CN203327637U - Vegetable paddy-upland rotation cultivation facility - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vegetable paddy-upland rotation cultivation facility. According to the vegetable paddy-upland rotation cultivation facility, a manual paddy field is arranged in a greenhouse, and is divided into a bottom soil layer, a lining seepage preventing material layer and a soil backfilling layer from bottom to top. The lining seepage preventing material layer is arranged continuously, extends and covers field ridge. In the building process of the facility, seepage preventing materials are laid after soil which is 20-30cm in depth from the surface layer in a suitable region is dug and are punned and flattened, space with the width not less than 50cm is reserved on the periphery, the soil taken out is backfilled, the peripheries of the reserved seepage preventing materials are fixed to the field rigid to completely cover the field ridge and the seepage preventing materials ensure that a pool is formed after irrigation. The vegetable paddy-upland rotation cultivation facility can be used for carrying out paddy-upland rotation in any vegetable base at any time, ensures that aquatic vegetables like lotus roots, wild rice shoots, arrowhead and water chestnuts can be planted on the basis that dryland vegetables can be planted in regions with a few water resources or sandy soil regions, and dryland vegetables like melon and fruits can be planted in a water-controlled mode on the basis that aquatic vegetables are planted in a waterflooding mode in regions, around rivers and lakes, with high underground water levels.

Description

A kind of vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility

Technical field

The utility model has disclosed a kind of vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility.Belong to agricultural (vegetables) culture technique field.

Background technology

The facilities horticulture of China, through the development of three more than ten years, has basically formed establishment type, production model and the technical system of zones of different characteristic.The Installation Vegetable Cultivation area has surpassed 2,000,000 hectares, and from establishment type, big-and-middle canopy accounts for 40%, greenhouse by solar heat accounts for 20%, attached-greenhouse is below 0.5%.At In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, main by facilities such as development plastic tunnels, area accounts for 18%～21% of the whole nation.Along with the specialization of facilities vegetable and the development of large-scale production, Soil-sickness Problem also becomes increasingly conspicuous.Continuous cropping obstacle control be a great problem that in significant period of time from now on, vegetables industry faces (the power .2011. Eleventh Five-Year Plan China's facilities vegetable production of analogy scape and Progress & New Products and prospect thereof. China's Vegetable, 2:11-23; The problem of Liu Jia .2012. China vegetables production status and development and existence. Chinese agriculture information, 7:24-26).The rice field-upland field rotation that " paddy rice-wheat " be representative of take is China Traditional Ecological cropping pattern (Lu Ping, Yang Linzhang, Yan Tingmei, Yin Shixue. the substitution of fertilizer nitrogen to Soil Nitrogen under rice wheat crop rotation condition. soil journal, 06 phase in 2006), therefore, the rice field-upland field rotation of carrying out vegetables under facility condition also can prevent and treat continuous cropping obstacle preferably: reduce top layer alkali ion concentration, flood the disease pest and weed (Jiang Xiezeng that kills the living vegetables of harm drought, Miao Min jade-like stone, Zeng Xiaoping, vegetables rice field-upland field rotation new model in Cao Guangliang .2011. facility. China's Vegetable, 9:46-49.) but because of China's water resource totally poor, existing most of facilities vegetables base subterranean water level is lower, the rear quick seepage of pouring water, be difficult to long-time water storage plantation aquatic vegetable, enable to plant aquatic crops by pouring water in a large number, also may ooze under water and reduce plant recovery of nutrient and may cause groundwater contamination (Yan Dezhi by a large amount of Nutrients, Wang Dejian, Lin Jinghui. the TAI HU AREA nitrogen fertilizer amount supplies nitrogen to soil, paddy rice inhales the impact of nitrogen and underground water.Soil journal, 03 phase in 2005); Surrounding area, Huan Hu river may be higher due to subterranean water level, soil moisture is large and it is too high to cause in closed installation air humidity, the facility that is difficult to carry out the living vegetables of drought such as melon and fruit class efficiently plants that (the river solution increases Miao Min jade-like stone, the regional development industrialized agriculture of going to river in Cheng Yufu .2010. countermeasure. Rural Areas of Jiangsu Province economy, 2:50).

