CN104768823B - 用于对混合动力车辆的热力发动机进行监测/控制的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于对混合动力车辆的热力发动机进行监测/控制的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN104768823B
CN104768823B CN201380057579.9A CN201380057579A CN104768823B CN 104768823 B CN104768823 B CN 104768823B CN 201380057579 A CN201380057579 A CN 201380057579A CN 104768823 B CN104768823 B CN 104768823B
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starting
combustion engine
battery
starting battery
motor
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CN104768823A (zh
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H-G·恩古耶
A·凯特菲-谢里夫
C·丹格
J·凡-弗朗克
E·洛兰
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/10—Indicating wheel slip ; Correction of wheel slip
    • B60L3/106—Indicating wheel slip ; Correction of wheel slip for maintaining or recovering the adhesion of the drive wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L3/10—Indicating wheel slip ; Correction of wheel slip
    • B60L3/106—Indicating wheel slip ; Correction of wheel slip for maintaining or recovering the adhesion of the drive wheels
    • B60L3/108—Indicating wheel slip ; Correction of wheel slip for maintaining or recovering the adhesion of the drive wheels whilst braking, i.e. ABS
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
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    • F02N11/0825—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to prevention of engine restart failure, e.g. disabling automatic stop at low battery state
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对混合动力车辆的热力发动机(1)的起动进行监测/控制的方法，该混合动力车辆包括至少一个电动发动机(2)，该方法包括以下步骤：通过使用一个起动电池(4)来启用一个针对起动该热力发动机的伪程序；测量和记录该起动电池(4)的至少一个参数随时间的演进，该参数包括在所述起动电池的端子处的一种给定的电流强度和电压；并且，在一个给定的时间区间上，检测所述这个或这些参数随时间的演进是否达到一个预定值，该预定值限定了该起动电池(4)具有或不具有起动该热力发动机(1)所要求的能力的一种能力状态。

Description

用于对混合动力车辆的热力发动机进行监测/控制的方法和 设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于起动混合动力车辆中使用的燃烧发动机的方法和设备的领域。
背景技术
混合动力车辆包括一个燃烧发动机、以及位于车轮的前轴总成或后轴总成上的至少一个电动马达。例如，举例来说，混合动力车辆的每个后轮上都定位有一个电动马达。
电动马达通常用于在城市地区对混合动力车辆进行驱动，燃烧发动机通常用于在城市地区以外对混合动力车辆进行驱动。
可使用不同的运行模式对混合动力车辆进行推进，在文献中还被称为推进模式。
在第一运行模式中，使用该或这些电动马达提供推进车辆所需的全部动力；在第二运行模式中，只使用燃烧发动机提供推进车辆所需的全部动力；在第三运行模式中，使用该或这些电动马达和燃烧发动机提供推进车辆所需的全部动力。
