a difference, and movable plate can be higher by when measurement
The certain value of wheel rim is as precompressed amount, which cannot be too big, and otherwise wheel meeting hard impacts movable plate, is caused
The damage of movable plate and reduce measurement accuracy；The precompressed amount equally can not be too small, and not so wheel rim can be pressed less than movable plate,
It causes to can't detect data.The elemental height of movable plate can be carried out in the present embodiment by the setting of lift drive mechanism 9
It adjusts, to meet the measurement request of the different high wheels of wheel rim, reduces wheel and biggish impact is caused to movable plate, and guarantee to survey
Accuracy of measurement.
Embodiment 4
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 3, area
Do not essentially consist in: as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 4 and Fig. 9, the lift drive mechanism 9 of the present embodiment includes motor 901, lead screw 906, lead screw
Nut 903 and feed screw nut seat 904, wherein motor 901 is fixedly installed in fixed plate 4 by motor mount 902, motor
901 output shaft is fixedly linked by shaft coupling and 906 one end of lead screw, 906 other end of lead screw and 903 screw thread phase of feed screw nut
Even, and feed screw nut 903 passes through feed screw nut seat 904 and (is machined with the C-shaped passed through for feed screw nut 903 on feed screw nut seat 904
Hole), and the head of feed screw nut 903 is pressed in the upper surface of feed screw nut seat 904, the feed screw nut seat 904 and movable plate are solid
It is fixed to be connected.
One side of feed screw nut 903 and the side of movable plate abut, when motor 901 is rotated down, 906 He of lead screw
Rotation is generated between feed screw nut 903, feed screw nut 903 is moved downward along lead screw central axes, due to the head of feed screw nut 903
It is pressed on feed screw nut seat 904, therefore can be moved downwardly together with feed screw nut seat 904 and movable plate, is i.e. realization movable plate
The downward of height.When motor 901 rotates upwards, movable plate moves upwards under the elastic-restoring force effect of elastic mechanism, to
During upper movement, the head of feed screw nut 903 is also pressing against always the upper surface of feed screw nut seat 904, ascending motion until
Reaching upper limit terminates.
Motor mount 902 is processed as L-shaped structure in the present embodiment, is wherein machined on the bottom plate of motor mount 902
The step cutting pattern hole matched with motor, motor shaft pass through the mounting hole and are fixedly linked with bottom plate, and motor mount 902 hangs down
Straight panel is fixedly installed in fixed plate 4.903 top of feed screw nut is also fixedly installed with sensor installation seat 905, and displacement passes
Sensor 1002 is installed on sensor installation seat 905, and the correspondence of tablet 1001 is fixedly installed on feed screw nut seat 904.When logical
When crossing the control movable plate up and down motion of motor 901, since the head of feed screw nut 903 is not upper with feed screw nut seat 904 always
Surface separation, therefore there is no relative displacement between displacement sensor 1002 and tablet 1001.It should be noted that pressure wheel exists
When on movable plate, 901 akinesia of motor, otherwise movable plate moves up and down the measurement that will affect displacement sensor.In addition, this reality
It applies and is further fixed on lead screw support base 907 in example on the vertical panel of motor mount 902 (lead screw support base 907 is straight in the present embodiment
Connect using BK12 standard components), lead screw 906 passes through lead screw support base 907 and is connected with motor shaft, passes through lead screw support base 907
Lead screw 906 is supported.
Embodiment 5
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 4, area
Do not essentially consist in: as described in Fig. 5, Figure 11, sensor installation seat 905 is fixed with second close to the side of movable plate in the present embodiment
Sliding block 908 is fixed with the second guide rail 909 with the cooperation of the second sliding block 908, and the installation direction of the second guide rail 909 on movable plate
The installation direction of sliding track mechanism is parallel between movable plate, fixed plate 4.
One side of feed screw nut 903 is tightly bonded with the side of movable plate, when motor 901 drives lead screw rotation,
Not with rotating together the up and down displacements along lead screw central axes direction only occur for feed screw nut 903.But due to processing and
The error of assembly is difficult to accomplish that the side of feed screw nut is fitted closely with movable plate, but there are certain gaps, although gap
Very little, but when lead screw rotates, or by feed screw nut seat 904 shock when, feed screw nut 903 can in limited gap
Rotation, to cause data acquisition inaccuracy.For this problem, the present embodiment passes through in the close activity of sensor installation seat 905
The side of plate is fixed with the second sliding block 908, the second guide rail 909 of setting and the cooperation of the second sliding block on movable plate, so as to have
Effect eliminates the gap between feed screw nut 903 and movable plate.When servo motor 901 is gone up and down, the second sliding block 908 and the second guide rail
There is no relative motion between 909.When pressure wheel upper mobile board, when movable plate moves downward, sensor installation seat 905 is kept not
Dynamic, the second guide rail 909 moves downwardly together with movable plate.
