CN108870398A - Small-sized living garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a small domestic waste incinerator, which belongs to the field of small domestic waste incinerators. It is designed by utilizing the characteristic that domestic waste will be charred and agglomerated in a high-temperature environment. The inner cavity of the incinerator is an ash chamber and a combustion chamber from bottom to top , Ring-shaped oblique material retaining steps, drying and carbonization chamber and flue gas secondary combustion chamber. When the present invention is in operation, the garbage accumulated on the top of the combustion chamber is baked into charcoal by the flame of the combustion chamber and then bonded into dome-shaped carbon particles. A burning layer of garbage carbon particles is formed on the strip. Since the combustion chamber burns high-temperature garbage carbon particles, the furnace temperature reaches above 850°C during operation, and the production can continue without adding any auxiliary fuel. Dioxins and other toxic substances in the flue gas After being completely cracked, the flue gas can be discharged up to the standard after being purified by the flue gas purification system. The invention has lower operation and construction costs, simple structure, complete waste incineration, and is practical and durable.

Description

Small domestic waste incinerator

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of small household garbage incinerators, in particular to small household garbage incinerators.

Background technique

Due to various constraints, a considerable part of domestic waste in villages and towns is still disposed of by landfill. A large amount of landfill is a long-standing pollution source, which has caused obvious threats and harm to groundwater and soil, and occupies a large amount of land.

Waste incineration can realize the reduction, harmlessness and recycling of waste, and is considered to be one of the better ways to deal with waste. However, when incinerating garbage, it is easy to generate toxic gases such as dioxins. The toxic gases such as dioxins begin to crack at 705°C, and need to be kept at a temperature above 850°C for more than 2 seconds to fully crack.

Even if toxic substances such as dioxins are fully cracked at high temperature, a small amount of dioxins will be regenerated under the catalytic action of HCL and CuCL2 during the cooling and emission of flue gas. Studies have shown that the flue gas is rapidly cooled from above 850°C to below 220°C within 4 seconds, and the effect of dioxin regeneration is very low.

Because some villages and towns are far away from large-scale waste incineration plants in cities, they need to build their own waste incinerators, and because the design of waste incinerators is relatively simple, the incineration temperature is low, and the cooling of the flue gas is slow, the flue gas emissions cannot meet the national emission standards.

Due to the complex composition and low calorific value of domestic waste in villages and towns, waste incineration often needs to add supplementary fuel to reach above 850°C, which increases the operating cost.

At present, the incinerators that meet the domestic flue gas emission standards are generally large-scale incinerators, which are not suitable for processing domestic garbage of less than 15 tons per day, and the construction and operation costs are high, and villages and towns cannot afford them. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low construction and operation cost. A small domestic waste incinerator that processes 8-15 tons of domestic waste per day.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small domestic waste incinerator, thereby solving the disadvantages that the existing standard incinerators are all large-scale incinerators, and the equipment and operating costs are high when processing domestic waste below 15 tons per day.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a small domestic waste incinerator, the inner cavity of which includes:

ashes chamber,

a combustion chamber, arranged on the top of the ash chamber, and communicated with the ash chamber;

An annular inclined material retaining step is arranged on the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the inner holes of the annular oblique material retaining step communicate with the inner cavity of the ash chamber and the top of the combustion chamber;

a drying carbonization chamber, which is arranged on the top of the combustion chamber and communicates with the combustion chamber;

The flue gas secondary combustion chamber is arranged on the top of the drying and carbonization chamber and communicates with the drying and carbonization chamber; and

The flue gas main outlet is arranged on the top of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and communicates with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber.

Further, the ash chamber is cylindrical, the side of the ash chamber is provided with an ash outlet, the ash outlet is provided with a door-type cover plate, and the top of the ash chamber is provided with a row of pluggable grates.

Further, the furnace bar is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel seamless pipe, and a detachable handle is provided on the furnace bar.

Further, the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is cylindrical, the diameter of the inner hole of the annular oblique material retaining platform is equal to the diameter of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, and the outer diameter of the annular oblique material retaining step is larger than that of the combustion chamber. The diameter of the inner cavity of the chamber is 550-650mm larger, and the diameter of the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonization chamber is equal to the outer diameter of the annular oblique material retaining step, and the centripetal angle of the annular oblique material retaining step is 30-45 Spend.

