CN108870398B9 - Small-sized household garbage incinerator - Google Patents
Small-sized household garbage incinerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN108870398B9 CN108870398B9 CN201810858000.3A CN201810858000A CN108870398B9 CN 108870398 B9 CN108870398 B9 CN 108870398B9 CN 201810858000 A CN201810858000 A CN 201810858000A CN 108870398 B9 CN108870398 B9 CN 108870398B9
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- garbage
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a small household garbage incinerator, which belongs to the field of small household garbage incinerators, and utilizes the characteristic design that household garbage incinerators can carbonize and agglomerate in a high-temperature environment, wherein the inner cavity of the incinerator is sequentially provided with an ash chamber, a combustion chamber, an annular inclined material blocking step, a drying and carbonizing chamber and a flue gas secondary combustion chamber from bottom to top. When the invention is operated, garbage piled up at the top of the combustion chamber is baked into carbon by flame of the combustion chamber, and then is bonded into dome-shaped carbon particles, the carbon particles are burnt vigorously, the carbon particles can fall off to a fire bar at the lower part of the combustion chamber to form a garbage carbon particle combustion layer, because the combustion chamber burns high-temperature garbage carbon particles, the furnace temperature reaches above 850 ℃ during operation, continuous production can be realized without adding any auxiliary fuel, toxic substances such as dioxin in the flue gas are thoroughly cracked, and the flue gas can reach the standard after being purified by a flue gas purification system and is discharged after reaching the standard. The invention has the advantages of lower running and construction cost, simple structure, thorough garbage incineration, practicality and durability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of small household garbage incinerators, and particularly relates to a small household garbage incinerator.
Background
Due to various condition limitations, a great part of current village and town domestic garbage treatment still adopts landfill mode treatment. A large amount of landfill is a long-standing pollution source, has caused obvious threat and harm to groundwater, soil and the like, and occupies a large amount of land.
The waste incineration can realize reduction, harmless and recycling of the waste, and is considered as one of the better methods for waste disposal. However, when garbage is incinerated, toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin are easily generated, and the toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin start to crack at 705 ℃, and the cracking can be fully performed only by keeping the temperature above 850 ℃ for more than 2 seconds.
Even if toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin are fully cracked at high temperature, small amount of dioxin can be regenerated under the catalysis of HCL and CuCL2 in the process of cooling and discharging the flue gas. Research shows that the smoke is rapidly cooled from above 850 ℃ to below 220 ℃ within 4 seconds, and the regeneration of dioxin is very low.
Because part villages and towns are far away from large-scale garbage incineration plants in cities, the garbage incineration plants need to be built, and because the garbage incinerator is simple in design, low in incineration temperature and slow in flue gas cooling, the flue gas emission of the garbage incinerator cannot reach the national emission standard.
Because the village and town domestic garbage has complex components and low heat value, the garbage incineration often needs to add auxiliary fuel to reach more than 850 ℃, thus increasing the operation cost.
At present, the domestic incinerator with the flue gas emission meeting the standard is generally a large-sized incinerator, is not suitable for daily treatment of less than 15 tons of household garbage, has high construction and operation costs, and is not used in villages and towns, so that a small-sized household garbage incinerator with low construction and operation costs and suitable for daily treatment of 8-15 tons of household garbage is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small household garbage incinerator, thereby solving the defects of high equipment and operation cost when the existing incinerator conforming to the standard is a large incinerator and daily disposal of household garbage below 15 tons is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a small-sized garbage incinerator, the inner cavity of which comprises:
the ash chamber is arranged in the ash chamber,
the combustion chamber is arranged at the top end of the ash chamber and is communicated with the ash chamber;
the annular inclined material blocking step is arranged at the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the inner holes of the annular inclined material blocking step are communicated with the inner cavity of the ash chamber and the top of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber;
the drying carbonization chamber is arranged at the top end of the combustion chamber and is communicated with the combustion chamber;
the flue gas secondary combustion chamber is arranged at the top end of the drying and carbonizing chamber and is communicated with the drying and carbonizing chamber; and
the flue gas total outlet is arranged at the top end of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and is communicated with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber.