The substrate cultivation is carried out in the less areas of water resource such as Zhengzhou, henan, Feicheng, Shandong, solved lotus root pond moisture leakage problems (Ru Weimin, Ren little Li, Li Zhenhe, Qin Qingyun. lotus rhizome is built pond and is made the lattice high yield technology. agrotechnique and equipment, 01 phase in 2009), the planting area of lotus rhizome is greatly expanded.But the backing material of many so-called hard ponds lotus rhizome is to water the end with cement, and construction cost is high, returns later soil remediation and brings hidden danger; Also have above sclerosis lotus root pond and set up again booth, carry out rice field-upland field rotation report (Xu Shoudong. the High-efficient Production technology is supported in two kind one, booth sclerosis lotus root pond. China's Vegetable, 2008 (9): 50-51), but its pattern is single, and booth adopts and moulds skeleton structure without pillar arch magnesite concrete or steel, span 9m, high 2.5m, bow member spacing 3.5m, cover without dripping antifog plastic foil.It is the lotus root pond of hardening be that build on basis, with a large amount of 6m that use or standardization monomer booth or the beam-connected greenhouse of 8m wide cut at present, compare, or cost is higher, or undercapacity, service life are shorter, are not easy to large scale application.For reclaimed soil thickness, the variable thickness of lotus rhizome pond reclaimed soil in pertinent literature, has plenty of 20-25cm(Liu Min, Li Ruifeng. sclerosis pond lotus root standardized production technology. modern countryside science and technology, 2009 (23): 16-17), the thick 35-40cm(of the reaching Song Dynasty brocade had, Yang Hongling, Chen Ling, Kong Lingwu. form pond fish lotus root is raised together with high yield technique. aquaculture, 2004,5:4-5), but, in vegetables produce, soil layer blocked up (>30cm) can increase the difficulty of gathering, the increase cost of the underground product organ type aquatic vegetables such as lotus rhizome; The breakage of backing material may ditch, cause while building furrow the living vegetables of drought to soil layer excessively thin (<30cm).And, the report of carrying out other aquatic vegetable plantations is not yet arranged.And declaring patent " a kind of method of arrowhead breeding and seedling nursing with equipment (201210104119) " and Xu Zhihao, Jiang Xiezeng etc. declare the described device of patent " a kind of water caltrop grow seedlings fast-growing canopy (201220156957) ", only limit to that propagating materials is less, itself with the aquatic vegetable of more nutrient growing seedlings the stage as water caltrop, arrowhead, Gorgon fruit, water chestnut, and be generally small-scale, temporary facility, be difficult to carry out normal production.

In addition, the livings vegetables of facility drought in producing, also have a lot of cultivating groove devices (Hu Shengming. organic fruits and vegetables cultivating groove .CN202456020U; Jin Zhenliang. a kind ofly take the organic waste composite substrate as main capsicum soilless-cultivated seedling method .CN102613057A; Kong Caichun. trapezoidal combination device for soilless culture .CN102027876A; Gui Min, week increases, Song Jie, etc. a kind of plant cultivating device .CN202722118U; Feng Guangping, Wang Hao, Ma Caiwen, Deng. improved production substrate culture groove .CN201733687U), but they are for the living vegetables design of drought, or use cement to water the end, or use brick vallum body to add the plastic film shop fixtures, or use foam, plank to add the plastic film shop fixtures, inner fill light matrix, adopt the modes such as drip irrigation, micro-spray to supply water and carry out water-saving culture, be difficult to bear for a long time the above water layer of 20cm and carry out the aquatic vegetable plantation, and the cultivating groove width mostly is no more than 1m, also without relevant report.

Aquatic vegetable research be take as main in this project team.In recent years carry out aquatic vegetable facility cultivation new varieties, new technology and facilities vegetable rice field-upland field rotation and administer the research of continuous cropping obstacle new model, when carrying out facility ealy maturing culture early spring, due to the cold water that frequently pours into extraneous river, affected the raising of temperature in facility and maintained, thereby having affected the effect of ealy maturing culture.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome above-mentioned defect, the utility model has disclosed a kind of vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility.

Described vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility, comprise inner without the protection facility more than the line space 3m of support or support; Be provided with artificial paddy field in the protection facility, described artificial paddy field is substratum, substrate impervious material layer and back fill course water layer from the bottom to top, and substrate impervious material layer is uninterrupted the setting, extends to the covering ridge.

Described back fill course thickness 20-30cm; The pour water water layer of rear formation of paddy field is not less than 20cm.Described protection facility refers to booth or greenhouse etc.The size and number in the artificial paddy field in same protection facility can arrange according to actual conditions.

Above-mentioned facility can be built by following method: existing inner without the booth more than the line space 3m of support or support, in the protection such as greenhouse facility, or before building this type of overground part facility, growth characteristics according to plan plantation aquatic vegetable and the living vegetable species of drought, take the top layer 20-30cm soil of Production Zones Suitable, lay the continual impervious material of continuity as the high-density polyethylene plastics film after the compacting leveling, the reserved 50cm that is no less than of surrounding, by the soil backfill of taking out, reserved impervious material surrounding has been carried, surrounding area, Huan Hu river should make impervious material implement all standing to peripheral ridge, in case lower soil moisture evaporation causes in facility that air humidity is too high, the impact drought is given birth to vegetable growth, enable to form pond and can keep water layer to be not less than 20cm after pouring water.Thereby both can be in water resource on the bases of less or livings vegetables of sand soil ecological region planting drought, carry out the aquatic vegetables such as lotus rhizome, wild rice stem, arrowhead, water caltrop and cultivate; On the basis of low-level bog ecological region planting aquatic vegetable that also can be higher in subterranean water level, the major part drought of carrying out except the deep-rootedness root vegetables is given birth to vegetable growing.

