CN2044952U - 汽车气压应急制动装置 - Google Patents

汽车气压应急制动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2044952U
CN2044952U CN88216447U CN88216447U CN2044952U CN 2044952 U CN2044952 U CN 2044952U CN 88216447 U CN88216447 U CN 88216447U CN 88216447 U CN88216447 U CN 88216447U CN 2044952 U CN2044952 U CN 2044952U
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Prior art keywords
brake
air
air chamber
chamber
braking
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CN88216447U
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Inventor
王庭义
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Beijing Stone Group Corp.
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QINGDAO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
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Priority to CN88216447U priority Critical patent/CN2044952U/zh
Publication of CN2044952U publication Critical patent/CN2044952U/zh
Priority to US07/454,694 priority patent/US5024490A/en
Priority to DE3942993A priority patent/DE3942993A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3295Systems in which there is a pulsating signal superposed on the command signal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B60T13/26Compressed-air systems
    • B60T13/261Compressed-air systems systems with both indirect application and application by springs or weights and released by compressed air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/08Brake cylinders other than ultimate actuators
    • B60T17/083Combination of service brake actuators with spring loaded brake actuators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种汽车气压应急制动装置,具有应急制动、行车制动和驻车制动结合为一体的优点。可广泛地应用于各种道路车辆上。结合型制动气室,结构简单、重量轻、成本低。其制动推力分成两部分,气压推力和弹簧推力,二者之和做为行车制动推力。驻车和应急制动推力用弹簧推力。弹簧力始终参与制动,使制动更加平顺、且具有防抱死功能,与现有气室可完全互换。

Description

本实用新型属于对汽车制动系的改进。
目前我国生产的“解放”、“东风”两大车型的汽车,均采用气压制动系。当压缩空气进入后气室,压缩橡胶膜片,推动推杆,制动臂旋转,从而起到制动作用。但在出现管路渗漏、断裂、膜片破裂或发动机、气泵发生故障而无气源时,就不能推动制动臂。此时,制动系部分或全部失效。
世界各国均采用储能弹簧制动气室,该气室通过机械方式将进气制动气室和放气制动气室组合起来,在管路气压降到规定值或无气源时,放气制动气室中的弹簧力释放,起到应急制动作用。对气室进行分析发现:应急制动仅能进行一次。要人为地操纵手制动阀,只有在无气源时方可自动制动。两个气室结构复杂,轴向尺寸大,重量大。由于活塞精度高,成本也高。且储能弹簧为非圆柱螺旋弹簧,制造困难。
目前专利局受理的《汽车应急制动、行车制动和驻车制动结合型制动气室》采用两个气腔代替两个气室,用预压的弹簧力制动,经大量试验测试发现:弹簧要能满足制动力的要求,则制造得较大,气室重量大,起步压力高。在储气筒气压一定的情况下,可用气量少,出现误制动现象。由于前腔是常压气,仅在无气源时才能起到应急制动的效果。在管道破裂时,要把储气筒的气全放掉或拉动手制动阀才能有制动效果。
本实用新型把气室的制动推力分成两部分:气压推力和弹簧推力。用气压推力和弹簧推力之和做为行车制动推力;驻车和应急制动推力用弹簧推力。弹簧力始终参与制动,使制动更加平顺,且具有防抱死功能。
本实用新型的关键是:应急制动系统,尤其是结合型制动气室。除结合型制动气室外,其它部件均采用标准件重新组合而成。
应急制动系统如图1所示:由气泵(1)、储气筒(2)、制动总泵(3)、前制动气室(4)、放气阀(5)、结合型制动气室(6)、快放阀(7)、驻车制动控制阀(8)、解除制动控制阀(9)、双向阀(10)、解除制动储气筒(11)、单向阀(12)等部件组成。
下面结合附图1、2分四种情况分析说明该制动系统:
一、正常行车时,压缩空气经储气筒(2)、驻车制动控制阀(8)、双向阀(10)、放气阀(5)进入结合型制动气室(6)的前腔,从而解除制动;制动时,从总泵(3)来的压缩空气控制放气阀(5)、将结合型制动气室(6)的前腔的压缩空气放掉。同时在气室(6)的后腔进入压缩空气,气压力与弹簧力叠加起到制动作用。
二、驻车制动时,通过驻车制动控制阀(8),将结合型制动气室(6)的前腔的压缩空气放掉,同时关闭从储气筒(2)来的气源,弹簧力释放起到驻车制动作用。
三、在管道渗漏、破裂或发动机、气泵发生故障无气源时,操纵总泵(3),控制放气阀(5),将结合型制动气室(6)前腔的压缩空气放掉,弹簧力释放起到制动作用。
四、在汽车起动有困难需要拖行时,可以操纵解除制动控制阀(9),压缩空气经双向阀(10)、放气阀(5),进入结合型制动气室(6)的前腔,起到解除制动的作用。此时,通过关闭解除制动控制阀(9),可以使汽车全制动5次以上。
结合型制动气室(6)如图2所示:由前叉(27)、调整螺母(26)、推杆(13)、防护罩(14)、密封圈(15)、导向套(16)、气室前壳(17)、前腔进气口(18)、前腔(19)、膜片(20)、弹簧(21)、(28)、气室后壳(22)、后腔进气口(23)、后腔(24)、卡箍(25)等零件组成。气室前壳(17)、后壳(22)和膜片(20)由卡箍(25)压紧,分隔成两个气室。该气室仅有一个推杆和一个膜片,简化了工艺,降低了成本。橡胶膜片也可由可移动的活塞代替。调整螺母(26)采用双向螺纹,前叉(27)采用左旋螺纹,推杆(13)采用右旋螺纹,通过调整螺母可机械式地解除制动。推杆(13)上装有密封环(15),防止压缩空气泄漏。
本实用新型实施例1:将本装置装在CA15汽车上,经测试各项指标达到国标要求。在测试过程中,前制动气室膜片破裂,每制动一次气压降为198KPa,相当于紧急制动四次。在满载30km/h时,制动距离为10.58m,优于国标要求的24m和美国国家标准ANSID7.1-1973中规定的22.53m。驻车制动力为该车整备质量的38%,而国标规定是20%以上。
本实用新型实施例2:将本装置装在北海舰队某部队的一辆解放牌汽车上,停车七天,气压解除,制动系统仍能工作。尤其是在一次执行任务中,发动机突发故障而无气源。由于是山区,当时该汽车正行驶在坡度很大的下坡路上,驾驶员想到了该车装有的这套装置有自动停车功能,就大胆地把方向盘一打,汽车安然无恙地停在路旁,既避免了一场恶性事故、也没妨碍交通,检修好发动机后,通过解除制动,又安全地返回营地。
总之,本实用新型可广泛应用于采用气压制动的各种道路车辆上。具有应急制动、行车制动和驻车制动结合为一体的优点。本结合型制动气室结构简单、重量轻,在安装上与现有气室可完全互换。弹簧始终参与制动,提高了制动的平顺性,具有防抱死功能。
图2为说明书摘要附图。