Further, the ash chamber is cylindrical, an ash outlet is formed in the side face of the ash chamber, a door-type cover plate is arranged at the ash outlet, and a row of pluggable fire bars are arranged at the top of the ash chamber.
Furthermore, the fire bars are made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel seamless tubes, and detachable handles are arranged on the fire bars.
Further, the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is cylindrical, the diameter of the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking table is equal to that of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, the outer diameter of the annular inclined material blocking step is 550-650 mm larger than that of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, the diameter of the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonizing chamber is equal to that of the annular inclined material blocking step, and the centripetal inclination angle of the annular inclined material blocking step is 30-45 degrees.
Further, the inner wall of the combustion chamber is built by using refractory bricks, the periphery of the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion air annular pipeline, and the bottom of the combustion air annular pipeline is provided with a plurality of ash falling vent holes; the bottom of the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline is provided with a slope; the slope and the top end and the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline form a gap; the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline, namely one side of the slope, is provided with a combustion air outlet; a vent hole is arranged between the other side of the slope and the top of the combustion air annular pipeline, the vent holes are respectively communicated with a combustion air outlet, and the combustion air outlet is communicated with the combustion chamber; a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the combustion air annular pipeline, and the ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer wall of the combustion air annular pipeline.
Further, the upper part of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonizing chamber is communicated with the lower part of the inner cavity of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber to form an integrated truncated cone-shaped cavity, the inner walls of the drying and carbonizing chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber are built by adopting refractory bricks, and the diameter of the upper part of the truncated cone-shaped cavity is 150-250 mm smaller than that of the lower part of the truncated cone-shaped cavity.
Furthermore, four flues are uniformly distributed on the inner walls of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber, the lower flue gas inlets of the four flues are all arranged on the annular inclined material blocking step, and the four flues are all provided with flue gas outlets which are communicated with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber; the lower flue gas inlet is communicated with an inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step, the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step is communicated with the outside air, and an inclined cover plate is arranged at a position close to the inner wall of the drying and carbonizing chamber; the middle lower parts of the four flues are respectively provided with a flue gas middle inlet and a flue gas upper inlet, and the flue gas middle inlet and the flue gas upper inlet are both communicated with the middle lower part of the drying carbonization chamber.
Further, a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner walls of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and the shell.
Further, the combustion chamber has a diameter of no more than 1.2 meters.
Further, the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber is 850 ℃ or higher.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the small household garbage incinerator is designed by utilizing the characteristic that household garbage incineration can be carbonized and agglomerated in a high-temperature environment, garbage is arranged at the top of a combustion chamber and is stacked and baked into charcoal, when the small household garbage incinerator operates, the garbage stacked at the top of the combustion chamber is baked into charcoal by high-temperature flame of the combustion chamber and then is bonded into a dome shape, the dome shape is blocked at the top of the combustion chamber by an annular inclined blocking step, the high-temperature gas is in contact with high-temperature gas at the top of the combustion chamber due to the fact that the lower part of the dome is in contact with oxygen, the charcoal particles are fiercely combusted, part of the charcoal particles fall onto a grate at the lower part of the combustion chamber in the combustion process, a charcoal particle combustion layer is formed, and because the combustion chamber burns high-temperature garbage charcoal particles, the combustion temperature is up to above 850 ℃, and the garbage incineration is particularly thorough, difficult to burn watermelon and other objects, and the like, can be thoroughly burned into ash, and the garbage can be completely incinerated.
