CN102634358B - Efficient selectable pyrolysis system and using method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient selectable pyrolysis system and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient selectable pyrolysis system and a using method thereof, wherein the efficient selectable pyrolysis system comprises a furnace body, a dry distillation kettle, gas nozzles and a cooling device, wherein a furnace chamber in the furnace body is internally provided with the horizontally-arranged dry distillation kettle, wherein the dry distillation kettle comprises an upper side part, a lower side part, a kettle top and a kettle bottom; the part on the upper side part close to the kettle top is communicated with an exhaust pipe; the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected with a diffusion valve; the part on the furnace part close to the exhaust pipe is provided with a temperature meter communicated with the furnace chamber; the lower part of the lower side part is communicated with gas outlets of four staggered gas nozzles; the gas outlets of the gas nozzles are connected with a control valve; the cooling device comprises a nitrogen intake pipe and a nitrogen exhaust pipe, wherein the nitrogen intake pipe is communicated with the kettle top; the nitrogen exhaust pipe is communicated with the upper side part; and when the efficient selectable pyrolysis system is used, if carbon production is emphasized the heating is finished to pyrolysis carbonization stage, and if biomass gas production is emphasized, the heating is finished to the forging stage. The design not only has good adjustability, high cost performance and high heating efficiency, but also the finished product carbon has good quality and high production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass carbonization equipment, relate in particular to and a kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system and using method thereof, be specifically applicable to improve the quality of finished product charcoal, and obtain the biological fuel gas of high performance-price ratio.
Background technology
Along with social high speed development, energy demand is also more and more, but traditional fossil energy (coal, oil, Sweet natural gas) reserves reduce day by day, and has larger pollution, can not meet the needs of social development, thereby in the urgent need to finding new substitute energy.Biomass have the features such as distribution is wide, sustainable supply, conversion convenience, and the national conditions of very applicable China, have good application prospect, and biomass pyrolysis system is developed under this background.
Chinese patent Granted publication number is CN201241088Y, Granted publication day is that the utility model patent on May 20th, 2009 discloses a kind of horizontal revolving low pressure internal combustion high-temperature dry distillation furnace for solid biomass, the two ends of body of heater be fixed with by seal assembly, seal before, rear end cap, on front end end cover, there are feed mechanism and fire hole and fuel gas inlet, on rear end cap, there is discharging mechanism, on body of heater, there is flame retardant coating, thermofin and safety protection jacket, at inboard wall of burner hearth, be along the circumferential direction inlaid with ceramic and fold arms the solid materials of stirring, on body of heater, be provided with by gear ring, " V " type guide rail, the transmission rig that " V " type roller and roller support form.Although this utility model can realize solid biomass continuously directly destructive gasifying under low-voltage high-temperature (800 1000 ℃ of –) condition, thermo-efficiency is more than 85%, and it still has following defect:
First, this utility model can only disposable output finished product charcoal and combustion gas, cannot as biased toward, produce charcoal or bias toward product combustion gas according to the kind that need to adjust product of producing, and adjustability is poor, cannot adapt to the needs of production, and cost performance is lower;
Secondly, this utility model only has a fuel gas inlet that combustion gas is provided, and firepower is little, heats inhomogeneously, not only can reduce the quality of finished product charcoal, and heating efficiency is lower, easily wastes combustion gas;
Again, the product charcoal obtaining in this utility model is just cooling by cooling water jecket after coming out of the stove, and does not have cooling before coming out of the stove, while causing coming out of the stove finished product charcoal can with airborne oxygen combustion, reduce the quality of finished product charcoal, and temperature is very high while coming out of the stove due to finished product charcoal, easily scorches cooling water jecket;
Finally, this utility model is not specifically related to the heating state of material in destructive distillation Fu, only mention at 1000 ℃ of 800 – and carry out continuous carbonization, and the heating state of material is most important to the quality of finished product charcoal, combustion gas, therefore according to this utility model, cannot obtain finished product charcoal and the combustion gas of better quality, production efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the adjustability existing in prior art is poor, cost performance is lower, heating efficiency is lower, finished product charcoal is second-rate, production efficiency is lower defect and problem, provide that a kind of adjustability is better, sexual valence is more intense, heating efficiency is higher, finished product carbonaceous amount better, production efficiency higher efficiently can select pyrolysis system and using method thereof.