Further, the inner wall of the combustion chamber is built with refractory bricks, and the periphery of the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion-supporting air annular duct, and the bottom of the combustion-supporting air annular duct is provided with several ash vent holes; the inner bottom of the combustion-supporting air annular duct is provided with a slope; A gap is formed between the slope and the top and inside of the combustion-supporting air annular duct; the combustion-supporting air outlet is provided on the inner side of the combustion-supporting air annular duct, that is, one side of the slope; a ventilation hole is provided between the other side of the slope and the top of the combustion-supporting air annular duct, The ventilation holes communicate with the combustion-supporting air outlet respectively, and the combustion-supporting air outlet communicates with the combustion chamber; there is a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer between the combustion-supporting inner wall and the combustion-supporting air annular duct, and the outer wall of the combustion-supporting air annular duct is provided with There is a ceramic fiber insulation layer.

Further, the upper part of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonization chamber communicates with the lower part of the inner cavity of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber to form an integrated frustum-shaped cavity, and the inner wall 19 of the drying and carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion Built with refractory bricks, the upper diameter of the frustum-shaped cavity is 150-250 mm smaller than the lower diameter.

Further, four flues are evenly distributed on the inner walls of the drying and carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber, and the lower inlets of the four flue gas of the four flues are all set on the annular oblique stop On the steps, the four flues are provided with flue gas outlets which communicate with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber; The inner hole of the oblique retaining step communicates with the outside air, and the lower inlet of the flue gas is provided with an oblique cover plate near the inner wall of the drying and carbonization chamber; the middle and lower parts of the four flues are equipped with flue gas middle The inlet and the flue gas upper inlet, both of the flue gas middle inlet and the flue gas upper inlet communicate with the middle and lower parts of the drying and carbonization chamber.

Further, a ceramic fiber thermal insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall of the drying and carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and the shell.

Further, the diameter of the incineration chamber is no more than 1.2 meters.

Further, the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber is above 850°C.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention is designed by utilizing the characteristics that domestic waste will be carbonized and agglomerated in a high temperature environment, and the waste is arranged on the top of the combustion chamber to be stacked and baked into charcoal. When the small domestic waste incinerator is running, it will be piled up The garbage on the top of the combustion chamber is baked into charcoal by the high-temperature flame of the combustion chamber and then bonded into a dome shape. Because the high-temperature gas contains oxygen, the carbon particles are burned violently. During the combustion process, some carbon particles fall off to the furnace bar at the lower part of the combustion chamber, forming a garbage carbon particle combustion layer. Since the combustion chamber burns high-temperature garbage carbon particles, so The combustion temperature is as high as 850°C, and the garbage incineration is particularly thorough. Even refractory objects such as rotten watermelon can be completely burned to ashes, and the garbage can be completely incinerated.

2. The small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention has a furnace temperature of above 850°C during production and operation, and can continue to produce without adding any auxiliary fuel except for starting the furnace and igniting the furnace; due to the high incineration temperature, dioxins in the flue gas The toxic and harmful substances are completely cracked, and the flue gas can be discharged up to the standard after being purified by the flue gas purification system. Its operation and construction costs are low, its structure is simple, practical and durable, and it can treat 8 to 15 tons of living things with low calorific value and high moisture content per day. Garbage, suitable for villages and towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only an embodiment of the present invention. Ordinary technicians can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative work.

Fig. 1 is the A-A sectional schematic diagram (vertical sectional schematic diagram of the incinerator structure) of the structure of the small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a C-C sectional schematic diagram of the structure of the small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention (a horizontal sectional schematic diagram of the drying and carbonization chamber).

Fig. 3 is a D-D sectional schematic diagram of the structure of the small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention (a horizontal sectional schematic diagram at the lower entrance of flue gas in the combustion chamber).

Fig. 4 is the E-E sectional schematic diagram (horizontal sectional schematic diagram of the combustion chamber) of the structure of the small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a B-B sectional schematic view of the structure of the small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention (a vertical sectional schematic view of the combustion-supporting air duct and the combustion chamber flue).

