JP4589832B2

JP4589832B2 - Incinerator

Info

Publication number: JP4589832B2
Application number: JP2005190772A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 精治明木
Original assignee: 株式会社ニッショー機工
Priority date: 2005-06-29
Filing date: 2005-06-29
Publication date: 2010-12-01
Anticipated expiration: 2025-06-29
Also published as: JP2007010210A

Description

本発明は、都市ゴミ等の産業廃棄物やバイオマス燃料等を焼却する焼却装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an incinerator for incinerating industrial waste such as municipal waste and biomass fuel.

従来より、都市ゴミ等の産業廃棄物を焼却する焼却装置として、格子状の耐火物で構成された火格子を有する火格子燃焼装置を利用したものが、構造が簡単なため、広く用いられている。このような火格子燃焼装置は、（非特許文献１）に詳しく説明されている。
また、火格子燃焼装置を応用したものとして、本出願人が出願した（特許文献１）がある。
社団法人化学工学協会編、化学工学便覧（改訂三版）第１１３８頁、昭和４３年５月１０日発行特願２００３−４１６０８１ Conventionally, as an incinerator for incinerating industrial waste such as municipal waste, a device using a grate combustion device having a grate composed of lattice refractories has been widely used because of its simple structure. Yes. Such a grate combustion apparatus is described in detail in (Non-Patent Document 1).
In addition, as an application of the grate combustion apparatus, there is a patent application (Patent Document 1) filed by the present applicant.
Issued by the Chemical Engineering Association, Chemical Engineering Handbook (3rd revised edition), page 1138, May 10, 1968 Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-416081

（特許文献１）に記載された従来の焼却装置を、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図４は従来の焼却装置の要部断面図である。
図中、４０は焼却装置、４１は焼却装置４０の一次焼却室、４２は一次焼却室４１と連通した燃焼ガス流路、４３は燃焼ガス流路４２と連通した二次焼却室、４４は一次焼却室４１の上部に形成された焼却物を投入する投入口、４５は下部が上部より幅狭に形成され傾斜面を有する一次焼却室４１の周壁、４６は投入口４４から一次焼却室４１に投入された産業廃棄物等の焼却物、４７は一次焼却室４１，燃焼ガス流路４２及び二次焼却室４３の床に敷設された川砂や耐火粒子等の無機質粒子からなる粒子層、４８は一次焼却室４１の床に敷設された粒子層４７に埋設され多数の空気噴出孔が形成された空気供給部、４９は空気供給部４８に接続された送風機、５０は二次焼却室４３の床に敷設された粒子層４７に埋設され多数の空気噴出孔が形成された空気供給部、５１は空気供給部５０に接続された送風機、５２は一次焼却室４１の床の上部に形成され火種等を投げ込んだり火炎を吹き付けたりして一次焼却室４１に投入された焼却物４６に着火する着火口、５３は一次焼却室４１の周壁４５に配設され一次焼却室４１に側方から空気を供給する空気供給部、５４は二次焼却室４３の床の上部に配設されたバーナー、５５は二次焼却室４３の上部に下向きに配設され二次焼却室４３に空気を供給する空気供給部、５６は二次焼却室４３の側壁に形成され焼却装置４０で発生した排ガスや煤塵，廃熱等が排出される排出部である。 A conventional incinerator described in (Patent Document 1) will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional incinerator.
In the figure, 40 is an incinerator, 41 is a primary incinerator of the incinerator 40, 42 is a combustion gas passage communicating with the primary incinerator 41, 43 is a secondary incinerator communicating with the combustion gas passage 42, and 44 is a primary. An inlet for incineration formed at the upper part of the incineration chamber 41, 45 is a peripheral wall of the primary incineration chamber 41 having a lower part formed narrower than the upper part and having an inclined surface, and 46 enters the primary incineration chamber 41 from the inlet 44. Incinerated wastes such as industrial waste, 47 is a particle layer made of inorganic particles such as river sand and refractory particles laid on the floors of the primary incineration chamber 41, the combustion gas passage 42 and the secondary incineration chamber 43, 48 An air supply unit embedded in a particle layer 47 laid on the floor of the primary incineration chamber 41 and formed with a number of air ejection holes, 49 a blower connected to the air supply unit 48, and 50 a floor of the secondary incineration chamber 43 A large number of air ejection holes embedded in the particle layer 47 laid The formed air supply unit, 51 is a blower connected to the air supply unit 50, 52 is formed in the upper part of the floor of the primary incineration chamber 41 and thrown into the primary incineration chamber 41 by throwing fire types or blowing flames. An ignition port for igniting the incinerated material 46, 53 is an air supply unit disposed on the peripheral wall 45 of the primary incineration chamber 41 to supply air from the side to the primary incineration chamber 41, and 54 is an upper part of the floor of the secondary incineration chamber 43 The burner 55 is disposed on the upper side of the secondary incineration chamber 43 so as to supply air to the secondary incineration chamber 43. The incinerator 56 is formed on the side wall of the secondary incineration chamber 43. 40 is an exhaust section where exhaust gas, dust, waste heat, etc. generated in 40 are exhausted.

以上のように構成された焼却装置４０において、以下焼却物の焼却方法について説明する。
一次焼却室４１の投入口４４から都市ゴミや産業廃棄物等の焼却物４６を投入し、送風機４９，５１の運転を開始して空気供給部４８，５０に空気を供給し、粒子層４７を介して一次焼却室４１，燃焼ガス流路４２及び二次焼却室４３へ空気を供給する。さらに、空気供給部５５から空気を二次焼却室４３内に供給するとともに、バーナー５４を燃焼させて二次焼却室４３を加熱する。次に、着火口５２から火種等を用いて焼却物４６に着火して焼却物４６の焼却を開始する。焼却物４６は下部から焼却されて、焼却灰や未燃焼物等が粒子層４７の上に堆積していく。また、空気供給部５３から供給された空気によって、焼却灰の一部や排ガス，煤塵等が二次焼却室４３に運ばれ、バーナー５４によって焼却灰や煤塵が燃焼され、排ガスが排出部５６から排出される。 In the incineration apparatus 40 configured as described above, an incineration method for incineration will be described below.
The incinerated material 46 such as municipal waste and industrial waste is introduced from the inlet 44 of the primary incineration chamber 41, the air blowers 49 and 51 are started to supply air to the air supply units 48 and 50, and the particle layer 47 is formed. Air is supplied to the primary incineration chamber 41, the combustion gas passage 42, and the secondary incineration chamber 43 through the air. Further, air is supplied from the air supply unit 55 into the secondary incineration chamber 43, and the burner 54 is combusted to heat the secondary incineration chamber 43. Next, the incineration object 46 is ignited from the ignition port 52 using a fire type or the like, and incineration of the incineration object 46 is started. The incinerated material 46 is incinerated from below, and incinerated ash, unburned material, and the like accumulate on the particle layer 47. Also, a part of the incineration ash, exhaust gas, dust, etc. are carried to the secondary incineration chamber 43 by the air supplied from the air supply unit 53, the incineration ash and soot dust are burned by the burner 54, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the discharge unit 56. Discharged.

しかしながら上記従来の技術においては、以下のような課題を有していた。
（１）（特許文献１）に開示の技術は、一次焼却室４１の周壁４５が、下部が上部より幅狭に形成されて傾斜面を有しているので、一次焼却室４１内で焼却物４６が下部から焼却される際に、未燃焼物が周壁４５に付着し易くブリッジ状になり易いため、投入された焼却物４６を完全に燃焼できないことがあるという課題を有していた。特に、生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の、含水率が４０〜８０％程度もある高含水の焼却物は、ブリッジを形成し易いため焼却され難く未燃焼物が多量に発生することがわかった。
（２）火格子燃焼装置では、含水率の高い廃棄物やバイオマス燃料は、装置に投入する以前に含水率が３０％以下（発熱量１５００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ以上）になるように予め乾燥する必要があり、処理工程が煩雑になるという課題を有していた。
（３）二次焼却室４３に運ばれた焼却灰や煤塵は、バーナー５４で高温にするだけでは完全に燃焼することは困難で、塵埃等が排出部５６から大気中に排出されることがあるという課題を有していた。 However, the above conventional techniques have the following problems.
(1) In the technique disclosed in (Patent Document 1), the peripheral wall 45 of the primary incineration chamber 41 has an inclined surface with the lower part formed narrower than the upper part. When 46 is incinerated from the lower part, the unburned material easily adheres to the peripheral wall 45 and easily forms a bridge shape. In particular, incinerators with high water content, such as raw garbage, disposable diapers, livestock excreta such as chicken, and sludge, which have a moisture content of about 40 to 80%, are easy to form bridges and are not easily incinerated, resulting in a large amount of unburned products. I found out that
(2) In a grate combustion device, waste or biomass fuel with a high water content needs to be dried in advance so that the water content is 30% or less (calorific value 1500 kcal / kg or more) before being put into the device. The problem is that the processing steps become complicated.
(3) Incineration ash and soot carried to the secondary incineration chamber 43 cannot be completely combusted only by raising the temperature by the burner 54, and dust and the like may be discharged into the atmosphere from the discharge unit 56. Had the problem of being.

本発明は上記従来の課題を解決するもので、一次焼却室内で焼却物が下部から焼却される際に、未燃焼物が周壁に付着し難くブリッジ状になり難いため、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室に直接投入して着火するだけで粒子層側から焼却させ完全燃焼させることができるので、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物，バイオマス燃料等の種々の焼却物を焼却でき汎用性に優れた焼却装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and when incinerated materials are incinerated from the lower part in the primary incineration chamber, unburned materials are less likely to adhere to the peripheral wall and hardly form a bridge. Even incinerators with a water content of 40% or more, such as disposable diapers, chickens and other livestock manure, and sludge can be incinerated from the particle layer side and burned completely by simply putting them into the primary incinerator and igniting them. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an incinerator with excellent versatility that can incinerate various incinerators such as industrial waste and biomass fuel.

