CN2084054U - High efficient energy saving horizontal retort - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high efficient energy saving horizontal retort relating to the carbonization of plant fibre. The utility model is mainly characterized in that a bearing sealed retort body comprises a horizontally arranged steel cylindrical cylinder body whose one end is connected with a spherical back sealing head and the other end forming material inlet and outlet is successively connected with an opening spherical front head (5), a venturi (4) and a back flange (3); the horizontally arranged steel cylindrical cylinder body is connected with a movable flange end cover (1) through a hinge pin shaft (8), a lower shaft sleeve (9) and an upper shaft sleeve (10); an asbestos sealing pad (2) is arranged between the back flange (3) and the flange end cover (1) compacted by screw bolts.

Description

High efficient energy saving Horizontal retort

The utility model relates to the improvement to the vegetable fibre destructive distillation device, is particularly suitable for utilizing vegetable fibre to produce charcoal fast.

Being presented as that known vegetable fibre destructive distillation device is more carried out pyrogenous carbonizing apparatus to timber, and wherein using more is the right cylinder arch charcoal kiln that is built into by brick and clay.This charcoal kiln is that the hardwood that will put into kiln ignites with timber, the top valve is shut with earth, the control air inlet, observe chimney and discharge the colour-change of flue gas, feeding gate and flue are shut, make timber red-hot in the kiln and air isolated, incite somebody to action the further charing of timber that charing is not good with its heat.Because the lumpiness of timber size was generally 7～15 days with the different charings of material in the kiln, added and fired a kiln charcoal ignitor firing time at initial stage about about 12～25 days.Aforesaid method requires tighter to the kind of timber, generally can only use hardwood as jujube wood, birch, elm, Cortex Fraxini mandshuricae etc., open-textured as: pine, poplar and dote, branch, corner timber all can not use.This is because the external combustion type that this kind method adopts, the branch of reduced size, scrap stock and coarse grained wood, and all burnt is finished in the needless to say full kiln carbonization of wood, and to become ash most.Always some had not just burnt till ash before becoming charcoal yet even the interior timber of kiln is roughly the same, and char yield rate is low.In addition, a large amount of inflammable gass of discharging in carbonization process: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane etc. are all run away in vain, and have polluted environment.

To save the energy and enlarge the charing raw material variety in order to reach, accelerate the purpose of charing rate, have a kind of method be with raw material as: timber, corn stalk, rice skin are put into by two identical body of heater and the purification pot that discharges of the coke, gas filter, hold-up vessel, water cooler and various valves of structure, in the plant carbonization body of heater that electric control system constitutes, coal is placed on the fire grate burns, make raw material be subjected to thermogenesis inflammable gas and charcoal.See Chinese patent notification number CN2034172U " plant carbide furnace ", this kind method has broken through traditional charing method, but structure is complicated; And the utilization in second step of inflammable gas yet needs certain affiliated facility; Input and output material is subjected to the influence of structure also inconvenient; And need to heat charing with coal, utilizing electrical control, should not use in the short of electricity side area; Be unfavorable for mass production charcoal class material, so fail large-scale popularization.

The purpose of this utility model provide a kind of make full use of the energy, energy-conservation, not power consumption just can with timber, trees branch, saw not, vegetable fibre rapid processing such as Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, corn core and bar become charcoal and inflammable gas, and have the energy-conservation charring furnace of simple in structure, safe and easy to operate horizontal efficient.

The utility model is made up of body of heater, combustion chamber, controlling elements and thermal insulation layer four major parts.