混合动力车辆具有的电气构架旨在允许运行这些不同的运行模式、并旨在对燃烧发动机和该或这些电动马达进行操作。
电子控制单元ECU尤其可通过CAN多任务总线根据车辆参数来对燃烧发动机、一个或多个电动马达和半自动变速箱(SAGB)或自动变速箱(AGB)的操作进行控制。
电子控制单元ECU允许在推进模式下将驱动扭矩传输给车轮、并将车轮的制动扭矩通过爪形联结装置传输给该或这些电动马达而用于对电动马达的电池进行充电。
电子控制单元ECU所考虑的车辆参数是通过传感器测量的，并可能涉及到车辆的运动。
这些车辆参数是例如车速、转向车轮角度、轮速、ESP或ABS制动系统。
当前混合动力车辆遇到的一个问题是燃烧发动机的起动。
燃烧发动机的起动是与起动电池的状态相连系的，诸如，为起动马达或发电起动机供电的12V辅助电池。
该起动电池状况不佳或短路时，它就不再能输送将燃烧发动机的起动机或发电起动机起动所需的电流。
当这种情况发生时，就不能进行混合动力车辆的第一运行模式与第二运行模式之间的切换。
此外，这种电池故障状态造成的的车载网络电压下降而低于4.5V会致使电子控制单元ECU重置。
这种电子控制单元ECU的重置可导致丧失由这些电子控制单元ECU操作的电动助力转向，并且因此导致驾驶员对混合动力车辆的运动失去控制。
为了解决这个问题，某些混合动力车辆包括一个主起动电池和一个替换起动电池，如果失效就替换掉该主起动电池，这种设备使其有可能继续维持对混合动力车辆运动的控制。
然而，这种解决方案使用两个起动电池，这是昂贵的并需要在车辆上为替换电池提供额外的空间。
发明内容
在此方面，本发明的一个目的是提出可免除上述限制中的至少一种限制的一种用于混合动力车辆的方法和设备。
用于对包括至少一个电动马达的混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机的起动进行指挥和控制的这种方法值得注意之处在于，该方法展现出的步骤包括：
-起始一个用起动电池起动燃烧发动机的伪起动程序，
-测量并记录该起动电池的至少一个参数相对于时间的演变，这些参数包括跨过所述起动电池的这些端子的一个给定电流强度和一个给定电压，
-在一个给定的时间区间上，检测所述这个或这些参数相对于时间的演变是否达到一个预定值，该预定值限定了该起动电池具有或不具有起动该燃烧发动机的能力的一种能力状态，
-如果检测到该起动电池的状态是其具有该能力，则使用该起动电池来起动该燃烧发动机，
-如果没有检测到该起动电池的状态是其具有该能力的，则允许使用该电动马达对该混合动力车辆进行推进，并警示驾驶员所检测到的起动电池状态是其并不具有该能力。
该伪起动程序的起始是在该混合动力车辆的电动马达运转时执行的。
该伪起动程序的起始是在该混合动力车辆的电动马达关机时执行的。
对该起动电池的能力状态进行检测的步骤执行持续少于300ms的时长。
该起动电池的能力状态是通过在一段100ms与200ms之间的时长上出现几百安培的电流强度升高和低于一到几伏特的电压降低来限定的。
该起动电池的能力状态是通过在一段小于200毫秒的时长上电流强度达到至少800A、电压从12.8V降到低于3.8V来限定的。
本发明还涉及一种用于对混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机的起动进行指挥和控制的设备，该设备包括一个燃烧发动机、至少一个电动马达、诸如一个起动马达的一个用于起动燃烧发动机的装置、以及一个起动电池，它们都是由一个主电子控制单元来操作的；该主电子控制单元使之有可能：
-借助于该起动装置、由该起动电池提供动力来起始一个起动该燃烧发动机的伪起动程序，
-测量并记录该起动电池的至少一个参数相对于时间的演变，这些参数包括跨过所述起动电池的这些端子的一个给定电流强度和一个给定电压，
-在一个给定的时间区间上，检测所述这个或这些参数相对于时间的演变是否达到一个预定值，该预定值限定了该起动电池具有或不具有起动该燃烧发动机的能力的一种能力状态，
-如果检测到该起动电池的状态是其具有该能力，则使用该起动电池来起动该燃烧发动机，
-如果没有检测到该起动电池的状态是其具有该能力的，则允许使用该电动马达对该混合动力车辆进行推进，并警示驾驶员所检测到的起动电池状态是其并不具有该能力。
有利的是，该指挥和控制设备包括一个半自动变速箱(SAGB)或一个自动变速箱(AGB)。
如果没有检测到该起动电池的状态是其具有该能力的、并且如果该车辆正由该电动马达推进，则该主电子控制单元允许在该燃烧发动机起动后，使得所述变速箱接合。
该起动电池是12V辅助电池。
该设备包括一个指示装置，该指示装置被容纳在该车辆中、与该主电子控制单元连接、并且警示该驾驶员该车辆的运行模式。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点将从以下通过完全非限制性指示参照附图给出的说明变得清楚明了，在附图中：
-图1示意性地描绘了根据本发明的混合动力车辆的电气构架；
-图2和图3用两种不同的时间标度以图表描绘了当燃烧发动机起动时电压和电流的同一相对于时间的演变；
-图4和图5示意性地描绘了起动根据本发明混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机的方法。
