CN202204632U - 用于感测过程流体的压力的压力传感器和过程控制变送器 - Google Patents
用于感测过程流体的压力的压力传感器和过程控制变送器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种用于感测过程流体的压力的压力传感器,所述压力传感器包括被暴露到过程流体的压力的传感器主体。传感器主体响应于所述压力变形。从传感器主体悬挂的膜片具有响应于传感器主体的变形而改变的张力。膜片的谐振频率被测量。测量的谐振频率指示过程流体的管路压力和隔离填充流体系统的完整性。除测量谐振频率之外,振动模式本身可以用作用于评定传感器健康状态的诊断工具。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及在工业过程控制系统中使用类型的压力变送器。更具体地,本实用新型涉及一种在压力变送器中使用的压力传感器。
背景技术
压力变送器在工业过程控制系统中用于监测过程流体的压力。压力变送器包括连接到过程流体并提供响应过程流体施加的压力的输出的压力传感器。一种众所周知类型的压力变送器为可从Chanhassen,Minnesota的Rosemount股份有限公司获得的Model 3051变送器。例如,在美国专利第5,094,109号中也显示了压力变送器。
在测量压差的许多设备中,还常常需要获得管路压力测量值(即,管或管道中的过程流体的压力)。例如,管路压力可以用于确定过程流体的质量流或者用于其它控制应用。然而,当除了压差测量之外还需要管路压力测量时,典型地需要另外的压力传感器。该另外的压力传感器需要额外的部件并连接到过程流体。这些额外部件导致增加了复杂性和费用,并且增加出现故障的可能性。
进一步地,许多压力感测技术通过隔离结构连接到过程流体,所述隔离结构使用暴露于过程流体的隔离膜片和将压力传感器连接到隔离膜片的隔离填充流体。该隔离结构可能潜在性地成为过程装置中的误差、复杂性和潜在故障的来源。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的旨在消除或至少减少现有技术的上述一个或多个缺陷,提供一种用于感测过程流体的压力的压力传感器,传感器主体变形时,膜片的谐振频率改变,提供测量谐振频率,可以确定所施加的压力,从而避免过程装置中的误差、复杂性和潜在故障。
根据本实用新型的一方面,提供了一种用于感测过程流体的压力的压力传感器,包括:可变形传感器主体,所述可变形传感器主体被暴露到所述过程流体的压力,其中所述传感器主体响应于所述压力而变形;膜片,所述膜片通过所述传感器主体被悬挂,并且具有响应于所述传感器主体的变形而变化的张力,其特征在于,所述压力传感器还包括:谐振频率传感器,所述谐振频率传感器感测所述膜片的谐振频率,所述谐振频率指示所述过程流体的压力。膜片的谐振频率被测量。测量的谐振频率指示管路过程流体的压力和隔离填充流体系统的完整性。除测量谐振频率之外,振动模式本身可以用作用于评定传感器健康状态(health)的诊断工具。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种过程控制变送器,该过程控制变送器包括连接到根据本实用新型的第一方面所述的压力传感器的变送器电路。
附图说明
图1是根据本实用新型的压力传感器的横截面立体图;
图2是从施加到图1的传感器的压力口的压力的结果显示图1的压力传感器的横截面图;
图3是包括声源的压力传感器的横截面图;
图4是包括根据本实用新型的压力传感器的过程变量变送器的横截面图;以及
图5A-5F显示根据本实用新型的中心膜片的示例性谐振模式。
具体实施方式
本实用新型涉及在工业过程控制系统的压力变送器中使用类型的压力传感器。对于本实用新型,压力传感器被设置成包括可变形传感器主体。膜片安装到传感器主体。当主体变形时,膜片的谐振频率改变。谐振频率可以被测量,并且可以确定所施加的压力。
图1为根据本实用新型的一个实施例的压差传感器10的立体横截面图。压力传感器10为压差传感器结构的一个实例,并且包括延伸通过传感器主体23的压力连接器26。传感器主体由半单元46和48形成,并且包括金 属和玻璃合成物。传感器10内的空腔25承载填充流体。可移动膜片16横过空腔25延伸并被构造成响应施加的压差而移动。电极(电容器极板)20A和20B被布置在传感器10的空腔25中。连接到电极20和膜片16的电连接装置40用于测量电极20与膜片16之间的电容。该电容随着膜片响应施加的压力移动而变化,并且可用于确定施加的压差。该压差测量值可以用于确定管或管道中的流量。
根据本实用新型,谐振声换能器96(图3中所示)连接到压力传感器10的可变形压力传感器主体23,并且被构造成使膜片16谐振,所述膜片的频率响应于过程流体的管路压力变化。电极20A和20B可以用作谐振拾取器并在下面更详细地说明。