2. The small-sized household garbage incinerator can continuously produce the garbage without adding any auxiliary fuel except for starting ignition when the temperature of the incinerator reaches above 850 ℃ during production operation; the incineration temperature is high, toxic substances such as dioxin in the flue gas are thoroughly cracked, the flue gas can reach the emission standard after being purified by the flue gas purification system, the operation and construction cost is low, the structure is simple, the device is practical and durable, 8-15 tons of household garbage with low heat value and high moisture content can be treated daily, and the device is suitable for villages and towns with 10000-20000 population.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawing in the description below is only one embodiment of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of A-A cut-away of a compact household garbage incinerator structure according to the present invention (schematic view of vertical cut-away of the incinerator structure).
FIG. 2 is a schematic C-C sectional view (schematic horizontal sectional view of a drying and carbonizing chamber) of the small-sized household garbage incinerator structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the small-sized refuse incinerator according to the present invention in section D-D (schematic view of the combustion chamber in section horizontal at the lower inlet of flue gas).
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the small-sized garbage incinerator according to the present invention in section E-E (schematic view of the combustion chamber in horizontal section).
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a B-B cut-away of the construction of the small-sized domestic garbage incinerator of the present invention (schematic view of the combustion air duct and the combustion chamber flue in vertical cut-away).
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of A-A cut-away of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to the present invention in operation (schematic view of vertical cut-away of garbage stratification in operation).
Fig. 7 is a front elevational view of the compact household garbage incinerator system of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a rear elevational view of the compact household garbage incinerator system of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a left side elevational view of the compact household garbage incinerator system of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a left side elevation view of the small garbage incinerator system of the present invention with the hopper lifted to limit.
FIG. 11 is a left side elevational view of the small household garbage incinerator system of the present invention with the hopper turned over;
wherein: 1-ash chamber, 2-fire bar, 3-ash falling vent hole, 4-combustion chamber, 5-ceramic fiber heat insulation layer, 6-combustion air annular pipeline, 7-annular inclined material blocking step, 8-drying carbonization chamber, 9-drying carbonization chamber and inner wall of flue gas secondary combustion chamber, 10-steel shell, 11-flue gas secondary combustion chamber, 12-limiter, 13-flue gas total outlet, 14-ceramic fiber module, 15-flue, 16-flue gas lower inlet, 17-circulating flue gas outlet, 18-cover plate turner, 19-combustion chamber inner wall, 20-combustion air annular pipeline air inlet, 21-inclined cover plate, 22-flue gas middle inlet, 23-flue gas upper inlet, 24-smoke outlet, 25-slope, 26-combustion air outlet, 27-vent hole, 28-ash layer, 29-garbage carbon particle combustion layer, 30-garbage carbon particle release layer, 31-garbage carbonization caking layer, 32-void area, 33-dry garbage layer, 34-garbage drying layer, 35-liquid medicine pond, 36-smoke purifier, 37-high temperature smoke pipeline, 38-induced draft fan, 39-purified smoke pipeline, 40-hydraulic lifter, 41-blower, 42-observation platform, 43-combustion air inlet, 44-gate type sealing cover plate, 45-turnover type sealing cover plate, 46-cylinder, 47-high temperature resistant valve, 48-chimney, 49-gate type cover plate, 50-gate type heat insulation cover plate, 51-a charging hopper.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is shown, however, only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the small-sized garbage incinerator provided by the present invention employs a cylindrical steel housing 10 for convenience of factory production and field installation. The inner cavity of the incinerator is divided into the following parts in sequence from bottom to top according to the functions: the ash chamber 1, the combustion chamber 4, the annular inclined material blocking step 7, the drying carbonization chamber 8 and the smoke secondary combustion chamber 11, wherein a smoke total outlet 13 is formed in the upper part of the smoke secondary combustion chamber 11, and a ceramic fiber module 14 suspended ceiling is adopted at the top of the smoke secondary combustion chamber 11, so that heat loss is reduced, and the weight of the incinerator is reduced.