上記従来の課題を解決するために本発明の焼却装置は、以下の構成を有している。
本発明の請求項１に記載の焼却装置は、略鉛直又は上部が下部より幅狭に形成された周壁を有する一次焼却室と、前記一次焼却室と連通した二次焼却室と、前記一次焼却室の床に敷設された粒子層と、前記粒子層内に埋設された炉床ガス供給部と、前記炉床ガス供給部に接続された送風機と、前記一次焼却室の下部と前記二次焼却室とを連通し（ａ）前記二次焼却室に向かう上り勾配を有する傾斜面が一部若しくは全部に形成された燃焼ガス流路又は（ｂ）前記一次焼却室の下部が下位となる段差状に形成され一部が前記二次焼却室に向かう上り勾配に形成された傾斜面を有する燃焼ガス流路と、先端を前記一次焼却室の床の上部に向けて前記燃焼ガス流路の前記傾斜面に配設された着火加熱装置と、を備えた構成を有している。
この構成により、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）一次焼却室の周壁が略鉛直又は上部が下部より幅狭に形成されているので、一次焼却室内で焼却物が下部から焼却される際に、未燃焼物が周壁に付着し難くブリッジ状になり難いため、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室に直接投入して完全に燃焼できる。
（２）一次焼却室の床に粒子層が敷設されているとともに、粒子層に炉床ガス供給部が埋設されているので、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物，バイオマス燃料等の焼却物を投入して着火するだけで、炉床ガス供給部から燃焼用空気等が供給されて粒子層側から焼却され完全燃焼させることができる。
（３）炉床ガス供給部からの空気量や酸素濃度等で焼却物の焼却速度を調節することができ、自在性に優れる。
（４）一次焼却室の床に敷設された粒子層の全面から燃焼用空気等が供給されるので、火格子の欠点である吹き抜け現象もなく均一に燃焼が進むため、未燃焼残分のほとんどない焼却灰が得られる。
（５）燃焼ガス流路に上り勾配の傾斜面が形成されている又は燃焼ガス流路が一次焼却室の下部が下位となる段差状に形成され一部が二次焼却室に向かう上り勾配に形成された傾斜面を有しているので、一次焼却室に生成された焼却灰の二次焼却室への飛散を防止でき、焼却灰の回収効率に優れる。
（６）一次焼却室に投入された焼却物（燃料）が燃焼中に崩れるのを防止できるので、焼却物を粒子層側から完全に燃焼させることができる。
（７）一次焼却室の床の上部に向けて燃焼ガス流路の傾斜面に配設された着火加熱装置を備えているので、一次焼却室に投入された焼却物を粒子層側から着火し焼却することができる。
（８）粒子層の表面に焼却灰等の焼却残渣を置き、着火加熱装置によって焼却残渣の熔融温度以上に加熱することで、焼却残渣を上面側から熔融させて熔融スラグを生成することができる。
（９）熔融スラグの周囲の粒子層は、炉床ガス供給部からの空気量等を調整することで熔融の進行を抑制することができるので、粒子層の容器の中で熔融スラグを生成しているような状態にすることができ、熔融スラグの生成後は炉床ガス供給部からの空気で冷却しスラグを生成し排出することができる。このため、熔融スラグの流出樋等の排出手段や水冷パイプ等の冷却手段を別途設ける必要がなく装置構成を簡単にすることができる。
（１０）生成されたスラグは、粉砕・整粒して粒子層を構成する粒子としてリサイクルすることもでき省資源性に優れる。
（１１）燃焼用空気等が燃焼ガス流路の傾斜面に沿って斜め上向きに流動するため、一次焼却室に投入された焼却物の着火を容易に行うことができる。 In order to solve the above conventional problems, the incinerator of the present invention has the following configuration.
The incinerator according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a primary incineration chamber having a peripheral wall formed substantially vertically or narrower at the top than the lower portion, a secondary incineration chamber communicating with the primary incineration chamber, and the primary incineration A particle layer laid on the floor of the chamber, a hearth gas supply unit embedded in the particle layer, a blower connected to the hearth gas supply unit, a lower portion of the primary incineration chamber, and the secondary incineration (A) a combustion gas flow path in which an inclined surface having an ascending slope toward the secondary incineration chamber is formed in part or all, or (b) a stepped shape in which the lower portion of the primary incineration chamber is the lower level the inclination of the combustion gas flow path toward the combustion gas passage portion has an inclined surface formed on the upward slope toward the secondary incineration chamber is formed, a tip on top of the floor of the primary incineration chamber And an ignition heating device disposed on the surface .
With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the peripheral wall of the primary incineration chamber is substantially vertical or the upper part is narrower than the lower part, when the incinerated product is incinerated from the lower part in the primary incinerator, the unburned product is difficult to adhere to the peripheral wall. Therefore, even incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more, such as livestock manure, garbage, disposable diapers, chickens, etc., and sludge can be directly put into the primary incinerator and burned completely.
(2) Since the particle bed is laid on the floor of the primary incineration chamber and the hearth gas supply section is buried in the particle bed, incineration such as municipal waste, industrial waste, biomass fuel, etc. is introduced. By simply igniting, combustion air or the like is supplied from the hearth gas supply unit and incinerated from the particle layer side to be completely combusted.
(3) The incineration speed of the incinerated product can be adjusted by the amount of air from the hearth gas supply unit, the oxygen concentration, etc., and the flexibility is excellent.
(4) Since combustion air is supplied from the entire surface of the particle layer laid on the floor of the primary incinerator, the combustion proceeds uniformly without the blow-through phenomenon that is a defect of the grate, so that most of the unburned residue No incineration ash is obtained.
(5) An upwardly inclined surface is formed in the combustion gas flow path, or the combustion gas flow path is formed in a stepped shape in which the lower part of the primary incineration chamber is lower, and a part thereof is an upward inclination toward the secondary incineration chamber Since it has the formed inclined surface , scattering of the incineration ash produced | generated to the primary incineration chamber to the secondary incineration chamber can be prevented, and it is excellent in the recovery efficiency of incineration ash.
(6) Since the incinerated product (fuel) put into the primary incineration chamber can be prevented from collapsing during combustion, the incinerated product can be completely combusted from the particle layer side.
(7) Since it is equipped with an ignition heating device arranged on the inclined surface of the combustion gas flow path toward the upper part of the floor of the primary incineration chamber, the incinerated material put into the primary incineration chamber is ignited from the particle layer side. Can be incinerated.
(8) By placing an incineration residue such as incineration ash on the surface of the particle layer and heating it above the melting temperature of the incineration residue with an ignition heating device, the incineration residue can be melted from the upper surface side to generate a molten slag. .
(9) Since the particle layer around the molten slag can suppress the progress of melting by adjusting the amount of air from the hearth gas supply unit, etc., the molten slag is generated in the particle layer container. After the molten slag is generated, it can be cooled with air from the hearth gas supply unit to generate and discharge the slag. For this reason, it is not necessary to separately provide a discharging means such as a molten slag outflow soot and a cooling means such as a water-cooled pipe, and the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
(10) The generated slag can be recycled as particles constituting a particle layer by pulverization and sizing, and is excellent in resource saving.
(11) Since combustion air and the like flow obliquely upward along the inclined surface of the combustion gas flow path, it is possible to easily ignite the incinerated product put into the primary incineration chamber.

ここで、粒子層を構成する粒子としては、平均粒径が３〜５０ｍｍ好ましくは５〜２０ｍｍに整粒された砂利等の砕石類、軽石等の岩石類、焼却灰等の熔融スラグ，高炉スラグ等のスラグ，耐火煉瓦屑，耐火物粒子，コークス等の無機質粒子の１種若しくは複数種が用いられる。
粒子の平均粒径が５ｍｍより小さくなるにつれ粒子層を通気する際の圧力損失が大きく通気性が低下し、また通気の分散効果が小さく粒子層上での燃焼効率が低下する傾向がみられ、２０ｍｍより大きくなるにつれ断熱性が低下し熱損失が増加するとともに、粒子間の隙間に焼却灰等が入り込み易く通気性が経時的に低下する傾向がみられる。特に、３ｍｍより小さくなるか５０ｍｍより大きくなると、これらの傾向が著しいため好ましくない。 Here, as the particles constituting the particle layer, the average particle diameter is 3-50 mm, preferably crushed stones such as gravel, granulated rocks such as pumice, slag such as incineration ash, blast furnace slag, etc. One type or a plurality of types of inorganic particles such as slag such as slag, refractory brick waste, refractory particles, and coke are used.
As the average particle size of the particles becomes smaller than 5 mm, the pressure loss when aeration of the particle layer is large and the air permeability is lowered, and the dispersion effect of the aeration is small and the combustion efficiency on the particle layer tends to be reduced, As it becomes larger than 20 mm, the heat insulating property decreases and the heat loss increases, and incineration ash and the like tend to enter the gaps between the particles, and the air permeability tends to decrease with time. In particular, it is not preferable that the diameter is smaller than 3 mm or larger than 50 mm because these tendencies are remarkable.

炉床ガス供給部からのガスの平均流速としては、０．０２〜１ｍ／秒好ましくは０．１〜１ｍ／ｓが好適に用いられる。平均流速が０．１ｍ／秒より遅くなるにつれ粒子層の粒子が昇温され熔着され易くなるとともに、粒子層内に焼却灰等が入り込み易く通気性が経時的に低下する傾向がみられ、０．０２ｍ／秒より遅くなると、この傾向が著しくなるため好ましくない。１ｍ／秒より速くなるにつれ、粒子層の粒子の流動や飛散が著しくなるため好ましくない。
なお、炉床ガス供給部は、空気の他、酸素ガスや酸素濃度の高いガスも供給できるようにしておくのが好ましい。粒子層上での燃焼状態を自在に制御するためである。 As an average flow velocity of the gas from the hearth gas supply unit, 0.02 to 1 m / sec, preferably 0.1 to 1 m / s is suitably used. As the average flow rate becomes slower than 0.1 m / sec, the particles in the particle layer are heated and easily welded, and incineration ash and the like tend to enter the particle layer, and the air permeability tends to decrease with time. If the speed is slower than 0.02 m / second, this tendency becomes remarkable, which is not preferable. As the speed becomes faster than 1 m / sec, the flow and scattering of the particles in the particle layer become remarkable.
It is preferable that the hearth gas supply unit be capable of supplying oxygen gas and gas having a high oxygen concentration in addition to air. This is to freely control the combustion state on the particle layer.

