CN1109848C - Method and device for incineration of solid waste - Google Patents
Method and device for incineration of solid waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1109848C CN1109848C CN 98100267 CN98100267A CN1109848C CN 1109848 C CN1109848 C CN 1109848C CN 98100267 CN98100267 CN 98100267 CN 98100267 A CN98100267 A CN 98100267A CN 1109848 C CN1109848 C CN 1109848C
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- solid waste
- combustion chamber
- present
- grate
- bed
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for combusting and treating solid waste, particularly to a structure of a small quick installing combustion furnace and a combusting and treating technique. The present invention uses various proposals, such as a multi-stage combustion mode of a composite bed, a stage speration wind distribution mode, a reverse combustion mode, etc. A moving bed of a fixed grate and a wind cooled type structure are used structurally, and a full combustion chamber of a combustible substance of gaseous organic matter is arranged. The present invention has the advantages that the present invention overcomes the defects that the conventional fixed bed is difficult to slag and is difficult to continuously operate, the structure of the moving bed is complicated, etc., and poisonous solid waste, solid waste with germs, solid waste enriched with artificial synthesis organic substances, etc. are sufficiently combusted and fully combusted under the condition of high temperature and oxygen enrichment. Emission objects reach environmental protection requirements.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of is the fast-assembling of auxiliary fuel, the structure and the incineration treatment technology thereof of small incinerator with oil or coal gas; Relate in particular to a kind of to containing the discarded object of viral composition, artificial synthetic organic materials, as the solid effluent of Biochemical Research institute, hospital, hotel, restaurant, food factory etc. or the incineration treatment method and the device of municipal domestic waste.
Be the small incinerator of the processing solid waste of auxiliary fuel with oil or coal gas in the prior art, mainly contain fixed bed, moving bed and three kinds of patterns of spin chamber.Fluidized bed incinerator is owing to the reason of structure and operation is difficult to use on small-sized quick-action furnace.Adopt the small incinerator of fixed bed that advantages such as simple in structure, that operation is easy are arranged, but existence move difficulty continuously, deslagging is inconvenient and the shortcoming of difficult abundant after-flame; Adopt the small incinerator of moving bed to be easy to realize continuous feed and deslagging, but long-time continuous operation, be easy to after-flame than fixed bed, but often owing to realize moving of bed (fuel and ashes) with mobile grate or ladder fire grate, the result causes the incinerator structural complexity to greatly increase, and manufacturing cost rises, and installation, maintenance difficulties increase, and moving component works in the high-temperature region, poor reliability; The small incinerator of employing spin chamber is easy to abundant after-flame, and insensitive to the discarded object composition, but has the problem of the sealing and the high temperature deformation of rotatable parts in mechanism.More than the small incinerator of three kinds of patterns, its pluses and minuses are separately arranged, but all there is a comparatively general problem, promptly not enough for being rich in artificial synthetic organic materials (as various plastics) and containing the after-flame degree of gaseous combustible composition of discarded object of viral composition, even produce some heterocyclic organic matters (organic intermediate product of insufficient generation of promptly burning), these organic matters enter (even very low concentration such as several ppm) behind the atmosphere, have carcinogenic or effect such as mutagenesis to the mankind.In addition, the small incinerator of existing processing solid waste, its furnace wall all do not have cooling system mostly, form but directly build by laying bricks or stones by refractory material and heat-insulating material, its thickness of this furnace wall and weight are all bigger, and often owing to be subjected to the restriction of material thermal resistance energy, temperature is unsuitable too high in the stove.This is for increasing disposal ability, and fully the after-flame gaseous organic substance is very disadvantageous.
Purpose of the present invention and task provide a kind of method and apparatus of incineration of solid waste, make it can overcome not easy-to-discharge slag of conventional fixed bed, be difficult to the shortcoming of operation continuously, the defectives such as rotatable parts poor reliability that can solve conventional moving bed complex structure, installation again, maintenance difficulties is big and works in the high-temperature region.Simultaneously can to toxic, carry disease germs or the discarded object of artificial synthetic organic materials carries out innoxious burning and handles, make its not organic principle of emission hazard human health.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of method of incineration of solid waste, it is characterized in that adopting multiple-hearth multistage combustion mode, and its step is as follows:
(a) discarded object being sent into oil or coal gas is that making it form mobile bed under strength and gravity effect is multiple-hearth on the one-level fire grate in auxiliary fuel and the combustion chamber that has blowing system, finishes preheating, drying, catches fire and process such as burning;
(b) unburnt solid particle falls into subordinate's fire grate after the burning of upper level multiple-hearth, makes it continue fire burns;
(c) combustible of a small amount of remaining still uncombusted falls into ashes that thoroughly the afterburnt discharges out of the furnace on the final stage fire grate of bottom, combustion chamber;
(d) above-mentioned because of be heated, the flammable matter of gaseous organic substance that imperfect combustion and cracking generate or discharge and the fine particle that contains flammable matter flow into the secondary furnace that is high-temperature oxygen-enriched district with flue gas and fully burn.