当压差通过压力连接器26施加到传感器主体23时,除膜片16的运动之外,传感器主体23的整体形状还响应于管路压力变化。传感器主体的这种形状变形将改变膜片16的谐振频率。膜片的谐振频率可以根据任何适当的技术来测量。例如,声换能器(源)可以用于使膜片16谐振。接着可以通过测量电极20A和20B与膜片16之间的电容的变化来发送膜片的谐振频率。
以下方程式用于推算预加应力膜的谐振频率:
其中:
fn=膜的固有频率(Hz)
λij=基于根据波节半径(i)和波节直径(j)的谐振模式的常量
σ=中心膜片的张力(psi)
p=与质量体积和重力成函数的膜材料特性(lb-s2/ln4)
A=谐振膜的有效面积
方程式1描述了可以用于通过测量使膜片谐振的频率计算中心膜片张力的关系。简化方程式1显示为:
所述方程式指出中心膜片的谐振频率与中心膜片16的张力的平方根成比例。
图2为显示传感器10的主体响应于从过程流体施加的管路压力的变形 的传感器10的简化横截面图。空腔深度响应于施加的压力而增加,从而导致半单元46和48完全向内偏转。这导致中心膜片16的张力(应力)减小。如图2所示,空腔深度(Z0)随着管路压力的增加而增加(ΔZ)。所述偏转遵循胡克定律并与管路压力P成正比,即:
Z=Z0+kzP (方程式3)
其中kz为管路压力与空腔深度之间的比例的弹簧常数。类似地,传感器在中心膜片(CD)处的半径(r)由于施加的管路压力而缩小(Δr)。该偏转与管路压力(p)成线性关系:
r=ro-krP (方程式4)
其中kr为管路压力与径向变化之间的比例的弹簧常数。由于此,CD应力也为管路压力的线性函数:
σ=σ0-kσP (方程式5)
其中kσ为管路压力与中心膜片应力之间的比例的弹簧常数。由于CD应力为双向,因此应变可以如下转换成应力:
共振为一种谐波现象,其中无源主体响应外部振动,其中所述外部与该无源主体相应类似调谐。能量利用共振可以在谐振系统之间进行传送和储存。利用本实用新型,传感器主体中心膜片16例如通过声源以共振方式谐振。中心膜片在声学上和机械上达到谐振,并且测量谐振频率以确定管路压力。谐振频率还可以用于诊断中心膜片以及隔离膜片和压力连接器的完整性,所述隔离膜片和所述压力连接器被填充有油并用于使传感器与过程流体隔离。
中心膜片将根据其张力以特定的频率谐振。影响中心膜片张力的因素包括管路压力、压差和温度。当在装置中测量压差和温度时,压差和温度 对膜片张力改变的贡献可以被特征化,因此补偿其影响。由此,仅管路压力保持未知,且可以如方程式8所说明来计算所述管路压力的频率贡献值:
fLP=f测量-fDP±f温度 (方程式8)
当中心膜片从其中性轴线移动时,压差将增加张力(并增加谐振频率)。当材料膨胀或收缩时,传感器温度将增加或减小中心膜片上的张力。
对于基于谐振膜片的实际传感器,介质衰减的问题变得重要。当膜片被液体(例如,在典型的应用中为隔离油)包围时,膜片的谐振性能将被严重地衰减。这由于油例如必须物理上移动以便使膜片振动而产生的。该问题可以通过几种方式来减轻:一种方式是在将对膜片衰减具有减小的影响的气体介质中使用传感器。然而,在一些应用中,这是不切实可行的,并且典型地为油的液体必须与膜片接触。
为了防止此问题,可以采用第二种方法。高阶谐振模式的膜片往往在使膜片膜绷紧时具有许多波动,并且典型地具有较低位移振幅。这减小了净容积排量,并因此使得图5C中所示的模式的衰减没有图5A中所示的模式所发生的衰减严重。
更加有效的第三种方法是仅激励图5D-5F中显示的通常所说的“方位不对称”模式。这些特定的模式由于向上移动被反向成相等的向下移动而具有不会转移任何净容积的优点。
因此,为了使膜片与液体接触时的谐振衰减最小,应该考虑最高阶方位不对称模式。
当进行诊断时,如果传感器的一些方面已经改变,则被激励的特定模式也可以改变,并因此如果进行检测则将指示出传感器中的潜在故障。
图3为压力传感器单元10的横截面图。在图3中,电极20被显示为中心电极20A和环形电极20B。这些电极连接到电连接装置40。声换能器96显示为安装到半单元46中的一个,并且用于将声信号施加到中心膜片16。声换能器96连接到导线98并被驱动到一定频率或扫过一定范围的频率,以便激励中心膜片谐振。该谐振可以通过测量电极20A/20B与中心膜片16之间的电容的变化而被检测到。尽管在该实例中说明了电容用于检测中心膜片16由于谐振出现的偏转,但是也可以使用其它技术。这些技术包括声学技术、光学技术、机械技术或其它感测技术。