一次焼却室には、生木、木屑、生ごみ、紙おむつ、樹木等の剪定ごみ、間伐材、おが屑、農作物の収穫屑、茸菌床、生鶏糞等の家畜糞尿、家畜床、活性汚泥法による余剰汚泥，パルプ廃液汚泥，排水処理汚泥等の汚泥等の含水率が４０〜８０％程度の高含水の焼却物も投入することができる。また、重油，ピート，亜炭，泥炭等の化石燃料も焼却物として用いることができる。また、廃棄飲料，有機排水等の液状の廃棄物も、焼却物に滴下することにより、焼却物とともに焼却することができる。
着火加熱装置としては、液体燃料や気体燃料を燃焼させて加熱するバーナー、電気エネルギーを利用するプラズマトーチ，アーク電極トーチ，抵抗加熱装置，誘導加熱装置等が用いられる。 In the primary incineration room, raw wood, wood waste, food waste, paper diapers, pruning waste such as trees, thinned wood, sawdust, crop waste, gourd floor, livestock manure, livestock manure, activated sludge method High water content incinerators with a water content of about 40 to 80% such as sludge such as excess sludge, pulp waste liquid sludge, and wastewater treatment sludge can also be added. In addition, fossil fuels such as heavy oil, peat, lignite, and peat can be used as incinerated products. Moreover, liquid wastes, such as a waste drink and organic waste_water | drain, can also be incinerated with an incinerator by dripping at an incinerator.
Examples of the ignition heating device include a burner that burns and heats liquid fuel or gaseous fuel, a plasma torch that uses electric energy, an arc electrode torch, a resistance heating device, an induction heating device, and the like.

本発明の請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の焼却装置であって、先端を前記一次焼却室の床の上部に向けて前記一次焼却室に形成された着火加熱装置配設部を備えた構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項１で得られる作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）一次焼却室の着火加熱装置配設部に着火加熱装置を配設し、着火加熱装置に点火する以前に二次焼却室を加熱して、一次焼却室から二次焼却室に向かうガス流を形成しておくことにより、着火された焼却物が発生する燃焼ガスが一次焼却室に滞留するのを防止することができる。 Invention of Claim 2 of this invention is an incinerator of Claim 1 , Comprising: The ignition heating apparatus arrangement | positioning formed in the said primary incinerator with the front-end | tip toward the upper part of the floor of the said primary incinerator It has the structure provided with the part.
With this configuration, in addition to the operation obtained in the first aspect , the following operation can be obtained.
(1) An ignition heating device is arranged in the ignition heating device arrangement part of the primary incineration chamber, and the secondary incineration chamber is heated before igniting the ignition heating device, and the gas is directed from the primary incineration chamber to the secondary incineration chamber. By forming the flow, it is possible to prevent the combustion gas generated by the ignited incineration material from staying in the primary incineration chamber.

ここで、着火加熱装置配設部としては、着火加熱装置の炎や火花等が粒子層に堆積された焼却物に到達するような箇所で、一次焼却室の床の近くの周壁に形成した傾斜面，凹み等に形成することができる。 Here, as the ignition heating device arrangement part, the slope formed on the peripheral wall near the floor of the primary incineration chamber, where the flame or spark of the ignition heating device reaches the incinerated material deposited in the particle layer It can be formed on a surface, a dent or the like.

着火加熱装置は、一次焼却室に形成された着火加熱装置配設部、燃焼ガス流路に形成された傾斜面等に配設することができる。床面積が広い大型の焼却装置の場合等には、着火加熱装置配設部及び燃焼ガス流路に着火加熱装置を配設することで、焼却物への着火や焼却灰を熔融させる時間を短縮できる。
なお、一次焼却室の着火加熱装置配設部に着火加熱装置を配設した場合は、着火加熱装置に点火する以前に二次焼却室を加熱して、一次焼却室から二次焼却室に向かうガス流を形成しておくのが望ましい。着火された焼却物が発生する燃焼ガスが一次焼却室に滞留するのを防止するためである。 The ignition heating device can be arranged on an ignition heating device arrangement part formed in the primary incineration chamber, an inclined surface formed in the combustion gas flow path, or the like. In the case of a large incinerator with a large floor area, etc., the ignition heating device is installed in the ignition heating device installation part and the combustion gas flow path, thereby shortening the time for igniting the incinerated materials and melting the incineration ash. it can.
In addition, when an ignition heating device is provided in the ignition heating device arrangement part of the primary incineration chamber, the secondary incineration chamber is heated before igniting the ignition heating device, and then heads from the primary incineration chamber to the secondary incineration chamber. It is desirable to form a gas flow. This is to prevent the combustion gas generated by the ignited incinerated product from staying in the primary incineration chamber.

本発明の請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１又は２に記載の焼却装置であって、噴射口が周壁側に傾斜して前記二次焼却室の周壁に配設され旋回流を形成する二次空気供給部を備えた構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項１又は２で得られる作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）噴射口が周壁側に傾斜して二次焼却室の周壁に配設され旋回流を形成する二次空気供給部を備えているので、二次焼却室内に形成された旋回流に乗って煤塵等の滞留時間が長くなるため煤が完全に燃焼され易く、またサイクロン効果によって粒径の大きな塵を集めることができ、系外への煤塵と有害排出物（ダイオキシン等）の排出を防止できる。 Invention of Claim 3 of this invention is an incinerator of Claim 1 or 2 , Comprising: An injection nozzle inclines to the surrounding wall side, is arrange | positioned at the surrounding wall of the said secondary incineration chamber, and forms a swirl | flow. A secondary air supply unit is provided.
With this configuration, in addition to the operation obtained in the first or second aspect , the following operation can be obtained.
(1) Since the injection port is provided on the peripheral wall of the secondary incineration chamber and is inclined to the peripheral wall side and is provided with a secondary air supply unit that forms a swirling flow, it rides on the swirling flow formed in the secondary incineration chamber. As the residence time of soot and dust becomes longer, soot is easily burned, and dust with a large particle size can be collected by the cyclone effect, preventing the emission of soot dust and harmful emissions (dioxin, etc.) outside the system. it can.

ここで、旋回流の流速としては、１５〜５０ｍ／秒が好適に用いられる。粒径の大きな塵（約５μｍ以上）を捕集することができるとともに、煤の滞留時間を長くして二次焼却室内で完全に燃焼できるからである。流速が１５ｍ／秒より遅くなるにつれ旋回流に乗って旋回する煤塵等に働く遠心力が小さくサイクロン効果が低下するとともに、二次焼却室内での煤塵等の滞留時間が短くなり、二次焼却室内での煤の完全燃焼が困難になる傾向がみられる。５０ｍ／秒より速くなるにつれ二次空気供給部に接続された送風機の動力が大きくなり装置が大型化するため好ましくない。 Here, 15-50 m / sec is used suitably as the flow velocity of the swirl flow. This is because dust having a large particle size (about 5 μm or more) can be collected and can be completely burned in the secondary incineration chamber by increasing the residence time of the soot. As the flow velocity becomes slower than 15 m / sec, the centrifugal force acting on the dust that swirls in the swirl flow is small and the cyclone effect is reduced. There is a tendency that the complete burning of soot in Japan becomes difficult. As the speed becomes faster than 50 m / sec, the power of the blower connected to the secondary air supply unit becomes large, and the apparatus becomes undesirably large.

本発明の請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至３の内いずれか１に記載の焼却装置であって、前記二次焼却室に配設された熱交換器と、前記一次焼却室に配設された温風供給部と、前記温風供給部と前記熱交換器とを連通した温風管と、前記温風管の上流側に接続された送風機と、を備えた構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項１乃至３の内いずれか１で得られる作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）二次焼却室の廃熱の熱交換により生成された温風を一次焼却室に供給して、一次焼却室内に投入された焼却物を装置内で乾燥させることができ、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室にそのまま投入するだけで容易に完全に焼却することができるとともに、廃熱の有効利用ができエネルギー効率を高めることができる。 Invention of Claim 4 of this invention is an incinerator of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 , Comprising : The heat exchanger arrange | positioned in the said secondary incineration chamber, The said primary incineration chamber A hot air supply section disposed in the hot air supply section, a hot air pipe communicating the hot air supply section and the heat exchanger, and a blower connected to the upstream side of the hot air pipe. is doing.
According to this configuration, in addition to the action obtained in any one of claims 1 to 3 , the following action is obtained.
(1) The warm air generated by heat exchange of the waste heat in the secondary incineration chamber can be supplied to the primary incineration chamber, and the incinerated material thrown into the primary incineration chamber can be dried in the apparatus, Incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more, such as raw garbage, disposable diapers, and chickens, and sludge can be easily and completely incinerated by simply putting them into the primary incineration chamber, and effectively use waste heat. Can increase energy efficiency.

本発明の請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至４の内いずれか１に記載の焼却装置であって、前記二次焼却室と前記一次焼却室とを連通し前記一次焼却室内に燃焼ガスを供給する燃焼ガス循環路と、前記燃焼ガス循環路の上流側に配設されたガス循環装置と、を備えた構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項１乃至４の内いずれか１で得られる作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）二次焼却室内の燃焼ガスを一次焼却室に供給して、一次焼却室内に投入された焼却物を装置内で乾燥させることができ、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室にそのまま投入するだけで容易に完全に焼却することができる。
（２）ガス循環装置が二次焼却室内の燃焼ガスを一次焼却室に循環し、燃焼ガスを一次焼却室で燃焼することで、燃焼ガス中のＮＯｘ等を低減させることができる。 The invention according to claim 5 of the present invention is the incineration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the secondary incineration chamber and the primary incineration chamber are communicated with each other in the primary incineration chamber. A combustion gas circulation path for supplying combustion gas, and a gas circulation device disposed upstream of the combustion gas circulation path are provided.
With this configuration, in addition to the action obtained in any one of claims 1 to 4 , the following action is obtained.
(1) The combustion gas in the secondary incineration chamber can be supplied to the primary incineration chamber, and the incinerated material thrown into the primary incineration chamber can be dried in the apparatus, and livestock such as raw wood, raw garbage, disposable diapers, and chickens. Even incinerators with a water content of 40% or more, such as manure and sludge, can be easily and completely incinerated by simply putting them into the primary incinerator.
(2) The gas circulation device circulates the combustion gas in the secondary incineration chamber to the primary incineration chamber and burns the combustion gas in the primary incineration chamber, thereby reducing NOx and the like in the combustion gas.