For realizing above object, technical solution of the present invention is: a kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system, comprise body of heater, destructive distillation Fu and gas jet, in furnace chamber in described body of heater, be provided with destructive distillation Fu, the below of destructive distillation Fu is provided with gas jet, and is connected with vapor pipe and refrigerating unit on destructive distillation Fu;
Described destructive distillation Fu is horizontal layout, comprise upper lateral part, lower side, Fu top and Fu bottom, between upper lateral part, JunFu top, lower side and Fu bottom, the below of lower side communicates with the gas outlet of a plurality of gas jets that are crisscross arranged, the fuel gas inlet of gas jet is connected with the control valve of body of heater outer setting, and on body of heater, is provided with the thermometer being connected with furnace chamber.
The quantity of described gas jet is four, is respectively a gas jet, No. two gas jets, No. three gas jets and No. four gas jets;
The mode of being crisscross arranged of a described gas jet, No. two gas jets, No. three gas jets, No. four gas jets is: a gas jet, No. two gas jets, No. three gas jets, No. four gas jets are parallel to each other, a gas jet, No. three gas jets one are located on a side of destructive distillation Fu, No. two gas jets, No. four gas jets one are located on the opposite side of destructive distillation Fu, and No. two gas jets are between a gas jet, No. three gas jets, and No. three gas jets are between No. two gas jets, No. four gas jets.
Described refrigerating unit comprises nitrogen inlet pipe and nitrogen escape pipe, and described nitrogen inlet pipe communicates with Fu top, and one end of described nitrogen escape pipe communicates with upper lateral part, and the other end extends to the outside of body of heater.
The inside of described destructive distillation Fu is provided with two batch cans, and these two batch cans arrange along same row, and the bottom of batch can contacts with roller bearing, and the two ends of roller bearing are connected with roller.
On the upper lateral part of described destructive distillation Fu, the position at nearly Fu top communicates with one end of vapor pipe, and the other end of vapor pipe is connected with the diffusion valve that is positioned at body of heater outside after body of heater; On described body of heater, the position of nearly vapor pipe is provided with the thermometer communicating with furnace chamber.
The above-mentioned using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, this using method comprises pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and cooling receipts charcoal stage successively;
Described pyrolysis drying stage refers to: first the material being dried is sent in destructive distillation Fu, then destructive distillation Fu is heated, be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time, in heat-processed, gas material being produced in heat-processed by vapor pipe is emptying, and meanwhile, the diffusion valve place connecting at the vapor pipe the other end carries out igniting experiments to expellant gas, in the time lighting, close vapor pipe to enter the pre-charing stage; Described pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –;
The described pre-charing stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu to heat, and collect by vapor pipe the gas that the pre-charing stage produces, be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time, when observing furnace chamber temperature from thermometer and rise to 275 ℃, enters the pyrolysis charring stage; The described pre-charing stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –;
The described pyrolysis charring stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu to heat, and by vapor pipe, collects the gas of pyrolysis charring stage generation, be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time, and when observing furnace chamber temperature from thermometer and rise to 450 ℃, the pyrolysis charring stage finishes; The described pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its temperature range is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, stop heating, and by refrigerating unit, the finished product charcoal in destructive distillation Fu is carried out cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
Described using method also comprises the calcination stage between pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receipts charcoal stage, and described calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
Described calcination stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, continuation is heated destructive distillation Fu, enters calcination stage, in calcination stage when observing from thermometer when furnace chamber temperature rises to 500 ℃, finished product charcoal generation reduction reaction, its reaction equation is C+CO
2=2CO, C+H
2o=H
2+ CO, and collect the gas that calcination stage produces by vapor pipe, when observing furnace chamber temperature from thermometer and rise to design temperature, calcination stage finishes, and the scope of this design temperature is 1000 ℃ of 500 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when calcination stage finishes, stop heating, and by refrigerating unit, the finished product charcoal in destructive distillation Fu is carried out cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
Described refrigerating unit comprises nitrogen inlet pipe and nitrogen escape pipe, and described nitrogen inlet pipe communicates with Fu top, and one end of described nitrogen escape pipe communicates with upper lateral part, and the other end extends to the outside of body of heater; Described refrigerating unit is that nitrogen is cooling to the type of cooling of finished product charcoal in destructive distillation Fu.
The density of described material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –.
The design temperature of described calcination stage is 600 ℃; Moiety and the volume percent thereof of the gas that described calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is a kind of efficiently can select in pyrolysis system and using method thereof when in to destructive distillation Fu, material heats, if bias toward, obtain finished product charcoal, being heated to the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, if bias toward acquisition biological fuel gas, be heated to calcination stage and finish, adjustability is stronger, can select according to the needs of producing completely, thereby the demand that more meets market, cost performance is higher.Therefore not only adjustability is better in the present invention, and sexual valence is more intense.
