CN213040561U - Distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator Download PDF

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CN213040561U
CN213040561U CN202021149401.0U CN202021149401U CN213040561U CN 213040561 U CN213040561 U CN 213040561U CN 202021149401 U CN202021149401 U CN 202021149401U CN 213040561 U CN213040561 U CN 213040561U
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combustion chamber
furnace
incinerator
combustion
oxygen
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龙於洋
李文祥
谭昊
孙佛芹
陈晨
沈东升
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Zhejiang Gongshang University
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Zhejiang Gongshang University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator, which comprises an incinerator body and furnace legs, wherein the incinerator body comprises a coverless shell, a heat preservation layer and a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is positioned inside the coverless shell, a heat preservation layer is formed in a gap between the combustion chamber and the coverless shell, and heat preservation materials are filled in the heat preservation layer; the top of the combustion chamber is covered with a furnace cover, the upper part of the combustion chamber is respectively provided with a feed inlet and a smoke outlet, the bottom of the combustion chamber is provided with a fire grate, the fire grate is externally connected with a combustion engine through a heating pipeline, the fire grate is fixed above the bottom of the combustion chamber through a support, a ventilation pipe is arranged below the fire grate, and the ventilation pipe is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes for providing oxygen for the combustion of the fire grate; the bottom of the fire grate is connected with an ash collecting chamber, and the ash collecting chamber is provided with a slag discharging port. The incinerator has the advantages of low construction and operation cost, easy operation, simple structure, realization of sufficient combustion of garbage, and effective solution of the technical problems of incomplete combustion of garbage, unstable combustion working conditions and waste of heat resources in the conventional small-sized incinerator.

Description

Distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the msw incineration field, concretely relates to distributed accuse oxygen waste incinerator.
Background
With the development of society and the continuous improvement of economic level, the quantity of domestic garbage generated in villages and towns is also rapidly increased. At present, most of the garbage disposal modes in village and town areas are mainly the traditional garbage landfill disposal modes. A large amount of garbage is accumulated in a garbage landfill, land resources are occupied, percolate can bring serious harm to underground water and soil, and substances and energy accumulated in the landfill cannot be utilized, so that resource waste is caused. Therefore, the incineration of garbage gradually replaces the conventional landfill disposal method, and becomes a mainstream garbage disposal method. Particularly, for remote village and town areas with inconvenient traffic, small population scale, difficult garbage dispersion and centralized treatment and the like, the method for incinerating the garbage in the villages and the towns by adopting the dispersed small-sized garbage oxygen-controlled incinerator is an effective treatment method.
The reduction and the harmlessness of the garbage can be realized by the garbage incineration, and the garbage incinerator is mostly applied to put the garbage on a fire grate for incineration. Due to the influence of complicated village and town garbage, high water content, low heat value and the like, the garbage incinerated on the grate can be instantly covered by the newly thrown garbage, and even the garbage incinerated can be put out. Leads to unstable operation of the burning working condition in the furnace, insufficient oxygen burning and low temperature, and can generate toxic and harmful gases such as black smoke, dioxin and the like. The temperature in the furnace is increased by adding auxiliary fuel, which increases the cost. Meanwhile, the components in the garbage are complex, and the combustible garbage with various components has different properties, so that the garbage can generate phenomena of sintering, fusion blocks and the like in the incineration process and adhere to the fire bars, the ash leakage and ventilation effects are influenced, and the combustion efficiency is low. Resulting in incomplete combustion of combustible materials, more combustible materials in the discharged smoke, high concentration and serious environmental pollution. And the fire grate is easy to damage for a long time, which affects the service life. After the traditional garbage incinerator is closed, the temperature in the incinerator can be rapidly reduced, and a large amount of auxiliary fuel is needed to reach the incineration condition when the traditional garbage incinerator is restarted. In the process of increasing the furnace temperature, toxic and harmful substances such as black smoke, dioxin and the like can be generated, so that the harmless treatment of the garbage is not facilitated, and the operation cost is increased.