ここで、ガス循環装置としては、二次焼却室内の高温ガスを燃焼ガス循環路を通じて一次焼却室内に供給できるものであればよく、例えば、エジェクタ、インコネル等の耐熱金属製，窒化珪素等のセラミック製の耐熱ファン等が用いられる。なかでも、エジェクタが好適に用いられる。簡単な構成で二次焼却室内の燃焼ガスを吸引し燃焼ガス循環路に流入させることができ、耐久性に優れるからである。 Here, as the gas circulation device, any gas can be used as long as it can supply high-temperature gas in the secondary incineration chamber to the primary incineration chamber through the combustion gas circulation path. For example, a ceramic made of heat-resistant metal such as an ejector or Inconel, silicon nitride, etc. A heat-resistant fan made of steel is used. Among these, an ejector is preferably used. This is because the combustion gas in the secondary incineration chamber can be sucked and flowed into the combustion gas circulation path with a simple configuration, and the durability is excellent.

以上のように、本発明の焼却装置によれば、以下のような有利な効果が得られる。
請求項１に記載の発明によれば、
（１）一次焼却室内で焼却物が下部から焼却される際に、未燃焼物が周壁に付着し難くブリッジ状になり難いため、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室に直接投入して着火するだけで粒子層側から焼却させ完全燃焼させることができるので、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物，バイオマス燃料等の種々の焼却物を焼却でき汎用性に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。
（２）火格子の欠点である吹き抜け現象もなく均一に燃焼が進むため、焼却物がほぼ完全に燃焼され、未燃焼残分のほとんどない焼却灰が得られる焼却装置を提供することができる。
（３）一次焼却室に生成された焼却灰の二次焼却室への飛散を防止して、ほとんどの焼却灰を一次焼却室の床部に堆積させることができ、焼却灰の回収効率に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。
（４）一次焼却室に投入された焼却物（燃料）が燃焼中に崩れるのを防止できるので、焼却物を粒子層側から完全に燃焼させることができる焼却装置を提供することができる。
（５）一次焼却室に投入された焼却物を粒子層側から着火し焼却することができ操作性に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。
（６）粒子層の表面に焼却灰等の焼却残渣を置き、着火加熱装置によって焼却残渣の熔融温度以上に加熱することで、焼却残渣を上面側から熔融させて熔融スラグを生成することができ、焼却残渣の熔融処理も可能な焼却装置を提供することができる。
（７）一次焼却室内で熔融スラグの生成・冷却・スラグの生成ができるので、熔融スラグの流出樋等の排出手段や水冷パイプ等の冷却手段を別途設ける必要がなく簡単な構成で熔融処理が可能は焼却装置を提供することができる。
（８）生成されたスラグは、粉砕・整粒して粒子層を構成する粒子としてリサイクルすることもでき省資源性に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。
（９）一次焼却室に投入された焼却物の着火を容易に行うことができ始動性に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the incinerator of the present invention, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.
According to the invention of claim 1,
(1) When incinerated materials are incinerated from the bottom in the primary incineration chamber, unburned materials are difficult to adhere to the surrounding wall and difficult to form a bridge, so livestock manure, raw garbage, disposable diapers, poultry manure, sludge, etc. Even incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more can be incinerated from the particle layer side and burned completely by simply putting them into the primary incineration chamber and igniting them. It is possible to provide an incinerator having excellent versatility that can incinerate any incinerator.
(2) Since the combustion proceeds uniformly without the blow-through phenomenon, which is a defect of the grate, the incinerator can be provided in which the incinerated product is almost completely burned and incineration ash with almost no unburned residue is obtained.
(3) The incineration ash generated in the primary incineration chamber is prevented from scattering into the secondary incineration chamber, and most of the incineration ash can be deposited on the floor of the primary incineration chamber, resulting in excellent incineration ash recovery efficiency. An incinerator can be provided.
(4) Since the incinerated product (fuel) put into the primary incineration chamber can be prevented from collapsing during combustion, an incinerator capable of completely combusting the incinerated product from the particle layer side can be provided.
(5) An incinerator excellent in operability can be provided in which the incinerated product put into the primary incineration chamber can be ignited and incinerated from the particle layer side.
(6) By placing incineration residue such as incineration ash on the surface of the particle layer and heating it above the melting temperature of the incineration residue with an ignition heating device, the incineration residue can be melted from the upper surface side to produce molten slag. An incinerator capable of melting incineration residue can be provided.
(7) Since melting slag can be generated, cooled, and slag can be generated in the primary incineration chamber, it is not necessary to provide separate means for discharging molten slag outflow and cooling means such as water cooling pipes. Possible can provide incineration equipment.
(8) The generated slag can be recycled as particles constituting a particle layer by pulverization and sizing, and an incinerator excellent in resource saving can be provided.
(9) It is possible to provide an incinerator that can easily ignite the incinerated material put into the primary incineration chamber and has excellent startability.

請求項２に記載の発明によれば、請求項１の効果に加え、
（１）一次焼却室の着火加熱装置配設部に着火加熱装置を配設し、着火加熱装置に点火する以前に二次焼却室を加熱して、一次焼却室から二次焼却室に向かうガス流を形成しておくことにより、着火された焼却物が発生する燃焼ガスが一次焼却室に滞留するのを防止することができる。 According to invention of Claim 2 , in addition to the effect of Claim 1 ,
(1) An ignition heating device is arranged in the ignition heating device arrangement part of the primary incineration chamber, and the secondary incineration chamber is heated before igniting the ignition heating device, and the gas is directed from the primary incineration chamber to the secondary incineration chamber. By forming the flow, it is possible to prevent the combustion gas generated by the ignited incineration material from staying in the primary incineration chamber.

請求項３に記載の発明によれば、請求項１又は２の効果に加え、
（１）二次焼却室内に形成された旋回流に乗って煤塵等の滞留時間が長くなるため、煤が完全に燃焼され、またサイクロン効果によって粒径の大きな塵等を捕集することができ、煤塵と有害排出物（ダイオキシン等）の排出を防止できる環境保全性に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。 According to invention of Claim 3 , in addition to the effect of Claim 1 or 2 ,
(1) Since the residence time of soot and dust is increased on the swirl flow formed in the secondary incineration chamber, soot is completely burned, and dust with a large particle size can be collected by the cyclone effect. It is possible to provide an incinerator excellent in environmental conservation capable of preventing emission of dust and harmful emissions (such as dioxin).

請求項４に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至３の内いずれか１の効果に加え、
（１）一次焼却室内に投入された焼却物を装置内で乾燥させることができ、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも容易に完全に焼却することができるとともに廃熱を有効に活用しエネルギー効率に優れた焼却装置を提供することができる。 According to the invention of claim 4 , in addition to the effect of any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
(1) The incinerated product thrown into the primary incineration chamber can be dried in the equipment, and even incinerated products with a moisture content of 40% or more such as raw wood, raw garbage, disposable diapers, livestock manure such as chicken, sludge, etc. It is possible to provide an incinerator that can be completely incinerated and that effectively uses waste heat and is excellent in energy efficiency.