On the basis of multistage combustion, the present invention has also adopted along the flue gas flow multiple spot and has sprayed into the staged air distribution method of preheated air and make flue gas pass through the technical scheme of the reverse combustion system of composite bed from top to bottom, in order to guarantee solid waste abundant burning and after-flame under high-temperature oxygen-enriched condition, reach the purpose of not discharging simultaneously to the influential organic intermediate product of health.
Realize the device of a kind of incineration of solid waste of said method, it mainly comprises feeder, main chamber, burner, heat exchanger, deduster, pressure fan and lime-ash gathering system, it is characterized in that in the combustion chamber, being provided with multiple-hearth, its underpart is provided with the final stage fire grate, be connected with the secondary furnace of flammable matter of gaseous organic substance and fine particle behind the combustion chamber, the bottom of secondary furnace is connected with the bottom, combustion chamber.
The furnace wall of above-mentioned combustion chamber and secondary furnace has adopted air-cooled structure, and promptly furnace wall adopts air blanketing or airduct, refractory material and insulation material to constitute; The technical schemes such as spout that burner and a plurality of preheated airs are set along flue gas flow have also been adopted simultaneously, so that keep sufficiently high temperature in the combustion chamber, thereby discarded object (comprising the various compositions that are difficult for after-flame) is fully burnt and after-flame under high-temperature oxygen-enriched condition.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and beneficial effect: the present invention is owing to adopted multinomial technical schemes such as multiple-hearth multistage combustion mode and staged air distribution, reverse burning in the burning disposal process, thereby guaranteed abundant burning and the after-flame of discarded object under high-temperature oxygen-enriched condition, reached the not purpose of organic intermediate product of emission hazard human health.Structurally, the present invention has adopted a kind of between the fixed bed of routine and the multiple-hearth between the moving bed, it is the fixed grate moving bed, both overcome conventional fixed bed not easy-to-discharge slag, be difficult to the continuously shortcoming of operation, solved the problems such as rotatable parts poor reliability that conventional moving bed complex structure, installation and maintenance difficulty are big, work in the high-temperature region again.Furnace wall adopts air-cooled structure simultaneously, and the furnace wall that both adequately protected again fully to the environment thermal insulation, can make and keep sufficiently high temperature in the combustion chamber; In addition, air-cooled structure has also alleviated furnace wall weight, and has strengthened the intensity and the rigidity of body of heater, can improve the equipment reliability of operation, reduces maintenance workload.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention, has represented to adopt the concrete structure of the two poles of the earth multiple-hearth.
Now each component names in the accompanying drawing is described below:
1. feeder 2. one-level burners 3. combustion chambers 4. higher level's multiple-hearths, 5. subordinate's multiple-hearths, 6. secondary burner 7. final stage fire grates, 8. dreg removing system 9. secondary furnaces, 10. spout 11. insulation materials, 12. air blanketings or airduct 13. refractory materials 14. heat exchangers 15. dedusters 16. chimneys
Describe operation principle of the present invention, structure and preferred forms in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Discarded object is sent into higher level's multiple-hearth 4 in the combustion chamber 3 by feeder 1, and this pool furnace row is the inclination mode, and fire grate is made up of the airduct of band blast cap.Discarded object moves under the strength effect to low side from high-end, forms mobile bed, i.e. the fixed grate moving bed.The bed of material is finished preheating, drying, is caught fire and process such as burning under the high temperature action of one-level burner 2.Unburnt thereon solid particle leaks down or the subordinate's multiple-hearth 5 that bleeds from the hole of this fire grate low side from multiple-hearth 4, burns away.High-end and low side higher level's fire grate of subordinate's fire grate is close, and both incline directions are opposite.After 5 burnings of multiple-hearth 4 and multiple-hearth, most solid combustibles are after-flame all, and the remaining combustible of seldom measuring falls on the fire grate 7 of bottom, combustion chamber with ashes.With stratiform or the thorough after-flame of local fluidization mode, the lime-ash in afterburnt is discharged by dreg removing system 8 on fire grate 7 for the high-temperature region that passage in transit secondary burner 6 produces, these combustibles.Like this, the solid waste that enters combustion chamber 3 from feeding mechanism 1 through the burning of multiple tracks bed after abundant after-flame, no matter and it is inflammable or difficult combustion, this is the combustion process of solid constituent.
