CN1993547A - 用于起动混合动力车的内燃机的系统及方法 - Google Patents

用于起动混合动力车的内燃机的系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1993547A
CN1993547A CNA2005800143305A CN200580014330A CN1993547A CN 1993547 A CN1993547 A CN 1993547A CN A2005800143305 A CNA2005800143305 A CN A2005800143305A CN 200580014330 A CN200580014330 A CN 200580014330A CN 1993547 A CN1993547 A CN 1993547A
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China
Prior art keywords
ice
generator
battery
clutch
hybrid vehicle
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English (en)
Inventor
菲利普·诺埃尔
吉斯莱恩·兰伯特
马莱尼恩·埃尔雅库比
琼－马克·西尔
马丁·霍尔
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Dana TM4 Inc
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TM4 Inc
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Publication of CN1993547A publication Critical patent/CN1993547A/zh
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的系统和方法，该混合动力车具有带有按角速度旋转的转子的发电机和在该ICE和该转子之间提供的离合器。该方法包括以下步骤：分离离合器，使得转子和ICE能独立操作；提高角速度；一旦角速度达到预定速度，就接合离合器；允许ICE转动；起动ICE。

Description

用于起动混合动力车的内燃机的系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于起动混合动力车的内燃机的系统和方法。更具体地，本发明涉及这样一种方法和系统，其中，无需可操作的高压电池就能起动内燃机。
背景技术
典型地，串联混合动力车包括内燃机(ICE)、发电机、高压母线、高压电池和电动机。ICE连接到发电机，发电机接着连接到高压母线。高压母线进一步连接到高压电池和电动机。当ICE正在运转时，其驱动发电机，发电机产生可以用来经由高压母线对高压电池再充电的电流。而且，电动机可以接收由发电机产生的电流以给机车提供推进力。
另外，典型地，串联混合动力车包括经由dc-dc变换器连接到高压母线由此得以再充电的低压电池。该低压电池接着连接到低压母线，由低压电池提供的电流用来通过低压母线为辅助设备供电。
并联混合动力车与上述的串联混合动力车十分相似，其显著的区别为ICE可直接耦接到驱动轮。
因为混合动力车包括高压电池，所以ICE并不必总是运行。事实上，当高压电池包含充足电量时，其可以用来单独为机车供电。
耦接到ICE上的发电机可以逆向操作，以起到电动机的作用，因此，不需要单独的起动电机来起动这种混合动力车上的ICE，因为，发电机可以用于这项作业。事实上，当需要起动ICE时，发电机被用作起动器以转动(crank)ICE的轴，由此起动ICE。
因此，由于在这种混合动力车中没有起动器，所以如果高压电池不可操作，则不能起动ICE。然后，可能需要将机车拖至维修点，或需要通过外部装置来对高压电池再充电，以使得混合动力车操作。这种情况是非常不希望的，因为如果ICE起动的话，则ICE常常可以通过发电机给电动机或直接给车轮提供足够的动力以将混合动力车移动到维修点。
针对这种背景，工业上存在对提供一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的新型系统和方法的需要。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的改进系统和方法。
更具体地，根据本发明一方面，提供一种混合动力车，其包括：
ICE；
连接到ICE的发电机；
连接到机车的至少一个车轮的牵引电动机；
低压电池；和
使低压电池与发电机相互连接的可逆dc-dc变换器；