As shown in fig. 7, the flue gas main outlet 13 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas pipeline 37 which is communicated with a flue gas inlet of the flue gas purifier 36, a flue gas outlet of the flue gas purifier 36 is communicated with an air inlet of the induced draft fan 38, an air outlet of the induced draft fan 38 is communicated with an inlet of the purified flue gas pipeline 39, and an outlet of the purified flue gas pipeline 39 is communicated with a chimney 48. The flue gas main outlet 13 is connected with the lower part of the high temperature resistant valve 47, and the upper part of the high temperature resistant valve 47 is connected with the bottom of the chimney 48. The high temperature resistant valve 47 is controlled by an electromagnet, and is closed and opened when power is lost.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 8, the ash chamber 1 is provided with an ash outlet provided with a gate cover plate 49. The top of the ash chamber 1 is provided with a row of pluggable furnace bars 2, and the furnace bars 2 are made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel seamless tubes. The handle is arranged on the fire bars 2, the fire bars 2 can be connected with or separated from the handle in the plug operation, and the interval between the fire bars 2 can be adjusted according to the ignition or operation requirement.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the inner wall 19 of the combustion chamber is built by adopting refractory bricks, the periphery of the combustion chamber 4 is provided with a combustion air annular pipeline 6, and the bottom of the combustion air annular pipeline 6 is provided with a plurality of ash falling vent holes 3, so that the ash falling vent holes 3 are communicated with the air of the ash chamber 1, and deposited ash can fall into the ash chamber 1 to keep the pipeline air smooth. The bottom of the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline 6 is provided with a slope 25, and the direction of the slope 25 faces the inner wall 19 of the combustion chamber so as to enable accumulated ash to fall down to the combustion chamber 4; the slope 25 forms a gap with the top end and the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline 6; the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline 6, namely one side of the slope 25, is provided with three combustion air outlets 26, and the three combustion air outlets 26 are communicated with the combustion chamber 4; three ventilation holes 27 are arranged between the other side of the slope and the top of the combustion air annular pipeline 6, and the three ventilation holes 27 are respectively communicated with three combustion air outlets 26 so as to keep the air of the combustion air annular pipeline 6 smooth. A ceramic fiber heat insulation layer 5 is arranged between the inner wall 19 of the combustion chamber and the combustion air annular pipeline 6, and the ceramic fiber heat insulation layer 5 is also arranged on the outer wall of the combustion air annular pipeline 6 so as to reduce heat loss.
With further reference to fig. 1 and 3, the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4 is cylindrical, the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4 is provided with an annular inclined material blocking step 7, the diameter of the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step 7 (i.e. the diameter of the lower end of the annular inclined material blocking step 7) is equal to the diameter of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4 (since the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step 7 is communicated with the upper portion of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4 and has the same diameter, the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step 7 is also regarded as an inner cavity component part of the combustion chamber 4 according to the function of the inner hole), the outer diameter of the annular inclined material blocking step 7 (i.e. the diameter of the upper end of the annular inclined material blocking step 7) is 600 mm larger than the diameter of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4, the top of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4 is communicated with the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step 7, the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step 7 is communicated with the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying carbonization chamber 8, the diameter of the inner cavity bottom of the drying carbonization chamber 8 is equal to the outer diameter of the annular inclined material blocking step 7, and the centripetal inclination angle of the annular inclined material blocking step 7 is 30-45 degrees, so that when the garbage can be blocked, and the garbage can fall down to the ash and the garbage can be easily to the combustion chamber 4.