Fig. 6 is an A-A sectional schematic view of the small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention in operation (a vertical sectional schematic view of stratified garbage in operation).

Fig. 7 is a front elevation view of the small domestic waste incinerator system of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a rear elevation view of the small domestic waste incinerator system of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a left elevation view of the small domestic waste incinerator system of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a left elevation view of the small domestic waste incinerator system of the present invention when the hopper is lifted to the limit.

Fig. 11 is the left elevation view when the feeding hopper of the small domestic waste incinerator system of the present invention is overturned;

Among them: 1-ash chamber, 2-furnace bar, 3-ash vent, 4-combustion chamber, 5-ceramic fiber heat insulation layer, 6-combustion-supporting air annular pipe, 7-circular are oblique retaining steps, 8- drying carbonization chamber, 9- inner wall of drying carbonization chamber and flue gas secondary combustion chamber, 10- steel shell, 11- flue gas secondary combustion chamber, 12- limiter, 13- flue gas total outlet, 14-ceramic fiber module, 15-flue, 16-lower inlet of flue gas, 17-outlet of circulating flue gas, 18-cover flipper, 19-combustion inner wall, 20-combustion air annular duct air inlet, 21 -Sloped cover plate, 22-Mid entrance of flue gas, 23-Upper entrance of flue gas, 24-Exit of flue gas, 25-Slope, 26-Exit of combustion air, 27-Ventilation hole, 28-Ash layer , 29-garbage charcoal burning layer, 30-garbage charcoal loosening layer, 31-garbage carbonization agglomeration layer, 32-void area, 33-dry garbage layer, 34-garbage drying layer, 35-medicine pool, 36-flue gas purifier, 37-high temperature flue gas pipe, 38-induced fan, 39-cleaned flue gas pipe, 40-hydraulic lifter, 41-blower, 42-observation platform, 43-combustion air inlet, 44-door Type sealing cover, 45-turning type sealing cover, 46-cylinder, 47-high temperature resistant valve, 48-chimney, 49-door type cover, 50-door heat insulation cover, 51-feeding hopper.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described below in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the small domestic waste incinerator provided by the present invention adopts a cylindrical steel shell 10 to facilitate factory production and on-site installation. According to its functions, the inner cavity of the incinerator is divided into: ash chamber 1, combustion chamber 4, circular oblique material retaining step 7, drying and carbonization chamber 8, and flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11, flue gas secondary combustion chamber The upper part of the combustion chamber 11 has a flue gas general outlet 13, and the top of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 is suspended with a ceramic fiber module 14, which not only reduces heat loss, but also reduces the weight of the incinerator.

As shown in Figure 7, the flue gas total outlet 13 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas pipe 37 connected to the flue gas inlet of the flue gas purifier 36, and the flue gas outlet of the flue gas purifier 36 is connected to the air inlet of the induced draft fan 38. Connected and communicated, the air outlet of the induced draft fan 38 is connected and communicated with the inlet of the purified flue gas pipeline 39 , and the outlet of the purified flue gas pipeline 39 is connected and communicated with the chimney 48 . The flue gas general outlet 13 is connected with the lower part of the high temperature resistant valve 47, and the upper part of the high temperature resistant valve 47 is connected with the bottom of the chimney 48 again. The high temperature resistant valve 47 is controlled by an electromagnet, it is closed when it is powered, and it is opened when it is powered off.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 8 , the ash chamber 1 is provided with an ash outlet, and the ash outlet is provided with a door-type cover plate 49 . The top of the ash chamber 1 is a row of pluggable fire bars 2, and the fire bars 2 are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel seamless pipes. The fire bar 2 is provided with a handle, and the fire bar 2 can be connected or separated from the handle for the plug-in operation, and the distance between the fire bar 2 can be adjusted according to the needs of ignition or operation.