Patent CN 207962654U provides an efficient waste incinerator of msw incineration, sets up reducing mechanism and smashes rubbish, burns burning furnace main part rubbish through the incinerator, and the refuse residue falls into the collecting box through the fretwork otter board, and the flue gas is sent out through the pipe of discharging fume, and it is great to have successfully solved rubbish volume in traditional msw incineration, and the burning time is of a specified duration, burns the inefficiency scheduling problem. However, the utility model discloses a device is only broken through the preliminary treatment to rubbish feed arrangement, reduces the rubbish volume, improves incineration efficiency, does not embody that rubbish is not enough in oxygen content when burning the process, rubbish is piled up one side in burning furnace main part and rubbish lime-ash part is piled up on the fretwork otter board and is leaded to rubbish to insufficiently burn. Patent CN 109990300A provides an incinerator, this incinerator is in order to be equipped with the push pedal and the oxygen suppliment passageway that are used for driving first flitch that connects, make rubbish when weight loss after the burning, the first flitch that connects of push pedal drive will cover under the vibrations production ashes shake on rubbish surface, prevent that ashes cover and continue burning in the influence of the rubbish surface that does not burn to the greatest extent, the insufficient problem of burning that causes, can tremble rubbish to each position when first connecing the flitch vibrations, prevent that rubbish from piling up in a certain department, promote rubbish and flame contact area and oxygen content, make its fast combustion, improve the effect of burning to rubbish. The utility model discloses a device construction structure is complicated, and the operating cycle is long, need wait for rubbish burn in burning to certain weight after the drive first connect the flitch vibrations shake off ashes after throw rubbish and be unfavorable for the waste incineration operation stable, appear in the incinerator that the part damages and lead to the drive failure, maintain comparatively complicacy. Therefore, large-scale production and wide use in villages and small towns are not facilitated. Patent CN 108870398A has developed a small-size domestic waste incinerator, and this incinerator operation rubbish is piled up and is bonded for domatic charcoal grain after being baked into charcoal by high temperature flame at the combustion chamber top, drops to the combustion chamber through violent burning and burns, makes the interior temperature of stove reach more than 850 ℃, and rubbish obtains fully burning and poisonous harmful gas in the flue gas is effectively cracked, effectively solves the shortcoming that the small town domestic waste equipment of handling capacity and running cost are high. But the device needs operating personnel to often observe the rubbish pile up the height and in time supply rubbish volume when moving, then needs special tool to set the rubbish flat and burn. Meanwhile, the combustion temperature cannot be higher than 950 ℃, otherwise, the ash agglomeration and blockage can be caused to cause faults due to overhigh temperature, the waste incineration efficiency is further influenced, and the operation condition is complex and is difficult to operate.
Therefore, the large-scale incinerator has stable operation and mature and reliable treatment process, but has high construction cost, high operation cost, strict management specification and operation requirement, and is not suitable for waste incineration in villages and towns. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a small decentralized garbage incinerator for villages and small towns, which has low construction cost and operation cost, convenient maintenance and low operation and management requirements.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the shortcomings of uneven oxygen distribution, insufficient combustion and frequent ignition of the used auxiliary fuel in the existing garbage incinerator, and provide a distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator, which realizes the distributed small-sized garbage oxygen-controlled incinerator in villages and towns with low construction and operation cost, easy operation, simple structure and sufficient combustion.
The utility model discloses the concrete technical scheme who adopts as follows:
a distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator comprises an incinerator body and furnace legs, wherein the furnace legs are fixedly connected with the bottom of the incinerator body and used for supporting the incinerator body;
the furnace body comprises a coverless shell, a heat insulation layer and a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is positioned inside the coverless shell, the top of the combustion chamber is flush with the top of the coverless shell, and the bottom of the combustion chamber is attached and connected with the bottom of the coverless shell; a heat insulation layer is formed in a gap between the combustion chamber and the uncovered shell, the top of the heat insulation layer is closed, and heat insulation materials are filled in the heat insulation layer;
the top of the combustion chamber is covered with a furnace cover, and the contact part of the furnace cover and the combustion chamber has air tightness; a feed inlet and a smoke outlet are respectively formed in the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the feed inlet and the smoke outlet are respectively externally connected with a feed pipe and a smoke exhaust pipe which penetrate through the heat insulation layer and the uncovered shell; the bottom of the combustion chamber is provided with a grate, the grate is externally connected with a combustion machine through a heating pipeline, the grate is fixed above the bottom of the combustion chamber through a support, a ventilation pipe is arranged below the grate, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the ventilation pipe and used for providing oxygen for combustion of the grate; the bottom of the fire grate is connected with an ash collecting chamber, and the ash collecting chamber is provided with a slag discharging port.
Preferably, the furnace foot has a plurality of furnace feet, and the furnace feet are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and used for keeping the furnace body stable.
Preferably, the heat-insulating material filled in the heat-insulating layer sequentially comprises a clay combined refractory castable layer and an aluminum silicate heat-insulating cotton layer from inside to outside; the uncovered shell is made of steel materials.
