Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of kiln biological particles gasification technological process, this gasification technological process can solve that the tar content existing in existing biomass gasification technology is high, and energy transition rate is low, and fuel gases calorific value is lower, decontamination effect improving is not ideal enough, the inhomogeneous problem of giving vent to anger.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: this kiln includes following steps with biological particles gasification technological process:
A, get the raw materials ready: stalk, wooden chaff and wood shavings are pulverized and mixed, after oven dry, are pressed into biological particles;
B, gas processed: by certainweight, add biomass fuel gas producer to carry out thermalization scission reaction biological particles, control temperature of combustion in stove and, at 900~1200 ℃, produce air mixture, the temperature of gas outlet is controlled at 350~550 ℃;
C, spray: adopt Sproy cyclone chamber to spray the described air mixture of coming out of the stove, remove most of tar and ash content, the fuel gas temperature after spray is controlled at below 200 ℃;
D, cooling: the combustion gas after spray enters cleaner, carries out heat exchange and realizes cleaner outlet fuel gas temperature below 100 ℃;
E, cyclonic separation: cooled combustion gas enters cyclone chamber, under the effect of cyclonic separation, by the tar in combustion gas and ash separation out;
F, pressure regulation separation: the combustion gas after cyclonic separation enters in separator, is further separated into clean fuel gas and liquid slag under the condensation of separator, control the described clean fuel gas temperature of output at 20~25 ℃;
Described biomass fuel gas producer has the body of heater of the burner hearth that a cylindrical shell by furnace shell, back taper and fire grate surround, described burner hearth below is provided with ash silo, the top of described body of heater is provided with opening for feed, described opening for feed place is provided with electronic feed valve, described electronic feed valve is connected with hopper, and the below of described electronic feed valve is provided with electric gate valve; Described ash silo is built-in with screw rod, and described screw rod is connected with the engine that is arranged at described body of heater outside, and the bottom of described ash silo is provided with slag-drip opening, offers the lighting-up tuyere being connected with outside on the wall body of described ash silo; Between the air outlet of described body of heater and the inlet mouth of described cleaner, by pipe connecting, be communicated with Sproy cyclone chamber, the top of described Sproy cyclone chamber is provided with the shower nozzle of cooling fluid, the outdoor water cooling chamber that is arranged with of described Sproy cyclone, bottom, described Sproy cyclone chamber is provided with leakage fluid dram; The air outlet of described cleaner is connected with cyclone chamber by pipe connecting, and described cyclone chamber bottom is provided with leakage fluid dram; Described cyclone chamber is connected with by wire netting and refrigerator pipes and is contained in the separator forming in the shell of sealing by pipe connecting, described refrigerator pipes is connected with the compressor being placed in outside described separator, described shell is provided with air outlet and leakage fluid dram, and this air outlet is connected with combustion gas output tube.The top of described burner hearth is cylindric, the bottom of described burner hearth is the cylindrical shell of back taper, the ratio of the height of described cylindrical shell and the height of described burner hearth is 1.25~3:10, and the cylinder end internal diameter of described cylindrical shell and the ratio of described upper furnace internal diameter are 3.75~6.65:10; Described burner hearth blast inlet is that to be opened in aperture on described cylindrical shell be the circular hole of 1~3 centimetre, offers 8 above described circular holes on described cylindrical shell, and described burner hearth blast inlet is 10~20 centimetres higher than the height H of described fire grate; In described cleaner, be provided with air chamber, described air chamber has upper chamber and lower chamber, is connected with the prolong of many inclinations between described upper chamber and described lower chamber.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, gas raw material processed is pressed into biological particles, is conducive to reduce ash content, make raw material thermalization cracking more fully, the disposable material density increase adding in stove, can improve gas production rate and production efficiency, and raw material quantitative adds in stove, can make to give vent to anger evenly; In stove, temperature of combustion is at 900~1200 ℃, the temperature of gas outlet is controlled at 350~550 ℃, and the dress that can improve biological particles changes rate, thereby significantly reduces tar content, tar content is only 0.05~1%, and the calorific value that improves combustion gas reaches 4300~4700 kcal/kg; To the air mixture Sproy cyclone of coming out of the stove, the fuel gas temperature after control spray, below 200 ℃, can avoid producing coking phenomenon; The ash contents such as combustion gas enters cleaner and carries out heat exchange by water coolant or wind, can reduce fuel gas temperature, a large amount of sucking-off tar; Combustion gas enters cyclone chamber, can be by the ash content in the further separated combustion gas of cyclonic separation effect; Combustion gas enters pressure regulation separate chamber, by pressure regulation, freezes, and makes the ash content liquefaction such as tar, water vapour generate liquid slag and discharges, and makes gas, oil, water separation, thereby obtains the combustion gas of high-cleanness, high.