請求項５に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至４の内いずれか１の効果に加え、
（１）一次焼却室内に投入された焼却物を乾燥させることができ、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも容易に完全に焼却することができる焼却装置を提供することができる。
（２）二次焼却室内の燃焼ガスを一次焼却室に循環して一次焼却室で燃焼することで、燃焼ガス中のＮＯｘ等を低減させることができる焼却装置を提供することができる。 According to invention of Claim 5 , in addition to the effect of any one of Claims 1 to 4 ,
(1) The incinerated product thrown into the primary incineration chamber can be dried, and even incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more such as raw wood, raw garbage, disposable diapers, livestock manure such as chicken, sludge, etc. can be easily and completely An incinerator that can be incinerated can be provided.
(2) An incinerator capable of reducing NOx and the like in the combustion gas can be provided by circulating the combustion gas in the secondary incineration chamber to the primary incineration chamber and combusting in the primary incineration chamber.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を、図面を参照しながら説明する。
（実施の形態１）
図１は実施の形態１における焼却装置の要部断面図であり、図２は図１のＡ−Ａ線における要部断面図であり、図３は焼却残渣の熔融処理時の状態を示す要部断面図である。
図１において、１は実施の形態１における焼却装置、２は縦長の略直方体に形成された一次焼却室、３は略鉛直に形成された一次焼却室１の周壁、４は空洞状に形成された周壁３の炉壁部、５は水が充填された炉壁部４の空洞部、６は一次焼却室２の周壁３の上部に形成された焼却物を投入する投入口、６ａは一次焼却室２の上部に配設され有機排水等の液状の焼却物を一次焼却室２内に注入する注入口、７は一次焼却室２の周壁３の下部に形成され焼却されて生成された焼却灰や熔融されて生成されたスラグ等を排出する排出口、８は一次焼却室２の床、９は一次焼却室２の床８に敷設された軽石や耐火煉瓦屑，耐火粒子等の無機質粒子からなる粒子層、１０は粒子層９に配設された火格子等の仕切板、１１は一次焼却室２の床８に敷設された粒子層９に配設された仕切板１０の下部に埋設された炉床ガス供給部、１２は炉床ガス供給部１１に多数形成されたガス噴出孔、１３は炉床ガス供給部１１に接続された送風機、１４は一次焼却室２の下部と連通し一次焼却室２の下部が下位となる段差状に形成された燃焼ガス流路、１４ａは燃焼ガス流路１４の一部が二次焼却室１５に向かう幅広の上り勾配に形成された傾斜面、１４ｂは先端の炎口が一次焼却室２の床８の上部に向けて燃焼ガス流路１４の傾斜面１４ａに配設されたバーナーからなる着火加熱装置、１４ｃは燃焼ガス流路１４に配設され燃焼ガスの温度を計測する温度計、１５は燃焼ガス流路１４と下部が連通した二次焼却室、１６は二次焼却室１５の周壁、１７は空洞状に形成され周壁１６の周囲に配設された炉壁部、１８は内部に水が充填された炉壁部１７の空洞部、１９は二次焼却室１５内の下部に配設された補助バーナー、２０は噴射口２１が周壁１６側に傾斜して二次焼却室１５の周壁１６に配設され二次焼却室１５内に旋回流を形成する二次空気供給部、２２は二次空気供給部２０の上流側に接続された送風機、２３は二次焼却室１５の天井の略中心に形成され焼却装置１で発生した排ガスや廃熱が排出される排出部、２３ａは二次焼却室１５の排出部２３の上部に配設され排出部２３と連通したスペーサ部、２４はスペーサ部２３ａの上部に配設された熱交換器、２４ａはスペーサ部２３ａと連通した熱交換室、２４ｂは熱交換室２４ａの側部に形成された排ガスが排出される排気口、２５は熱交換室２４ａの内部に配設された伝熱管、２６は伝熱管２５の上流側に接続された送風機、２７は一端が伝熱管２５に接続された温風管、２８は他端が温風管２７に接続され一次焼却室２の高さ方向の略中間の周壁３に配設された温風供給部である。なお、空洞部５，１８内の水は図示しない通水口から空洞部５，１８内に通水され、一次焼却室２，二次焼却室１５によって加熱された後、図示しない排水口から排水されて温水として利用することができる。
図２において、２９は燃焼ガス流路１４の側方に配設され二次焼却室１５と一次焼却室２とを連通した燃焼ガス循環路、３０は燃焼ガス循環路２９の上流側に配設されたエジェクタからなるガス循環装置、３１は上流側が燃焼ガス循環路２９に接続し燃焼ガス流路１４の反対側から一次焼却室２内に燃焼ガスを供給する耐熱管等で形成された燃焼ガス供給部、３１ａは燃焼ガス供給部３１に形成され燃焼ガスを流出させるガス流出口である。
図３において、３２は焼却灰等の焼却残渣が熔融され下部が粒子層９に埋設された擂鉢状の熔融スラグである。 Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the incinerator according to the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG.
In FIG. 1, 1 is an incinerator in the first embodiment, 2 is a primary incineration chamber formed in a vertically long substantially rectangular parallelepiped, 3 is a peripheral wall of the primary incineration chamber 1 formed substantially vertically, and 4 is formed in a hollow shape. The furnace wall portion 5 of the peripheral wall 3, 5 is a cavity portion of the furnace wall portion 4 filled with water, 6 is an inlet for charging incinerated material formed on the upper portion of the peripheral wall 3 of the primary incineration chamber 2, and 6 a is primary incineration. An inlet for injecting a liquid incinerated product such as organic wastewater into the primary incinerator 2 disposed at the upper part of the chamber 2, 7 is an incinerated ash formed by incineration formed at the lower part of the peripheral wall 3 of the primary incinerator 2 And 8 are outlets for discharging slag and the like produced by melting, 8 is the floor of the primary incinerator 2, 9 is inorganic particles such as pumice, refractory bricks, refractory particles laid on the floor 8 of the primary incinerator 2 The particle layer 10 is a partition plate such as a grate disposed on the particle layer 9, and 11 is laid on the floor 8 of the primary incineration chamber 2. The hearth gas supply section embedded in the lower part of the partition plate 10 disposed in the particle layer 9, 12 is a gas ejection hole formed in the hearth gas supply section 11, and 13 is the hearth gas supply section 11. The connected blower 14 communicates with the lower part of the primary incineration chamber 2, and the combustion gas flow path is formed in a stepped shape with the lower part of the primary incineration chamber 2 being the lower level. 14 a is a part of the combustion gas flow path 14 is secondary. An inclined surface formed with a wide ascending slope toward the incineration chamber 15, 14 b is a burner disposed at the inclined surface 14 a of the combustion gas flow path 14 with the flame port at the tip facing the upper portion of the floor 8 of the primary incineration chamber 2. 14c is a thermometer that is disposed in the combustion gas passage 14 and measures the temperature of the combustion gas, 15 is a secondary incineration chamber in which the combustion gas passage 14 communicates with the lower portion, and 16 is a secondary incineration chamber. 15 peripheral walls, 17 is a cavity wall formed around the peripheral wall 16 in a hollow shape , 18 is a hollow portion of the furnace wall portion 17 filled with water, 19 is an auxiliary burner disposed in the lower part of the secondary incineration chamber 15, and 20 is an injection port 21 inclined toward the peripheral wall 16 side. A secondary air supply unit disposed on the peripheral wall 16 of the secondary incineration chamber 15 to form a swirling flow in the secondary incineration chamber 15, 22 is a blower connected to the upstream side of the secondary air supply unit 20, and 23 is a secondary A discharge part 23 a formed at substantially the center of the ceiling of the incineration chamber 15 for discharging exhaust gas and waste heat generated in the incinerator 1, is disposed above the discharge part 23 of the secondary incineration chamber 15 and communicates with the discharge part 23. 24 is a heat exchanger disposed on the upper portion of the spacer portion 23a, 24a is a heat exchange chamber communicating with the spacer portion 23a, and 24b is exhausted of exhaust gas formed on the side of the heat exchange chamber 24a. An exhaust port, 25 is a heat transfer tube disposed in the heat exchange chamber 24a, and 26 is A blower connected to the upstream side of the heat transfer tube 25, 27 is a hot air tube having one end connected to the heat transfer tube 25, and 28 is an intermediate portion in the height direction of the primary incineration chamber 2 with the other end connected to the hot air tube 27. It is a warm air supply part arrange | positioned at the surrounding wall 3. The water in the cavities 5 and 18 is passed through the water inlets (not shown) into the cavities 5 and 18, heated by the primary incinerator 2 and the secondary incinerator 15, and then drained from the water outlet (not shown). Can be used as hot water.
In FIG. 2, 29 is disposed on the side of the combustion gas flow path 14 and communicates with the secondary incineration chamber 15 and the primary incineration chamber 2, and 30 is disposed on the upstream side of the combustion gas circulation path 29. A gas circulation device 31 composed of an ejector is connected to the combustion gas circulation path 29 on the upstream side, and a combustion gas formed by a heat-resistant pipe or the like that supplies combustion gas into the primary incineration chamber 2 from the opposite side of the combustion gas flow path 14 The supply unit 31a is a gas outlet that is formed in the combustion gas supply unit 31 and allows the combustion gas to flow out.
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 32 denotes a mortar-shaped molten slag in which an incineration residue such as incineration ash is melted and a lower part is embedded in the particle layer 9.

以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態１における焼却装置１において、以下焼却物の焼却方法について説明する。
初めに、含水率が４０〜８０％の生木、木屑、生ごみ、紙おむつ、樹木等の剪定ごみ、間伐材、おが屑、農作物の収穫屑、茸菌床、生鶏糞等の家畜糞尿、家畜床、活性汚泥法による余剰汚泥，パルプ廃液汚泥，排水処理汚泥等の汚泥等を含む焼却物を、一次焼却室２内がほぼ満杯になるまで投入口６から一次焼却室２内に投入する。このときの焼却物の加重平均含水率を約６０％にしておく。なお、固定炭素成分が少ない等、焼却物の種類によっては、予め粒子層９に木片，薪，ウッドチップ，コークス粒，石炭粒等を敷いておく。
投入口６を閉鎖した後、補助バーナー１９を点火し二次焼却室１５を約８００℃以上に昇温する。二次焼却室１５の昇温後、着火加熱装置１４ｂを点火し、焼却物の粒子層９側に着火しながら、炉床ガス供給部１１から粒子層９に通気し、焼却物のガス化燃焼を開始する。次いで、二次空気供給部２０から空気を二次焼却室１５内に供給し、二次焼却室１５内に旋回流を形成する。これにより、サイクロン効果を得ることができる。
さらに、送風機２６を稼動して温風供給部２８から温風を一次焼却室２内に供給し焼却物を乾燥する。また、ガス燃焼装置３０を稼動して燃焼ガス供給部３１から一次焼却室２内に燃焼ガスを供給する。
これにより、焼却物は粒子層９側から上部に向かってガス化燃焼し続け、燃焼ガスは燃焼ガス流路１４から二次焼却室１５内に流入され、高温の二次焼却室１５内で燃焼ガスに含まれる煤塵等が燃焼され、排出部２３から排ガスが排出される。
なお、焼却物のガス化燃焼が継続し、燃焼ガス流路１４において温度計１４ｃで計測される燃焼ガス温度が８００〜１０００℃を維持できるようになれば、着火加熱装置１４ｂ、補助バーナー１９は消火することができる。一次焼却室２内に空気を供給するだけで、焼却物のガス化燃焼が進行するからである。
空気燃焼ガス流路１４における燃焼ガス温度が約８００℃より低下すると、再び着火加熱装置１４ｂ、補助バーナー１９を点火し焼却物の燃焼を促すが、一定時間、着火加熱装置１４ｂ、補助バーナー１９を点火しても燃焼ガス流路１４の燃焼ガスの温度が約８００℃に昇温しないときは、一次焼却室２内の焼却物が焼却し尽くされたことを示しているため、着火加熱装置１４ｂ、補助バーナー１９を消火し、次いで各送風機を停止する。なお、送風機１３は粒子層９の冷却のため、室温近くに冷却されるまで運転する。
粒子層９に堆積した焼却灰等の焼却残渣は、排出口７から一次焼却室２の外に取り出して、一次焼却室２内を空の状態にした後、同様に焼却物を燃焼させることができる。また、焼却残渣を熔融処理することもできる。 In the incineration apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention configured as described above, an incineration method for incineration will be described below.
First, raw wood, wood waste, garbage, paper diapers, pruning waste such as trees, thinned wood, sawdust, crop harvest waste, gourd floor, live chicken manure, livestock manure, livestock floor Then, the incinerated material including surplus sludge by the activated sludge method, pulp waste liquid sludge, sludge such as wastewater treatment sludge and the like is charged into the primary incinerator 2 from the inlet 6 until the primary incinerator 2 is almost full. The weighted average moisture content of the incinerated product at this time is set to about 60%. Depending on the type of incinerated material, such as a small amount of fixed carbon component, a piece of wood, firewood, wood chips, coke grains, coal grains, etc. are spread on the particle layer 9 in advance.
After closing the inlet 6, the auxiliary burner 19 is ignited and the secondary incineration chamber 15 is heated to about 800 ° C. or higher. After raising the temperature of the secondary incineration chamber 15, the ignition heating device 14 b is ignited and ignited on the particle layer 9 side of the incinerated product, and vented from the hearth gas supply unit 11 to the particle layer 9 to gasify and burn the incinerated product To start. Next, air is supplied from the secondary air supply unit 20 into the secondary incineration chamber 15 to form a swirling flow in the secondary incineration chamber 15. Thereby, the cyclone effect can be obtained.
Further, the blower 26 is operated to supply hot air from the hot air supply unit 28 into the primary incineration chamber 2 to dry the incinerated product. Further, the gas combustion device 30 is operated to supply combustion gas from the combustion gas supply unit 31 into the primary incineration chamber 2.
As a result, the incinerated product continues to be gasified and combusted from the particle layer 9 side toward the upper part, and the combustion gas flows into the secondary incineration chamber 15 from the combustion gas flow path 14 and burns in the high temperature secondary incineration chamber 15. The dust contained in the gas is burned, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the discharge unit 23.
If the incineration gasification combustion continues and the combustion gas temperature measured by the thermometer 14c in the combustion gas channel 14 can be maintained at 800 to 1000 ° C., the ignition heating device 14b and the auxiliary burner 19 are Can be extinguished. This is because the gasification and combustion of the incinerated material proceeds only by supplying air into the primary incineration chamber 2.
When the combustion gas temperature in the air combustion gas flow path 14 falls below about 800 ° C., the ignition heating device 14b and the auxiliary burner 19 are ignited again to promote the combustion of the incinerated materials, but the ignition heating device 14b and the auxiliary burner 19 are turned on for a certain period of time. If the temperature of the combustion gas in the combustion gas flow path 14 does not rise to about 800 ° C. even after ignition, it indicates that the incinerated material in the primary incineration chamber 2 has been incinerated, and therefore the ignition heating device 14b. The auxiliary burner 19 is extinguished and then each blower is stopped. The blower 13 is operated until the particle layer 9 is cooled to near room temperature.
Incineration residues such as incineration ash deposited on the particle layer 9 can be taken out from the primary incineration chamber 2 through the discharge port 7 and the incineration product can be combusted in the same manner after emptying the primary incineration chamber 2. it can. Also, the incineration residue can be melted.