其中，当需要起动所述ICE时，通过所述可逆dc-dc变换器将来自所述低压电池的低电压变换成高电压，并将其供应到用作电动机以转动ICE的所述发电机。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的方法，该混合动力车具有发电机和选择性地连接ICE和发电机的离合器，所述起动方法包括：
分离离合器，使得发电机和ICE能够独立操作；
提高发电机的角速度；
一旦角速度达到预定速度，就接合离合器；以及
转动并起动ICE。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的方法，该混合动力车具有连接到ICE的发电机、高压电池、低压电池和在发电机和低压电池之间提供的可逆dc-dc变换器，所述方法包括：
探测高压电池的故障；
一旦探测到电池故障，就经由可逆dc-dc变换器向发电机提供来自低压电池的能量；以及
转动并起动ICE。
需要注意的是，“电池故障”的表述在此及所附权利要求中解释为耗尽状态的电池或以其它方式不能使用的电池。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1是串联混合动力车的示意性方框图；
图2图解了根据本发明第一实施例的用于起动混合动力车的ICE的方法；
图3是串联-并联混合动力车的示意性方框图；以及
图4图解了根据本发明第二实施例的用于起动混合动力车的ICE的方法。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出串联混合动力车10的方框图。图1所示混合动力车10为具有多个车轮的混合动力汽车，这些车轮中的至少一个是推进轮24。然而，本领域读者容易理解，下面将描述的系统和方法同样适用于其它类型的混合动力车，如船、火车、摩托车、卡车和公共汽车。
混合动力车10包括通过离合器11选择性地连接到发电机14的转子(未示出)的ICE 12。发电机14进一步包括定子(未示出)。因此，ICE 12和发电机14可以相互连接或相互不连接。ICE 12可以是任何ICE，诸如燃气机、柴油机或涡轮机等。发电机14通过高压母线18连接到高压电池16上。该高压母线18还连接到电力牵引电动机20和dc-dc变换器22。该电力牵引电动机20连接到车轮24，而dc-dc变换器22间接地连接到低压电池26。低压电池26向低压母线28提供低压电流，以给混合动力车10的辅助设备30供电。
最后，能量管理控制器32连接到电动机20、发电机14、离合器11、ICE12、高压电池16、dc-dc变换器22和低压母线28上。当然能量管理控制器32可以是管理混合动力车10操作的总控制器的一部分。
在特定实现示例中，低压电池26和低压母线28以12伏的电压运行。在该示例中，高压母线18和高压电池16以300伏的高电压运行。然而，这些值仅仅是示例，任何其它适合的低压值和高压值都能用于本发明。
应该相信，ICE 12、发电机14、电控离合器17、电动机20、dc-dc变换器22、车轮24、高压母线18、高压电池16、低压电池26、低压母线28和辅助设备30都是本领域公知的。因此，下面将不再详细描述。然而，必须理解，ICE 12、发电机14、离合器17、电动机20、dc-dc变换器22和高压电池16有利地为“智能”装置，其可以从控制器32接收命令和/或向控制器32提供数据。这些命令和数据的示例、及将它们传送到控制器32或从控制器32接收它们的方式，将在下面进一步详细描述。
当需要使用发电机14产生电，以便例如对高压电池16再充电时，接合离合器11且由发电机14起动ICE 12，然后，ICE 12用作由高压电池16通过高压母线18供电的电动机。然后，ICE 12运行并为发电机14提供机械动力，以旋转其转子。这促使发电机14给高压母线18供电。当发电机14正在给高压母线18供电时，高压电池16可以得以再充电，并且电力牵引电动机20可以从高压母线18获得电力，以为车轮24提供推进力。
dc-dc变换器22可以使用来自高压母线18的高压电流的一部分，并将其变换成能够馈送给低压电池26的低压电流。低压电池26可以通过低压母线28给辅助设备30和控制器32供电。
控制器32管理混合动力车10的上述操作。另外，控制器32执行用于起动混合动力车10的方法。一般来说，该方法的一个实施例包括步骤：分离离合器11使得发电机14和ICE 12可以独立操作；提高发电机14转子的角速度；当角速度达到预定速度时，接合离合器11。该方法进一步包括允许ICE转动的步骤及起动ICE的步骤。该方法将在下面进一步详细描述。
正如本领域技术人员显而易见的，控制器32包括处理单元、存储器和将其连接到机车10的其它部分的多个输入/输出(I/O)端口。