As shown in fig. 5, the upper part of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonizing chamber 8 is communicated with the lower part of the inner cavity of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 to form an integrated truncated cone-shaped cavity, the inner walls 9 of the drying and carbonizing chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber are built by refractory bricks, and the diameter of the upper part of the truncated cone-shaped cavity is 200 mm smaller than that of the lower part. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, four flues 15 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall 9 of the drying and carbonizing chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber, four flue gas lower inlets 16 of the four flues 15 are uniformly distributed on the annular inclined material blocking step 7, and the four flues 15 are respectively provided with a flue gas outlet 24 which is communicated with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11, so that part of the flue gas of the combustion chamber can be led into the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 during operation. The lower flue gas inlet 16 is communicated with the inner hole of the annular inclined blocking step 7, the inner hole of the annular inclined blocking step 7 is communicated with the outside air, and an inclined cover plate 21 is arranged outside the inner wall of the lower flue gas inlet 16, which is close to the drying carbonization chamber, so that the smoothness of the flue gas is facilitated. The middle lower parts of the four flues 15 are respectively provided with a flue gas middle inlet 22 and a flue gas upper inlet 23, the flue gas middle inlet 22 and the flue gas upper inlet 23 are respectively communicated with the middle lower part of the drying and carbonizing chamber 8, and gas generated by partial drying and carbonizing can be guided into the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 during operation. A ceramic fiber heat insulation layer 5 is arranged between the inner wall 9 of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and the shell so as to reduce heat loss.
As shown in fig. 3, 5 and 7, one flue 15 of the four flues 15 is provided with a circulating flue gas outlet 17, the circulating flue gas outlet 17 is provided with a high resistance valve which is communicated with a combustion air pipeline, the combustion air pipeline is provided with a combustion air inlet 43, the combustion air inlet 43 is provided with a valve which can control the combustion air pipeline to be communicated with the air outside the furnace, the combustion air pipeline outlet is communicated with an air inlet of a blower 41, and an air outlet of the blower 41 is communicated with an air inlet 20 of a combustion air annular pipeline. And when in operation, the valve is regulated to control the proportion of the high-temperature flue gas and the combustion air, the combustion air is heated to 250-280 ℃ by using the high-temperature flue gas, and then the high-temperature flue gas is blown into the combustion chamber 4 for combustion supporting.
As shown in fig. 8, the lower part of the drying and carbonizing chamber 8 is provided with an operation port provided with a door-type heat insulation cover plate 50, and if a fault such as a blockage is encountered during operation, the operation port can be opened for operation elimination.
With continued reference to fig. 8 and 9, the lower part of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 is provided with an observation port, the observation port is provided with a door type sealing cover plate 44, the door type sealing cover plate 44 is provided with a high-temperature-resistant glass observation mirror, and when the flue gas secondary combustion chamber is in operation, the pile height of garbage in the furnace can be observed, and after the garbage is fed, the door type sealing cover plate 44 can be opened to level the garbage. The lower part outside the observation port is provided with an observation platform 42, the observation platform 42 is provided with a stair, and an operator can walk on the observation platform 42 from the stair to observe or operate.
With continued reference to fig. 9 and 10, the lower part of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 is further provided with a feed port, the feed port is provided with a turnover sealing cover plate 45, the turnover sealing cover plate 45 is connected with one end of a cover plate turner 18, the other end of the cover plate turner 18 is connected with the outer side of the top of the incinerator, an air cylinder 46 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the top of the incinerator, the air cylinder 46 is connected with the other end of the cover plate turner 18, the cover plate turner 18 can be driven to open and close the feed port through the air cylinder 46, the feed port in fig. 9 is in a closed state, the feed port in fig. 10 is in an open state, and limiters 12 are arranged at two sides outside the feed port.
With further reference to fig. 10 and 11, the hydraulic lifter 40 and the hopper 51 arranged on the hydraulic lifter 40 are used for feeding, the turnover sealing cover plate 45 of the feeding port is firstly opened during feeding, the hydraulic lifter 40 lifts the hopper 51 filled with firewood or garbage, and when the limit rod at the lower part of the hopper port is hooked by the limiters 12 fixed at two sides of the hopper port, the hopper port can not be lifted any more as shown in fig. 10; when the hydraulic hoist 40 continues to lift again, as shown in fig. 11, the tail of the hopper 51 is raised, the hopper 51 is turned over, and firewood or garbage in the hopper 51 is poured into the incinerator. After the pouring, the elevator descends, the feeding hopper 51 is turned down, the feeding hopper 51 descends continuously, the hydraulic elevator 40 stops working after the feeding hopper 51 descends to the ground, and then the turnover type sealing cover plate 45 of the feeding port is closed.