2, a kind of below that efficiently can select the destructive distillation Fu lower side in pyrolysis system and using method thereof of the present invention communicates with the gas outlet of a plurality of gas jets that are crisscross arranged, the fuel gas inlet of gas jet is connected with the control valve of body of heater outer setting, gas jet not only quantity is a plurality of, hot spot is many, and be staggered designs, thereby heats is better, can make the interior material of still obtain one and be subject to uniformly thermal environment, degree of carbonization is very even, make the degree of pyrolysis of output finished product charcoal fine, quality is higher, simultaneously, heating efficiency is higher, aerogenesis is high, energy consumption is low, the ratio that combustion gas that the whole cycle is consumed accounts for every stove total gas production is 20% – 30%, especially the effect when gas jet is four is best, cost performance is optimum, save money, in addition, gas jet is all controlled in real time by control valve, can be according to need to the adjusting the jet amount of gas jet of real-time temperature, Heating temperature in furnace chamber, thus regulate the temperature in furnace chamber, to obtain the highest heating efficiency.Therefore not only heating efficiency is higher in the present invention, and finished product carbonaceous amount is better.
3, a kind of refrigerating unit that efficiently can select in pyrolysis system and using method thereof of the present invention comprises nitrogen inlet pipe and nitrogen escape pipe, described nitrogen inlet pipe communicates with Fu top, one end of described nitrogen escape pipe communicates with upper lateral part, the other end extends to the outside of body of heater, during use, by nitrogen, to the finished product charcoal in destructive distillation Fu, carry out cooling, after cooling, allow again finished product charcoal come out of the stove, not only before coming out of the stove, just to charcoal, carry out cooling, can effectively take away the waste heat in still, make finished product charcoal in still, obtain a well cooling environment, come out of the stove Shi Buhui and airborne oxygen burns, guaranteed the quality of coming out of the stove of finished product charcoal, and the cooling effect of nitrogen is better than water cooling, cooling is more even, be convenient to improve the quality of finished product charcoal.Therefore not only cooling performance is stronger in the present invention, and finished product carbonaceous amount is higher.
4, the present invention is a kind of efficiently can select each stage to heating in pyrolysis system and using method thereof, be that pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage, calcination stage have all been set corresponding temperature range and time range, the design of temperature range, time range not only can meet different chemical in destructive distillation Fu and react needed condition, and is convenient to improve the quality of gas production rate and finished product charcoal.In actually operating, need to constantly monitor the temperature in furnace chamber according to thermometer, and according to the real-time temperature in furnace chamber, the temperature requirement of each step of reaction is controlled gas jet, to guarantee normally carrying out of each stage, as exceed temperature range or the time range of setting, not only can reduce gas production rate, reduce production efficiency, and can waste combustion gas, reduce cost performance, thereby the present invention only need use gas production rate the 20% – 30%(combustion gas that produces 100 volumes, gas jet only need consume the combustion gas of 20 – 30 volumes), just can make the sufficient reacting in destructive distillation Fu carry out, thereby obtain finished product charcoal and the biological fuel gas of better quality, obtain best comprehensive benefit, in addition, the Heating temperature of calcination stage need to regulate according to actual needs, although temperature is higher, aerogenesis effect is better, but temperature is higher, combustion time is longer, and air consumption is also more, and cost performance is lower, do not meet market efficiency, for this reason, the temperature of the preferred calcination stage of the present invention is 600 ℃, and this temperature economic benefit ratio under current market situation is optimum.Therefore not only production efficiency is higher in the present invention, and economic benefit is than being optimum.
5, a kind of material of taking in pyrolysis system and using method thereof of efficiently can selecting of the present invention is preferably the stalk rod through high-density extrusion molding, the density of this stalk rod is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –, the material of this kind of density can obtain pyrolysis more uniformly in still, thereby improve the quality of finished product charcoal, the finished product charcoal finally making is solid not cracky not only, and calorific value is higher, at least at 29.4MJ/KG.Therefore finished product carbonaceous amount of the present invention is better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of A – A direction in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the layout schematic diagram of gas jet in Fig. 1.
