CN102634358A - Efficient selectable pyrolysis system and using method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient selectable pyrolysis system and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient selectable pyrolysis system and a using method thereof, wherein the efficient selectable pyrolysis system comprises a furnace body, a dry distillation kettle, gas nozzles and a cooling device, wherein a furnace chamber in the furnace body is internally provided with the horizontally-arranged dry distillation kettle, wherein the dry distillation kettle comprises an upper side part, a lower side part, a kettle top and a kettle bottom; the part on the upper side part close to the kettle top is communicated with an exhaust pipe; the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected with a diffusion valve; the part on the furnace part close to the exhaust pipe is provided with a temperature meter communicated with the furnace chamber; the lower part of the lower side part is communicated with gas outlets of four staggered gas nozzles; the gas outlets of the gas nozzles are connected with a control valve; the cooling device comprises a nitrogen intake pipe and a nitrogen exhaust pipe, wherein the nitrogen intake pipe is communicated with the kettle top; the nitrogen exhaust pipe is communicated with the upper side part; and when the efficient selectable pyrolysis system is used, if carbon production is emphasized the heating is finished to pyrolysis carbonization stage, and if biomass gas production is emphasized, the heating is finished to the forging stage. The design not only has good adjustability, high cost performance and high heating efficiency, but also the finished product carbon has good quality and high production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass carbonization equipment, relate in particular to and a kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system and method for use thereof, specifically be applicable to the quality that improves the finished product charcoal, and obtain the biological fuel gas of high performance-price ratio.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of society, energy demand is also more and more, but traditional fossil energy (coal, oil, Sweet natural gas) reserves reduce day by day, and has bigger pollution, can not satisfy demands of social development, thereby presses for and seek new substitute energy.Biomass have wide, the sustainable supply of distribution, transform characteristics such as convenient, very are fit to the national conditions of China, have application promise in clinical practice, and the biomass pyrolytic system develops under this background.
The Chinese patent Granted publication number is CN201241088Y; Granted publication day is that the utility model patent on May 20th, 2009 discloses a kind of horizontal revolving low pressure internal combustion high-temperature dry distillation furnace that is used for solid biomass; Be fixed with the forward and backward end cap that seals through seal assembly at the two ends of body of heater; Feed mechanism and fire hole and fuel gas inlet are arranged on front end end cover, discharging mechanism is arranged on rear end cap, flame retardant coating, thermofin and safety protection jacket are arranged on body of heater; Along the circumferential direction be inlaid with ceramic at inboard wall of burner hearth and fold arms with the solid materials of stirring, body of heater is provided with the transmission rig of being made up of gear ring, " V " type guide rail, " V " type roller and roller carriage.Though this utility model can realize continuously directly destructive gasifying with solid biomass under low-voltage high-temperature (1000 ℃ of 800 –) condition, thermo-efficiency is more than 85%, and it still has following defective:
At first, this utility model can only disposable output finished product charcoal and combustion gas, can't be according to the kind of the needs adjustment product of producing, as bias toward and produce charcoal or bias toward the product combustion gas, adjustability is relatively poor, can't adapt to the needs of production, and cost performance is lower;
Secondly, this utility model has only a fuel gas inlet that combustion gas is provided, and firepower is little, heat inhomogeneously, not only can reduce the quality of finished product charcoal, and heating efficiency is lower, is prone to waste combustion gas;
Once more, the product charcoal that obtains in this utility model just through the cooling water jecket cooling, does not cool off before coming out of the stove after coming out of the stove; When causing coming out of the stove the finished product charcoal can with airborne oxygen combustion; Reduce the quality of finished product charcoal, and since the finished product charcoal when coming out of the stove temperature very high, be prone to scorch cooling water jecket;
Finally, the utility model is not specifically related material in the heated retort Fu, only mentioned at 800-1000 ℃ under continuous distillation, and the finished material heated charcoal, gas quality is critical, so according to the utility new high quality product can not be obtained charcoal and gas, production efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the adjustability that exists in the prior art is relatively poor, cost performance is lower, heating efficiency is lower, finished product carbonaceous amount is relatively poor, production efficiency is lower defective and problem, what provide that a kind of adjustability is better, sexual valence is more intense, heating efficiency is higher, finished product carbonaceous amount is better, production efficiency is higher efficiently can select pyrolysis system and method for use thereof.