When the device is operated, one of the three ports, namely the operation port, the observation port and the feeding port, can be opened. Due to the action of the induced draft fan 38, the incinerator is operated under negative pressure, and the incinerator can only suck air inwards, so that no smoke overflows to pollute the surrounding environment when the operation port or the observation port or the feeding port is opened.
With continued reference to fig. 7, since the direct discharge of the smoke may pollute the surrounding environment, the small-sized living incinerator of the present invention is provided with a smoke purifier 36, and the lower portion of the smoke purifier 36 is immersed in the liquid medicine tank 35 to a height of about 400 mm so as to resist the negative pressure of the smoke purifier 36, and thus external air cannot enter the smoke purifier 36. The interior of the flue gas purifier 36 is sequentially divided into a flue gas liquid penetrating device, a flue gas sprayer and a demister from bottom to top, flue gas firstly enters a flue gas liquid penetrating device cavity, then is dispersed and immersed in a small pipe 40 mm below the liquid surface from the flue gas liquid penetrating device cavity to be discharged out of the liquid surface, then sequentially enters the flue gas sprayer, the demister, the induced draft fan 38, the purified flue gas pipeline 39 and the chimney 48, and is discharged from an outlet of the chimney 48. So that the flue gas purifier 36 has the characteristics of quick flue gas cooling, good purification reaction and thorough demisting and dedusting, and the flue gas discharged after being purified by the flue gas purifier 36 can reach the discharge standard.
The small-sized household garbage incinerator can continuously run by igniting once, dry firewood is filled in the combustion chamber 4 before igniting, household garbage with the height of about 1.8 meters is stacked in the drying and carbonizing chamber 8 on the firewood, the operation opening, the observation opening and the feeding opening are closed, the ash outlet is opened, the induced draft fan 38 is started, the firewood is ignited through the grate 2, the blower 41 is started, the proportion of high-temperature flue gas and combustion air is controlled by the valve, the firewood is combusted at the high temperature in the combustion chamber 4, and the garbage is subjected to the high-temperature baking effect of the flame of the lower combustion chamber 4, so that the garbage drying layer 34, the drying and carbonizing layer 33, the garbage carbonizing and agglomerating layer 31 and the garbage carbon particle release layer 30 are sequentially formed from top to bottom, as shown in fig. 6. The garbage carbonization caking layer 31 is bonded into an integral hard block and is blocked by the annular inclined material blocking step 7 at the lower part of the drying carbonization chamber 8, so that the garbage carbonization caking layer cannot fall down, a dome is formed at the top of the combustion chamber 4, the high-temperature gas is in contact with high-temperature gas at the top of the combustion chamber 4 due to oxygen, carbon particles are violently combusted due to oxygen, the carbon particles are loosened and fall off in the combustion process, the garbage carbon particle loosening layer 30 is formed at the lower layer of the dome, the carbon particles falling to the upper part of the grate 2 at the lower part of the combustion chamber 4 form the garbage carbon particle combustion layer 29 to continue to combust, and the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber 4 is higher than 850 ℃, so that the garbage incineration is particularly thorough, and the fire-resistant materials such as watermelons are thoroughly combusted as ash.
In operation, the operator operates as appropriate to the incineration, hooking the ashes in the grate gaps, allowing them to fall down to the ash chamber 1, forming an ash bed 28.
In operation, operators need to observe the garbage stacking height in the furnace, if the garbage in the furnace is too small, timely open the feeding port to supplement the garbage, open the observing port after the garbage is supplemented, and level the garbage by using a special tool.