In figure: body of heater 1, furnace chamber 11, destructive distillation Fu 2, upper lateral part 21,22,Fu top, lower side 23, Fu bottom 24, gas jet 3, gas outlet 31, fuel gas inlet 32, control valve 33, gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36, No. four gas jets 37, vapor pipe 4, diffusion valve 41, refrigerating unit 5, nitrogen inlet pipe 51, nitrogen escape pipe 52, thermometer 6, batch can 7, roller bearing 8, roller 9.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing explanation and embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Referring to figure 1 – Fig. 3, efficiently can select a pyrolysis system, comprise body of heater 1, destructive distillation Fu 2 and gas jet 3, in the furnace chamber 11 in described body of heater 1, be provided with destructive distillation Fu 2, the below of destructive distillation Fu 2 is provided with gas jet 3, and on destructive distillation Fu 2, is connected with vapor pipe 4 and refrigerating unit 5;
Described destructive distillation Fu 2 is horizontal layout, comprise upper lateral part 21,22,Fu top, lower side 23 and Fu bottom 24, upper lateral part 21, lower side 22 are all between Fu top 23 and Fu bottom 24, the below of lower side 22 communicates with the gas outlet 31 of a plurality of gas jets that are crisscross arranged 3, the fuel gas inlet 32 of gas jet 3 is connected with the control valve 33 of body of heater 1 outer setting, and on body of heater 1, is provided with the thermometer 6 being connected with furnace chamber 11.
The quantity of described gas jet 3 is four, is respectively gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36 and No. four gas jets 37;
A described gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36, the mode of being crisscross arranged of No. four gas jets 37 is: a gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36, No. four gas jet 37 is parallel to each other, a gas jet 34, No. three gas jets 36 1 are located on a side of destructive distillation Fu 2, No. two gas jets 35, No. four gas jets 37 1 are located on the opposite side of destructive distillation Fu 2, and No. two gas jet 35 is positioned at gas jet 34 No. one, between No. three gas jets 36, No. three gas jet 36 is positioned at gas jet 35 No. two, between No. four gas jets 37.
Described refrigerating unit 5 comprises nitrogen inlet pipe 51 and nitrogen escape pipe 52, and described nitrogen inlet pipe 51 communicates with Fu top 23, and one end of described nitrogen escape pipe 52 communicates with upper lateral part 21, and the other end extends to the outside of body of heater 1.
The inside of described destructive distillation Fu 2 is provided with two batch cans 7, and these two batch cans 7 arrange along same row, and the bottom of batch can 7 contacts with roller bearing 8, and the two ends of roller bearing 8 are connected with roller 9.
On the upper lateral part 21 of described destructive distillation Fu 2, the position at nearly Fu top 23 communicates with one end of vapor pipe 4, and the other end of vapor pipe 4 is connected with the diffusion valve 41 that is positioned at body of heater 1 outside after body of heater 1; On described body of heater 1, the position of nearly vapor pipe 4 is provided with the thermometer 6 communicating with furnace chamber 11.
The above-mentioned using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, this using method comprises pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and cooling receipts charcoal stage successively;
Described pyrolysis drying stage refers to: first the material being dried is sent in destructive distillation Fu 2, then destructive distillation Fu 2 is heated, be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time, in heat-processed, gas material being produced in heat-processed by vapor pipe 4 is emptying, and meanwhile, diffusion valve 41 places that connect at vapor pipe 4 the other ends carry out igniting experiments to expellant gas, in the time lighting, close vapor pipe 4 to enter the pre-charing stage; Described pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –;
The described pre-charing stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu 2 to heat, and collect by vapor pipe 4 gas that the pre-charing stage produces, be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time, when observing the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 from thermometer 6 and rise to 275 ℃, enters the pyrolysis charring stage; The described pre-charing stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –;
The described pyrolysis charring stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu 2 to heat, and collect by vapor pipe 4 gas that the pyrolysis charring stage produces, be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time, and when observing the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 from thermometer 6 and rise to 450 ℃, the pyrolysis charring stage finishes; The described pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its temperature range is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, stop heating, and by the finished product charcoal in 5 couples of destructive distillation Fu 2 of refrigerating unit, undertaken cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
Described using method also comprises the calcination stage between pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receipts charcoal stage, and described calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
Described calcination stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, continuation is heated destructive distillation Fu 2, enters calcination stage, in calcination stage when observing from thermometer 6 when the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 rises to 500 ℃, finished product charcoal generation reduction reaction, its reaction equation is C+CO
2=2CO, C+H
2o=H
2+ CO, and collect the gas that calcination stages produce by vapor pipe 4, when observing the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 from thermometer 6 and rise to design temperature, calcination stage finishes, and the scope of this design temperature is 1000 ℃ of 500 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when calcination stage finishes, stop heating, and by the finished product charcoal in 5 couples of destructive distillation Fu 2 of refrigerating unit, undertaken cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
Described refrigerating unit 5 comprises nitrogen inlet pipe 51 and nitrogen escape pipe 52, and described nitrogen inlet pipe 51 communicates with Fu top 23, and one end of described nitrogen escape pipe 52 communicates with upper lateral part 21, and the other end extends to the outside of body of heater 1; The type of cooling of 5 pairs of interior finished product charcoals of destructive distillation Fu 2 of described refrigerating unit is that nitrogen is cooling.