焼却残渣の熔融処理時には、図３に示すように、粒子層９に擂鉢状の凹みを形成し、この凹みの中に焼却残渣を充填した後、着火加熱装置１４ｂに点火して、焼却残渣を熔融温度以上に加熱して熔融し熔融スラグ３２を生成することができる。焼却残渣に、川砂，山砂等の砕石類、蛇紋岩，玄武岩等の岩石類、ガラス屑，カレット，高炉スラグ，石灰石，アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属を含有したアルカリ材等の、低融点で焼却残渣と共融する熔融助剤を混合することができる。また、熔融を容易にするため、焼却残渣の上に木片，薪，ウッドチップ，コークス粒，石炭粒等の固形燃料を敷いておくこともできる。 At the time of melting the incineration residue, as shown in FIG. 3, a bowl-shaped dent is formed in the particle layer 9, and after filling the incineration residue into the dent, the ignition heating device 14b is ignited to incinerate the incineration residue. The molten slag 32 can be produced by heating to a melting temperature or higher and melting. Incineration residue with low melting point such as crushed stones such as river sand and mountain sand, rocks such as serpentine and basalt, glass scrap, cullet, blast furnace slag, limestone, alkali materials containing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, etc. A melting aid that is eutectic with the incineration residue can be mixed. In order to facilitate melting, solid fuel such as wood chips, firewood, wood chips, coke grains, and coal grains can be laid on the incineration residue.

以上のように、本発明の実施の形態１における焼却装置は構成されているので、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）一次焼却室２の周壁３が略鉛直に形成されているので、一次焼却室２内で焼却物が乾燥や焼却される際、未燃焼物が周壁３に付着し難くブリッジ状になり難いため、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室に直接投入して完全に燃焼できる。
（２）一次焼却室２の床８に粒子層９が敷設されているとともに、粒子層９に炉床ガス供給部１１が埋設されているので、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物，バイオマス燃料等の焼却物を投入して着火するだけで、炉床ガス供給部１１から燃焼用空気等の燃焼用ガスが供給されて粒子層９側から酸化雰囲気で焼却することができ焼却物の燃焼処理性能に優れる。
（３）炉床ガス供給部１１からの空気量や酸素量で焼却物の焼却速度を自在に調節することができ、自在性に優れる。
（４）一次焼却室２の床８の上部に向けて配設された着火加熱装置１４ｂを備えているので、一次焼却室２に投入された焼却物を粒子層９側から着火し焼却することができる。
（５）粒子層９の表面に焼却灰等の焼却残渣を置き、着火加熱装置１４ｂによって焼却残渣の熔融温度以上に加熱することで、焼却残渣を上面側から熔融させて熔融スラグを生成することができる。
（６）熔融スラグの周囲の粒子層９は、炉床ガス供給部１１からの空気量等を調整することで熔融の進行を抑制することができるので、粒子層９の凹所内で熔融スラグ３２を生成しているような状態にすることができ、熔融スラグ３２の生成後は炉床ガス供給部１１からの空気で冷却しスラグを生成し排出することができる。このため、熔融スラグ３２の流出樋等の排出手段や水冷パイプ等の冷却手段を別途設ける必要がなく装置構成を簡単にすることができる。
（７）生成されたスラグは、粉砕・整粒して粒子層を構成する粒子としてリサイクルすることもでき省資源性に優れる。
（８）噴射口２１が周壁１６側に傾斜して二次焼却室１５の周壁１６に配設され旋回流を形成する二次空気供給部２０を備えているので、二次焼却室１５内に形成された旋回流に乗って煤塵等の滞留時間が長くなるので、煤を二次焼却室１５内で完全燃焼することができるとともに有害排出物（ダイオキシン等）の排出を防止できる。
（９）排出部２３が二次焼却室１５の天井の略中心に形成されているので、塵等のうち粒径の大きなもの（約５μｍ以上）は遠心力が大きく、サイクロン効果によって旋回流の外側を周回し排出部２３からは排出されずに二次焼却室１５の床に集まるため、排出部２３からは塵をほとんど含まない排ガスだけを排出することができる。
（１０）二次焼却室１５の廃熱の熱交換により生成された温風を一次焼却室２に供給して、一次焼却室２内に投入された焼却物を一次焼却室２内で乾燥させることができ、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室２にそのまま投入するだけで容易に完全に焼却することができる。
（１１）二次焼却室１５内の燃焼ガスを一次焼却室２に供給して、一次焼却室２内に投入された焼却物を装置内で乾燥させることができ、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室２にそのまま投入するだけで容易に完全に焼却することができる。
（１２）ガス循環装置３０が、二次焼却室１５内の燃焼ガスを燃焼ガス流路１４の反対側から一次焼却室２に循環するので、燃焼ガスを一次焼却室２で燃焼することで燃焼ガス中のＮＯｘ等を低減させることができる。
（１３）一次焼却室２や二次焼却室１５の周壁３，１６の空洞部５，１８に水が充填されているので、一次焼却室２に投入される都市ゴミや産業廃棄物等の焼却物中にプラスチック廃棄物や石油製品等を含んでいる場合にも、プラスチック製品等の熔融液化・ガス発生の暴走を防ぎ、一次焼却室２内のガスの発生を均一化することができるとともに、周壁３，１６に耐火物や断熱材の内張りを最小限にすることができ施工性に優れる。また、空洞部５，１８内の加熱された水を空洞部５，１８から排出することにより、温水として有効に利用できる。
（１４）粒子層９に仕切板１０が配設されているので、一次焼却室２から焼却残渣を排出するときやメンテナンス時等に、粒子層９の粒子が外部に掻き出されるのを防止できる。
（１５）一次焼却室２の下部と連通し一次焼却室２の下部が下位となる段差状に形成された燃焼ガス流路１４を備えているので、一次焼却室２に生成された焼却灰の二次焼却室１５への飛散を防止でき、焼却灰の回収効率に優れる。
（１６）また、一次焼却室２に投入された焼却物（燃料）が燃焼中に崩れるのを防止できるので、焼却物を粒子層９側から完全に燃焼させることができる。
（１７）燃焼ガス流路１４に二次焼却室１５に向かう上り勾配に形成された傾斜面１４ａを備えているので、燃焼用空気等が傾斜面１４ａに沿って斜め上向きに流動するため、一次焼却室２に投入された焼却物の着火を容易に行うことができる。また、焼却灰の飛散や焼却物の崩れも防止できる。 As described above, since the incineration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is configured, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the peripheral wall 3 of the primary incineration chamber 2 is formed substantially vertically, when the incinerated product is dried or incinerated in the primary incineration chamber 2, the unburned material is difficult to adhere to the peripheral wall 3 and forms a bridge shape. Because it is difficult, even incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more, such as livestock manure, garbage, disposable diapers, and chickens, and sludge can be directly put into the primary incinerator and burned completely.
(2) Since the particle layer 9 is laid on the floor 8 of the primary incineration chamber 2 and the hearth gas supply unit 11 is embedded in the particle layer 9, incineration of municipal waste, industrial waste, biomass fuel, etc. The combustion gas such as the combustion air is supplied from the hearth gas supply unit 11 just by charging the material and ignited, so that it can be incinerated in the oxidizing atmosphere from the particle layer 9 side, and the combustion treatment performance of the incinerated material is excellent. .
(3) The incineration speed of the incinerated product can be freely adjusted by the amount of air and the amount of oxygen from the hearth gas supply unit 11, and the flexibility is excellent.
(4) Since the ignition heating device 14b disposed toward the upper portion of the floor 8 of the primary incineration chamber 2 is provided, the incinerated material charged into the primary incineration chamber 2 is ignited from the particle layer 9 side and incinerated. Can do.
(5) An incineration residue such as incineration ash is placed on the surface of the particle layer 9, and the incineration residue is melted from the upper surface side by heating the incineration residue above the melting temperature of the incineration residue by the ignition heating device 14b to generate a molten slag. Can do.
(6) Since the particle layer 9 around the molten slag can suppress the progress of melting by adjusting the amount of air or the like from the hearth gas supply unit 11, the molten slag 32 in the recess of the particle layer 9. In this state, after the molten slag 32 is generated, it can be cooled with air from the hearth gas supply unit 11 to generate and discharge slag. For this reason, it is not necessary to separately provide a discharging means such as an outflow soot for the molten slag 32 and a cooling means such as a water-cooled pipe, and the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
(7) The generated slag can be recycled as particles constituting a particle layer by pulverization and sizing, and is excellent in resource saving.
(8) Since the injection port 21 is provided on the peripheral wall 16 of the secondary incineration chamber 15 so as to be inclined toward the peripheral wall 16 and includes the secondary air supply unit 20 that forms a swirling flow, Since the residence time of soot and dust is increased on the formed swirling flow, soot can be completely burned in the secondary incineration chamber 15 and discharge of harmful emissions (such as dioxin) can be prevented.
(9) Since the discharge part 23 is formed at substantially the center of the ceiling of the secondary incineration chamber 15, dust having a large particle size (about 5 μm or more) has a large centrifugal force, and the cyclone effect causes a swirling flow. Since it goes around the outside and collects on the floor of the secondary incineration chamber 15 without being discharged from the discharge part 23, only the exhaust gas containing almost no dust can be discharged from the discharge part 23.
(10) The warm air generated by the heat exchange of the waste heat in the secondary incineration chamber 15 is supplied to the primary incineration chamber 2, and the incinerated material put into the primary incineration chamber 2 is dried in the primary incineration chamber 2. It is possible to incinerate raw materials such as raw wood, raw garbage, disposable diapers, chickens, etc., even incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more, simply by injecting them into the primary incinerator 2 as they are. it can.
(11) Combustion gas in the secondary incineration chamber 15 can be supplied to the primary incineration chamber 2 to incinerate the incinerated material charged into the primary incineration chamber 2, and raw wood, garbage, and disposable diapers Even incinerators with a water content of 40% or more, such as livestock manure such as chickens, sludge, etc., can be easily and completely incinerated by simply putting them into the primary incinerator 2.
(12) Since the gas circulation device 30 circulates the combustion gas in the secondary incineration chamber 15 from the opposite side of the combustion gas flow path 14 to the primary incineration chamber 2, combustion is performed by burning the combustion gas in the primary incineration chamber 2. NOx and the like in the gas can be reduced.
(13) Since the cavities 5 and 18 of the peripheral walls 3 and 16 of the primary incineration chamber 2 and the secondary incineration chamber 15 are filled with water, incineration of municipal waste and industrial waste etc. thrown into the primary incineration chamber 2 Even when plastic waste, petroleum products, etc. are included in the material, it is possible to prevent plastic solution, etc. from being melted and gas generation runaway, and uniform gas generation in the primary incineration chamber 2, The lining of the refractory and the heat insulating material can be minimized on the peripheral walls 3 and 16, and the workability is excellent. Further, by discharging the heated water in the cavities 5 and 18 from the cavities 5 and 18, it can be effectively used as hot water.
(14) Since the partition plate 10 is provided in the particle layer 9, it is possible to prevent the particles of the particle layer 9 from being scraped out to the outside when discharging the incineration residue from the primary incineration chamber 2 or during maintenance. .
(15) Since the lower part of the primary incineration chamber 2 communicates with the lower part of the primary incineration chamber 2 and includes the combustion gas flow path 14 formed in a stepped shape that becomes the lower level, the incineration ash generated in the primary incineration chamber 2 The scattering to the secondary incineration chamber 15 can be prevented, and the incineration ash recovery efficiency is excellent.
(16) Moreover, since it can prevent that the incinerated material (fuel) thrown into the primary incineration chamber 2 collapses during combustion, the incinerated material can be completely burned from the particle layer 9 side.
(17) Since the combustion gas flow path 14 is provided with the inclined surface 14a formed in an upward gradient toward the secondary incineration chamber 15, the combustion air and the like flow obliquely upward along the inclined surface 14a. The incinerated material thrown into the incineration chamber 2 can be easily ignited. In addition, scattering of incineration ash and collapse of incineration can be prevented.