Body of heater is the steel circle tube sealing container of a horizontal positioned, one end is the input and output material ring flange that hinges is housed, link with a tubular trunnion and the opening ball-type fusing head that is welded on body of heater cylindrical portions may one end after the flange, the other end of cylindrical portions may is shut with the ball-type rear head.Between input and output material flange end cap and rear stub, seal, and compress with bolt with asbestos pad.The square type combustion chamber that surrounds with steel plate is housed under body of heater, build its wall and bottom refractory brick, the top is subjected to fiery face by what body of heater cylindrical portions may outside surface Lower Half was formed, two faces that are parallel to the body of heater axial line in the combustion chamber are pulled a pre-heating fuel charging valve and two round vision slit cover plates respectively are housed, and 2 gas jets respectively are housed on the other two side plate bearing plates perpendicular to the body of heater axial line insert valve.Under two bearing plates, be welded with dull and stereotyped lower margin.Flue gas in the combustion chamber is by being located at diagonal two rectangular flues of rectangular type bumer and the circle chimney is discharged, and controls oxygen-supplying amount in the combustion chamber with pre-heating fuel charging valve and vision slit cover plate.Be straight line arranges on horizontal positioned cylinder shape body of heater cylindrical shell top, controlling elements of the present utility model is installed, for the purpose of increasing the safety of using, 2 weather gages are housed, a mercurythermometer, an expansion of metal tubular type thermometer and a gas safety valve are formed controlling elements with pipe fitting with the gas control valve that the gas jet that inserts burner ends diagonal angle layout links to each other respectively for 2 jointly.In order to prevent the loss of heat, the exposed part that removes the feed inlet and outlet external furnace body is all with 80～120 mm thick foaming asbestos plate or the cladding of other high-quality lagging materials, and thermal insulation layer is formed in 0.5 millimeter galvanized sheet iron protection of outsourcing.

Its principle is the destructive distillation principle according to timber and vegetable fibre.At first raw material timber or other plant fiber are put into the body of heater that is welded into boiler sheet by the input and output material ring flange, and be sealed into discharging ring flange (compressing) with bolt, with timber or other combustiblematerialss as corn stalk, beans bar etc. is put into the combustion chamber and is lighted heating furnace body, at this moment timber or other plant fiber are subjected to heat release a large amount of inflammable gas in the body of heater of sealing: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane etc., link to each other with the gas jet that inserts burner ends through pipe fitting by the burnt gas valve that is located on the body of heater, and be introduced into the combustion chamber, the naked light that combustible gas is met in the combustion chamber is promptly participated in burning, waste gas after burning is discharged by two flues, the gas that produces along with the rising of furnace body temperature is many more, burning is also just fierce more, controls the body of heater internal pressure at 4Kpa/cm with vent valve and gas valve ²In, when treating that temperature rises to 450 ± 30C ° in the body of heater, this scope constant temperature 2.5～4 hours, raw material was that whole charings finish in the stove.Come out of the stove from lighting a fire to and generally to be no more than 24 hours.Per 10 kilograms of raw materials can produce 3 cubic metres of left and right sides inflammable gass in the body of heater, participate in the burning heating and only produce the about 30% just enough of gas with raw material in the body of heater, and unnecessary gas can supply an other stove preheating aerogenesis usefulness, also can supply the usefulness of other heating energy source.When the body of heater internal gas pressure surpasses 4Kpa/cm ²The time be contained in safety valve automatic vent on the body of heater, thereby guarantee that body of heater works under the pressure of safety.The thermal insulation layer of cladding outside body of heater and the refractory brick of building at the combustion chamber inwall play heat loss, the effect that improves the heat energy utilization rate of preventing.

Adopt the utility model to make charcoal to compare by volume to calculate and to save timber more than 40% with local method, compare with " plant carbonated stove ", can be without coal, not electricity consumption, and amount to standard coal save energy about 40%, and per 10 kilograms of raw materials can produce 2 cubic metres of unnecessary combustible gases, 3 kilograms of left and right sides high-quality charcoals or other charcoal class materials; Speed is another characteristics of the present utility model soon, and local method is made charcoal generally needs 12～25 days one-period, and adopts per 24 hours of the utility model just can go out a stove (comprise charging, burning, the full time of lowering the temperature, come out of the stove) with interior; And the starting material wide material sources of charing, timber whatsoever, comprise local method make charcoal obsolete pine, bark, branch, sawdust and agricultural byproducts waste as: vegetable fibres such as rice husk, sunflower seed shell, corn cob, corn stalk all can be used to charcoal processing and produce inflammable gas; Because of only needing a small amount of pre-heating fuel, add the abundant burning of gas in the process of trouble-free burning, so the obnoxious flavour of discharging is seldom, be beneficial to the protection of environment.