Preferably, a handle is arranged on the furnace cover and used for lifting the furnace cover; the furnace cover is made of fireproof heat-insulating materials, and the furnace cover and the combustion chamber are connected in a sealing mode through a fireproof rope.
Preferably, the fire grate comprises annular fire bars and a supporting beam, the annular fire bars are coaxially sleeved, the height difference exists between every two adjacent annular fire bars, and all the annular fire bars jointly form a conical hollow structure; the supporting beam is positioned on the inner side of the conical hollow structure and fixedly connects the annular furnace bars.
Furthermore, the included angle between the generatrix of the conical hollow structure and the horizontal direction of the bottom surface is 30-45 degrees, and the distance between adjacent annular furnace bars is 20-40 mm.
Furthermore, the fire bars and the supporting beams are made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel materials, and the fire bars and the supporting beams are connected in a welding mode.
Preferably, the length of the feeding pipe is consistent with the thickness of the heat preservation layer, one end of the feeding pipe is connected with the feeding hole, and the other end of the feeding pipe is provided with the door type cover plate.
Preferably, the number of the ventilation pipes is multiple, the ventilation pipes are of a cross structure, and a plurality of ventilation holes are uniformly formed in the ventilation pipes; the ventilation pipe is externally connected with a blower through an air supply pipe, and an air flow regulating valve is arranged on the air supply pipe.
Preferably, the ash collecting chamber is of a cylindrical structure with the bottom gradually reduced, the side wall of the bottom is provided with the slag discharge port, and the slag discharge port is provided with a door type cover plate.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, following beneficial effect has:
1) the utility model is provided with the conical fire grate for supporting the garbage thrown into the furnace in the furnace body, thereby leading the thrown garbage not to press out the flame on the fire grate in the burning process and ensuring the stable burning of the garbage in the furnace; meanwhile, the furnace body has higher temperature, can ensure that the garbage is fully combusted, improve the thermal ignition loss rate and effectively prevent the generation of toxic gas and black smoke;
2) in the conical grate arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, the gap between the annular furnace bars is 20-40 mm, so the grate has larger surface area, and better oxygen supply and ash discharge can be realized when the garbage is incinerated by matching with the ventilation function of the ventilation pipe;
3) the utility model is provided with a plurality of ventilation pipes below the fire grate, the ventilation pipes adopt a cross structure, and can ventilate different positions of the fire grate, so that oxygen on the fire grate is uniformly distributed;
4) the furnace cover at the top of the furnace body of the utility model is detachably arranged, and the fire grate can be periodically replaced and maintained as required;
5) the utility model is provided with the heat preservation layer in the furnace body, when the incinerator stops working, the incinerator still has good heat preservation effect, when the incinerator operates again, the use amount of the auxiliary fuel can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost;
6) the device of the utility model is simple in structure, convenient in operation and area are little, are fit for extensively promoting and using in villages and small towns area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the grate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the vent of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-furnace body, 2-smoke outlet, 3-feed inlet, 4-fire grate, 5-ash collecting chamber, 6-furnace foot, 7-heat insulating layer, 8-burner, 9-furnace cover, 10-support, 11-ventilation pipe, 12-fire-resistant rope, 13-combustion chamber and 14-uncovered shell.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The utility model discloses in the technical characteristics of each embodiment under the prerequisite that does not conflict each other, all can carry out corresponding combination.
As shown in fig. 1, the distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator comprises an incinerator body 1 and a plurality of furnace legs 6, wherein the furnace legs 6 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the incinerator body 1, and the plurality of furnace legs 6 are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the incinerator body 1 and used for keeping the incinerator body 1 stable and supporting the incinerator body 1.
The furnace body 1 comprises a uncovered shell 14, an insulating layer 7 and a combustion chamber 13, wherein the combustion chamber 13 is positioned inside the uncovered shell 14, the top of the combustion chamber is flush with the top of the uncovered shell 14, and the bottom of the combustion chamber is attached to the bottom of the uncovered shell 14. An annular gap between the combustion chamber 13 and the uncovered shell 14 forms an insulating layer 7, the top of the insulating layer 7 is closed, and the insulating layer 7 is filled with insulating materials. The heat insulation material filled in the heat insulation layer 7 is a clay combined refractory castable layer and an aluminum silicate heat insulation cotton layer or other materials capable of achieving the heat insulation effect from inside to outside in sequence. The uncovered shell 14 can be made of steel to reduce heat loss and increase heat preservation effect.