The density of described material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –.
The design temperature of described calcination stage is 600 ℃; Moiety and the volume percent thereof of the gas that described calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.
Principle of the present invention is described as follows:
One, gas jet:
The present invention is provided with a plurality of gas jets that are crisscross arranged 3 below the lower side 22 of destructive distillation Fu 2, the gas outlet 31 of gas jet 3 communicates with the below of lower side 22 so that heat destructive distillation Fu 2, and the fuel gas inlet 32 of gas jet 3 is connected with the control valve 33 of body of heater 1 outer setting.In use, because the quantity of gas jet 3 is a plurality of, and be staggered arrangement, thereby can give destructive distillation Fu 2 homogeneous heatings, improve the degree of being heated evenly of material, make the degree of carbonization of material very even, the degree of pyrolysis of finished product charcoal (being the carbon rod of output) is fine, is of high quality, and the efficiency of heating is higher, aerogenesis is high, and energy consumption is low, and the ratio that combustion gas that the whole cycle is consumed only accounts for every stove total gas production is 20% – 30%.In addition, gas jet 3 is provided with control valve 33, can control by control valve 33 air output of gas jet 3, thereby control the temperature in furnace chamber 11, and to obtain the highest heating efficiency, combustion gas that the whole cycle is consumed only accounts for 20% – 30% of every stove total gas production.
Two, refrigerating unit:
Refrigerating unit 5 in the present invention comprises nitrogen inlet pipe 51 and nitrogen escape pipe 52, described nitrogen inlet pipe 51 communicates with Fu top 23, one end of described nitrogen escape pipe 52 communicates with upper lateral part 21, the other end extends to the outside of body of heater 1, during use, by nitrogen, to the finished product charcoal in destructive distillation Fu 2, carry out cooling, after cooling, allow again finished product charcoal come out of the stove, the present invention just carries out cooling to charcoal before coming out of the stove, not only can effectively take away the waste heat in still, make finished product charcoal in still, obtain a well cooling environment, come out of the stove Shi Buhui and airborne oxygen burns, guaranteed the quality of coming out of the stove of finished product charcoal, and the cooling effect of nitrogen is better than water cooling, cooling is more even, be convenient to improve the quality of finished product charcoal.
Three, pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and calcination stage:
The carrying out of heat-processed of the present invention selected according to need of production, if bias toward, obtain finished product charcoal, being heated to the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, if bias toward acquisition biological fuel gas, be heated to calcination stage and finish, adjustability is stronger, according to the needs of producing, selects completely, economic benefit is than optimum, and cost performance is higher.
1, pyrolysis drying stage:
Pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –, and be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time.In pyrolysis drying stage, because material just heats soon, thereby what discharged before 150 ℃ is all water vapour, this part water vapour needs emptying, rather than collects, diffusion valve 41 places that simultaneously connect at vapor pipe 4 the other ends carry out igniting experiments to expellant gas, in the time lighting, prove the similar of water vapour row, gas also meets the requirements, just close vapor pipe 4, to enter the pre-charing stage.Because the object of pyrolysis drying stage is that pyrolysis is dry, material moisture content is more, this stage is just longer, the energy consuming is just more, only had moisture evaporate to dryness and could start pyrolysis, therefore want the material of pyrolysis to reduce moisture as far as possible, in actual production process, generally all raw material drying equipment will be installed.
2, the pre-charing stage:
The pre-charing stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –, and be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time.Moisture in material, after pyrolysis drying stage is by evaporate to dryness, along with the rising of temperature, enters the pre-charing stage, and in this stage, the unstable constituentss such as the hemicellulose in material start to decompose, and that at this moment discharge is mainly C0
2, C0 gas and a small amount of acetic acid, the gas heating value of output is very low.
3, the pyrolysis charring stage:
The pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its temperature range is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –, and be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time.When temperature continues to rise, while surpassing 275 ℃, material starts to accelerate to decompose, and along with temperature improves, decomposition rate is accelerated, produce a large amount of resolvents, as methane, ethane, ethene, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, wood tar oil etc., owing to containing oxygen element in biomass, this one-phase is thermopositive reaction, without external heat, just can make reaction go on, this one-phase can remain to 450 ℃.
The primary product of biomass carbonization pyrolysis all forms in this stage, and particularly wood vinegar, wood tar oil almost all form in this stage.If at this moment stop heating, the product obtaining has charcoal, biological fuel gas, wood tar oil, wood vinegar, wherein the output of charcoal is the highest, biological fuel gas output is very low, because also have some volatile matters not to be decomposed out in product charcoal, the calorific value of biological fuel gas is at this moment not too high, generally in 3000 kilocalories/cubic meter left and right, if select, take finished product charcoal as main, generally at this one-phase, just stop having heated, to obtain the effect of voluminous charcoal, raw material per ton can produce charcoal 330Kg – 400Kg, if select, take and produce substance combustible gas as main, pyrolytic process also will continue, carry out calcination stage.