具体实施方式
如图1所描绘的，根据本发明的允许对混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机进行起动的设备包括：一个燃烧发动机1；一个或多个电动马达2；一个对该燃烧发动机1进行起动的装置3，如一个起动马达或发电起动机；一个起动电池4，如电动马达的12V辅助电池或为获取12V电压的一组高压电池元件，该起动电池与该起动装置3连接；以及一个半自动变速箱(SAGB)5或自动变速箱(AGB)5。
一个主电子控制单元ECU 6(或双模式监控器)通过CAN多路复用总线和该燃烧发动机1的和该或这些电动马达2的电子控制单元ECU来对这些元件的操作加以控制。
由该主电子控制单元6控制的电动马达逆变器9对爪形联结装置8进行操作。
该主电子控制单元6还对一个用于冷却马达的系统10进行控制。
一个指示装置7(如使用屏幕和人机界面(MMI)的可视指示装置)被容纳在该车辆中、并与该主电子控制单元6连接。
它允许使驾驶员意识到正用于推进混合动力车辆的运行模式。
图2和图3用两种不同的时间标度以图表描绘了起动燃烧发动机的过程中电压和电流的相一相对于时间的演变，图3的时间标度大于图2的时间标度。
从图2和图3的曲线可看出，在该混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机1起动后时，在该起动电池4的端子处具有电流涌入。
在图2和图3中这种电流的涌入是通过在少于200毫秒的时长t上的强劲电流增加来显示的，在图2和图3的曲线A中电流从0A跳跃至800A，而在相同的持续时长t上，在曲线B中电压从12.8V降至9V。
这种电流涌入表明可以使用起动装置3、通过起动电池4提供动力来起动燃烧发动机1。在这种情况下，就认为该起动电池4具有这种能力。
这些值的范围只是通过展示的方式给出的，并且是取决于所用的燃烧发动机、起动机和起动电池的。
因此，本发明使之有可能在执行对混合动力车辆燃烧发动机的起动之前验证以下事项，即，在少于几百毫秒的持续时长上的伪起动程序过程中观察到几百安培的电流增加和一到几伏特的电压下降。
如图4所展示的，在第一步1'中驾驶员接通并起动该混合动力车辆，这引起了在第二步2'中会使用起动装置3由该起动电池2提供动力来使得起动燃烧发动机1的伪起动程序起始。
如果在第三步3'中该主电子控制单元6检测到了在该起动电池4的端子处的电流涌入，则该起动电池4具有这种能力，并且使得起动程序生效。
然后该主电子控制单元6在第四步4'中允许混合动力车辆使用该燃烧发动机1的运行模式。
如果不是的话，在步骤5'中，如果没有在该起动电池4的端子处检测到电流涌入，则该起动电池4不具有这种能力，该主电子控制单元6则不会允许混合动力车辆使用该燃烧发动机1的运行模式，并且混合动力车辆只能通过该或这些电动马达2来推进。
该指示装置7向驾驶员发送一个警告消息，指明未使用该燃烧发动机1。因而该驾驶员意识到该起动电池4不具有这种能力的事实。
在第六步6'中，考虑了制动踏板和“起动”按钮上的压力。
在第七步7'中，该主电子控制单元6使得起动该燃烧发动机1的起动程序生效。
在第八步8'中，该燃烧发动机1被发动，并且接合该半自动变速箱5。
在第九步9'中，该指示装置7向驾驶员指明已使用借助燃烧发动机1的运行模式。
在第十步10'中，该混合动力车辆是在该燃烧发动机1的作用下推进的。
还在图5中从该混合动力车辆正以运行该燃烧发动机1来推进的并且在第十步10'中实现的时刻展示了根据本发明的方法。
在第十一步11'中，驾驶员要求改变模式以便由该燃烧发动机1切换到该或这些电动马达2。
如果在第十三步13'中模式改变条件都满足了，则在第十四步14'中该主电子控制单元6命令和检查该燃烧发动机1停机和将该变速箱置于空挡。该或这些电动马达2转动，并使该爪形联结装置接合。
如果不是，如果没有满足所有的改变运行模式的条件，则只通过该燃烧发动机1来推进该混合动力车辆，并且在第十二步12'中该指示装置7向该驾驶员指明只允许使用该燃烧发动机1来推进车辆。
在第十五步15'中，车辆是由该或这些电动马达来推进的。
在第十六步16'中，该驾驶员要求将使用该电动马达2的运行模式改成使用该燃烧发动机1的运行模式。
在第十七步17'中，起动该燃烧发动机1的伪起动程序起始。
在第十八步18'中，该主电子控制单元6测量和记录该起动电池4的状态，并且检测该起动电池4是否具有这种能力，以便确定是否使得该起动程序生效。
在第十九步19'中，该主电子控制单元6向该指示装置7发送一个消息来向驾驶员警示只允许这种使用电动马达2的模式，因为该起动电池不具有这种能力。
在这种情况下，混合动力车辆只是通过该或这些电动马达来推进，并且该方法循环回到第十五步15'。
在第二十步20'中，该主电子控制单元6使得起动程序生效。
在第二十一步21'中，该主电子控制单元6通过该指示装置7向驾驶员发送一个消息来警示该驾驶员车辆正在使用该燃烧发动机1来推进。
混合动力车辆仅是由该燃烧发动机1来推进，并且根据本发明，该方法循环回到第十步10'。