Using the on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, measurement method includes following procedure:
(1) movable plate lifting process: high according to the wheel rim of train wheel to be detected, control motor 901 is gone up and down, and makes movable plate
It is elevated to designated position, which can only push movable plate specified displacement, i.e., according to different wheel wheel rim
Height adjusts movable plate and is in different height, to guarantee that movable plate volume under pressure under the rolling effect of train wheel is identical, to subtract
Small impact force of the wheel to movable plate.When device closing stops working, movable plate drops to designated position, no matter the position
The wheel rim height of the wheel of process is how many, and wheel rim cannot be pressed onto movable plate.
(2) wheel detection process: when movable plate is elevated to designated position, displacement sensor 1002 and tablet 1001 it
Between without relative displacement, motor 901 stops lifting at this time.When wheel 7 presses upper mobile board, movable plate is depressed by wheel rim,
The displacement along slide direction obliquely is generated, during movable plate decline, feed screw nut 903 is remained stationary, but lead screw spiral shell
Base 904 can move downwardly together with movable plate, at this moment, just produce between displacement sensor 1002 and displacement tablet 1001
Relative displacement can acquire the displacement that movable plate is depressed by wheel rim when wheel passes through by conversion.It is living when wheel leaves
Movable plate is restored to position specified when motor 901 is gone up and down under the action of elastic mechanism.
Embodiment 6
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 5, area
It does not essentially consist in: being equipped at least two sliding track mechanisms being parallel to each other, and sliding track mechanism phase between the movable plate and fixed plate 4
Movable plate and fixed plate 4 are obliquely installed, to be conducive to improve the structural soundness of whole device, and wheel is effectively reduced
To the percussion of measuring device.Sliding track mechanism there are two setting in the present embodiment, is located at the both ends of movable plate.Specifically,
The sliding track mechanism of the present embodiment includes the first sliding block 801 and the first guide rail 802, and the first sliding block 801 and the first guide rail 802 are right respectively
It should be installed on movable plate and fixed plate 4, wherein fixed plate 4 is equipped with guide rail mounting base 803, and the first guide rail 802 is fixedly mounted
In in guide rail mounting base 803.
For the ease of the installation of the first guide rail 802, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7,803 top of guide rail mounting base in the present embodiment
Guide rail mounting surface 8031 is processed as the shape step structure side L and opens wide, and correspondence is machined with guide rail mounting hole on guide rail mounting surface 8031
8032.Meanwhile the side of guide rail mounting base 803 also passes through bolt and is equipped with pressing plate 804 in the present embodiment, which is equipped with
Two claws 8041, one of claw 8041 compress the side of guide rail mounting base 803, another claw 8041 compresses first and leads
The side of rail 802, to play the role of being fixedly secured sliding rail.
Embodiment 7
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 5, area
Do not essentially consist in: the elastic mechanism includes elastic element 6, the both ends of elastic element 6 be fixedly installed in respectively movable plate and
In fixed plate 4, and the installation direction of elastic element 6 is parallel with sliding track mechanism.
Specifically, the elastic element 6 of the present embodiment uses tension spring, it is fixed that first is respectively equipped in fixed plate 4 and movable plate
Pin 601 and the second fixed pin 602, the both ends of tension spring are fixedly linked with the first fixed pin 601, the second fixed pin 602 respectively, and the
The height of one fixed pin 601 be higher than the second fixed pin 602 (when movable plate is in upper limit position, the distance between two fixed pins
It is still greater than the original length of tension spring, i.e. tension spring is in stretcher strain state always).Specifically, the both ends of the tension spring are equipped with
It is machined with hook slot corresponding with spring on spring, the first fixed pin 601 and the second fixed pin 602, tension spring both ends
Spring is hooked respectively in the trough of spring hook being installed on the first fixed pin 601 and the second fixed pin 602.
Embodiment 8
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 7, area
Do not essentially consist in: the elastic element 6 of the present embodiment uses pressure spring structure, respectively corresponds on the fixed plate and movable plate equipped with bullet
Spring mounting base 604 and spring bearer plate 603 (height that the height of spring mounting seat 604 is consistently lower than spring bearer plate 603), elasticity member
Part 6 is installed in spring mounting seat and is suppressed by spring bearer plate 603.Specifically, as shown in Figure 14, Figure 15, this implementation
The spring mounting seat 604 of example is identical with the structure of spring bearer plate 603, is machined with spring eye corresponding with pressure spring, bullet thereon
The bottom of spring is mounted in spring mounting seat, and head is sunk in the spring eye on spring bearer plate.