Below with reference to accompanying drawing the utility model is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a left view of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is a vertical view of the present utility model.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, by thickness is that 6～14 millimeters boiler sheet (20g) is welded into the cylindrical shell that diameter is 0.5～3 meter a cylindric body of heater ［ 6 ］, its diameter and length ratio are between 1:3, cylindrical shell ［ 6 ］ one ends are welded with rear head ［ 7 ］, the fusing head ［ 5 ］ of perforate in the middle of the other end is welded with, and join with trunnion ［ 4 ］ and input and output material ring flange ［ 3 ］ at tapping, with hinge pin ［ 8 ］, Lower shaft sleeve ［ 9 ］, Upper shaft sleeve ［ 10 ］ connects it with flange end cap ［ 1 ］, composition can free active input and output material valve, between flange end cap ［ 1 ］ and ring flange ［ 3 ］ with asbestos twine ［ 2 ］ sealing of 6～8 millimeters of asbestos pad or diameters.

It under furnace part the combustion chamber, it is that bearing plate ［ 30 ］ and the 2 combustion chamber panels ［ 22 ］ that 2 mild steel plates of 6～14 millimeters are made surround the combustion chamber main body jointly by thickness, on 2 bearing plates ［ 30 ］, respectively have 200 millimeters circular holes of two diameters, and 250 millimeters centres of 2 diameters respectively are housed thereon have 50 millimeters circular holes of diameter in order to insert the valve ［ 20 ］ that gas jet and ventilation are observed, under 2 bearing plates ［ 30 ］, be welded with dull and stereotyped lower margin ［ 21 ］, respectively have 200 millimeters circular holes of two diameters on the combustion chamber panel ［ 22 ］, and the ventilation vision slit cover plate ［ 23 ］ of 250 millimeters of two diameters is housed respectively thereon, a pre-heating fuel charging valve ［ 24 ］ and valve hinge ［ 25 ］, part ［ 26 ］ is the refractory brick of building in combustion chamber inner side-wall and bottom, be communicated with the combustion chamber and be welded on 4 blocks of flue side plates ［ 11 ］ and 2 flue panels ［ 29 ］ on the body of heater, two chimneys ［ 12 ］ are formed combustion chamber integral body jointly.

By controlling elements is housed, they are that 4 ventilation bores are 25 millimeters air valve ［ 13 ］ on furnace part, and 2 vapor pipes ［ 14 ］, range are 0～500C ° expansion of metal tubular type thermometer ［ 15 ］, and 2 ranges are 0～1Mpa/cm ²Tensimeter ［ 16 ］, the ventilation bore be that 25 millimeters ranges are 0.5～7Kpa/cm ²The setting exhaust pressure is 4Kpa/cm ²Screw thread is pressed dress formula gas safety valve ［ 17 ］, and range is that 0～500C ° of metal tube protection screw thread is by dress formula mercurythermometer ［ 18 ］ and two groups of pipe fittings ［ 19 ］ that connect between gas jet ［ 27 ］ and 2 air valves ［ 13 ］.

Thermal insulation layer ［ 28 ］ is with body of heater outside surface exposed part except that feed inlet and outlet place flange end cap ［ 1 ］ and ring flange ［ 3 ］, all with the cladding of 80～120 mm thick foaming asbestos plate, and the protection of outsourcing 0.5 mm thick galvanized sheet iron.

