CN210116221U - 内衬构件 - Google Patents
内衬构件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种内衬构件(1),包括:半透明的第一层(2);天然材料的第二层(3),其以可见的方式布置在所述第一层(2)的正面(2a)上,其中所述第二层(3)是完全半透明的或具有一或多个半透明区域(3a),且其中所述第二层(3)具有一或多个非透明区域;衬底(5),其布置在所述第一层(2)的背面(2b)上,其特征在于,所述第一层(2)与所述衬底(5)之间布置有第三层(4),其中所述第三层(4)的层颜色如此地选择,使得所述内衬构件(1)的可见内衬颜色与所述天然材料的材料颜色相匹配。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种用于车辆内部空间的内衬构件以及一种针对这种内衬构件的制造方法。
背景技术
根据现有技术,为用于车辆内部空间的内衬构件配设天然材料层,以便增强该内衬构件表面的视觉效果和触觉效果。为此而使用木材表面和石材表面。但使用天然的实心石材表面极为昂贵。另外,实心石材表面还难以成型,并导致部件重量增大。出于这种原因,通常使用具有极薄石材层的石材贴面来节省成本,并实现良好的三维成型性能且降低内衬构件的重量。但这类薄石材贴面在结构和外观品质方面不及实心石材表面。
GB 2541893 A中描述了一种改良具有石材贴面的内衬构件外观的可行方案。所描述的用于车辆内部空间的层压内衬面板具有背衬层、发光层和半透明的石材贴面。设置发光层来直接或间接照亮石材贴面。为此,发光层包括具有编织到织物层中的一或多个光纤的光导体或者一或多个LED。此外,该内衬构件还具有散光层或反光层。发光层能够从背面照亮石材贴面,从而改良车辆内衬的外观。
但从背面照亮薄石材贴面不会产生像实心石材层那样自然的外观。
实用新型内容
有鉴于此,本实用新型的目的是提供一种用于车辆内部空间的内衬构件,其具有天然材料的外观,特别是实心石材或木材的外观,同时具有良好的三维成型性能和很轻的重量。本实用新型的另一目的是提供一种制造内衬构件的相应方法。
本实用新型的内衬构件包括:半透明的第一层,其具有正面和背面;天然材料的第二层,其以可见的方式布置在第一层的正面上,其中第二层是完全半透明的或具有一或多个半透明区域,且其中第二层具有一或多个非透明区域;以及衬底,其布置在第一层的背面上。
更进一步,本实用新型的内衬构件的特征在于,第一层与衬底之间布置有第三层,其中第三层的层颜色如此地选择,使得内衬构件的可见内衬颜色与天然材料的材料颜色相匹配。
这里,半透明层或半透明区域是指并非绝对透明或透光的透亮或透光层或者透亮或透光区域此外,半透明层或半透明区域包括透明层或透光层或者透明区域或透光区域。
半透明的第一层能够在天然材料层后面、特别是在薄石材或木材贴面后面产生深度效果。通过使层颜色与天然材料的材料颜色相匹配,结合深度效果,实现实心天然材料的外观、特别是实心石材或木材的外观。同时,保留天然材料薄层的正面特性,即轻重量和良好的三维成型性能。
在本实用新型的有利设计方案中,第一层是透明的,以及/或者第二层具有一或多个透明区域和/或一或多个非半透明区域和/或一或多个非透明区域。特定而言,第二层可包括透明区域和半透明到非透明区域、或者透明区域和非半透明区域、或者非半透明和半透明到非透明区域。此外,第二层还可包括透明区域、半透明到非透明区域和非半透明区域。
在本实用新型的另一有利设计方案中,第二层可为连续层。第二层也可为非连续层,其特别是具有多个单独的层区段或单独的天然材料颗粒。就此而言,连续和非连接的天然材料的第二层均可具有天然材料的图案和/或结构。
此外,第二层还可具有变化的层厚,其中一或多个半透明区域的层厚优选可小于非半透明区域。
在本实用新型特别优选的设计方案中,第二层可具有石材、木材或矿物或者由其组成,特别是第二层可为石材贴面、木材贴面或矿物贴面。