Claims (5)

1、一种汽车气压应急制动装置,具有气泵(1)、储气筒(2)、制动总泵(3)、前制动气室(4),其特征在于系统中装有放气阀(5)、结合型制动气室(6)、快放阀(7)、驻车制动控制阀(8)、解除制动控制阀(9)、双向阀(10)、解除制动储气筒(11)、单向阀(12)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的汽车气压应急制动装置,其特征在于:结合型制动气室(6)由前叉(27)、调整螺母(26)、推杆(13)、防护罩(14)、密封圈(15)、导向套(16)、气室前壳(17)、气室后壳(22)、弹簧(21)、(28)、气室前腔(19)、气室后腔(24)、橡胶膜片(20)、卡箍(25)组成。气室前腔(19)、气室后腔(24)通过橡胶膜片(20)分隔。
3、根据权利要求2所述的汽车气压应急制动装置,其特征在于:结合型制动气室(6)的气室前壳(17)上开有前腔进气口(18)、气室后壳(22)上开有后腔进气口(23)。
4、根据权利要求2所述的汽车气压应急制动装置,其特征在于:结合型制动气室(6)仅有一个推杆(13),并且与推杆(13)装配一体的前叉(27)的螺纹采用左旋内螺纹,推杆(13)的螺纹采用右旋螺纹,调整螺母(26)采用双向螺纹。
5、根据权利要求2所述的汽车气压应急制动装置,其特征在于:结合型制动气室(6)的橡胶膜片(20)可由可移动的活塞代替。
CN88216447U 1988-12-27 1988-12-27 汽车气压应急制动装置 Pending CN2044952U (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN88216447U CN2044952U (zh) 1988-12-27 1988-12-27 汽车气压应急制动装置
US07/454,694 US5024490A (en) 1988-12-27 1989-12-21 Emergency compressed-air brake for automobiles
DE3942993A DE3942993A1 (de) 1988-12-27 1989-12-27 Druckluftbremse mit notbremsfunktion fuer ein fahrzeug

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN88216447U CN2044952U (zh) 1988-12-27 1988-12-27 汽车气压应急制动装置

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CN (1) CN2044952U (zh)
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1039215C (zh) * 1994-06-10 1998-07-22 王庭义 汽车制动装置的控制系统
CN1110422C (zh) * 1996-04-29 2003-06-04 王石麟 汽车自动应急制动装置
CN105587808A (zh) * 2014-10-21 2016-05-18 湖南中联重科车桥有限公司 制动气室、制动器及车辆
CN106043258A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2016-10-26 聂瑞波 刹车泵及其在装载机上的应用
CN106926834A (zh) * 2017-03-02 2017-07-07 首钢总公司 一种新型油气加力器
CN110194135A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-09-03 西安翔迅科技有限责任公司 适用于3至5节车厢的铰接式胶轮无轨电车制动系统
RU211851U1 (ru) * 2022-02-24 2022-06-24 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственная корпорация "Уралвагонзавод" имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского" Тормозной цилиндр железнодорожного вагона

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1039215C (zh) * 1994-06-10 1998-07-22 王庭义 汽车制动装置的控制系统
CN1110422C (zh) * 1996-04-29 2003-06-04 王石麟 汽车自动应急制动装置
CN105587808A (zh) * 2014-10-21 2016-05-18 湖南中联重科车桥有限公司 制动气室、制动器及车辆
CN105587808B (zh) * 2014-10-21 2018-06-08 湖南中联重科车桥有限公司 制动气室、制动器及车辆
CN106043258A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2016-10-26 聂瑞波 刹车泵及其在装载机上的应用
CN106043258B (zh) * 2016-07-26 2018-03-20 聂瑞波 刹车泵及其在装载机上的应用
CN106926834A (zh) * 2017-03-02 2017-07-07 首钢总公司 一种新型油气加力器
CN106926834B (zh) * 2017-03-02 2019-10-08 首钢集团有限公司 一种新型油气加力器
CN110194135A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-09-03 西安翔迅科技有限责任公司 适用于3至5节车厢的铰接式胶轮无轨电车制动系统
RU211851U1 (ru) * 2022-02-24 2022-06-24 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственная корпорация "Уралвагонзавод" имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского" Тормозной цилиндр железнодорожного вагона

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US5024490A (en) 1991-06-18
DE3942993A1 (de) 1990-07-05

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