2, the ratio that the height of cylindrical shell and the height of burner hearth is set is 1.25~3:10, and the cylinder end internal diameter of cylindrical shell and the ratio of upper furnace internal diameter are 3.75~6.65:10; Apertures more than offering 8 on cylindrical shell are the burner hearth blast inlet of 1~3 centimetre, burner hearth blast inlet is 10~20 centimetres higher than the height H of fire grate, can further improve the combustion conditions in stove, make biomass fuel obtain abundant thermalization cracking, gasification turnover ratio is high, the ash quantity of slag is few, and low tar content can be produced cleaning, combustion gas that calorific value is high; Many oblique combs are set in cleaner, and comb length increases, and can increase the contact area of combustion gas and comb, is conducive to further sucking-off tar, improves degree of purification.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Kiln shown in Fig. 1 uses biological particles gasification generator by biomass fuel gas producer, Sproy cyclone chamber 20, cleaner, cyclone chamber 32 and the most of composition of separator five.
Embodiment 1
Biomass fuel gas producer has the body of heater of the burner hearth 12 that a cylindrical shell 9 by furnace shell 11, back taper and fire grate 7 surround, the furnace shell 11 of body of heater is made by lagging material, furnace shell 11 is fixedly installed on base 1, the dividing plate 6 of fire grate 7 is housed in the middle of being provided with in furnace shell 11, the below of dividing plate 6 is ash silo 4, the bottom of ash silo 4 is provided with slag-drip opening, slag-drip opening is placed in water seal tank pond 52, ash silo 4 is built-in with screw rod 3, screw rod 3 is connected with the engine outside body of heater, and the engine in embodiment adopts the engine being driven by YE 2; On the wall body of ash silo 4, offer the lighting-up tuyere 51 within the scope of the water-lute in water seal tank pond 52 being connected with outside; The top of dividing plate 6 has the cylindrical shell 9 of a back taper to be connected between dividing plate 6 and furnace shell 11, surrounds the even pressure chamber 47 of air inlet between cylindrical shell 9 and dividing plate 6, furnace shell 11, on the furnace shell 11 of this chamber blast pipe 5 is housed; The top seal of furnace shell 11, furnace shell 11, cylindrical shell 9 and fire grate 7 surround burner hearth 12, and the top of body of heater is provided with the air outlet that is communicated with burner hearth 12, and the top of burner hearth 12 is cylindric, on cylindrical shell 9, above fire grate 7, offer burner hearth blast inlet 8, burner hearth blast inlet 8 is for being evenly arranged on the circular hole on cylindrical shell 9; Furnace shell 11 tops of body of heater are provided with opening for feed 13, these opening for feed 13 places are provided with electronic feed valve 16, electronic feed valve 16 upper ends are connected with hopper 17, the discharge port of hopper 17 is connected with the valve port of electronic feed valve 16, below electronic feed valve 16, be provided with the gate valve 15 of being controlled by valve electric actuator 14, the electric gate valve of the present embodiment adopts DZW gate valve, and other embodiment can adopt the electric gate valve of other model; On the outer wall of cylindrical shell 9 bottoms, be provided with the temperature sensor 50 of measuring temperature of combustion, on furnace shell 11, in the position near above cylindrical shell 9, be provided with for measuring the temperature sensor 10 of burner hearth 12 interior material temperatures; The air outlet on the top of burner hearth 12 is connected with Sproy cyclone chamber 20 by escape pipe 19, and the temperature sensor 18 of measuring body of heater air outlet temperature is installed on escape pipe 19.
The top of Sproy cyclone chamber 20 offers inlet mouth, the escape pipe 19 of body of heater is connected to this inlet mouth, the top of Sproy cyclone chamber 20 is provided with the shower nozzle 21 of cooling fluid, the nozzle of shower nozzle 21 is positioned at the top of described inlet mouth, the bottom of Sproy cyclone chamber 20 is provided with leakage fluid dram, leakage fluid dram is placed in water seal tank pond 47, and the chamber of Sproy cyclone chamber 20 dwindles gradually towards leakage fluid dram direction; For accelerating cooling rate, outside Sproy cyclone chamber 20, be arranged with water cooling chamber 48; Top in Sproy cyclone chamber 20 is provided with air outlet, and this air outlet is connected with the inlet mouth of cleaner by pipe connecting 23, and temperature sensor 22 is installed on pipe connecting 23.