4, calcination stage:
Calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction, and the scope of its design temperature is 1000 ℃ of 500 ℃ –.Calcination stage temperature can be heated to 500 ℃, also can be added to 600 ℃, 700 ℃, and even more than 1000 ℃.Calcination stage is along with the rising of temperature no longer produces wood vinegar and tar, and only produces biological fuel gas, and the moiety of biological fuel gas and volume percent thereof are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.This stage can make the calorific value of biological fuel gas greatly improve, for example, one ton of material pyrolysis at 1000 ℃, the calorific value of biological fuel gas can reach 6000 kilocalorie/cubic meters, and the output of charcoal only has 220Kg-230Kg.
It needs to be noted: calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction, that is to say and need external heat, so from cost performance balance angle, be not that pyrolysis temperature is more high better, in actual production, select which type of pyrolysis temperature, during essential factor, because of ground, determine because of product structure, because of production object, according to existing market situation actually, if calcination stage temperature is chosen as 600 ℃, economic benefit is than being optimum.
Production data of the present invention is as follows:
Raw material: 1900kg/ stove;
Finished product charcoal bulk density: 0.143g/cm3;
Gas production rate: 570Nm3/ stove;
Combustible gas calorific value: 3500 kilocalories/Nm3 left and right;
Wood vinegar: 428kg/ stove;
Wood tar oil: 95kg/ stove;
Dry materials temperature: 20 150 ℃ of ℃ –;
Dried material water ratio: 10% – 15%;
Destructive distillation Fu consumes gas quantity: 140 – 170Nm3/h;
Air consumption: be 3 times of combustion gas;
Nitrogen consumption: 50Nm3/h(interruption gas).
Embodiment 1: this embodiment is only heated to the pyrolysis charring stage, take and obtains finished product charcoal as main:
A kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system, comprise body of heater 1, destructive distillation Fu 2, gas jet 3 and refrigerating unit 5, in furnace chamber 11 in described body of heater 1, be provided with destructive distillation Fu 2, this destructive distillation Fu 2 is horizontal layout, comprise upper lateral part 21, lower side 22, Fu top 23 and Fu bottom 24, upper lateral part 21, lower side 22 is all between Fu top 23 and Fu bottom 24, on upper lateral part 21, the position at nearly Fu top 23 communicates with one end of vapor pipe 4, the other end of vapor pipe 4 is connected with the diffusion valve 41 that is positioned at body of heater 1 outside after body of heater 1, on body of heater 1, the position of nearly vapor pipe 4 is provided with the thermometer 6 communicating with furnace chamber 11, the below of lower side 22 communicates with the gas outlet 31 of four gas jets that are crisscross arranged 3, the fuel gas inlet 32 of gas jet 3 is connected with the control valve 33 of body of heater 1 outer setting, and in the inside of destructive distillation Fu 2, be provided with two batch cans 7, these two batch cans 7 arrange along same row, the bottom of batch can 7 contacts with roller bearing 8, the two ends of roller bearing 8 are connected with roller 9,
Four gas jets 3 are respectively gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36 and No. four gas jets 37, a described gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36, the mode of being crisscross arranged of No. four gas jets 37 is: a gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36, No. four gas jet 37 is parallel to each other, a gas jet 34, No. three gas jets 36 1 are located on a side of destructive distillation Fu 2, No. two gas jets 35, No. four gas jets 37 1 are located on the opposite side of destructive distillation Fu 2, and No. two gas jet 35 is positioned at gas jet 34 No. one, between No. three gas jets 36, No. three gas jet 36 is positioned at gas jet 35 No. two, between No. four gas jets 37,
Described refrigerating unit 5 comprises nitrogen inlet pipe 51 and nitrogen escape pipe 52, and described nitrogen inlet pipe 51 communicates with Fu top 23, and one end of described nitrogen escape pipe 52 communicates with upper lateral part 21, and the other end extends to the outside of body of heater 1.