To achieve the above object, the present invention has the technical solution: an efficient pyrolysis systems may be chosen, including the furnace, carbonization Fu and gas nozzle, said furnace chamber in the furnace body is provided with a distillation Fu, Fu is provided below the distillation a gas nozzle, and in the dry distillation Fu is connected to the exhaust pipe and the cooling device;
The horizontal arrangement was carbonized Fu, includes an upper side portion, a lower portion, Fu Fu top and bottom, the upper portion and the lower portion are located on the top and Fu Fu between the bottom, below the lower side with a plurality of interleaved setting a gas outlet of the gas nozzle, the gas burner and the furnace gas import externally set is connected to a control valve, and the furnace body is provided with a thermometer connected to the cavity.
The quantity of said gas jet is four, is respectively a gas jet, No. two gas jets, No. three gas jets and No. four gas jets;
The gas nozzle on the 1st, the 2nd gas nozzle, gas nozzle on the 3rd, the 4th set of gas nozzles staggered way: the 1st gas nozzle gas nozzle on the 2nd, the 3rd gas nozzle, the 4th gas nozzle parallel to each other, a Number of gas nozzles, the 3rd gas nozzles located along the side of the dry distillation Fu, the 2nd gas nozzle, the 4th gas nozzles located along the other side of the dry distillation Fu, located on the 1st and the 2nd gas nozzle gas nozzle, gas nozzle of the 3rd between the 3rd gas nozzle gas nozzle located on the 2nd, the 4th between the gas nozzle.
Said cooling means comprises a nitrogen inlet tube and nitrogen, said nitrogen inlet tube connected with the top Fu, said nitrogen end of the outlet pipe communicates with the upper portion and the other end extending to the outside of the furnace.
The inside of the distillation Fu feed tank is provided with two, both arranged in a row along the same tank, the bottom of the tank in contact with the roller, the roller is connected to both ends of the roller.
The upper side of the dry distillation Fu Fu near the top portion of the site is connected with one end of the exhaust pipe, the other end of the exhaust pipe through the furnace and after relief valve located outside the furnace is connected; said furnace body proximal row part of the trachea is provided with a cavity connected to a thermometer.
A kind of above-mentioned method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, this method of use comprise the pyrolysis drying stage successively, charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage are received the charcoal stage with cooling in advance;
The drying stage pyrolysis means: the dried material into the first distillation Fu, and then heating the distillation Fu heating time of 10-20 minutes, the heating process, the material from the exhaust pipe in the heating process emptying the generated gas, while the other end of the exhaust pipe connected to the relief valve at the exhaust gas ignition experiments, when they can be ignited, close the exhaust pipe to enter the pre-carbonization; drying stage the pyrolysis is sucked thermal reaction, the temperature range of 20 ℃ -150 ℃;
The pre-carbonization is: Fu heating continued distillation and collected through the exhaust pipe of the gas pre-carbonization stage generates a heating time of 30-45 minutes, when observed from the thermometer to the furnace chamber temperature was raised at 275 ℃ , into the hot solution carbonization; said pre-carbonization stage is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 150 ℃ -275 ℃;
The carbonization pyrolysis means: Fu heating continued distillation and collected through the exhaust pipe carbonization pyrolysis gas produced, the heating time of 1-2 hours, when observed from the thermometer to the oven cavity temperature to 450 ℃, the thermal decomposition carbonization end; the pyrolysis carbonization reaction is exothermic, the temperature range of 275 ℃ -450 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the pyrolysis phase carbonization, heating was stopped by cooling the product of the distillation Fu carbon was cooled, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
Said method of use also comprises in pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receives the calcination stage of charcoal between the stage, and said calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
The calcination stage is: When the end of the pyrolysis carbonization stage, continue to be heated retort Fu, when the thermometer was observed from the furnace chamber temperature rose to 500 ℃, enters the calcination stage, the calcination stage, finished carbon reduction reaction occurs , the reaction equation is C + CO
2 = 2CO, C + H
2 O = H
2 + CO, and calcination stage through the exhaust pipe collecting gases generated when observed from the thermometer to the oven cavity temperature to the set temperature, the end of the calcination stage, the set temperature in the range of 500 ℃ -1000 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the calcination stage, the heating was stopped, and the distillation apparatus by cooling the product Fu carbon was cooled, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
Said cooling means comprises a nitrogen inlet tube and nitrogen, said nitrogen inlet tube connected with the top Fu, said nitrogen end of the outlet pipe communicates with the upper portion and the other end extending to the outside of the furnace; said cooling apparatus finished within the retort Fu cooling method for carbon nitrogen cooling.
The density of said material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –.
The design temperature of said calcination stage is 600 ℃; The moity and the volume percent thereof of the gas that said calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is an efficient system and can choose the pyrolytic method of using the material in the retort is heated within Fu, if the emphasis on charcoal to obtain the finished product, the heating to the end of the pyrolysis phase carbonization, if the emphasis on the obtained biomass gas , then heated to the calcination stage ends, adjustable and strong, fully be selected according to the needs of production, and thus more in line with market demand, the higher cost.Therefore not only adjustability is better in the present invention, and sexual valence is more intense.