存储器包含要由处理单元执行的实施用于起动混合动力车的方法的程序部分。为了实施该方法，处理单元可以通过各端口与混合动力车10的部件交换表示数据和命令的各种信号。
应当注意，dc-dc变换器22是所谓的可逆dc-dc变换器。换句话说，控制器32可以发出指示dc-dc变换器22将来自高压母线18的高压电流变换成要馈送给低压电池26的低压电流的命令信号。可选择地，dc-dc变换器22可以由控制器32来控制，以将来自低压电池26的低压电流变换成要供应给高压母线18的高压电流。
还应当注意，可能需要在高压电池16和高压母线18之间提供选择性的能量阻隔元件(未示出)，如二极管和接触器，以防止从dc-dc变换器22供应给高压母线18的高电压给高压电池16再充电。
一旦高压电池16故障，包含在存储器中的程序部分实施用于起动混合动力车10的下述方法100。当高压电池16仍然起作用但处于低电量状态时，也可以使用如图2所示的该方法100。
方法100在步骤102时开始。在步骤102处，ICE 12并不运行，需要运行ICE 12以给发电机14提供机械动力。
在步骤104处，控制器32探测高压电池16的故障或低电量状态。如果存储在高压电池16中的能量的量低于预定水平，则方法100分支到下文描述的步骤106。否则，在步骤108处执行起动ICE 12的标准方法，且该方法在步骤110处结束。认为该标准方法是公知的，并且其通常包括使用发电机4作为起动电机。
在步骤106处，控制器32指示dc-dc变换器22切换到电压提升状态，其中dc-dc变换器22将来自低压电池26的低压电流变换成要提供给高压母线18的高压电流。
在步骤112处，分离离合器11。应当注意，步骤106和步骤112可以同时进行或以任意顺序进行。
在步骤114处，控制发电机14作为电动机，并且发电机14使用出现在高压母线18上的高压电流以旋转发电机14的转子。由于发电机14当时并未连接到ICE 12，所以发电机14的转子在无负载条件下开始旋转。馈送给发电机14的高压电流逐步提高发电机14的角速度。将角速度数据传送到控制器32。
当达到预定角速度时，通过接合离合器11，使用积累为转动惯量的旋转能量来转动ICE 12(步骤116)。由控制器32将指示接合离合器11的命令发送到离合器11。离合器11可以快速接合或慢速接合。在第一种情况下，离合器11、发电机14和ICE 12必须足够坚固，以经受离合器11的突然接合。在第二种情况下，离合器11的接合对ICE 12、离合器11和发电机14的机械强度要求较低。然而，典型地由于通过摩擦损失了一些能量，因此在离合器11接合前，发电机14需要以比第一种情况中更快的角速度旋转。
在步骤118处，控制器32发送关于ICE 12起动和点火的命令。因此，可以使用被积累在发电机转子中的能量来起动ICE 12，方法100在步骤110处结束。
由于然后ICE 12运行，所以可以移动混合动力车10，并且可以通过发电机14对高压电池16再充电或将其带至维修中心以能够更换或修理高压电池16。
换句话说，方法100使用积累在低压电池26中的能量来旋转转子，由此储存动能。接着该动能被用来转动ICE 12。
应当注意，虽然如上所述，可以将角速度数据发送到控制器32，但这并不是必需的。事实上，控制器可以被配置为，在接合离合器(步骤116)之前，给发电机供电一段预定时间(步骤114)。这样就不需要角速度传感器。
现在转到附图的图3，将简要描述串-并联混合动力车200。应当注意，与图1中机车10的部分类似的机车200的部分保持图1的附图标记。还应当注意，机车200与机车10非常相似，将在下面仅描述两种机车之间的区别。
机车200与机车10之间的主要区别是离合器11，其从ICE 12和发电机14之间的位置移动到发电机14和牵引电动机20之间的位置。相应地，当离合器11分离时，机车200为串联混合模式，而当离合器11接合时，机车200为并联混合模式。事实上，当离合器11接合时，ICE 12和牵引电动机20都给车轮24提供转矩。
机车10和机车200之间的其它区别是机车200的dc-dc变换器202和低压电池204具有足够能量，以将足够高的电流电压从低压母线28供应到高压母线18，以允许发电机直接转动并起动ICE 12。因此，在ICE 12和发电机14之间不需要离合器。
当然，如果不是这种情况，则可以在ICE 12和发电机14之间安装第二离合器(未示出)。
现在转到附图的图4，将描述起动ICE 12的对应方法300。
方法300在步骤302处开始。在步骤302处，ICE 12并不运行，需要运行ICE 12以给发电机14和/或车轮24提供机械动力。
在步骤304处，控制器32探测高压电池16的故障或低电量状态。如果存储在高压电池16中的能量的量低于预定水平，方法300分支到在下文描述的步骤306。否则，在步骤308处执行用于起动ICE 12的标准方法，且该方法在步骤310处结束。