The top cover of combustion chamber 13 is equipped with bell 9, and bell 9 adopts fire prevention insulation material, still is equipped with the handle on the bell 9, can be used for promoting bell 9. The bell 9 is detachably mounted on the top of the combustion chamber 13, so that the combustion chamber 13 and the fire grate 4 can be conveniently maintained, meanwhile, in order to ensure the sealing performance of the combustion chamber 13 and reduce heat loss, the contact part of the bell 9 and the combustion chamber 13 is sealed and fixed by adopting a fire-resistant rope 12 and a flange, and a sealing ring is further arranged on the flange.
Feed inlet 3 and exhaust port 2 are seted up respectively on 13 upper portions of combustion chamber, and the external inlet pipe that runs through heat preservation 7 and uncovered casing 14 of feed inlet 3, and the length of inlet pipe is unanimous with heat preservation 7 thickness, and feed inlet 3 is connected to the one end of inlet pipe, and the other end is equipped with the gate-type apron, and this gate-type apron can be through opening and whether feeding with closed state control, simultaneously, also can observe the situation of burning in the stove through the gate-type apron. The smoke outlet 2 is externally connected with a smoke exhaust pipe which penetrates through the heat insulation layer 7 and the uncovered shell 14 and is used for exhausting smoke generated in the incinerator, and the exhausted smoke can firstly enter a smoke purification system for treatment and then be exhausted into the air, so that the concentration of toxic and harmful gases is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, a fire grate 4 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber 13, the fire grate 4 is connected with a heating pipeline, and is connected with a burner 8 positioned outside the incinerator through the heating pipeline, and the burner 8 takes diesel oil as fuel. The fire grate 4 comprises annular fire bars and a supporting beam, a plurality of annular fire bars are coaxially sleeved, the height difference exists between every two adjacent annular fire bars, and all the annular fire bars jointly form a conical hollow structure. The supporting beams are arranged on the inner side of the conical hollow structure and fixedly connect the annular furnace bars, the furnace bars and the supporting beams are made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel materials, and the furnace bars and the supporting beams are connected in a welding mode. The included angle between the generatrix of the conical hollow structure and the horizontal direction of the bottom surface is 30-45 degrees, and the distance between the adjacent annular furnace bars is equal and is 20-40 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the fire grate 4 is fixed above the bottom of the combustion chamber 13 through a support 10, a ventilation pipe 11 is arranged below the fire grate 4, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the ventilation pipe 11 and used for providing oxygen for combustion of the fire grate 4. The ventilation pipe 11 can be provided with a plurality of ventilation pipes 11, the ventilation pipe 11 is preferably in a cross-shaped structure, and a plurality of ventilation holes are uniformly formed in the ventilation pipe 11. The ventilation pipe 11 is communicated with an air supply pipe, and is connected with a blower positioned outside the incinerator through the air supply pipe, and the air supply pipe is also provided with a gas flow regulating valve which can regulate the air flow according to the requirement.
The bottom of grate 4 is connected with lime-ash and collects room 5, and lime-ash is collected room 5 and is the tubular structure that the bottom gradually diminishes, offers the row's cinder notch on the bottom lateral wall, is equipped with the gate-type apron on the cinder notch, through opening and the closed control of gate-type apron whether arrange the sediment.
When the incinerator is used, the temperature in the furnace body 1 is raised to 850 ℃ through the burner 8 and the blower, garbage is simply classified and then is put into the furnace body 1 through the feeding port 3 in a manual feeding mode, the input garbage falls on the fire grate 4, and meanwhile, the garbage is incinerated. Because the fire grate 4 is of a conical structure, garbage can roll down along the side wall of the conical fire grate, and fire on the fire grate 4 can not be directly pressed out, so that garbage accumulation is avoided. Meanwhile, the blower supplies air through the ventilation pipe 11 positioned below the fire grate 4, so that the garbage in the furnace is ensured to be stably and fully combusted, the heat ignition loss rate is improved, and a stable heat source in the furnace body is maintained. The incinerated flue gas is discharged to the flue gas purification device through the flue gas port 2.
Because villages and small towns rubbish has high moisture content, the moisture in the rubbish is dried through the washing from bottom to top of the flue gas in the furnace when put in, so that the rubbish is on fire on the grate 4 in time, and the material filled in the heat preservation layer 7 of the furnace body 1 stores heat and radiates the rubbish, thereby ensuring the combustion temperature and the flue gas residence time of the rubbish, fully burning and burning the rubbish on the grate 4, avoiding the rubbish from coking on the grate 4, avoiding the blockage of the grate 4, and being beneficial to oxygen supply and ash falling. The ash eventually falls from the grate 4 to the ash collection chamber 5 for discharge.