2, the present invention can choose an efficient system and method of use of pyrolysis retort Fu in the lower portion with a plurality of alternately arranged below the gas outlet of the nozzle of the gas, the gas nozzle gas imports and the furnace set externally controlled valve connected to the gas nozzle only quantity for multiple, plus hot and more, and staggered design, thus heating the better, make the autoclave to obtain a uniform heat environment, very uniform degree of carbonization, making the carbon output of finished products a good degree of pyrolysis, high quality, while the higher heating efficiency, gas production, low energy consumption, gas consumption accounted for the entire cycle of total gas production per heat ratio of 20% -30%, especially when the gas nozzle is four time was the best, best value for money, money; addition, the gas nozzle control valve by real-time control, according to real-time temperature of oven cavity, the heating temperature of the gas nozzle jet needs to adjust the amount, thereby regulating oven cavity temperature to obtain maximum heating efficiency.Therefore not only heating efficiency is higher in the present invention, and finished product carbonaceous amount is better.
3, the present invention can choose an efficient pyrolysis system and method of use of the cooling device comprises a nitrogen inlet and outlet pipe nitrogen, the nitrogen inlet and Fu top connected, at one end of the nitrogen out of the trachea and the upper portion connected, and the other end extending to the outside of the furnace, when used, by a nitrogen product within the carbonized carbon Fu cooling, cool, so that the finished baked carbon, not baked before the cooling of carbon can effectively remove the autoclave The heat in the products in the autoclave carbon to get a good cooling environment baked without oxygen in the air for combustion, to ensure the quality of the finished baked carbon, and nitrogen, the cooling effect is stronger than water cooling, cooling more uniform, easy to improve the quality of the finished charcoal.Therefore not only cooling performance is stronger in the present invention, and finished product carbonaceous amount is higher.
4, the present invention relates to a highly effective system and optional use of pyrolysis in the various stages of the heating, the hot solution of the drying stage, the pre-carbonization pyrolysis carbonization, calcination stage are set corresponding to the temperature range and time range, temperature range, time range is designed not only to meet the different distillation Fu conditions required for chemical reactions, but also easy to improve the gas production and the quality of the finished carbon.In practice, the need to constantly monitored thermometer oven cavity temperature, and according to real-time temperature in the furnace chamber, each reaction stage temperature control requirements of the gas nozzle, in order to ensure the normal phase, in excess of the set temperature range or time range will not only reduce gas production, reduce production efficiency, but also a waste of gas, reduce cost, and thus the present invention using only gas production of 20% -30% (ie produce 100 volumes of gas, gas nozzle only the volume of gas required to consume 20-30), can make the reaction distillation Fu sufficiently to obtain a higher quality product char and biomass gas, to obtain the best overall efficiency; Furthermore, the heating temperature calcination stage need to Actual adjustment is required, although the higher the temperature, the better the gas, but the higher the temperature, the longer combustion time, the more consumption, lower cost, does not meet the market efficiency, therefore, the present invention is preferably a temperature of calcination stage to 600 ℃, the temperature in the current economic market conditions than is optimal.Therefore not only production efficiency is higher in the present invention, and economic benefit is than being optimum.
5, a kind of material of taking in pyrolysis system and the method for use thereof of efficiently can selecting of the present invention is preferably the stalk rod through the high-density extrusion molding; The density of this stalk rod is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –; The material of this kind density can obtain pyrolysis more uniformly in still, thereby improves the quality of finished product charcoal, the not only solid not cracky of the finished product charcoal that makes at last; And calorific value is higher, at least at 29.4MJ/KG.Therefore finished product carbonaceous amount of the present invention is better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of A – A direction among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the layout synoptic diagram of gas jet among Fig. 1.
In the drawings: furnace body 1, the furnace chamber 11, a distillation Fu 2, the upper portion 21, a lower portion 22, Fu top 23, bottom 24 Fu, the gas nozzle 3, the gas outlet 31, gas inlet 32, the control valve 33 a No gas nozzle 34, II gas nozzle 35, Route gas nozzle 36, fourth gas nozzle 37, the exhaust pipe 4, the relief valve 41, the cooling device 5, nitrogen inlet 51, a nitrogen outlet pipe 52, the thermometer 6, the material tank 7, 8 rollers, roller 9.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation.