ここで、本実施の形態においては、周壁３が略鉛直に形成された場合について説明したが、上部が下部より幅狭に形成することもできる。この場合は、一次焼却室の内容積がやや小さくなるが、同様の作用が得られる。
また、バーナーからなる着火加熱装置１４ｂを備えた場合について説明したが、プラズマトーチ，アーク電極トーチ，抵抗加熱装置，誘導加熱装置等で形成する場合もある。この場合も、同様の作用が得られる。なお、粒子層９の上面乃至は上面側にコークス粒等の固形燃料を配設し、炉床ガス供給部１１からの空気量や酸素濃度を調節することにより、粒子層９の上面を着火加熱装置として用いることができる。この場合も、粒子層９の表面の焼却物を燃焼したり、粒子層９の表面の焼却残渣を熔融したりすることができる。
また、バーナーからなる着火加熱装置１４ｂ、補助バーナー１９を備えた場合について説明したが、着火加熱装置１４ｂがない場合は、着火時に排出口７を開けて、焼却装置１の外側からバーナー等を使って焼却物に着火し、着火後に排出口７を閉じ、焼却物を燃焼させることができる。
また、送風機１３，２２，２６を各々備えた場合について説明したが、送風機を１台だけにして、送風機と炉床ガス供給部１１，二次空気供給部２０，伝熱管２５とを開閉弁が配設された配管で接続することもできる。これにより、送風機の台数を減らし焼却装置１を小型化することができる。
また、排気口２４ｂが熱交換室２４ａの側部に形成された場合について説明したが、熱交換室２４ａの上部に形成することもできる。さらに、排気口２４ｂにドラフト装置や温水ボイラ等を接続することもできる。
Here, although the case where the peripheral wall 3 is formed substantially vertically has been described in the present embodiment, the upper part can be formed narrower than the lower part. In this case, the inner volume of the primary incinerator is slightly reduced, but the same effect can be obtained.
Moreover, although the case where the ignition heating apparatus 14b which consists of a burner was provided was demonstrated, it may form with a plasma torch, an arc electrode torch, a resistance heating apparatus, an induction heating apparatus, etc. In this case, the same effect can be obtained. In addition, solid fuel such as coke grains is disposed on the upper surface or the upper surface side of the particle layer 9, and the upper surface of the particle layer 9 is ignited and heated by adjusting the amount of air and the oxygen concentration from the hearth gas supply unit 11. It can be used as a device. Also in this case, the incinerated material on the surface of the particle layer 9 can be burned, or the incineration residue on the surface of the particle layer 9 can be melted.
Moreover, although the case where the ignition heating apparatus 14b and auxiliary burner 19 which consist of a burner were provided was demonstrated, when there is no ignition heating apparatus 14b, the discharge port 7 is opened at the time of ignition and a burner etc. are used from the outer side of the incinerator 1 Thus, the incinerated product can be ignited, and after the ignition, the discharge port 7 can be closed to burn the incinerated product.
Moreover, although the case where each of the blowers 13, 22, and 26 was provided was described, only one blower was provided, and an on-off valve connected the blower, the hearth gas supply unit 11, the secondary air supply unit 20, and the heat transfer tube 25. It is also possible to connect with the arranged piping. Thereby, the number of blowers can be reduced and the incinerator 1 can be reduced in size.
Moreover, although the case where the exhaust port 24b was formed in the side part of the heat exchange chamber 24a was demonstrated, it can also be formed in the upper part of the heat exchange chamber 24a. Further, a draft device or a hot water boiler can be connected to the exhaust port 24b.

以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
（実施例１）
実施の形態１で説明した焼却装置を用い、病棟（ベット数２５０床）からの排出物を焼却物として焼却した。排出物は、紙おむつ（含水率８９％）５２５ｋｇ、雑芥３９０ｋｇ、厨房の生ゴミ６０ｋｇ（小計９７５ｋｇ、平均含水率６５％）。これらは全て、４０Ｌのポリエチレン製の袋に小分けして充填されていた。助燃材として、粒子層の上に木屑５０ｇ、コークス粒３０ｋｇを敷き、この上に排出物を袋に入ったまま積み上げ、排出物及び助燃材を焼却物（合計１０５５ｋｇ、平均含水率６０％）として焼却した。
助燃材に着火して燃焼させ、燃焼ガス温度８６０℃、燃焼時間８．５時間、冷却時間２．０時間で燃焼を完了し、３１ｋｇの焼却灰（焼却残渣）が残った。
燃焼中の排ガスを分析したところ、ダイオキシン類濃度０．２ｎｇ／ｍ^３Ｎ、煤塵５０ｍｇ／ｍ^３Ｎ、窒素酸化物濃度３０ｐｐｍ（ｖｏｌ）であり、有害物質の排出量が少ないことが確認された。
また、焼却灰（焼却残渣）の９００℃における強熱減量は０．５％であり、含水率の高い焼却物がほぼ完全に燃焼されていることが明らかになった。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Using the incinerator described in Embodiment 1, the waste from the ward (250 beds) was incinerated as an incinerator. Emissions are 525 kg of disposable diapers (water content 89%), 390 kg of garbage, 60 kg of kitchen garbage (subtotal 975 kg, average water content 65%). All of these were packed in 40 L polyethylene bags. As an auxiliary combustion material, 50g of wood chips and 30kg of coke grains are laid on the particle layer, and the waste is piled up in a bag, and the exhaust and auxiliary combustion material are incinerated (total 1055kg, average moisture content 60%). Incinerated.
The auxiliary combustible material was ignited and combusted, and combustion was completed at a combustion gas temperature of 860 ° C., a combustion time of 8.5 hours, and a cooling time of 2.0 hours, and 31 kg of incineration ash (incineration residue) remained.
As a result of analyzing the exhaust gas during combustion, it was confirmed that the dioxin concentration was 0.2 ng / m ³ N, the dust was 50 mg / m ³ N, the nitrogen oxide concentration was 30 ppm (vol), and the emission of harmful substances was small. .
Moreover, the ignition loss of incineration ash (incineration residue) at 900 ° C. was 0.5%, and it became clear that the incinerated product having a high water content was almost completely burned.