The above-mentioned using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, this using method comprises pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and cooling receipts charcoal stage successively;
Described pyrolysis drying stage refers to: first the material being dried is sent in destructive distillation Fu 2, then destructive distillation Fu 2 is heated, be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time, in heat-processed, gas material being produced in heat-processed by vapor pipe 4 is emptying, and meanwhile, diffusion valve 41 places that connect at vapor pipe 4 the other ends carry out igniting experiments to expellant gas, in the time lighting, close vapor pipe 4 to enter the pre-charing stage; Described pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –; The density of described material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –;
The described pre-charing stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu 2 to heat, and collect by vapor pipe 4 gas that the pre-charing stage produces, be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time, when observing the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 from thermometer 6 and rise to 275 ℃, enters the pyrolysis charring stage; The described pre-charing stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –;
The described pyrolysis charring stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu 2 to heat, and collect by vapor pipe 4 gas that the pyrolysis charring stage produces, be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time, and when observing the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 from thermometer 6 and rise to 450 ℃, the pyrolysis charring stage finishes; The described pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its temperature range is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, stop heating, and by the finished product charcoal in 5 couples of destructive distillation Fu 2 of refrigerating unit, undertaken cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
Embodiment 2: this embodiment continuous heating, to calcination stage, be take and obtained biological fuel gas as main:
Substance is with embodiment 1, and difference is also to comprise the calcination stage between pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receipts charcoal stage in using method, and described calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
Described calcination stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, continuation is heated destructive distillation Fu 2, enters calcination stage, in calcination stage when observing from thermometer 6 when the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 rises to 500 ℃, finished product charcoal generation reduction reaction, its reaction equation is C+CO
2=2CO, C+H
2o=H
2+ CO, and collect the gas that calcination stages produce by vapor pipe 4, when observing the interior temperature of furnace chamber 11 from thermometer 6 and rise to design temperature, calcination stage finishes, and this design temperature is 600 ℃; Moiety and the volume percent thereof of the gas that described calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when calcination stage finishes, stop heating, and by the finished product charcoal in 5 couples of destructive distillation Fu 2 of refrigerating unit, undertaken cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
Claims (7)
1. efficiently can select pyrolysis system for one kind, comprise body of heater (1), destructive distillation Fu (2) and gas jet (3), in furnace chamber (11) in described body of heater (1), be provided with destructive distillation Fu (2), the below of destructive distillation Fu (2) is provided with gas jet (3), and on destructive distillation Fu (2), be connected with vapor pipe (4) and refrigerating unit (5), it is characterized in that:
Described destructive distillation Fu (2) is horizontal layout, comprise upper lateral part (21), lower side (22), Fu top (23) and Fu bottom (24), upper lateral part (21), lower side (22) are all positioned between Fu top (23) and Fu bottom (24), the below of lower side (22) communicates with the gas outlet (31) of a plurality of gas jets that are crisscross arranged (3), the fuel gas inlet (32) of gas jet (3) is connected with the control valve (33) of body of heater (1) outer setting, and on body of heater (1), is provided with the thermometer (6) being connected with furnace chamber (11);
Described refrigerating unit (5) comprises nitrogen inlet pipe (51) and nitrogen escape pipe (52), described nitrogen inlet pipe (51) communicates with Fu top (23), one end of described nitrogen escape pipe (52) communicates with upper lateral part (21), and the other end extends to the outside of body of heater (1);
The position at the upper nearly Fu top (23) of upper lateral part (21) of described destructive distillation Fu (2) communicates with one end of vapor pipe (4), and the other end of vapor pipe (4) diffusion valve (41) outside with being positioned at body of heater (1) after body of heater (1) is connected; The position of the upper nearly vapor pipe (4) of described body of heater (1) is provided with the thermometer (6) communicating with furnace chamber (11).
2. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system, it is characterized in that:
The quantity of described gas jet (3) is four, is respectively a gas jet (34), No. two gas jets (35), No. three gas jets (36) and No. four gas jets (37);
A described gas jet (34), No. two gas jets (35), No. three gas jets (36), the mode of being crisscross arranged of No. four gas jets (37) is: a gas jet (34), No. two gas jets (35), No. three gas jets (36), No. four gas jets (37) are parallel to each other, a gas jet (34), No. three gas jets (36) are located on a side of destructive distillation Fu (2), No. two gas jets (35), No. four gas jets (37) are located on the opposite side of destructive distillation Fu (2), and No. two gas jets (35) are positioned at a gas jet (34), between No. three gas jets (36), No. three gas jets (36) are positioned at No. two gas jets (35), between No. four gas jets (37).
3. according to claim 1 and 2ly a kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system, it is characterized in that: the inside of described destructive distillation Fu (2) is provided with two batch cans (7), these two batch cans (7) arrange along same row, the bottom of batch can (7) contacts with roller bearing (8), and the two ends of roller bearing (8) are connected with roller (9).