In the burning process of above-mentioned discarded object, because of be heated, imperfect combustion and cracking meeting generate or discharge the flammable matter of a large amount of gaseous organic substances, these gaseous organic substances are flammable, and the confrontation health is influential.If comprise high polymers such as rubber, plastics in the discarded object, they also can discharge the flammable matter of multiple gaseous organic substance (as furans, dioxin etc.) through cracking repeatedly, these materials have carcinogenic danger to human body, they need be under higher temperature, plentiful oxygen and enough time of staying abundant after-flame.For reaching this purpose, the present invention connects a secondary furnace after the combustion chamber, and arranges the spout 10 of two or more burners and one or more preheated airs along flue gas flow.From accompanying drawing as can be seen, from the flammable matter of gaseous organic substance of multiple-hearth 4,5 in combustion chamber 3 fire burns, unburnt part is subjected to the flame heat of secondary burner 6, to keep sufficiently high temperature with flue gas flow direction secondary furnace 9 in the way.The preheated air of fire grate 7 and spout 10 ejections has guaranteed high temperature, the excess oxygen of secondary furnace.3 to the longer flow process of secondary furnace 9 outlets and lower flue gas flow rate from the combustion chamber, has guaranteed that the flammable matter of gaseous organic substance has enough time of staying in high-temperature oxygen-enriched zone, to guarantee its sufficient after-flame.
Furnace wall adopts air-cooled structure, and promptly furnace wall is made up of three parts: middle be air blanketing or airduct 12, near the stove inboard be refractory masses 13, there is heat-insulation layer 11 in the outside.Like this, not only protected furnace wall, again fully to the environment thermal insulation, can make and keep sufficiently high temperature in combustion chamber and the secondary furnace, generally its mean temperature should remain on more than 800 ℃; Combustion exit, floor chamber excess air coefficient is more than 1.5.The exit of secondary furnace 9 is provided with heat exchanger 14, is used on the one hand heat recovery, on the other hand also for flue-gas temperature being reduced to deduster 9 and the working range that allows of air-introduced machine thereafter.The solid particle (dust) that contains in the flue gas of heat exchanger 14 outlet separates dust and delivers in the lime-ash case through deduster 15 from flue gas.The not ash-laden gas of discharging from deduster enters atmosphere from chimney 16 behind air-introduced machine or directly.
Claims (2)
1. the device of an incineration of solid waste, it comprises feeder, combustion chamber, secondary furnace, burner, heat exchanger, deduster, supply air system and lime-ash gathering system, be provided with multistage inclined grate in the described combustion chamber, its underpart is provided with the final stage fire grate, and arrange the spout of a plurality of burners and preheated air along flue gas flow, it is characterized in that described multistage inclined grate and final stage fire grate adopt fixed grate, described fixed grate is made up of the airduct of band blast cap, and the bottom of combustion chamber is connected with the bottom of secondary furnace.
2. according to the device of the described a kind of incineration of solid waste of claim 1, it is characterized in that the furnace wall of described combustion chamber and secondary furnace adopts air-cooled structure, promptly furnace wall adopts air blanketing or airduct, refractory material and insulation material to constitute.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98100267 CN1109848C (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Method and device for incineration of solid waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98100267 CN1109848C (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Method and device for incineration of solid waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1224134A CN1224134A (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| CN1109848C true CN1109848C (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98100267 Expired - Fee Related CN1109848C (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Method and device for incineration of solid waste |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1109848C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102425785B (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-02-19 | 清华大学 | Biomass combustion equipment with double fire grates |
| CN105020719B (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-07-21 | 张璟 | Multi-functional inverse formula garbage disposer |
| CN106196080A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 北京保利洁科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of solid waste resource recovery |
| CN106051776A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-26 | 北京保利洁科技发展有限公司 | Method for treating solid waste through incineration |
| CN117515560A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-06 | 江苏绿景环保设备有限公司 | Incinerator for precious metal recovery and use method thereof |
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1998
- 1998-01-23 CN CN 98100267 patent/CN1109848C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1224134A (en) | 1999-07-28 |
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