第一层可具有半透明的粘合剂或树脂或者由其组成。特定而言,第一层可具有透明的粘合剂或树脂。特定而言,第一层可具有PVAC(聚乙酸乙烯酯)、聚酯、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯或EVA(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)。
通常情况下,第一层的厚度为0.2mm至0.6mm。优选地,第一层的厚度为0.3mm至0.5mm或其厚度为0.4mm。
第二层的层厚可为0.1mm至0.6mm,特别是其平均厚度可为0.4mm、0.2mm或 0.1mm。
第三层可具有塑料,特别是TPU(热塑性聚氨酯)或PC(聚碳酸酯),或者由其组成。第三层例如可为塑料薄膜,特别是印刷薄膜。
第三层的厚度可为0.02mm至0.5mm,特别是0.1mm至0.2mm,优选为0.12mm。
第三层优选借助PA(聚酰胺)粘合剂固定于第二层。
衬底可具有PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PA66(聚酰胺66)或者由其组成。优选地,衬底的厚度可为2mm至5mm,特别是2.4mm至3mm。
第三层的特别优势在于,它可用作背面注塑衬底的屏蔽。这样就能将衬底直接在背面注塑到第三层上。在此情形下,第三层防止第一层或第一层和第二层因背面注塑期间的高温和材料剪切力而受损。背面注塑的衬底由坚实的材料制成,因此内衬构件还可具有高硬度和高刚度。
此外,本实用新型还包括一种制造内衬构件的方法。在本实用新型的方法中,布置复合层,其中复合层具有半透明的第一层和天然材料的可见第二层,且其中第二层布置在第一层的正面上并是完全半透明的或具有一或多个半透明区域,且其中第二层具有一或多个非透明区域。此外,在第一层的背面上布置有衬底。本实用新型的方法的特征尤其在于,第一层与衬底之间布置有第三层,其中如此地选择第三层的层颜色,使得内衬构件的可见内衬颜色与天然材料的材料颜色相匹配。
为选择第三层的层颜色,在基准步骤中,借助分光光度计测量天然材料样本的材料颜色。此外,在组合步骤中,将复合层的样本与第三层的样本叠合成针对第三层的多种不同颜色的相应层组合,其中所述复合层具有第一层的样本和第二层的样本。在测量步骤中,借助分光计,针对第三层的每种颜色,测量第二层的样本上的层组合的内衬颜色。在计算步骤中,针对第三层的每种颜色,计算天然材料样本的材料颜色与层组合的内衬颜色的色差。在选择步骤中,则选择色差低于预定阈值的颜色作为层颜色。
在本实用新型的方法的另一有利设计方案中,如果所计算的色差均不低于阈值,则重复组合步骤、测量步骤和选择步骤,其中使用色差小于或等于所计算的色差中最小值的多种颜色的第三层的样本来形成层组合。
优选地,针对第三层的至少两种不同颜色,特别是针对其十种不同颜色,相应形成层组合,以便选择层颜色。
根据另一有利方案,对天然材料样本的材料颜色进行多次测量,优选至少十次测量,并确定天然材料样本的材料颜色的平均值。
特别优选地,形成天然材料的多个、优选至少十个样本中的每一个样本与第三层的多种不同颜色的多个样本中的每一个样本的层组合,针对每个层组合,借助分光光度计测量第二层的样本上的层组合的内衬颜色,并确定每个第三层的样本相对于第二层的样本的内衬颜色的平均值。
作为进行基准步骤、组合步骤、计算步骤和选择步骤的替代或补充方案,为选择第三层的层颜色,也可在透射测量步骤中,测量第一层与第二层的叠加样本的层组合的分光透射值,并在颜色计算步骤中,借助该透射值计算层颜色。
特别优选地,将衬底在背面注塑到第三层。特别地,将衬底在背面注塑到第三层的背向第一层的背面上。
附图说明
下面对本实用新型的内衬构件以及本实用新型的制造内衬构件的方法进行详细说明。分别在具体实例中列出不同的实用新型实质要素或有利改进方案的要素,其中这些要素中的每个-即使在脱离相应实例的上下文和该实例的其他特征的情况下-也能用作本实用新型的改进方案。此外,附图中相同或类似的要素用相同或类似的附图标记表示,故其相关阐述部分地予以省略。
图中:
图1为根据现有技术的内衬构件的垂直于内衬构件的表面的剖视图以及该内衬构件的俯视图,