As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the inner wall 19 of the combustion chamber is built with refractory bricks, the periphery of the combustion chamber 4 is provided with a combustion-supporting air annular duct 6, and the bottom of the combustion-supporting air annular duct 6 is provided with several ash vents 3, so that The ash vent 3 is in air communication with the ash chamber 1, and can allow the accumulated ash to fall to the ash chamber 1, so as to keep the air in the pipeline unimpeded. The inner bottom of the combustion-supporting air annular duct 6 is provided with a slope 25, and the direction of the slope 25 faces the combustion chamber wall 19, so that the accumulated ash falls to the combustion chamber 4; the slope 25 forms a gap with the top and the inner side of the combustion-supporting air annular duct 6; The inner side of the air annular duct 6, that is, one side of the slope 25 is provided with three combustion air outlets 26, and the three combustion air outlets 26 communicate with the combustion chamber 4; the other side of the slope and the top of the combustion air annular duct 6 are provided with three The ventilation holes 27, the three ventilation holes 27 communicate with the three combustion-supporting air outlets 26 respectively, so as to keep the air in the combustion-supporting air annular duct 6 unimpeded. There is a ceramic fiber thermal insulation layer 5 between the combustion chamber wall 19 and the combustion air annular duct 6, and the outer wall of the combustion air annular duct 6 is also provided with a ceramic fiber thermal insulation layer 5 to reduce heat loss.

With further reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the inner cavity of combustion chamber 4 is cylindrical, and the top of combustion chamber 4 is provided with an annular oblique type retaining step 7, and the diameter of the inner hole of annular oblique type retaining step 7 (i.e. annular The diameter of the lower end of the oblique type retaining step 7) is equal to the inner cavity diameter of the combustion chamber 4 (because the inner hole of the annular oblique type retaining step 7 communicates with the inner cavity top of the combustion chamber 4, and the diameter is the same, according to its Function, the endoporus of the annular oblique type retaining step 7 is also regarded as the inner chamber part of the combustion chamber 4), the outer diameter of the annular oblique type retaining step 7 (i.e. the upper end of the annular oblique type retaining step 7 diameter) is 600 mm larger than the diameter of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4, the top of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 4 communicates with the inner hole of the annular oblique material retaining step 7, and the inner hole of the annular oblique material retaining step 7 is connected to the drying The bottom of the inner cavity of the carbonization chamber 8 is connected, and the diameter of the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying carbonization chamber 8 is equal to the outer diameter of the annular oblique material retaining step 7, and the centripetal inclination angle of the annular oblique material retaining step 7 is 30° ~45 degrees, during operation, it can not only block the garbage from falling down, but also help the garbage charcoal particles and ash to fall into the combustion chamber 4.

As shown in Figure 5, the upper part of the inner cavity of the drying carbonization chamber 8 communicates with the lower part of the inner cavity of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 to form an integrated frustum-shaped cavity, and the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber The inner wall 9 is built with refractory bricks, and the upper diameter of the conical cavity is 200 mm smaller than the lower diameter. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the inner wall 9 of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber is evenly distributed with four flues 15, and the four flue gas lower inlets 16 of the four flues 15 are evenly distributed in the ring area. On the slanted material retaining step 7, the four flues 15 all have flue gas outlets 24 communicating with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11, so that part of the flue gas from the combustion chamber can be introduced into the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 during operation. The flue gas lower inlet 16 communicates with the inner hole of the annular inclined material retaining step 7, and the inner hole of the annular oblique material retaining step 7 communicates with the outside air, and the flue gas lower inlet 16 is close to the drying and carbonization chamber There is an inclined cover plate 21 outside the wall to facilitate the smooth flow of smoke. The middle and lower parts of the four flues 15 are all provided with a flue gas middle inlet 22 and a flue gas upper inlet 23, and the flue gas middle inlet 22 and the flue gas upper inlet 23 are all connected to the drying and carbonization chamber 8. The middle and lower parts of the flue gas are connected to each other, and part of the gas generated by drying and carbonization can be introduced into the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 during operation. A ceramic fiber thermal insulation layer 5 is arranged between the inner wall 9 of the drying carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and the shell to reduce heat loss.