When elastic element 6 is using extension spring structure, even if movable plate is in upper limit position, the distance between two spring catch
Also be greater than spring initial length, so spring, which is once installed in equipment, is just constantly subjected to pulling force, spring be chronically at by
Tension state can reduce the service life of spring.Therefore the present embodiment replaces tension spring using pressure spring, so as to improve the use longevity of spring
Life, the type of pressure spring have very much, are specifically including but not limited to wire spring and gas spring.
Spring catch is changed to spring mounting seat and spring bearer plate, spring mounting seat is mounted on the lower part of fixed plate, spring pressure
Plate is mounted on the top of sliding panel, and spring is mounted in spring mounting seat, spring bearer plate pressing spring, when sliding panel moves downward
When, the distance between spring bearer plate and spring mounting seat are reducing, and spring is compressed.
Embodiment 9
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 7, area
Do not essentially consist in: the movable plate of the present embodiment includes pedal 2 and sliding panel 3, and pedal 2 is fixedly installed on sliding panel 3 (pedal 2
Pedal top surface is contacted with train wheel wheel rim always on the inside of track and when wheel presses through pedal), and sliding track mechanism and elasticity
Mechanism is mounted between sliding panel 3 and fixed plate 4.The company of being bolted between pedal 2 and sliding panel 3 in the present embodiment
It connects, i.e., only needs to change pedal 2 when movable plate being designed as split type connection structure, therefore replaced.
Embodiment 10
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 9, area
Do not essentially consist in: pedal 2 and sliding panel 3 are all made of segmented connection structure in the present embodiment, wherein leading between adjacent sliding panel 3
It crosses interlocking block to be connected, and the interlocking block between adjacent sliding panel 3 mutually overlaps and forms interlocking structure.Such as Fig. 4, Fig. 8 and Figure 12 institute
Show, the both ends of same sliding panel 3 are respectively equipped with the first interlocking block 12 and the second interlocking block 13, and first on the first interlocking block 12
The the second interlocking plane 1301 for interlocking plane 1201 and the second interlocking block 13 forms overlap joint interlocking structure.
As shown in figure 13, the pedal 2 of the present embodiment uses resilient pedal structure, specifically includes pedal 201 and lower pedal
202, and elastic cushion 203 is equipped between upper pedal 201 and lower pedal 202, which uses rubber elastomeric material.More
Optimization, the lower surface of upper pedal 201 is in the present embodimentThe upper surface of the notch of shape, lower pedal 202 isShape
Notch, the upper surface of the lower surface of upper pedal 201 and lower pedal 202 surroundsThe gap of shape, andShape
Gap quilt completelyThe elastic cushion 203 of shape is filled, thus the upper surface of the lower surface of upper pedal 201 and lower pedal 202
It is separated everywhere by elastic cushion 203, so that the vibration on upper pedal 201 is absorbed by elastic cushion 203 completely and can not directly be passed
It is delivered on lower pedal 202.
Embodiment 11
A kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection of the present embodiment, structure substantially with embodiment 10,
Difference essentially consists in: the two sides in the present embodiment insole board 5 positioned at track 1 are respectively equipped with briquetting 501 and pressing plate 502, briquetting 501
It is fixedly linked and is fixed in 1 one side bottom of track, formation and track between pressing plate 502 and bottom plate 5 by bolt and bottom plate 5
Bottom plate, is fixed in rail base by the matched seaming of 1 bottom side by the effect between pressing plate 502 and briquetting 501.This
Reinforcing rib 11 is equipped in embodiment between fixed plate 4 and bottom plate 5, reinforcing rib 11 is L-shaped, is bolted fixation by two respectively
Plate 4 and bottom plate 5；The through-hole that power supply machine 901 passes through is also provided on the bottom plate 5.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So if the common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection, it is characterised in that: on the inside of track (1) and flat including being installed on
Row is displaced sensing unit and movable plate balance mechanism, the activity in the movable plate of track (1), fixed plate (4) and movable plate
It is connected between plate and fixed plate (4) by sliding track mechanism and elastic mechanism, and the both ends of movable plate and movable plate balance mechanism turn
It is dynamic to be connected.
2. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Movable plate balance mechanism includes that sliding block fixed plate (1403) and swing rod (1404), wherein one end of swing rod (1404) and movable plate turn
Dynamic to be connected, the other end is rotatedly connected with sliding block fixed plate (1403), sliding block fixed plate (1403), movable plate and swing rod (1404)
Parallelogram mechanism is collectively formed.
3. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the pendulum
The both ends of bar (1404) are mounted on bearing, are rotatedly connected by bearing pin with movable plate and sliding block fixed plate (1403), and
Sliding block fixed plate (1403) is slidably mounted on bottom plate (5) by sliding track mechanism, which is fixed in track (1)
Bottom.
4. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the work
Movable plate is connected with lift drive mechanism (9), and the lift drive mechanism (9) is for being adjusted the height of movable plate.
5. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the liter
Drop driving mechanism (9) includes motor (901), lead screw (906), feed screw nut (903) and feed screw nut seat (904), wherein motor
(901) output shaft is fixedly linked with lead screw (906) one end, and lead screw (906) other end passes through feed screw nut (903) and and lead screw
Nut (903) screw thread is connected, and feed screw nut (903) passes through feed screw nut seat (904), and feed screw nut seat (904) and movable plate
It is fixedly linked.
6. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the electricity
Machine (901) is fixedly installed on fixed plate (4) by motor mount (902), is fixedly mounted above the feed screw nut (903)
Have sensor installation seat (905), displacement sensor (1002) is installed on sensor installation seat (905), and tablet (1001) is right
It should be installed on feed screw nut seat (904).
7. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the biography
Sensor mounting base (905) is fixed with the second sliding block (908) close to the side of movable plate, is fixed on movable plate and is matched with the second sliding block
Close the second guide rail (909), and between the installation direction of the second guide rail and movable plate, fixed plate (4) sliding track mechanism installation side
To parallel.
8. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection, feature described in any one of -7 according to claim 1
Be: between the movable plate and fixed plate (4) be equipped at least two sliding track mechanisms being parallel to each other, and sliding track mechanism relative to
Movable plate and fixed plate (4) are obliquely installed；The elastic mechanism includes elastic element (6), the both ends difference of elastic element (6)
It is fixedly installed on movable plate and fixed plate (4), and the installation direction of elastic element (6) is parallel with sliding track mechanism.
9. a kind of device for railway train wheel tread defects detection, feature described in any one of -7 according to claim 1
Be: the movable plate includes pedal (2) and sliding panel (3), and pedal (2) is fixedly installed on sliding panel (3)；The pedal
(2) it is all made of segmented connection structure with sliding panel (3), wherein being connected between adjacent sliding panel (3) by interlocking block, and adjacent
Interlocking block between sliding panel (3), which mutually overlaps, forms interlocking structure；The pedal (2) preferably comprises pedal (201)
With lower pedal (202), and between upper pedal (201) and lower pedal (202) be equipped with elastic cushion (203).
10. a kind of method for railway train wheel tread defects detection, it is characterised in that: using any one of claim 1-9
The device, process are as follows:
Step 1: movable plate height adjustment: high according to the wheel rim of train wheel to be detected, control motor (901) lifting makes activity
Plate is elevated to designated position, and motor (901) stops working at this time；
Step 2: wheel detection process: when wheel (7) press upper mobile board, movable plate is depressed by wheel (7) wheel rim, generates edge
The displacement of slide direction obliquely, during movable plate decline, feed screw nut (903) is remained stationary, feed screw nut seat
(904) it is moved downwardly together with movable plate, displacement sensor (1002) generates phase relative to displacement tablet (1001) at this time
To displacement, the displacement that movable plate is depressed by wheel rim when wheel passes through is acquired by conversion；By to entire wheel tread
The collected data of perimeter intrinsic displacement sensor (1002) institute are handled, and railway train wheel tread circular runout can be obtained, step on
Face scratch and abrasion condition；
Step 3: movable plate is restored to specified when motor (901) lifting under the action of elastic mechanism when wheel (7) leaves
Position；Motor (901) continues to start work at this time, and driving movable plate drops to designated position, no matter the vehicle that the position is passed through
The wheel rim height of wheel is how many, and wheel rim cannot be pressed onto movable plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811502025.6A CN109443289B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Device and method for detecting tread defects of train wheels |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811502025.6A CN109443289B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Device and method for detecting tread defects of train wheels |
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| CN109443289B CN109443289B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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| CN110803190A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-18 | 安徽富煌钢构股份有限公司 | Dynamic detection system and equipment thereof under high-speed running state of train |
| WO2022116457A1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Railway vehicle, and control method and system for tread profile of railway vehicle |
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|---|---|
| CN109443289B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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