Referring to Figure 1 - Figure 3, an efficient system may be chosen pyrolysis, comprises a furnace body 1, the distillation and gas nozzle 3 Fu 2, the furnace body 1 in the furnace chamber 11 is provided with a distillation Fu 2, distillation Fu 2 3 is disposed below the gas burner, and in the distillation Fu 2 is connected to the exhaust pipe 4 and the cooling device 5;
The horizontal arrangement was carbonized Fu 2, includes an upper side portion 21, a lower side portion 22, Fu Fu bottom 23 and the top 24, the upper portion 21 and the lower portion 22 are located in the top 23 and the Fu Fu between the bottom 24, the lower portion 22 with a plurality of alternately arranged below the gas nozzle 3 is connected to a gas outlet 31, the gas nozzle 3 and a gas inlet 32 provided outside the furnace body 1 is connected to a control valve 33, and the furnace body 1 is provided with a furnace chamber 11 is connected to a thermometer 6.
The quantity of said gas jet 3 is four, is respectively gas jet 34, No. two gas jets 35, No. three gas jets 36 and No. four gas jets 37;
One of the gas nozzle 34, II gas nozzle 35, Route gas nozzle 36, fourth gas nozzle 37 is set staggered way: One gas nozzle 34, II gas nozzle 35, Route gas nozzle 36, four No gas nozzle 37 parallel to each other, the 1st gas nozzle 34, the 3rd gas nozzle 36 is located along the side of the dry distillation Fu 2, the 2nd gas nozzle 35, the 4th gas nozzle 37 is located along the other side of the dry distillation Fu 2, and the two No. 35 is located on the 1st gas nozzle gas nozzle 34, the 3rd gas nozzle 36, the 3rd gas nozzle 36 is located on the 2nd gas nozzle 35, the 4th gas nozzle 37.
Said cooling means 5 comprises a nitrogen inlet 51 and nitrogen outlet pipe 52, a nitrogen inlet pipe 51 is connected with the top portion 23 Fu, said nitrogen at one end of the pipe 52 communicates with the upper portion 21, extending to the other end of the furnace body 1 externally.
The dry distillation Fu 2 is provided with two material inside the tank 7, the two feed tank 7 arranged in a row along the same, the bottom of tank 7 in contact with the roller 8, the roller 8 is connected to both ends of the roller 9.
A kind of above-mentioned method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, this method of use comprise the pyrolysis drying stage successively, charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage are received the charcoal stage with cooling in advance;
The drying stage pyrolysis means: the dried material into the first distillation Fu 2, and the distillation Fu 2 is heated for 10 to 20 minutes, the heating process, from the material in the exhaust pipe 4 gas generated during the heating emptying, while the other end of the exhaust pipe 4 is connected to the relief valve 41 pairs of exhaust gas ignition experiments, when they can be ignited, close the exhaust pipe 4 to enter the pre-carbonization; wherein drying phase pyrolysis is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 20 ℃ -150 ℃;
The pre-carbonization is: Fu 2 continue to be heated distillation and collected through the exhaust pipe 4 is generated by the pre-carbonization gas, the heating time is 30-45 minutes, when the thermometer 6 was observed from the chamber 11 into the furnace temperature was raised to 275 ℃ when entering pyrolysis carbonization; said pre-carbonization stage is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 150 ℃ -275 ℃;
The carbonization pyrolysis means: Fu 2 continue to be heated distillation and collected through the exhaust pipe 4 carbonization pyrolysis gas produced, the heating time of 1-2 hours, when the thermometer 6 was observed from the cavity 11 temperature was increased to 450 ℃, carbonization pyrolysis end; the pyrolysis carbonization reaction is exothermic, the temperature range of 275 ℃ -450 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the pyrolysis phase carbonization, heating was stopped and the cooling device 5 through carbonized charcoal Fu 2 for cooling the product, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
Said method of use also comprises in pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receives the calcination stage of charcoal between the stage, and said calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
The calcination stage is: When the end of the pyrolysis carbonization stage, continue to be heated retort Fu 2, when observed from the thermometer 6 within the oven cavity 11 when the temperature rose to 500 ℃ calcination stage is entered, the calcination stage, finished charcoal reduction reaction occurs, the reaction equation is C + CO
2 = 2CO, C + H
2 O = H
2 + CO, and collected through the exhaust pipe 4 gas generated calcination stage, when the thermometer 6 was observed from the chamber 11 into the furnace temperature to the set temperature, the end of the calcination stage, the set temperature in the range of 500 ℃ -1000 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the calcination stage, the heating was stopped and the cooling device 5 through carbonized charcoal Fu 2 for cooling the product, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
Said cooling means 5 comprises a nitrogen inlet 51 and nitrogen outlet pipe 52, a nitrogen inlet pipe 51 is connected with the top portion 23 Fu, said nitrogen at one end of the pipe 52 communicates with the upper portion 21, extending to the other end of the furnace body 1 external; said cooling device 5 carbonized charcoal Fu 2 is finished cooling method is nitrogen cooling.