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 5 and Figure 7, one of the four flue ducts 15 is provided with a circulating flue gas outlet 17, and the circulating flue gas outlet 17 is installed with a high-resistance valve to communicate with the combustion-supporting air pipe, and the combustion-supporting air The pipeline has a combustion-supporting air inlet 43, and a valve is installed on the combustion-supporting air inlet 43. The valve can control the combustion-supporting air pipeline to communicate with the air outside the furnace. The outlet of the combustion-supporting air pipeline communicates with the air inlet of the blower 41. The duct air inlets 20 communicate. During operation, adjust the valve to control the ratio of high-temperature flue gas and combustion-supporting air, use high-temperature flue gas to heat the combustion-supporting air to 250°C-280°C, and then blow it into the combustion chamber 4 to support combustion.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the lower part of the drying and carbonization chamber 8 is provided with an operation port, and the operation port is provided with a door-type heat-insulating cover plate 50 . If there is a fault such as blockage during operation, the operation port can be opened for operation and removal.

Continuing to refer to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the lower part of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 is provided with an observation port, the observation port is provided with a door-type sealing cover plate 44, and the door-type sealing cover plate 44 is provided with a high-temperature-resistant glass observation mirror, during operation, Can observe the pile height of rubbish in the furnace, after feeding, also can open door-type sealing cover plate 44 and carry out the operation of straightening rubbish. The lower part outside the observation port is provided with an observation platform 42, and the observation platform 42 is provided with stairs, and the operator can walk up the observation platform 42 from the stairs for observation or operation.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , the lower part of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 is also provided with a feeding port, and the feeding port is provided with a flip-type sealing cover plate 45, and the flip-type sealing cover plate 45 is connected to one end of the cover plate flipper 18, The other end of the cover plate turner 18 is connected to the top outside of the incinerator, and the top outside of the incinerator is fixed with a cylinder 46, which is connected to the other end of the cover plate turner 18, and the cover plate turner 18 can be driven by the cylinder 46 Carry out the operation of opening and closing the feeding port, the feeding port among Fig. 9 is a closed state, the feeding port among Fig. 10 is an open state, and both sides outside the feeding port are all provided with limiters 12.

With further reference to Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, feeding is carried out by hydraulic lifter 40 and feeding hopper 51 arranged on hydraulic lifter 40. When feeding, first open the flip-type sealing cover plate 45 of the feeding port, and hydraulic lifter 40 will load The feeding hopper 51 of firewood or rubbish is promoted, and as shown in Figure 10, when the stop bar of feeding hopper mouth bottom is hooked up by the stopper 12 that is fixed on feeding mouth both sides, feeding hopper mouth can not rise again; When hoist 40 continues to promote again, as shown in Figure 11, the afterbody of feeding hopper 51 raises, and feeding hopper 51 turns over, and firewood or rubbish in the feeding hopper 51 are poured in the incinerator. After the material has been poured, the elevator descends, and the feeding hopper 51 is flattened, and continues to descend. After the feeding hopper 51 falls to the ground, the hydraulic elevator 40 stops working, and then the flip-type sealing cover plate 45 of the feeding port is closed.

During operation, only one of the three ports of the operation port, the observation port and the feeding port can be opened. Due to the effect of the induced draft fan 38, the incinerator operates under negative pressure, and the incinerator can only inhale air inwardly, and there will be no flue gas overflowing to pollute the surrounding environment when opening the operation port or the observation port or the feeding port.

Continuing to refer to Fig. 7, since the direct discharge of flue gas will pollute the surrounding environment, the example of the small domestic incinerator of the present invention is equipped with a flue gas purifier 36, and the bottom of the flue gas purifier 36 is immersed in the liquid medicine pool 35, and the immersion height is about 400 millimeters, to resist the negative pressure of the flue gas purifier 36, outside air can not enter in the flue gas purifier 36. The interior of the flue gas purifier 36 is divided into a flue gas liquid penetrator, a flue gas sprayer, and a demister from bottom to top. The flue gas first enters the chamber of the flue gas liquid penetrator, and then passes through Dispersion of the chamber is immersed in a small tube of 40 mm below the liquid surface to discharge the liquid surface, then enters the flue gas sprayer, mist eliminator, induced draft fan 38, purified flue gas pipeline 39 and chimney 48, and then discharges from the chimney 48 outlet. Therefore, the flue gas purifier 36 has the characteristics of fast flue gas cooling, good purification response, and thorough demist and dust removal.