在步骤306处，控制器32指示dc-dc变换器202切换到电压提升状态，其中dc-dc变换器202将来自低压电池204的低压电流变换成要提供给高压母线18的高压电流。
在步骤312处，分离离合器11并由此确保发电机14不给车轮24提供动力。应当注意，步骤306和步骤312可以同时进行或以任意顺序进行。
在步骤314处，控制发电机14作为电动机，并使用出现在高压母线18上的高压电流来旋转发电机14的转子。
最后，在步骤316处，控制器32发送关于ICE 12的起动和点火的命令。
由于然后ICE 12运行，可以移动混合动力车，并且可以通过发电机14对高压电池16再充电或将其带至维修中心，使得能够更换或修理高压电池16。
在不脱离本发明的情况下，可以将多种变化引入到上述混合动力车和方法中。
在一种变化中，离合器11的接合和分离通过本领域公知的诸如通过液压系统或磁场等的任何接合及分离离合器的方法来提供动力。可选择地，控制器32并不控制离合器11。在这种情况下，受控制器32控制的指示器向电动机车的使用者指示：离合器11需要使用者接合和/或分离。
在另一变化中，每次在ICE 12停止时，可选择的离合器(未示出)被分离。这可以是有利的，因为接下来可以构想出使得仅需要非常少量的能量来接合该可选择离合器。例如，当分离时，可选择离合器可以诸如通过弹簧来存储能量，然后可以被锁定在分离状态。通过随后解锁该可选择离合器，可选择离合器可以除了解锁可选择离合器所需的能量之外无需任何能量而得到接合。
此外，旋转的预定速度可以用依据许多参数的变量来代替，这些参数诸如混合动力车10所处环境的温度、低压电池26的电量和已经尝试上述方法而没有成功的次数等。
尽管上面已经通过本发明的优选实施例描述了本发明，但是，在不脱离如所附权利要求限定的本发明精神和本质的情况下，可以对本发明进行修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力车，包括：
ICE；
连接到ICE的发电机；
连接到所述机车的至少一个车轮的牵引电动机；
低压电池；和
使所述低压电池与所述发电机相互连接的可逆dc-dc变换器；
其中，当所述ICE需要起动时，由所述可逆dc-dc变换器将来自所述低压电池的低电压变换成高电压，并将其供应到用作电动机以转动ICE的所述发电机。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车，其中所述发电机经由离合器选择性地连接到所述ICE。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车，其中所述发电机经由离合器连接到所述牵引电动机。
4.一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的方法，该混合动力车具有发电机和选择性地连接所述ICE和所述发电机的离合器，所述起动方法包括：
分离所述离合器，使得所述发电机和所述ICE能够独立操作；
提高所述发电机的角速度；
一旦所述角速度达到预定速度，就接合所述离合器；以及
转动并起动所述ICE。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述角速度的提高包括向所述发电机提供高电压。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述高电压的提供包括经由可逆dc-dc变换器将来自低压电池的低电压变换成高电压。
7.一种用于起动混合动力车的ICE的方法，该混合动力车具有连接到所述ICE的发电机、高压电池、低压电池和在所述发电机和所述低压电池之间提供的可逆dc-dc变换器，所述方法包括：
探测所述高压电池的故障；
一旦探测到所述电池故障，经由可逆dc-dc变换器向所述发电机提供来自所述低压电池的能量；以及
转动并起动所述ICE。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述发电机经由离合器选择性地连接到所述ICE，且其中该方法进一步包括当探测到电池故障时分离所述离合器。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，进一步包括感测所述发电机的角速度，并且一旦所述角速度达到预定速度，就在转动并起动所述ICE之前接合所述离合器。
CNA2005800143305A 2004-03-04 2005-03-01 用于起动混合动力车的内燃机的系统及方法 Pending CN1993547A (zh)

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