In operation, the combustion temperature should not be higher than 950 ℃, otherwise the ashes tend to agglomerate, and the operator has to observe the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber 4. If the combustion temperature is too high, the rotation speeds of the induced draft fan 38 and the blower 41 should be adjusted to reduce the air quantity. If the burning temperature is too high to cause the ash to agglomerate or the block of the big brick, part of the furnace bars 2 should be pulled out, the agglomerated ash is hooked off, and then the furnace bars 2 are inserted.
In operation, since the drying and carbonizing chamber 8 and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 are an integrated circular truncated cone-shaped cavity, the lower part is large and small, and garbage continuously falls down after running, an annular gap area 32 is formed between the garbage at the lower part of the drying and carbonizing chamber 8 and the furnace wall, and the annular gap area 32 is thinner to the garbage layer between the top of the combustion chamber 4, high-temperature gas at the top of the combustion chamber 4 easily passes through the gap between the garbage to enter the gap area 32, then enters the flue 15 from the inlet 22 in flue gas in the gap area 32 and the upper inlet 23 in the flue gas, and is led into the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11, so that the garbage carbonization and combustion on the annular inclined material blocking step 7 are accelerated.
In operation, because the garbage is carbonized at high temperature, the combustible gas is thermally decomposed, and because the oxygen in the carbonized layer is insufficient, the combustible gas cannot be completely combusted, and the gas passes through gaps among the garbage to enter the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11, and is fully combusted in the oxygen-enriched high-temperature environment of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11. Because the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber 4 and the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 11 is higher than 850 ℃, toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin are thoroughly cracked at high temperature, and because the flue gas enters the flue gas purifier 36 for purification and is rapidly cooled to below 200 ℃, the regeneration of dioxin is extremely little, and the flue gas can reach the emission standards after being purified by the flue gas purifier 36.
In operation, if power is cut off for other reasons, the induced draft fan 38 and the blower 41 stop running, the flue gas cannot pass through the liquid medicine to enter the purifier, the high temperature resistant valve 47 between the flue gas main outlet 13 and the bottom of the chimney 48 is opened due to power failure, the flue gas is directly discharged, and an operator needs to quickly close the ash outlet and the combustion air inlet 43 so as to prevent the incinerator from being cooled too quickly and reduce the service life of the incinerator.
The diameter of the combustion chamber of the small-sized domestic incinerator is designed according to the garbage treatment capacity and the garbage quality, but the garbage carbonization caking strength is not very high under the condition that the furnace temperature is below 1000 ℃, so that the diameter of the combustion chamber is not more than 1.2 meters, otherwise, the strength of a garbage carbonization caking layer is not enough during operation, garbage carbon particles are easy to collapse into the combustion chamber, a dome cannot be formed, and the preset function of the incinerator cannot be realized.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A small-size domestic waste burns burning furnace, its characterized in that: the inner cavity comprises:
the ash chamber is arranged in the ash chamber,
the combustion chamber is arranged at the top end of the ash chamber and is communicated with the ash chamber;
the annular inclined material blocking step is arranged at the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the inner holes of the annular inclined material blocking step are communicated with the inner cavity of the ash chamber and the top of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber;
the drying carbonization chamber is arranged at the top end of the combustion chamber and is communicated with the combustion chamber;
the flue gas secondary combustion chamber is arranged at the top end of the drying and carbonizing chamber and is communicated with the drying and carbonizing chamber; and
the flue gas main outlet is arranged at the top end of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and is communicated with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber;
the upper part of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonizing chamber is communicated with the lower part of the inner cavity of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber to form an integrated truncated cone-shaped cavity, the inner walls of the drying and carbonizing chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber are built by refractory bricks, and the diameter of the upper part of the truncated cone-shaped cavity is 150-250 mm smaller than that of the lower part of the truncated cone-shaped cavity;
in operation, as the drying and carbonizing chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber are an integrated circular table-shaped cavity, the lower part is large and small, and garbage continuously falls down after running, an annular gap area is formed between the garbage at the lower part of the drying and carbonizing chamber and the furnace wall, and the garbage layer between the annular gap area and the top of the combustion chamber is thinner, high-temperature gas at the top of the combustion chamber easily passes through the gap between the garbage and enters the gap area, then enters a flue from an inlet in flue gas in the gap area and an upper inlet in the flue gas, and is led into the flue gas secondary combustion chamber, so that the carbonization and combustion of the garbage on the annular inclined material blocking step are accelerated;
the combustion chamber has a diameter of not more than 1.2 meters.