The utility model operating pressure is 4Kpa/cm ²Below, below use temperature 500C °, when the body of heater internal volume is 4 cubic metres, 1200～1500 kilograms of timber or 3.5 cubic metres of other plant fiber process can be become 300～500 kilograms of charcoals in per 24 hours, or other corresponding charcoal class materials, and produce 200～300 cubic metres of inflammable gass simultaneously, it is 10～30% of furnace charge weight that pre-heating fuel is looked envrionment temperature unusual, as many stoves skewered, promptly treat after the stove aerogenesis trouble-free burning unnecessary gas to be supplied another stove preheating, then consuming pre-heating fuel is below 10% of furnace charge weight, be 10 degree above freezing generally in envrionment temperature, be incubated under the good situation, consuming preheating timber is about 5% of furnace charge.Produce the inflammable gas trouble-free burning from lighting a fire to and generally need 2.5～5 hours, at this moment temperature should be more than 150C °, rise to the 450 ± 30C ° of need 4～10 hours (the high more time of envrionment temperature is short more, and the preheated material calorific value is high more, and the time is short more) from the temperature of lighting a fire.Constant temperature (was decided on raw material lumpiness size in 2.5～4 hours in this temperature range, general thicker, the timber time that proportion is bigger is longer, and the vegetable fibre times such as branch, corn stalk, corn core, rice husk are shorter), whole carbonization process finishes generally needs about 7～15 hours.Then, open vent valve furnace gas is discharged, treat that furnace pressure reduces to zero with exhaust valve closure, cause spontaneous combustion in the stove in order to avoid outside air enters with the gas jet valve closes.Treat to have begun stove when temperature is reduced to below 50C ° in the stove, must at first open vent valve when having noted stove the stove inner air and outer air is circulated, i.e. internal and external pressure balance is in order to avoid cause the danger that the stove inside door is hurted sb.'s feelings.Reduce to below 50C ° from 450 ± 30C °, when envrionment temperature is 10C above freezing °, be generally 6～10 hours.That is to say from the stove of lighting a fire and get charcoal generally about 20 hours, discrete winter environment temperature is low to heat up slowlyer, and the higher cooling of summer environment temperature is slower, also is no more than 24 hours one-period.

The utility model is applicable to forest farm, timber field and vast rural area production in enormous quantities charcoal, vegetable fibre charcoal and inflammable gas, can make full use of the forest zone a large amount of land the plant straw, shell in branch and rural area etc., produce the high-quality charcoal, and can utilize a large amount of inflammable gass to make the usefulness of other energy simultaneously.And easy to use, not electricity consumption, coal just can be produced.

Claims (2)

1, the energy-conservation charring furnace of a kind of horizontal efficient is made up of body of heater, combustion chamber, controlling elements and thermal insulation layer [28], it is characterized in that:

A, pressure bearing and seal body of heater comprise the steel circular cylindrical cylindrical shell [6] of horizontal positioned, one end connects spherical rear head [7], the other end of composition feed inlet and outlet is the spherical fusing head [5] of connection opening, trunnion [4] and rear stub [3] successively, and by hinge pin [8], Lower shaft sleeve [9], Upper shaft sleeve [10] connection loose flange end cap [1], between flange end cap [1] that compresses by bolt and the rear stub [3] asbestos seal pad [2] is housed

The rectangular type bumer that surrounds by panel [22] and bearing plate [30] under b, the body of heater, build wall and bottom refractory brick [26], the fiery face that is subjected to is formed by the Lower Half of cylindrical shell [6] outside surface in the top, pre-heating fuel charging valve [24] and two vision slit cover plates [23] are housed on the panel [22], the valve [20] that gas jet inserts is housed respectively on the both sides bearing plate [30], the diagonal angle, combustion chamber respectively is equipped with rectangular flue and the circle chimney of being made up of 2 blocks of flue side plates [11] and flue panel [29] [12]

C, controlling elements comprise that being loaded on upper of furnace body is horizontal 2 weather gages [16] of a word, mercurythermometer [18], expansion of metal tubular type thermometer [15], gas safety valve [17], 2 unnecessary combustible gas outlet valves [13] and 2 gas control valves [13] that link to each other with the gas jet [27] that inserts the arrangement of burner ends diagonal angle respectively

D, except that feed inlet and outlet, body of heater exposed part cladding foaming asbestos plate or other high-quality lagging materials, thermal insulation layer [28] is formed in the protection of outsourcing flash plating zinc-iron plate.

2, charring furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that between loose flange end cap (1) on the said body of heater and the rear stub (3) asbestos seal pad (2) being housed can be asbestos twine.

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