The utility model has the advantages that: (1) can be according to relevant vegetable species characteristics breeding time, corresponding rice field-upland field rotation pattern is set arbitrarily, can effectively administer continuous cropping obstacle by rice field-upland field rotation, can expand again aquatic vegetable planting area, enrich local vegetable basket supply; (2) give birth to for the existing utility drought problem that Vegetable Base is difficult for water storage plantation aquatic vegetable, aquatic vegetable is planted in water storage well, and low temperature season can not affect because frequently pouring into extraneous cold water rising and the maintenance of temperature in facility; (3) be difficult to carry out the problem of the living vegetables facility Efficient Cultivation of drought such as melon and fruit class because subterranean water level is higher for surrounding area, Huan Hu river, can completely cut off the rising of underground water and make soil and the interior air humidity maintenance of canopy reduced levels, thereby make the living vegetables of drought in facility be able to the normal growth growth; (4) can only give birth to for drought the problem of vegetable growing for the cultivating groove of applying in current production, can be not only for drought, give birth to vegetable growing, but also cultivate for aquatic vegetable; (5) problem that can't carry out normal production for aquatic vegetable nursery ponds such as arrowhead, water caltrops, both can carry out growing seedlings of aquatic vegetable, can carry out again conventional production; (6) high density polyethylene (HDPE) has tensile strength preferably, be laid on earthing after leveling compacting after, cracky not, even and a small amount of breakage is arranged, also there is moisture capacity preferably in the same old way.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is based in the monomer booth schematic diagram of carrying out the aquatic vegetable cultivation.

Embodiment

The utility model facility schematic diagram, as Fig. 1, is provided with artificial paddy field in steelframe booth 6, artificial paddy field is substratum 4, substrate impervious material layer 1, back fill course 2 and water layer from the bottom to top, and substrate impervious material layer 1 is uninterrupted the setting, extends to and covers ridge 5; The pour water water layer 3 of rear formation of paddy field is not less than 20cm.

Embodiment: implement in the steel-framed plastic greenhouse of Yangzhou University vegetables experimental field 6m wide cut (1), and soil is sandy loam.Experimental field, after each aquatic vegetable plant growth cycle completes, generally all arranges the living vegetables of drought such as plantation a variety of Chinese cabbage, cucumber, tomato, implements rice field-upland field rotation to prevent continuous cropping obstacle.1. respectively excavation long * wide * be the pond of 1.2-1.5m * 1.2-1.5m * 0.25m deeply, for the small plot experiment of aquatic vegetable facility ealy maturing culture, in canopy, the non-irrigated living vegetables such as a variety of Chinese cabbage were planted in other zones at that time; 2. dig the planting groove that wide cut is respectively 2m and 2.5m wide cut in booth, add both sides and middle each 0.5m of ridge; 3. on both sides and two ends stay 0.5m to build ridge, whole booth becomes a pond after pouring water, the stubble melon and fruit class such as be cucumber, tomato and the leaf vegetabless such as a variety of Chinese cabbage, lettuce are the main living vegetables of shallow root drought before booth.

(2) at the bottom of pond after smooth compacting, the commercial polyethylene plastic film that to lay bilayer thickness be 0.1mm.

(3) reclaimed soil, stay part soil to increase ridge, makes ridge exceed the surperficial about 30cm of soil in pond, and the plastic film that surrounding is remaining has been carried, compacting.

(4) according to growth characteristics and the test requirements document of different aquatic vegetables, carry out the aquatic vegetable single-strain plantings such as water caltrop, arrowhead, water arum, Chinese celery, community plantation, whole canopy production demonstration plant etc., plant the living vegetables of drought such as green vegetables, tomato, cucumber during empty stubble.

(5) before implementing, after pouring water, because the moisture seepage can only maintain about 3 days, affected the growth of aquatic vegetable owing to frequently pouring into extraneous cold water early spring at every turn.After enforcement, the scheme in above-mentioned (1) 1. experimental plot is poured water at every turn and can be maintained more than 15 days; Scheme booth is 2. poured water at every turn can be maintained more than 10 days after taking plastic film off; Scheme whole booth 3. is because transpiring moisture refluxes, and once pours water on closed state in early spring and can maintain more than 30 days, effectively guaranteed the raising of water temperature and maintain, promoted the growth of aquatic vegetable.

Claims (3)

1. a vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility, comprise inner without the protection facility more than the line space 3m of support or support; It is characterized in that, be provided with artificial paddy field in the protection facility, described artificial paddy field is substratum, substrate impervious material layer and back fill course from the bottom to top, and substrate impervious material layer is uninterrupted the setting, extends to the covering ridge.

2. vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility according to claim 1, is characterized in that back fill course thickness is 20-30cm, and the pour water water layer of rear formation of paddy field is not less than 20cm.

3. vegetables rice field-upland field rotation cultivating facility according to claim 1, is characterized in that described impervious material is the high-density polyethylene plastics film.

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