2. A compact household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ash chamber is cylindrical, an ash outlet is arranged on the side face of the ash chamber, a door-type cover plate is arranged on the ash outlet, and a row of pluggable fire bars are arranged on the top of the ash chamber.
3. A compact household garbage incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fire bar is made of a high-temperature-resistant stainless steel seamless tube, and a detachable handle is arranged on the fire bar.
4. A compact household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is cylindrical, the diameter of the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking table is equal to that of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, the outer diameter of the annular inclined material blocking step is 550-650 mm larger than that of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, the diameter of the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonizing chamber is equal to that of the annular inclined material blocking step, and the centripetal inclination angle of the annular inclined material blocking step is 30-45 degrees.
5. The small garbage incinerator according to claim 4, wherein: the inner wall of the combustion chamber is built by refractory bricks, the periphery of the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion air annular pipeline, and the bottom of the combustion air annular pipeline is provided with a plurality of ash falling vent holes; the bottom of the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline is provided with a slope; the slope and the top end and the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline form a gap; the inner side of the combustion air annular pipeline, namely one side of the slope, is provided with a combustion air outlet; a vent hole is arranged between the other side of the slope and the top of the combustion air annular pipeline, the vent holes are respectively communicated with a combustion air outlet, and the combustion air outlet is communicated with the combustion chamber; a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the combustion air annular pipeline, and the ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer wall of the combustion air annular pipeline.
6. A compact household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: four flues are uniformly distributed on the inner walls of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber, the lower flue gas inlets of the four flues are all arranged on the annular inclined material blocking step, and the four flues are all provided with flue gas outlets which are communicated with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber; the lower flue gas inlet is communicated with an inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step, the inner hole of the annular inclined material blocking step is communicated with the outside air, and an inclined cover plate is arranged at a position close to the inner wall of the drying and carbonizing chamber; the middle lower parts of the four flues are respectively provided with a flue gas middle inlet and a flue gas upper inlet, and the flue gas middle inlet and the flue gas upper inlet are both communicated with the middle lower part of the drying carbonization chamber.
7. A compact household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner walls of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and the shell.
8. A compact household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber is above 850 ℃.
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| CN201810858000.3A CN108870398B9 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2018-07-31 | Small-sized household garbage incinerator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109556119B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2024-05-14 | 浙江华祐环保产业有限公司 | Novel garbage incinerator |
| CN112066383A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-11 | 山东萨尔帕环保科技有限公司 | Secondary air return high-temperature gasification garbage incinerator |
| CN114321927A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏交航环保科技有限公司 | Pyrolysis gasifier and control method |
| CN114321928A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏交航环保科技有限公司 | Pyrolysis gasifier |
| CN114321926A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏交航环保科技有限公司 | Anti-leakage feeding device, control method and pyrolysis gasification furnace |
| CN114321929A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏交航环保科技有限公司 | Control method of smoke dust purification tower and pyrolysis gasifier |
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| CN108870398A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
| CN108870398B (en) | 2024-01-02 |
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Correction item: Description Correct: Paragraphs 1-55 of the instruction manual submitted on November 1, 2023 False: Paragraphs 1-55 of the specification submitted on the application date Number: 01-01 Page: ?? Volume: 40 |
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