The density of said material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –.
The design temperature of said calcination stage is 600 ℃; The moity and the volume percent thereof of the gas that said calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.
Principle of the present invention is explained as follows:
One, gas jet:
Fu 2 the present invention the lower distillation section 22 is provided with a plurality of alternately arranged below the gas nozzle 3, the gas nozzle 3 and a gas outlet 31 below the lower side portion 22 is connected to the heating carbonization Fu 2, the gas nozzle 3 gas inlet 32 provided outside the furnace body 1 and the control valve 33 is connected.Use, due to the gas nozzle in an amount of more than 3, and in a staggered arrangement, which can be uniformly heated to the distillation Fu 2, to improve uniformity of heating the material, making the material very uniform degree of carbonization, finished carbon (i.e. the carbon output stick) a good degree of pyrolysis, high quality, and high efficiency heating, gas, low energy consumption, the consumption of the entire cycle of each furnace gas accounted for only a proportion of the total gas production of 20% -30%.In addition, gas jet 3 is provided with valve 33, can control the air output of gas jets 3 through valve 33, thus the temperature in the control furnace chamber 11, and to obtain the highest heating efficiency, combustion gas that the whole cycle is consumed only accounts for 20% – 30% of every stove total gas production.
Two, refrigerating unit:
The present invention, the cooling means 5 comprises a nitrogen inlet 51 and nitrogen outlet pipe 52, a nitrogen inlet pipe 51 is connected with the top portion 23 Fu, said nitrogen at one end of the pipe 52 communicates with the upper portion 21, and the other end extending to the furnace The external body 1, when used, the distillation by a nitrogen Fu 2 for cooling the carbon product, cool, so that the finished baked carbon, prior to the present invention is baked on the carbon was cooled, the autoclave can not only effectively remove the heat, carbon in the autoclave in the products get a good cooling environment baked without oxygen in the air for combustion, to ensure the quality of the finished baked carbon, and nitrogen in the cooling water cooling effect is stronger, more uniform cooling, easy improve the quality of the finished charcoal.
Three, pyrolysis drying stage, preparatory charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage and calcination stage:
The carrying out of heat-processed of the present invention selected according to the production needs, obtains the finished product charcoal if bias toward, and then is heated to the end of pyrolysis charring stage; If bias toward the acquisition biological fuel gas; Then be heated to calcination stage and finish, adjustability is stronger, selects according to the needs of producing fully; Economic benefit is than optimum, and cost performance is higher.
1, pyrolysis drying stage:
The pyrolysis drying stage is thermo-negative reaction, and its TR is 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –, and be 10 – 20 minutes heat-up time.In the pyrolysis drying stage because material heating just soon, thereby 150 ℃ before discharge all be water vapour; This part water vapour needs emptying, rather than collects, and at valve 41 places of diffusing that vapor pipe 4 the other ends connect expellant gas is carried out igniting experiments simultaneously; In the time lighting, then prove the similar of water vapour row, gas also meets the requirements; Just close vapor pipe 4, to get into the preparatory charing stage.Because it is dry that the purpose of pyrolysis drying stage is pyrolysis; It is many more that material contains moisture, and this stage is just long more, and the energy of consumption is just many more; Had only the moisture evaporate to dryness and could begin pyrolysis; Therefore want the pyrolytic material to reduce moisture as far as possible, in actual production process, generally all raw material drying equipment will be installed.
2, the preparatory charing stage:
The charing stage is thermo-negative reaction in advance, and its TR is 275 ℃ of 150 ℃ –, and be 30 – 45 minutes heat-up time.When the moisture in the material after the pyrolysis drying stage is by evaporate to dryness, along with the rising of temperature, get into the preparatory charing stage, in this stage, unstable constituentss such as the semicellulose in the material begin to decompose, that at this moment discharge mainly is C0
2, C0 gas and a spot of acetic acid, the gas heating value of output is very low.
3, the pyrolysis charring stage:
The pyrolysis charring stage is thermopositive reaction, and its TR is 450 ℃ of 275 ℃ –, and be 1 – 2 hours heat-up time.When temperature continuation rising, when surpassing 275 ℃, material begins to accelerate to decompose; Along with temperature improves, decomposition rate is accelerated, and produces a large amount of resolvents; Like methane, ethane, ethene, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, wood tar oil etc., owing to contain oxygen element in the biomass, this stage is thermopositive reaction; Need not heat outward just can make the reaction go on, this stage can remain to 450 ℃.