（実施例２）
実施の形態１で説明した焼却装置を用い、生鶏糞を焼却物として焼却した。生鶏糞２２０ｋｇ（含水率５１．５％、灰分３９．５％）に、ウッドチップ８０ｋｇ（含水率２０％）、助燃材として木屑５０ｋｇを混合したものを粒子層の上に積み上げ、燃焼させた。
燃焼中の燃焼ガス温度８３０℃、燃焼時間３．５時間、冷却時間２．０時間で燃焼を完了し、８９ｋｇの焼却灰（焼却残渣）が残った。焼却灰を分析したところ、約８％のカリウム分と約８％のリン分を含有しており、肥料として用いることが可能であることがわかった。 (Example 2)
Using the incinerator described in Embodiment 1, raw chicken manure was incinerated as an incinerator. A mixture of 220 kg of raw chicken manure (water content 51.5%, ash content 39.5%), wood chips 80 kg (water content 20%), and wood chips 50 kg as a combustion aid was stacked on the particle layer and burned.
Combustion was completed at a combustion gas temperature of 830 ° C., a combustion time of 3.5 hours, and a cooling time of 2.0 hours during combustion, and 89 kg of incineration ash (incineration residue) remained. Analysis of the incinerated ash revealed that it contains about 8% potassium and about 8% phosphorus, and can be used as a fertilizer.

（実施例３）
実施の形態１で説明した焼却装置を用い、有機汚泥脱水ケーキを焼却物として焼却した。有機汚泥脱水ケーキ２００ｋｇ（含水率８２．６％）にウッドチップ８０ｋｇ（含水率２０％）を混合したものを焼却物（平均含水率５８％）として、粒子層の上に敷いた助燃材木屑５０ｋｇの上に積み上げて燃焼させた。
燃焼中の燃焼ガス温度８３０℃、燃焼時間３．５時間、冷却時間２．０時間で燃焼を完了し、ほぼ熔融した状態の１２ｋｇの焼却残渣が残った。 (Example 3)
Using the incinerator described in Embodiment 1, the organic sludge dewatered cake was incinerated as an incinerator. Organic sludge dehydrated cake 200kg (water content 82.6%) mixed with wood chips 80kg (water content 20%) as an incinerated product (average water content 58%) Stacked on top and burned.
Combustion was completed at a combustion gas temperature of 830 ° C. during combustion, a combustion time of 3.5 hours, and a cooling time of 2.0 hours, and 12 kg of incineration residue almost melted remained.

（実施例４）
実施例２で得られた鶏糞の焼却灰５０ｋｇにコークス粒１０ｋｇを混合し、図４に示すように、粒子層に擂鉢状の凹みを形成し、ここに焼却灰とコークス粒の混合物を充填した。なお、粒子層としては、粒径が３〜５０ｍｍの重質の軽石粒を用いた。
バーナーを点火するとともに、炉床ガス供給部から酸素２ｍ^３を１時間通気した後、空気のみ６時間通気して焼却灰の燃焼・熔融を行った。
粒子層の冷却を待って熔融物を取り出した。約１／５に容積が収縮しクラックの入った熔融物（スラグ）が得られた。 Example 4
Coke grains 10 kg were mixed with 50 kg of chicken manure incineration ash obtained in Example 2, and as shown in FIG. 4, a bowl-shaped dent was formed in the particle layer, and this was filled with a mixture of incineration ash and coke grains. . As the particle layer, heavy pumice particles having a particle size of 3 to 50 mm were used.
The burner was ignited and 2 m ³ of oxygen was ventilated from the hearth gas supply part for 1 hour, and then only air was ventilated for 6 hours to burn and melt the incineration ash.
The melt was taken out after the particle layer was cooled. A melt (slag) in which the volume contracted to about 1/5 and cracked was obtained.

以上のことから、本実施例によれば、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物，バイオマス燃料等の種々の焼却物を焼却でき汎用性に優れ、焼却灰（燃焼残渣）の熔融も可能な焼却装置を提供できることが明らかになった。 From the above, according to the present embodiment, an incinerator capable of incinerating various incinerators such as municipal waste, industrial waste, biomass fuel, etc. is excellent in versatility and capable of melting incineration ash (combustion residue). It became clear that we could do it.

本発明は、都市ゴミ等の産業廃棄物やバイオマス燃料等を焼却する焼却装置に関し、一次焼却室内で焼却物が下部から焼却される際に、未燃焼物が周壁に付着し難くブリッジ状になり難いため、生木，生ゴミ，紙おむつ，鶏等の家畜糞尿，汚泥等の含水率が４０％以上の焼却物でも、一次焼却室に直接投入して着火するだけで粒子層側から焼却させ完全燃焼させることができるので、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物，バイオマス燃料等の種々の焼却物を焼却でき汎用性に優れた焼却装置を提供できる。 The present invention relates to an incinerator that incinerates industrial waste such as municipal waste and biomass fuel, and when the incinerated product is incinerated from the lower part in the primary incineration chamber, the unburned product hardly adheres to the peripheral wall and forms a bridge shape. Because it is difficult, even incinerators with a moisture content of 40% or more, such as livestock, raw garbage, disposable diapers, and chickens, and sludge, etc., are completely incinerated from the particle layer side by simply putting them into the primary incinerator and igniting them. Since it can be burned, various incinerators such as municipal waste, industrial waste, and biomass fuel can be incinerated, and an incinerator excellent in versatility can be provided.

実施の形態１における焼却装置の要部断面図Sectional drawing of the principal part of the incinerator in Embodiment 1. 図１のＡ−Ａ線における要部断面図Sectional drawing of the principal part in the AA line of FIG. 焼却残渣の熔融処理時の状態を示す要部断面図Cross-sectional view of relevant parts showing the state of incineration residue during melting processing 従来の焼却装置の要部断面図Cross section of the main part of a conventional incinerator

Explanation of symbols

１焼却装置
２一次焼却室
３周壁
４炉壁部
５空洞部
６投入口
６ａ注入口
７排出口
８床
９粒子層
１０仕切板
１１炉床ガス供給部
１２ガス噴出孔
１３送風機
１４燃焼ガス流路
１４ａ傾斜面
１４ｂ着火加熱装置
１４ｃ温度計
１５二次焼却室
１６周壁
１７炉壁部
１８空洞部
１９補助バーナー
２０二次空気供給部
２１噴射口
２２送風機
２３排出部
２３ａスペーサ部
２４熱交換器
２４ａ熱交換室
２４ｂ排気口
２５伝熱管
２６送風機
２７温風管
２８温風供給部
２９燃焼ガス循環路
３０ガス循環装置
３１燃焼ガス供給部
３１ａガス流出口
３２熔融スラグ
４０焼却装置
４１一次焼却室
４２燃焼ガス流路
４３二次焼却室
４４投入口
４５周壁
４６焼却物
４７粒子層
４８空気供給部
４９送風機
５０空気供給部
５１送風機
５２着火口
５３空気供給部
５４バーナー
５５空気供給部
５６排出部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 2 Primary incineration chamber 3 Perimeter wall 4 Furnace wall part 5 Cavity part 6 Inlet 6a Inlet 7 Outlet 8 Floor 9 Particle layer 10 Partition plate 11 Hearth gas supply part 12 Gas ejection hole 13 Blower 14 Combustion gas flow path 14a Inclined surface 14b Ignition heating device 14c Thermometer 15 Secondary incineration chamber 16 Peripheral wall 17 Furnace wall portion 18 Cavity portion 19 Auxiliary burner 20 Secondary air supply portion 21 Injection port 22 Blower 23 Discharge portion 23a Spacer portion 24 Heat exchanger 24a Heat Exchange chamber 24b Exhaust port 25 Heat transfer tube 26 Blower 27 Warm air tube 28 Hot air supply unit 29 Combustion gas circulation path 30 Gas circulation device 31 Combustion gas supply unit 31a Gas outlet 32 Melting slag 40 Incinerator 41 Primary incineration chamber 42 Combustion gas Flow path 43 Secondary incineration chamber 44 Input port 45 Peripheral wall 46 Incinerated material 47 Particle layer 48 Air supply unit 49 Blower 50 Air supply unit 51 Blower 52 Ignition port 53 Air supply unit 54 Burner 55 Air supply unit 56 Discharge unit

Claims

A primary incineration chamber having a peripheral wall that is substantially vertical or narrower at the top than the lower portion, a secondary incineration chamber communicating with the primary incineration chamber, a particle layer laid on the floor of the primary incineration chamber, and the particles A hearth gas supply unit embedded in the bed; a blower connected to the hearth gas supply unit; and a lower part of the primary incineration chamber and the secondary incineration chamber (a) the secondary incineration chamber Combustion gas flow path in which an inclined surface having an upward slope toward the surface is formed in a part or the whole, or (b) a lower step of the primary incineration chamber is formed in a lower step shape, and a part thereof is directed to the secondary incineration chamber A combustion gas flow path having an inclined surface formed in an upward slope, and an ignition heating device disposed on the inclined surface of the combustion gas flow path with a tip directed toward an upper part of the floor of the primary incineration chamber. Incinerator characterized by having.

The incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising an ignition heating device disposition portion formed in the primary incineration chamber with a tip directed toward an upper portion of the floor of the primary incineration chamber.

The incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a secondary air supply unit that is disposed on the peripheral wall of the secondary incineration chamber and forms a swirling flow with an injection port inclined toward the peripheral wall side.

A heat exchanger disposed in the secondary incineration chamber, a warm air supply unit disposed in the primary incineration chamber, a hot air pipe communicating the warm air supply unit and the heat exchanger, An incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a blower connected to an upstream side of the hot air pipe.

A combustion gas circulation path that communicates the secondary incineration chamber and the primary incineration chamber to supply combustion gas into the primary incineration chamber; and a gas circulation device disposed upstream of the combustion gas circulation path. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the incinerator is provided.