Cleaner is contained in by two-stage double-pipe condenser and comb condenser that water tank 44 is interior to be formed, and water tank 44 is provided with water-in 29 and water outlet 46.The top seal of the bassoon 24 of first step double-pipe condenser, its bottom is provided with leakage fluid dram, and leakage fluid dram is placed in water seal tank pond 42, and pipe connecting 23 stretches in bassoon 24 through the inlet mouth of cleaner, and the top of bassoon 24 is provided with air outlet, and this mouth is connected with pipe connecting 25; This pipe connecting 25 stretches in the bassoon 26 of second stage double-pipe condenser, the top seal of bassoon 26, and its bottom is provided with leakage fluid dram, leakage fluid dram is placed in water seal tank pond 45, pipe connecting 25 stretches in bassoon 26, and the top of bassoon 26 is provided with air outlet, and this mouth is connected with pipe connecting 27; Pipe connecting 27 is communicated with the inlet mouth of comb condenser upper chamber 28, this chamber is communicated with lower chamber 43 by the prolong 42 of many inclinations, lower chamber 43 is provided with air outlet and is connected with pipe connecting 30, pipe connecting 30 stretches out the outside of water tank 44 through the air outlet of cleaner, the lower end of lower chamber 43 is provided with leakage fluid dram, and this leakage fluid dram is placed in water seal tank pond 45.In other embodiment, can design as required Multi-stage sleeve condenser.
Cyclone chamber 32 is inverted cone-shaped structure, the top seal of cyclone chamber 32, its bottom offers leakage fluid dram, and leakage fluid dram is placed in water seal tank pond 41, pipe connecting 30 is connected with the inlet mouth of being located at cyclone chamber 32 tops, on the pipe connecting 30 at this inlet mouth place, temperature sensor 31 is installed; The top of cyclone chamber 32 is provided with air outlet, and the Cong Gai air outlet, one end of pipe connecting 33 is stretched in cyclone chamber 32, and the other end is connected to the inlet mouth of separator.
Separator has wire netting 37 and the some refrigerator pipes 39 being arranged in shell 34, refrigerator pipes 39 is connected with the compressor 38 being placed in outside separator, the bottom of this shell 34 is provided with leakage fluid dram, leakage fluid dram is placed in water seal tank pond 40, the top of shell 34 is provided with air outlet, this air outlet is connected with combustion gas output tube 36, and combustion gas output tube 36 stretches out shell 34 outsides, and the temperature sensor 35 of measuring output combustion gas is installed on combustion gas output tube 36.
The electric-controlled parts such as the charging motorized valve 16 in this producer, electric gate valve, each temperature sensor are electrically connected to and control by controller, wherein, the temperature sensor 10,50 that the outer wall of burner hearth 12 and the air outlet of body of heater arrange is connected with the control signal end of controlling the controller of air intake with control charging.