Biomass carbonization pyrolytic primary product all forms in this stage, and particularly wood vinegar, wood tar oil almost form in this stage all.If at this moment stop heating, the product that obtains has charcoal, biological fuel gas, wood tar oil, wood vinegar, and wherein the output of charcoal is the highest; Biological fuel gas output is then very low, because also have some volatile matters not to be decomposed out in the product charcoal, the calorific value of biological fuel gas at this moment is not too high; Generally about 3000 kilocalorie/cubic meters,, generally just stop to have heated in this stage if selection is main with the finished product charcoal; To obtain the effect of voluminous charcoal, raw material per ton can produce charcoal 330Kg – 400Kg, is main if select to produce the material combustion gas; Pyrolytic process also will continue, and promptly carries out calcination stage.
4, calcination stage:
Calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction, and the scope of its design temperature is 1000 ℃ of 500 ℃ –.The calcination stage temperature can be heated to 500 ℃, also can be added to 600 ℃, 700 ℃, and even more than 1000 ℃.Calcination stage is along with the rising of temperature no longer produces wood vinegar and tar, and only produces biological fuel gas, and the moity of biological fuel gas and volume percent thereof are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.This stage can make the calorific value of biological fuel gas improve greatly, and for example, one ton of material is 1000 ℃ of following pyrolysis, and the calorific value of biological fuel gas can reach 6000 kilocalorie/cubic meters, and the output of charcoal has only 220Kg-230Kg.
What need particularly point out is: calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction, and that is to say needs outer heating, so see from cost performance balance angle; Be not that pyrolysis temperature is high more good more; In actual production, select which type of pyrolysis temperature, during essential factor, because of ground, decide because of product structure, because of the production purpose, according to the existing market situation actually; If the calcination stage temperature is chosen as 600 ℃, then economic benefit is than being optimum.
Production data of the present invention is following:
Raw material: 1900kg/ stove;
Finished product charcoal bulk density: 0.143g/cm3;
Gas production rate: 570Nm3/ stove;
Combustible gas calorific value: about 3500 kilocalories/Nm3;
Wood vinegar: 428kg/ stove;
Wood tar oil: 95kg/ stove;
Dry materials temperature: 150 ℃ of 20 ℃ –;
Dried material water ratio: 10% – 15%;
The amount of gas consumed retort Fu: 140-170Nm3 / h;
Air consumption: be 3 times of combustion gas;
Nitrogen consumption: 50Nm3/h (be interrupted and use gas).
Embodiment 1: this embodiment only is heated to the pyrolysis charring stage, is main to obtain the finished product charcoal:
A highly Optional pyrolysis system comprises a furnace body 1, the distillation Fu 2, the gas nozzle 3 and the cooling device 5, the furnace body 1 in the furnace chamber 11 is provided with a distillation Fu 2, the distillation was horizontal Fu 2 arrangement, includes an upper side portion 21, a lower side portion 22, Fu Fu bottom 23 and the top 24, the upper portion 21 and the lower portion 22 are located on the top 23 and the Fu Fu between the bottom 24, the upper portion 21 of the top near Fu 23 parts of the exhaust pipe 4 is connected at one end, the other end of the exhaust pipe 4 through the furnace body 1 after the furnace body 1 and is located outside of the relief valve 41 is connected to the furnace body 1 is close to the site of the exhaust pipe 4 is provided with communicating with the cavity 11 of the thermometer 6 and the lower side portion 22 is set below the four staggered gas nozzle 3 is connected to the gas outlet 31, the gas nozzle 3 and a gas inlet 32 provided outside the furnace body 1 is connected to a control valve 33, Fu 2 and inside the retort is provided with two feed tank 7, the two feed tank 7 is arranged in a row along the same, the bottom of the tank 7 in contact with the roller 8, the roller 8 is connected to both ends of the roller 9;
Four gas nozzles three gas nozzles 34 respectively on the 1st, the 2nd gas nozzle 35, the 3rd and the 4th gas gas nozzles 36 nozzles 37; wherein the 1st gas nozzle 34, the 2nd gas nozzle 35, the 3rd gas nozzle 36 , the 4th set the gas nozzle 37 is staggered way: the 1st gas nozzle 34, the 2nd gas nozzle 35, the 3rd gas nozzle 36, the 4th gas nozzle 37 parallel to each other, the 1st gas nozzle 34, the 3rd gas nozzle 36 with located on one side of the dry distillation Fu 2, the 2nd gas nozzle 35, the 4th gas nozzle 37 is located along the other side of the dry distillation Fu 2, and the 2nd gas nozzle 35 is located on the 1st gas nozzle 34, the 3rd gas nozzle 36, Three gas nozzles 36 located II gas nozzle 35, fourth between the gas nozzle 37;
Said cooling means 5 comprises a nitrogen inlet 51 and nitrogen outlet pipe 52, a nitrogen inlet pipe 51 is connected with the top portion 23 Fu, said nitrogen at one end of the pipe 52 communicates with the upper portion 21, extending to the other end of the furnace body 1 externally.