图2为本实用新型的内衬构件的垂直于内衬构件的表面的剖视图以及该内衬构件的俯视图,
图3为石材贴面样本以及具有不同颜色的TPU薄膜样本,以及
图4为实心石材样本以及由石材贴面样本与具有不同颜色的TPU薄膜样本叠合成的层组合。
使用下列附图标记:
1 内衬构件
1a 根据现有技术的内衬构件
O 内衬构件的表面
2 半透明的树脂层
2a 树脂层的正面
2b 树脂层的背面
3 石材层
3a 半透明区域
4 TPU薄膜
5 衬底
10 石材贴面样本
11 颜色1
12 颜色2
13 颜色3(石材颜色)
14 颜色4
15 具有不同颜色的TPU薄膜
16 实心石材样本
17 石材贴面样本10与具有不同颜色的TPU薄膜15的层组合
具体实施方式
图1在上图示出根据现有技术的内衬构件1a的垂直于内衬构件的可见表面O的剖视图并在下图示出该内衬构件1a的俯视图。内衬构件1a具有半透明的粘合剂层2,其具有正面2a和背面2b。在正面2a上布置有半透明的石材贴面3。石材层3的与粘合剂层2相反的一面形成内衬构件1a的可见表面O。在粘合剂层2的背面2b上布置有衬底 5。在内衬构件1a的俯视图中示出透过半透明的石材层3可以看到衬底5。这就产生这样的印象:内衬构件1a仅具有表面贴装的石材层3而非由实心石材制成。
图2在上图示出本实用新型的内衬构件1的垂直于内衬构件1的可见表面O的剖视图并在下图示出该内衬构件1的俯视图。在另一种实施方式中,可用透明的保护层覆盖可见表面。内衬构件1具有半透明的塑料层2,其具有正面2a和背面2b。在正面2a 上布置有石材层3。石材层3的层厚更薄的区域形成半透明区域3a。石材层3的与塑料层2相反的一面形成内衬构件1a的可见表面O。在塑料层2的背面2b上布置有衬底5。图2的内衬构件1与图1的内衬构件1a的区别主要在于,其在半透明的层2与衬底5 之间具有由塑料薄膜、例如TPU薄膜制成的附加层4,其中该塑料薄膜具有某种颜色,该颜色如此地选择,使得内衬构件1的可见内衬颜色与石材层3所属的石材或石材种类的石材颜色相匹配。在石材层3的表面为内衬构件1的表面的实施方式中,第三层4、例如薄膜、特别是印刷薄膜具有某种颜色,该颜色如此地选择,使得内衬构件1的可见表面O上的内衬构件1的内衬颜色与石材层3所属的石材或石材种类的石材颜色相匹配。在内衬构件1的俯视图中示出,由于薄膜4,在石材层3的半透明区域3a中不会看见衬底5。此外,通过将薄膜4的颜色与石材颜色相匹配,产生这样的印象:内衬构件 1在内衬构件1的可见表面O上的石材层3下方还具有一或多个其他石材层。这样颜色匹配的薄膜4就能产生如同由实心石材制成内衬构件1一样的深度效果。
下面将结合图3和图4详细说明本实用新型的制造内衬构件的方法的实施方式。为制造内衬构件1,首先布置复合层。复合层由如图1和图2所示的粘合剂层2和石材层 3组成并形成如图3所示的石材贴面10。如图1和图2所示,石材层3布置在粘合剂层 2的正面2a上并形成石材贴面10的表面。此外,在粘合剂层2的背面2b上布置有塑料薄膜、例如TPU薄膜制成的层4。为此,首先薄膜的颜色如此地选择,使得内衬构件1 的可见内衬颜色与石材层3所属的石材或石材种类的石材颜色相匹配,特别是使得内衬构件1的表面O上的内衬颜色与石材颜色相匹配。在替代的实施方式中,用某个石材层来替代该石材层。
为选择层颜色,首先借助分光光度计,在石材层3所属的石材种类的实心石材的石材样本16(图4)的光滑表面上测量石材样本16的石材颜色。为此,分光光度计的口径大于20mm。优选在不同的测量点进行10次测量并确定平均石材颜色。在此情形下,优选确定Lab色彩空间中的数值(Lab颜色空间是具有L轴、a轴和b轴的三维色彩空间,其中L表示从白色到黑色的第一轴,a表示从蓝色到黄色的第二轴,以及b表示从绿色到红色的第三轴)。在图4中,石材样本16的石材颜色显示为双斜线阴影。随后,预备至少8个、优选10个不同的石材贴面样本10。石材贴面10的颜色用斜线阴影来表示。此外,预备薄膜,例如TPU薄膜15,其具有带不同定义的颜色11至14的多个区域(在图3和图4中仅示例性示出只具有四种不同颜色的四个区域)。