The small domestic waste incinerator of the present invention can run continuously after being ignited once. Before the ignition, first fill the combustion chamber 4 with dry firewood, and then pile up domestic waste about 1.8 meters high in the drying and carbonization chamber 8 on the firewood, and close the operation. Open the ashes outlet, start the induced draft fan 38, ignite the firewood through the grate 2, then start the blower 41, and adjust the valve to control the ratio of high-temperature flue gas and combustion-supporting air, so that the firewood is heated at a high temperature in the combustion chamber 4. Combustion, because the garbage is affected by the high-temperature baking of the flame in the lower combustion chamber 4, a garbage drying layer 34, a dry garbage layer 33, a garbage carbonization agglomeration layer 31, and a garbage carbon particle loosening layer 30 are formed sequentially from top to bottom, such as Figure 6 shows. Since the garbage carbonization agglomeration layer 31 is bonded into a whole hard block, it is blocked by the annular oblique material retaining step 7 at the bottom of the drying and carbonization chamber 8, and cannot fall down, so a dome is formed on the top of the combustion chamber 4 , and because the lower part of the dome is in contact with the high-temperature gas at the top of the combustion chamber 4, the high-temperature gas contains oxygen, and the carbon particles are burned violently. Layer 30, the charcoal particles on the top of the fire bar 2 falling to the bottom of the combustion chamber 4 form the garbage charcoal particle combustion layer 29 to continue burning, because the combustion chamber 4 burns high-temperature garbage charcoal particles, so the combustion temperature is up to more than 850 ℃, and Garbage incineration is particularly thorough, and even rotten watermelon and other refractory objects are completely burned to ashes.

During operation, the operator checks the ashes in the gaps between the grates according to the burning situation, and allows the ashes to fall to the ash chamber 1 to form the ash layer 28 .

During operation, the operator should observe the height of the garbage pile in the furnace. If there is too little garbage in the furnace, he should open the feeding port to replenish the garbage in time, and open the observation port after replenishing the garbage, and use special tools to level the garbage.

During operation, the combustion temperature should not be higher than 950°C, otherwise the ash will easily cause agglomeration, and the operator should observe the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber 4. If the combustion temperature is too high, the rotating speed of the induced draft fan 38 and the blower 41 should be adjusted to reduce the air volume. In case of a failure caused by ash agglomeration or blockage caused by large bricks due to high combustion temperature, part of the grate 2 should be pulled out to drop the agglomerated ashes, and then reinsert the grate 2.

In operation, since the drying and carbonization chamber 8 and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 are an integrated conical cavity, the bottom is large and the top is small, after the garbage keeps falling during operation, the garbage and the furnace in the lower part of the drying carbonization chamber 8 An annular void area 32 can be formed between the walls. Since the garbage layer between the annular void area 32 and the top of the combustion chamber 4 is relatively thin, the high-temperature gas at the top of the combustion chamber 4 easily passes through the gap between the garbage and enters the space. Area 32, then enters the flue 15 from the middle inlet 22 of the flue gas in the gap area 32 and the upper inlet 23 of the flue gas, and is then introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 11 of the flue gas. Garbage charring and burning on step 7.

During operation, because the garbage is carbonized at high temperature, the combustible gas is thermally decomposed. Due to the lack of oxygen in the carbonization layer, the combustible gas cannot be completely combusted, and the gas passes through the gap between the garbage and enters the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11. The secondary combustion chamber 11 is fully combusted in an oxygen-enriched high-temperature environment. Since the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber 4 and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber 11 is higher than 850°C, toxic substances such as dioxins are completely cracked at high temperature, and the flue gas enters the flue gas purifier 36 and is purified and then rapidly cooled to 200°C Below, the regeneration of dioxin is extremely small, and the flue gas can be discharged up to the standard after being purified by the flue gas purifier 36 .

In operation, if there is a power outage due to other reasons, the induced draft fan 38 and the blower 41 will stop, and the flue gas cannot pass through the liquid medicine and enter the purifier. The electricity is turned on, and the flue gas is discharged directly, and the operator needs to close the ash outlet and the combustion-supporting air inlet 43 quickly, so as not to reduce the life of the incinerator due to excessive cooling of the incinerator.