Embodiment 1
Stalk, wooden chaff and wood shavings are pulverized and mixed, dry and to water content, be less than 14% and by biomass granulation machine, suppress granulation to make diameter be that 8 millimeters, length are that 20 millimeters, density are the biological particles of 1 ton/cubic metre.Biological particles is put into hopper 17, and the speed by electronic material reducing valve 16 with 50 kgs/hr adds in body of heater.In the present embodiment, the height of the burner hearth 12 of body of heater is 2 meters, the internal diameter on burner hearth 12 tops is 0.8 meter, the height of cylindrical shell 9 is 0.6 meter, the internal diameter at the cylinder end is 0.3 meter, on cylindrical shell 9, in fire grate 7 height H, be that 10 centimeters offer burner hearth blast inlet 8, burner hearth blast inlet 8 is the circular hole of 1 centimetre for being evenly arranged on 10 apertures on cylindrical shell 9.After being ignited by lighting-up tuyere 51 igniting, the slag-drip opening of water-lute ash silo 4 and lighting-up tuyere 51, regulate the blast volume of gas blower, the temperature of combustion of being measured in stove by temperature sensor 50, make the temperature of combustion in stove reach 900 ℃, biological particles is in burner hearth 12 bottom burning cracking, and the air mixture producing with ash contents such as vaporific tar and water vapour rises to burner hearth 12 tops, from escape pipe 19, enter in Sproy cyclone chamber 20, regulate blast volume and inlet amount to make the fuel gas temperature of escape pipe 19 reach 350 ℃.Cooling fluid is sprayed in 21 pairs of combustion gas that enter of shower nozzle continuously, air mixture is carried out initial gross separation and cooling downwards at chamber internal screw, remove most tar and ash content and be discharged in water seal tank 47 by leakage fluid dram, combustion gas is risen and is entered in cleaner from air outlet through pipe connecting 23; Regulate spray rate, make the fuel gas temperature at pipe connecting 23 places reach 190 ℃.Combustion gas enters after cleaner, through two-stage double-pipe condenser and comb condenser, continues sucking-off part tar and water, and tar is discharged in water seal tank 45 from leakage fluid dram, and the combustion gas of purification separation enters in cyclone chamber 32 from pipe connecting 30; The water coolant flow velocity of regulating tank 44, makes the fuel gas temperature that enters pipe connecting 30 reach 85 ℃.The combustion gas entering from pipe connecting 30 is rotated at cyclone chamber 32 internal screws, reach again the object of the ash contents such as separating tar, isolated tar is discharged in water seal tank 41 from leakage fluid dram, gas after separation is in pipe connecting 33 enters separator 34, and the liquefaction that is cooled of a small amount of tar that combustion gas contains and aqueous vapor forms liquid slag and is discharged in water seal tank 40 from leakage fluid dram; Regulate compressor, control the fuel gas temperature of combustion gas output tube 36 at 20 ℃, through the combustion gas repeatedly purifying, from combustion gas output tube 36, export for kiln.(use gas tar oil content lower than the industry standard of 50 milligrams/standard cubic meter after testing, reached the technical indicator of town gas), gas production rate is 400 cubic metres, it is 1% that tar is separated out content, fuel gases calorific value is 4300 kcal/kg, has reached ceramic kiln and has used liquefied gas or natural gas burner spray gun service requirements effect.
Embodiment 2
Stalk, wooden chaff and wood shavings are pulverized and mixed, dry and to water content, be less than 14% and by biomass granulation machine, suppress granulation to make diameter be that 10 millimeters, length are that 25 millimeters, density are the biological particles of 1.2 tons/cubic metre.Biological particles is put into hopper 17, and the speed by electronic material reducing valve 16 with 500 kgs/hr adds in body of heater.In the present embodiment, the height of the burner hearth 12 of body of heater is 8 meters, the internal diameter on burner hearth 12 tops is 2 meters, the height of cylindrical shell 9 is 1 meter, the internal diameter at the cylinder end is 1 meter, on cylindrical shell 9, in fire grate 7 height H, be that 15 centimeters offer burner hearth blast inlet 8, burner hearth blast inlet 8 is the circular hole of 2 centimetres for being evenly arranged on 16 apertures on cylindrical shell 9.After being ignited by lighting-up tuyere 51 igniting, the slag-drip opening of water-lute ash silo 4 and lighting-up tuyere 51, regulate the blast volume of gas blower, the temperature of combustion of being measured in stove by temperature sensor 50, make the temperature of combustion in stove reach 1100 ℃, biological particles is in burner hearth 12 bottom burning cracking, and the air mixture producing with ash contents such as vaporific tar and water vapour rises to burner hearth 12 tops, from escape pipe 19, enter in Sproy cyclone chamber 20, regulate blast volume and inlet amount to make the fuel gas temperature of escape pipe 19 reach 450 ℃.Cooling fluid is sprayed in 21 pairs of combustion gas that enter of shower nozzle continuously, air mixture is carried out initial gross separation and cooling downwards at chamber internal screw, remove most tar and ash content and be discharged in water seal tank 47 by leakage fluid dram, combustion gas is risen and is entered in cleaner from air outlet through pipe connecting 23; Regulate spray rate, make the fuel gas temperature at pipe connecting 23 places reach 180 ℃.Combustion gas enters after cleaner, through two-stage double-pipe condenser and comb condenser, continues sucking-off part tar and water, and tar is discharged in water seal tank 45 from leakage fluid dram, and the combustion gas of purification separation enters in cyclone chamber 32 from pipe connecting 30; The water coolant flow velocity of regulating tank 44, makes the fuel gas temperature that enters pipe connecting 30 reach 80 ℃.The combustion gas entering from pipe connecting 30 is rotated at cyclone chamber 32 internal screws, reach again the object of the ash contents such as separating tar, isolated tar is discharged in water seal tank 41 from leakage fluid dram, gas after separation is in pipe connecting 33 enters separator 34, and the liquefaction that is cooled of a small amount of tar that combustion gas contains and aqueous vapor forms liquid slag and is discharged in water seal tank 40 from leakage fluid dram; Regulate compressor, control the fuel gas temperature of combustion gas output tube 36 at 22 ℃, through the combustion gas repeatedly purifying, from combustion gas output tube 36, export for kiln.(use gas tar oil content lower than the industry standard of 50 milligrams/standard cubic meter after testing, reached the technical indicator of town gas), gas production rate is 2000 cubic metres, it is 0.07% that tar is separated out content, fuel gases calorific value is 4600 kcal/kg, has reached ceramic kiln and has used liquefied gas or natural gas burner spray gun service requirements effect.