4. the using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system claimed in claim 1, this using method comprises pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and cooling receipts charcoal stage successively, it is characterized in that:
Described pyrolysis drying stage refers to: first the material being dried is sent in destructive distillation Fu (2), then destructive distillation Fu (2) is heated, be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time, in heat-processed, gas material being produced in heat-processed by vapor pipe (4) is emptying, and meanwhile, the diffusion valve (41) connecting at vapor pipe (4) the other end locates expellant gas to carry out igniting experiments, in the time lighting, close vapor pipe (4) to enter the pre-charing stage; Described pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –;
The described pre-charing stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu (2) to heat, and collect by vapor pipe (4) gas that the pre-charing stage produces, be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time, when observing from thermometer (6) in furnace chamber (11) that temperature rises to 275 ℃, enters the pyrolysis charring stage; The described pre-charing stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –;
The described pyrolysis charring stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu (2) to heat, and collect by vapor pipe (4) gas that the pyrolysis charring stage produces, be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time, and when observing from thermometer (6) in furnace chamber (11) that temperature rises to 450 ℃, the pyrolysis charring stage finishes; The described pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its temperature range is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, stop heating, and by refrigerating unit (5), the interior finished product charcoal of destructive distillation Fu (2) is carried out cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
5. the using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system claimed in claim 1, this using method comprises pyrolysis drying stage, pre-charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and cooling receipts charcoal stage successively, it is characterized in that: described using method also comprises the calcination stage between pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receipts charcoal stage, and described calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
Described pyrolysis drying stage refers to: first the material being dried is sent in destructive distillation Fu (2), then destructive distillation Fu (2) is heated, be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time, in heat-processed, gas material being produced in heat-processed by vapor pipe (4) is emptying, and meanwhile, the diffusion valve (41) connecting at vapor pipe (4) the other end locates expellant gas to carry out igniting experiments, in the time lighting, close vapor pipe (4) to enter the pre-charing stage; Described pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –;
The described pre-charing stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu (2) to heat, and collect by vapor pipe (4) gas that the pre-charing stage produces, be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time, when observing from thermometer (6) in furnace chamber (11) that temperature rises to 275 ℃, enters the pyrolysis charring stage; The described pre-charing stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its temperature range is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –;
The described pyrolysis charring stage refers to: continue destructive distillation Fu (2) to heat, and collect by vapor pipe (4) gas that the pyrolysis charring stage produces, be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time, and when observing from thermometer (6) in furnace chamber (11) that temperature rises to 450 ℃, the pyrolysis charring stage finishes; The described pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its temperature range is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –;
Described calcination stage refers to: when the pyrolysis charring stage finishes, continuation is heated destructive distillation Fu (2), enters calcination stage, in calcination stage when observing from thermometer (6) in furnace chamber (11) when temperature rises to 500 ℃, finished product charcoal generation reduction reaction, its reaction equation is C+CO
2=2CO, C+H
2o=H
2+ CO, and collect the gas that calcination stage produces by vapor pipe (4), when observing from thermometer (6) in furnace chamber (11) that temperature rises to design temperature, calcination stage finishes, and the scope of this design temperature is 1000 ℃ of 500 ℃ –;
The described cooling receipts charcoal stage refers to: when calcination stage finishes, stop heating, and by refrigerating unit (5), the interior finished product charcoal of destructive distillation Fu (2) is carried out cooling, cooling after, finished product charcoal is come out of the stove and is deposited.
6. according to a kind of using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: the density of described material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –.
7. a kind of using method that efficiently can select pyrolysis system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the design temperature of described calcination stage is 600 ℃; Moiety and the volume percent thereof of the gas that described calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.
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| CN105176549B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-01-12 | 东莞市百大新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of biomass pyrolytic charing equipment and its control method |
| CN106444594A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-22 | 泰州华瑞电子专用设备有限公司 | Biomass pyrolysis carbonization collection electrical control system |
| CN106433710A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-22 | 泰州华瑞电子专用设备有限公司 | Biomass pyrolysis charring and tail classifying and collecting method |
| CN105864776B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江悟能环保科技发展有限公司 | Urgent temperature control method and device during animal pyrolysis charring |
| CN105861000B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2018-08-10 | 浙江悟能环保科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of coming out of the stove of pyrocarbon compound |
| CN106520157A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-22 | 广西北海浩邦新能源科技有限公司 | Gasifying type dry-distilling pyrolysis charring method |
| KR102195921B1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-12-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Method for early detecting carbonization during drying process of organic materials |
| CN115367979A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oily sludge pyrolysis treatment control system and method |
| CN114606015B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-04-28 | 福建竹家女工贸有限公司 | Stepped pyrolysis and cooling process in bamboo carbonization process |
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