A kind of above-mentioned method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, this method of use comprise the pyrolysis drying stage successively, charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage are received the charcoal stage with cooling in advance;
The drying stage pyrolysis means: the dried material into the first distillation Fu 2, and the distillation Fu 2 is heated for 10 to 20 minutes, the heating process, from the material in the exhaust pipe 4 gas generated during the heating emptying, while the other end of the exhaust pipe 4 is connected to the relief valve 41 pairs of exhaust gas ignition experiments, when they can be ignited, close the exhaust pipe 4 to enter the pre-carbonization; wherein drying phase pyrolysis is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 20 ℃ -150 ℃; said material has a density of 0.8-1.2 tons / m;
The pre-carbonization is: Fu 2 continue to be heated distillation and collected through the exhaust pipe 4 is generated by the pre-carbonization gas, the heating time is 30-45 minutes, when the thermometer 6 was observed from the chamber 11 into the furnace temperature was raised to 275 ℃ when entering pyrolysis carbonization; said pre-carbonization stage is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 150 ℃ -275 ℃;
The carbonization pyrolysis means: Fu 2 continue to be heated distillation and collected through the exhaust pipe 4 carbonization pyrolysis gas produced, the heating time of 1-2 hours, when the thermometer 6 was observed from the cavity 11 temperature was increased to 450 ℃, carbonization pyrolysis end; the pyrolysis carbonization reaction is exothermic, the temperature range of 275 ℃ -450 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the pyrolysis phase carbonization, heating was stopped and the cooling device 5 through carbonized charcoal Fu 2 for cooling the product, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
Embodiment 2: this embodiment continues to be heated to calcination stage, is main to obtain biological fuel gas:
Substance is with embodiment 1, and difference is also to comprise in the method for use in pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receives the calcination stage of charcoal between the stage, and said calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
The calcination stage is: When the end of the pyrolysis carbonization stage, continue to be heated retort Fu 2, when observed from the thermometer 6 within the oven cavity 11 when the temperature rose to 500 ℃ calcination stage is entered, the calcination stage, finished charcoal reduction reaction occurs, the reaction equation is C + CO
2 = 2CO, C + H
2 O = H
2 + CO, and collected through the exhaust pipe 4 gas generated calcination stage, when the thermometer 6 was observed from the chamber 11 into the furnace temperature to the set temperature, the end of the calcination stage, the setting temperature is 600 ℃; The calcination stage the composition of the gas produced and the volume percentage of: carbon monoxide, 12% -20% 12% -13% of hydrogen, methane, 1% -3%, and the balance nitrogen;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the calcination stage, the heating was stopped and the cooling device 5 through carbonized charcoal Fu 2 for cooling the product, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
Claims (10)
1 A highly Optional pyrolysis system comprises a furnace body (1), distillation Fu (2) and the gas nozzle (3), said furnace body (1) inside the cavity (11) is provided with a distillation Fu ( 2), distillation Fu (2) is arranged below the gas nozzle (3), and in distillation Fu (2) is connected to an exhaust pipe (4) and cooling means (5), characterized in that:
The dry distillation Fu (2) Movement horizontal arrangement, includes an upper side portion (21), and the lower portion (22), Fu top (23) and Fu bottom (24), the upper portion (21), and the lower portion ( 22) are located Fu top (23) and Fu bottom (24), and the lower portion (22) with a plurality of alternately arranged below the gas nozzle (3) of the gas outlet (31) connected to the gas nozzle (3) a gas inlet (32) and the furnace (1) provided outside the control valve (33) is connected to, and in the furnace (1) is provided with a cavity (11) is connected to a thermometer (6).
2. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly efficiently can select pyrolysis system, it is characterized in that:
The quantity of said gas jet (3) is four, is respectively a gas jet (34), No. two gas jets (35), No. three gas jets (36) and No. four gas jets (37);
Said the 1st gas nozzle (34), the 2nd gas nozzle (35), the 3rd gas nozzle (36), the 4th gas nozzle (37) is set staggered way: the 1st gas nozzle (34), the 2nd Gas nozzle (35), third gas nozzle (36), fourth gas nozzle (37) parallel to each other, One gas nozzle (34), third gas nozzle (36) together in retorting Fu (2) on one side, two No gas nozzle (35), fourth gas nozzle (37) together in retorting Fu (2) on the other side, and II gas nozzle (35) is located in One gas nozzle (34), Three gas nozzles (36) Between the 3rd gas nozzle (36) is located on the 2nd gas nozzle (35), the 4th gas nozzle (37) between.