Embodiment 3
Stalk, wooden chaff and wood shavings are pulverized and mixed, dry and to water content, be less than 14% and by biomass granulation machine, suppress granulation to make diameter be that 12 millimeters, length are that 30 millimeters, density are the biological particles of 1.3 tons/cubic metre.Biological particles is put into hopper 17, and the speed by electronic material reducing valve 16 with 1000 kgs/hr adds in body of heater.In the present embodiment, the height of the burner hearth 12 of body of heater is 12 meters, the internal diameter on burner hearth 12 tops is 3 meters, the height of cylindrical shell 9 is 2 meters, the internal diameter at the cylinder end is 2 meters, on cylindrical shell 9, in fire grate 7 height H, be that 20 centimeters offer burner hearth blast inlet 8, burner hearth blast inlet 8 is the circular hole of 5 centimetres for being evenly arranged on 20 apertures on cylindrical shell 9.After being ignited by lighting-up tuyere 51 igniting, the slag-drip opening of water-lute ash silo 4 and lighting-up tuyere 51, regulate the blast volume of gas blower, the temperature of combustion of being measured in stove by temperature sensor 50, make the temperature of combustion in stove reach 1200 ℃, biological particles is in burner hearth 12 bottom burning cracking, and the air mixture producing with ash contents such as vaporific tar and water vapour rises to burner hearth 12 tops, from escape pipe 19, enter in Sproy cyclone chamber 20, regulate blast volume and inlet amount to make the fuel gas temperature of escape pipe 19 reach 550 ℃.Cooling fluid is sprayed in 21 pairs of combustion gas that enter of shower nozzle continuously, air mixture is carried out initial gross separation and cooling downwards at chamber internal screw, remove most tar and ash content and be discharged in water seal tank 47 by leakage fluid dram, combustion gas is risen and is entered in cleaner from air outlet through pipe connecting 23; Regulate spray rate, make the fuel gas temperature at pipe connecting 23 places reach 180 ℃.Combustion gas enters after cleaner, through two-stage double-pipe condenser and comb condenser, continues sucking-off part tar and water, and tar is discharged in water seal tank 45 from leakage fluid dram, and the combustion gas of purification separation enters in cyclone chamber 32 from pipe connecting 30; The water coolant flow velocity of regulating tank 44, makes the fuel gas temperature that enters pipe connecting 30 reach 80 ℃.The combustion gas entering from pipe connecting 30 is rotated at cyclone chamber 32 internal screws, reach again the object of the ash contents such as separating tar, isolated tar is discharged in water seal tank 41 from leakage fluid dram, gas after separation is in pipe connecting 33 enters separator 34, and the liquefaction that is cooled of a small amount of tar that combustion gas contains and aqueous vapor forms liquid slag and is discharged in water seal tank 40 from leakage fluid dram; Regulate compressor, control the fuel gas temperature of combustion gas output tube 36 at 25 ℃, through the combustion gas repeatedly purifying, from combustion gas output tube 36, export for kiln.(use gas tar oil content lower than the industry standard of 50 milligrams/standard cubic meter after testing, reached the technical indicator of town gas), gas production rate is 4000 cubic metres, it is 0.05% that tar is separated out content, fuel gases calorific value is 4700 kcal/kg, has reached ceramic kiln and has used liquefied gas or natural gas burner spray gun service requirements effect.