由此，本发明描述了一种方法和设备，该方法和设备通过对该起动电池的状态进行测量，使其有可能向驾驶员警告电池耗竭或非工作状况，而电池的这种耗竭或非工作状况有可能使得控制着燃烧发动机和该或这些电动马达推进混合动力车辆的运行的这些电子控制单元重启，而具有使驾驶员丧失对混合动力车辆的运动控制的风险。
在这种情况下，根据本发明的方法使之有可能在车辆停驶时或在车辆正由该或这些电动马达推进时授权该或这些电动马达运行并防止使用起动电池来起动燃烧发动机。
这种起动电池状态的改变是在量级为几百毫秒的持续时长上测量的。因此对于驾驶员是感觉不到的，也不会在车辆的控制中对驾驶员造成困扰。
这种起动方法还可用于起动燃烧发动机、同时根据混合动力车辆使用燃烧发动机和电动马达两者的第三运行模式使该或这些电动马达保持运转。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于对包括至少一个电动马达(2)的混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机(1)的起动进行指挥和控制的方法，其特征在于，该方法展现出的步骤包括：
-起始一个用起动电池(4)起动燃烧发动机(1)的伪起动程序，
-测量并记录该起动电池(4)的至少一个参数相对于时间的演变，该至少一个参数包括跨过所述起动电池的端子的一个给定电流强度和一个给定电压，
-在一个给定的时间区间上，检测所述至少一个参数相对于时间的演变是否达到一个预定值，该预定值限定了该起动电池(4)具有或不具有起动该燃烧发动机(1)的能力的一种能力状态，
-如果检测到该起动电池(4)的状态是其具有该能力，则使用该起动电池(4)来起动该燃烧发动机(1)，
-如果没有检测到该起动电池(4)的状态是其具有该能力的，则允许使用该电动马达(2)对该混合动力车辆进行推进，并警示驾驶员所检测到的起动电池(4)状态是其并不具有该能力。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该伪起动程序的起始是在该混合动力车辆的电动马达(2)运转时执行的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该伪起动程序的起始是在该混合动力车辆的电动马达(2)关机时执行的。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其中，对该起动电池(4)的能力状态进行检测的步骤执行持续少于300ms的时长。
5.如权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其中，该起动电池(4)的能力状态是通过在一段100ms与200ms之间的时长上出现几百安培的电流强度升高和几伏特的电压降低来限定的。
6.如权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其中，该起动电池(4)的能力状态是通过在一段小于200毫秒的时长上电流强度达到至少800A、电压从12.8V降到低于3.8V来限定的。
7.一种用于对混合动力车辆的燃烧发动机(1)的起动进行指挥和控制的设备，该设备包括一个燃烧发动机(1)、至少一个电动马达(2)、一个用于起动燃烧发动机(1)的起动装置(3)、以及一个起动电池(4)，它们都是由一个主电子控制单元(6)来操作的，
其特征在于，该主电子控制单元(6)能够进行以下操作：
-借助于该起动装置(3)、由该起动电池(4)提供动力来起始一个起动该燃烧发动机(1)的伪起动程序，
-测量并记录该起动电池(4)的至少一个参数相对于时间的演变，该至少一个参数包括跨过所述起动电池的端子的一个给定电流强度和一个给定电压，
-在一个给定的时间区间上，检测所述至少一个参数相对于时间的演变是否达到一个预定值，该预定值限定了该起动电池(4)具有或不具有起动该燃烧发动机(1)的能力的一种能力状态，
-如果检测到该起动电池(4)的状态是其具有该能力，则使用该起动电池(4)来起动该燃烧发动机(1)，
-如果没有检测到该起动电池(4)的状态是其具有该能力的，则允许使用该电动马达(2)对该混合动力车辆进行推进，并警示驾驶员所检测到的起动电池(4)状态是其并不具有该能力。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备，包括一个半自动变速箱(SAGB)或自动变速箱(AGB)，其特征在于，如果没有检测到该起动电池(4)的状态是其具有该能力的、并且如果该车辆正由该电动马达(2)推进，则该主电子控制单元(6)允许在该燃烧发动机(1)起动后，使得所述半自动变速箱或自动变速箱接合。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的设备，其特征在于，该起动电池(4)是12V辅助电池。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括一个指示装置(7)，该指示装置被容纳在该车辆中、与该主电子控制单元(6)连接、并且警示该驾驶员该车辆的运行模式。
11.如权利要求7或8所述的设备，其中用于起动燃烧发动机(1)的起动装置(3)是一个起动马达。
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