After the operation is stopped, the temperature in the furnace body 1 can still be kept in a higher temperature range for a long time due to the higher temperature and the good heat preservation effect in the furnace body 1. When the operation is restarted, the furnace drying time and the fuel consumption of the combustor 8 can be reduced, and simultaneously, the discharge of toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin, black smoke and the like generated by waste incineration in the temperature rising process is effectively prevented. The garbage incinerator of the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and small occupied area, and is suitable for wide popularization and application in villages and small towns.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator is characterized by comprising an incinerator body (1) and an incinerator foot (6), wherein the incinerator foot (6) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the incinerator body (1) and used for supporting the incinerator body (1);
the furnace body (1) comprises a uncovered shell (14), an insulating layer (7) and a combustion chamber (13), wherein the combustion chamber (13) is positioned inside the uncovered shell (14), the top of the combustion chamber is flush with the top of the uncovered shell (14), and the bottom of the combustion chamber is attached to and connected with the bottom of the uncovered shell (14); a heat-insulating layer (7) is formed in a gap between the combustion chamber (13) and the uncovered shell (14), the top of the heat-insulating layer (7) is closed, and heat-insulating materials are filled in the heat-insulating layer (7);
the top of the combustion chamber (13) is covered with a furnace cover (9), and the contact part of the furnace cover (9) and the combustion chamber (13) has air tightness; the upper part of the combustion chamber (13) is respectively provided with a feed inlet (3) and a smoke outlet (2), and the feed inlet (3) and the smoke outlet (2) are respectively externally connected with a feed pipe and a smoke exhaust pipe which penetrate through the heat insulation layer (7) and the uncovered shell (14); the combustion chamber is characterized in that a grate (4) is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber (13), the grate (4) is externally connected with a combustion machine (8) through a heating pipeline, the grate (4) is fixed above the bottom of the combustion chamber (13) through a support (10), a ventilation pipe (11) is arranged below the grate (4), and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the ventilation pipe (11) and used for providing oxygen for combustion of the grate (4); the bottom of the fire grate (4) is connected with an ash collecting chamber (5), and the ash collecting chamber (5) is provided with a slag discharging port.
2. The decentralized oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said furnace legs (6) are installed symmetrically at the bottom of said furnace body (1) for keeping the furnace body (1) stable.
3. The decentralized oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat insulating material filled in the heat insulating layer (7) is a clay combined refractory castable layer and an aluminum silicate heat insulating cotton layer in sequence from inside to outside; the uncovered shell (14) is made of steel materials.
4. The decentralized oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a handle is provided on the furnace cover (9) for lifting the furnace cover (9); the furnace cover (9) is made of fireproof heat-insulating materials, and the furnace cover (9) is connected with the combustion chamber (13) in a sealing way through a fireproof rope (12).
5. The decentralized oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said grate (4) comprises annular fire bars and supporting beams, several annular fire bars are coaxially sleeved and have height difference between adjacent annular fire bars, all annular fire bars together form a conical hollow structure; the supporting beam is positioned on the inner side of the conical hollow structure and fixedly connects the annular furnace bars.
6. The distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the included angle between the generatrix of the conical hollow structure and the horizontal direction of the bottom surface is 30-45 degrees, and the distance between adjacent annular furnace bars is 20-40 mm.
7. The decentralized oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the fire bars and the supporting beams are made of high temperature resistant stainless steel material, and the connection manner between the fire bars and the supporting beams is welding.
8. The decentralized oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the feeding pipe is consistent with the thickness of the insulating layer (7), one end of the feeding pipe is connected with the feeding port (3), and the other end is provided with a door type cover plate.
9. The distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of said ventilating pipes (11), said ventilating pipes (11) are cross-shaped and have a plurality of uniformly arranged ventilating holes; the ventilation pipe (11) is externally connected with a blower through an air supply pipe, and an air flow regulating valve is arranged on the air supply pipe.
10. The distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said ash collecting chamber (5) is a cylindrical structure with gradually reduced bottom, the bottom side wall is provided with said slag discharge port, and a door-type cover plate is arranged on the slag discharge port.
CN202021149401.0U 2020-06-19 2020-06-19 Distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator Active CN213040561U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202021149401.0U CN213040561U (en) 2020-06-19 2020-06-19 Distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202021149401.0U CN213040561U (en) 2020-06-19 2020-06-19 Distributed oxygen-controlled garbage incinerator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN213040561U true CN213040561U (en) 2021-04-23

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Country Link
CN (1) CN213040561U (en)

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