图4为包括具有声换能器96的根据本实用新型的一个实施例的压力传感器102变送器100的横截面图。工业中已知变送器100具有共平面TM平台(CoplanarTMplatform),并且隔离膜片106和108在相同平面中大致对齐。凸缘111通过螺栓110连接到变送器100,从而使压力P1和P2结合到隔离膜片106和108。衬垫109提供凸缘111与隔离膜片106之间的密封。基本上不可压缩的流体在压力连接器120中被运送,所述压力连接器连接到压力传感器102。与压力传感器10相似,传感器102具有由分别用玻璃材料116、118填充的两个半单元112、114形成的传感器主体。导电体124连接到电容器极板(未示出),所述电容器极板被支承在为脆性材料116、118的传感器表面上。膜片122响应于由变送器电路123检测的电容变化造成的施加压力P1和P2而偏转,其中所述变送器电路在过程控制回路上提供与压力P1和P2相关的输出。过程控制回路可以依照任何适当的标准,包括诸如4-20mA电流回路的双线过程控制回路、基于 或现场总线的控制回路、无线回路等。另外,过程控制回路可以包括无线控制回路,在所述无线控制回路中,无线通信技术用于传送数据。
除了如上所述根据中心膜片的谐振确定管路压力之外,谐振频率和模式类型也可以用于确定中心膜片以及油填充系统的状态。变送器电路123提供诊断电路并通过导线98连接到声换能器96。电路123被构造成给换能器96提供能量,并且如上所述作出响应地感测膜片122的谐振频率。电路123可以例如在变送器输出上提供诊断输出。损坏中心膜片或发生漏油将导致中心膜片的谐振频率改变。尽管说明了谐振的测量是基于电容的改变,但是可以采用其它测量技术,例如使用声学技术、光学技术、机械技术或其它感测技术。测量的谐振频率可以根据测量的提高测量值精度所需的压差和温度进行补偿。如果需要温度补偿,则温度传感器可以热连接到压力传感器102,如图4中所示。温度传感器130可以依照任何适当的传感器技术并连接到电路123。中心膜片122的谐振频率中的偏移可以指示诸如孔、穿孔或撕裂的膜片的物理损坏,或者膜片或变送器部件的其它损坏。膜片的一侧或多侧的油压损失也将导致谐振频率改变。在一种结构中,也可以使用预加应力膜、声换能器(源)和拾音器获得压差测量值。隔离膜片的谐振的测量值可以用于确定隔离膜片的完整性并指示管路压力。还可以使用静电技术诱导膜片谐振。在另一个实例中,用于使中心膜片进入谐振 的能量源被定位在变送器外的位置处。例如,测试装置可以被构造成连接到变送器并将声能传送到变送器中,从而使膜片进入谐振。
尽管上述说明已经论述了为玻璃与金属合成物的传感器主体,但是也可以采用其它具有理想特性的材料。实例包括塑料或类似材料。任何适用于感测谐振的技术都可以使用,例如电容、应变仪、光学技术、硅技术等。进一步地,多个传感器可以用于安全性、冗余性、自动证实或类似应用。这里使用的“谐振频率传感器”可以包括用于测量或感测中心膜片的谐振频率的任何适当的传感器技术。在这里显示的图中,谐振频率传感器被显示为声源和单独的位移传感器,所述位移传感器根据电容测量中心膜片的位移。然而,本实用新型不局限于该特定的谐振频率传感器。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于感测过程流体的压力的压力传感器,包括:
可变形传感器主体,所述可变形传感器主体被暴露到所述过程流体的压力,其中所述传感器主体响应于所述压力而变形;
膜片,所述膜片通过所述传感器主体被悬挂,并且具有响应于所述传感器主体的变形而变化的张力;其特征在于,所述压力传感器还包括:
谐振频率传感器,所述谐振频率传感器感测所述膜片的谐振频率,所述谐振频率指示所述过程流体的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述可变形传感器主体包括玻璃及金属传感器主体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述谐振频率传感器包括声源。
4.根据权利要求3所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述谐振频率传感器还包括电容器极板,所述电容器极板被定位成紧邻所述膜片,所述电容器极板具有响应于所述膜片的偏转而改变的电容。
5.根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器,其特征在于包括温度传感器,并且其中所述膜片的谐振根据感测到的温度被补偿。
6.根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述膜片被构造成响应于施加的压力偏转。
7.根据权利要求6所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述膜片被构造成响应于施加到所述膜片的压差偏转。
8.根据权利要求7所述的压力传感器,包括:
电极,所述电极被定位成紧邻所述膜片;和
测量电路,所述测量电路被构造成根据所述电极与所述膜片之间的电容的变化测量所述压差。