3 according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a highly efficient thermal decomposition can be selected, characterized in that: said cooling means (5) comprises a nitrogen inlet (51) and a nitrogen outlet pipe (52), a nitrogen inlet pipe (51) and Fu top (23) is connected, said nitrogen outlet pipe (52) at one end with the upper portion (21) connected to the other end extending to the furnace body (1) externally.
As claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a highly efficient system can choose the pyrolysis, wherein: said distillation Fu (2) is provided with two internal tank (7), the two feed tank (7 ) arranged in a row along the same, feed tank (7) of the bottom roller (8) in contact with the roller (8) at both ends of the roller (9) is connected.
5 according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein a highly efficient thermal decomposition can be selected, characterized in that: said distillation Fu (2) on the upper side portion (21) Near Fu top (23) parts of the exhaust tube (4) is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe (4) via the other end of the furnace body (1), and in the furnace (1) outside of the relief valve (41) is connected; said furnace body (1) in recent the exhaust pipe (4) is provided with parts of the furnace chamber (11) connected to a thermometer (6).
6. the described method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system of claim 1, this method of use comprise the pyrolysis drying stage successively, charing stage, pyrolysis charring stage are received the charcoal stage with cooling in advance, it is characterized in that:
The drying stage pyrolysis means: the dried material into the first distillation Fu (2), and the distillation Fu (2) for heating, the heating time is 10-20 minutes, the heating process, from the exhaust pipe (4) the material in the heating gases generated during emptying, while the exhaust pipe (4) connected to the other end of the relief valve (41) of the exhaust gas at the ignition experiments, when they can be ignited, close the exhaust tube (4) into the pre-carbonization; drying stage the pyrolysis is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 20 ℃ -150 ℃;
The pre-carbonization means: continue to distillation Fu (2) for heating, and through the exhaust pipe (4) collecting the pre-carbonization gas produced, the heating time is 30-45 minutes, when viewed from the thermometer (6) was observed oven cavity (11) the temperature was increased at 275 ℃ into pyrolysis carbonization; said pre-carbonization stage is an endothermic reaction, the temperature range of 150 ℃ -275 ℃;
The carbonization pyrolysis means: continue to distillation Fu (2) for heating, and through the exhaust pipe (4) collecting the pyrolysis gas produced carbonization stage heating time of 1-2 hours, when viewed from the thermometer (6) observed in the furnace chamber (11) when the temperature was increased to 450 ℃, thermal decomposition carbonization end; the pyrolysis carbonization reaction is exothermic, the temperature range of 275 ℃ -450 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the pyrolysis phase carbonization, heating was stopped, and through cooling means (5) for distillation Fu (2) for cooling the carbon product, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
7. a kind of method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: said method of use also comprises in pyrolysis charring stage, cooling receives the calcination stage of charcoal between the stage, and said calcination stage is thermo-negative reaction;
The calcination stage is: When the end of the pyrolysis phase carbonization, distillation continued Fu (2) for heating, when viewed from the thermometer (6) observed in the furnace chamber (11) temperature to 500 ℃, calcination stage is entered, calcination stage, finished carbon reduction reaction occurs, the reaction equation is C + CO
2 = 2CO, C + H
2 O = H
2 + CO, and through the exhaust pipe (4) to collect the generated gas calcination stage, when viewed from the thermometer (6) observed in the furnace chamber (11) when the temperature rises to the set temperature, calcining stage ends, the set temperature in the range of 500 ℃ -1000 ℃;
Carbon of the cooling stage is received: When the end of the calcination stage, the heating was stopped, and through cooling means (5) for distillation Fu (2) for cooling the carbon product, after cooling, the finished baked carbon storage.
As claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the pyrolysis can choose an efficient use of the system, characterized in that: said cooling means (5) comprises a nitrogen inlet (51) and a nitrogen outlet pipe (52), the said nitrogen inlet (51) and Fu top (23) is connected, said nitrogen outlet pipe (52) at one end with the upper portion (21) connected to the other end extending to the furnace body (1) external; said cooling means (5) to distillation Fu (2) of the finished cooling carbon to nitrogen cooling.
9. according to claim 6 or the 7 described a kind of method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system, it is characterized in that: the density of said material is 1.2 tons/cubic metre of 0.8 –.
10. a kind of method of use that efficiently can select pyrolysis system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the design temperature of said calcination stage is 600 ℃; The moity and the volume percent thereof of the gas that said calcination stage produces are: carbon monoxide 12% – 20%, and hydrogen 12% – 13%, methane 1% – 3%, all the other are nitrogen.
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