The diameter of the incineration chamber of the small domestic incinerator of the present invention should be designed according to the amount of garbage to be processed and the quality of the garbage. However, when the furnace temperature is below 1000°C, the carbonization and agglomeration strength of the garbage is not very high, so the diameter of the incineration chamber should not exceed 1.2 meters. Otherwise, the carbonized agglomerate layer of garbage is not strong enough during operation, and the charcoal particles of garbage are prone to collapse into the incineration chamber, unable to form a dome, and the intended function of the incinerator cannot be realized.

What is disclosed above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or modifications within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A small domestic waste incinerator, characterized in that: its inner cavity includes: ashes chamber, a combustion chamber, arranged on the top of the ash chamber, and communicated with the ash chamber; An annular inclined material retaining step is arranged on the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the inner holes of the annular oblique material retaining step communicate with the inner cavity of the ash chamber and the top of the combustion chamber; a drying carbonization chamber, which is arranged on the top of the combustion chamber and communicates with the combustion chamber; The flue gas secondary combustion chamber is arranged on the top of the drying and carbonization chamber and communicates with the drying and carbonization chamber; and The flue gas main outlet is arranged on the top of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber and communicates with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber. 2. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ash chamber is cylindrical, the side of the ash chamber is provided with an ash outlet, and the ash outlet is provided with a door-type cover plate, so The top of the ash chamber is provided with a row of pluggable grates. 3. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the furnace bars are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel seamless pipes, and the furnace bars are provided with detachable handles. 4. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner chamber of the combustion chamber is cylindrical, and the diameter of the inner hole of the annular oblique type retaining table is the same as the diameter of the inner chamber of the combustion chamber. equal, the outer diameter of the annular oblique material retaining step is 550-650 mm larger than the inner cavity diameter of the combustion chamber, the bottom diameter of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonization chamber is equal to the outer diameter of the annular oblique material retaining step, and the annular The centripetal inclination angle of the oblique retaining steps is 30-45 degrees. 5. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: the inner wall of the combustion chamber is built with refractory bricks, the periphery of the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion-supporting air annular duct, and the bottom of the combustion-supporting air annular duct is provided with several ash Ventilation holes; a slope is provided at the inner bottom of the combustion air annular pipe; a gap is formed between the slope and the top and the inner side of the combustion air annular pipe; the combustion air outlet is provided on the inner side of the combustion air annular pipe, that is, on one side of the slope; the other side of the slope Ventilation holes are provided between one side and the top of the combustion-supporting air annular duct, and the ventilation holes communicate with the combustion-supporting air outlets respectively, and the combustion-supporting air outlets communicate with the combustion chamber; There is a layer of ceramic fiber heat insulation layer, and the outer wall of the combustion air annular pipe is provided with a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer. 6. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the inner cavity of the drying and carbonization chamber communicates with the lower part of the inner cavity of the flue gas secondary combustion chamber to form an integrated frustum-shaped cavity, so Both the drying and carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion inner wall 19 are built with refractory bricks, and the upper diameter of the frustum-shaped cavity is 150-250 mm smaller than the lower diameter. 7. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: four flues are evenly distributed on the inner walls of the drying and carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber, and the four flues of the four flues The lower flue gas entrances of the flue gas passages are all arranged on the annular slanted retaining steps, and the four flue flues are provided with flue gas outlets communicating with the flue gas secondary combustion chamber; The inner hole of the annular inclined material retaining step is connected, the inner hole of the annular inclined material retaining step is connected with the outside air, and the lower entrance of the flue gas near the inner wall of the drying and carbonization chamber is provided with an inclined cover board; the middle and lower parts of the four flues are provided with a flue gas middle entrance and a flue gas upper entrance, and the flue gas middle entrance and the flue gas upper entrance are all communicated with the middle and lower parts of the drying and carbonization chamber . 8. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall and the outer shell of the drying and carbonization chamber and the flue gas secondary combustion chamber. 9. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the incineration chamber is no more than 1.2 meters. 10. The small domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber is above 850°C.