9.根据权利要求8所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述膜片的谐振根据所述电极与所述膜片之间的电容通过所述测量电路来感测。
10.根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器,其特征在于,所述压力传感器通过隔离流体连接到过程流体。
11.一种过程控制变送器,其特征在于,包括连接到根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器的变送器电路。
12.根据权利要求11所述的过程控制变送器,其特征在于,所述变送器电路被构造成根据所述膜片的谐振频率确定管路压力。
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-
2010
- 2010-03-30 US US12/749,885 patent/US8429978B2/en active Active
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2011
- 2011-03-03 CA CA2794456A patent/CA2794456C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2011-03-03 WO PCT/US2011/026965 patent/WO2011123211A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-03-03 JP JP2013502589A patent/JP5719921B2/ja active Active
- 2011-03-30 CN CN201110083271.4A patent/CN102243124B/zh active Active
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108507715A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-09-07 | 无锡昆仑富士仪表有限公司 | 一种适用于微差压变送器的浮动膜盒 |
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EP2553415A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
EP2553415B8 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
CA2794456A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
JP5719921B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
BR112012023153A2 (pt) | 2018-06-26 |
CN102243124A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
US8429978B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
CA2794456C (en) | 2015-04-21 |
JP2013524215A (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
MX2012010549A (es) | 2012-11-16 |
CN102243124B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
WO2011123211A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
EP2553415B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
US20110239773A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
RU2554322C2 (ru) | 2015-06-27 |
RU2012146107A (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
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