该薄膜可由彩色塑料制成或印刷有颜色。薄膜15的不同颜色在图3中用不同的阴影示出。作为替代方案,也可预备多种各具不同颜色的薄膜。石材贴面样本10分别与多色薄膜叠合成层组合17(图 4),以便获得8个或10个层组合17。由于石材贴面10的半透明区域,在层组合17中的石材贴面10的表面上,特别是在半透明区域中产生不同的混合色18至21,该混合色或多或少与石材样本16的石材颜色存在偏差。在图4中可以看出,层组合17的颜色20 对应于石材样本16的石材颜色,因为16和20的阴影相同。对于每个层组合17,此时针对每种颜色借助分光光度计在石材贴面10的样本上测量内衬颜色并针对薄膜15的每种颜色确定平均内衬颜色。随后,平均石材颜色与平均内衬颜色之间形成色差。对于Lab 色彩空间中的色值,可根据ΔE=√(L2+a2+b2)确定色差ΔE。选择色差小于预定阈值的颜色作为图2中的附加层4的层颜色。对于Lab色彩空间中的数值,可能的阈值例如为ΔE=1.5。针对所确定的色差均不低于预定阈值的情况,可重复上述方法来选择层颜色,其中预备具有色差小于先前在该方法中所确定的色差中最小值的颜色的薄膜15的样本。可多次重复该方法来选择层颜色,直到确定低于预定阈值的色差。
为加快选择层颜色,也可首先以光学方式开始颜色匹配,并仅在更有限的颜色范围内用分光光度计对薄膜15的样本进行15次测量。
在将附加层4布置到粘合剂层2的背面2b之后,将衬底5喷涂到层4的背向粘合剂层2的背面上。该过程可在约200℃的环境温度和高压下进行。
Claims (10)
1.一种内衬构件(1),包括:
半透明的第一层(2),
天然材料的第二层(3),其以可见的方式布置在所述第一层(2)的正面(2a)上,其中所述第二层(3)是完全半透明的或具有一或多个半透明区域(3a),且其中所述第二层(3)具有一或多个非透明区域,
衬底(5),其布置在所述第一层(2)的背面(2b)上,
其特征在于,
所述第一层(2)与所述衬底(5)之间布置有第三层(4),
其中所述第三层(4)的层颜色如此地选择,使得所述内衬构件(1)的可见内衬颜色与所述天然材料的材料颜色相匹配。
2.根据上述权利要求所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第一层(2)是透明的,以及/或者所述第二层(3)具有一或多个透明区域和/或一或多个非半透明区域和/或一或多个非透明区域。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第二层(3)为连续层,或其中所述第二层(3)为非连续层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第二层(3)具有多个单独的层区段或单独的天然材料颗粒。
5.根据权利要求2所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第二层(3)具有变化的层厚,其中所述第二层(3)的所述一或多个半透明区域的层厚小于所述非半透明区域。
6.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第二层(3)具有石材、矿物或木材。
7.根据权利要求6所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第二层(3)形成石材贴面、木材贴面或矿物贴面。
8.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第一层(2)具有粘合剂或树脂。
9.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第三层(4)具有塑料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的内衬构件(1),其中所述第三层(4)具有TPU。
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