CN1973832B - 具有ct示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
具有ct示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1973832B CN1973832B CN200610122968A CN200610122968A CN1973832B CN 1973832 B CN1973832 B CN 1973832B CN 200610122968 A CN200610122968 A CN 200610122968A CN 200610122968 A CN200610122968 A CN 200610122968A CN 1973832 B CN1973832 B CN 1973832B
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Abstract
一种具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊及其制备方法,该胶囊尺寸为纳米级,为核/壳结构,壳层由可生物降解高分子材料构成,核层内分布有CT造影剂和亲水性或水溶性药物,所述CT造影剂为离子性碘造影剂或非离子性碘造影剂,所述离子性碘造影剂是胆影葡胺或泛影葡胺,所述非离子性碘造影剂是阿米培克(amnipague)、优维显(utravist)或碘化油注射液。本胶囊具有多效功能,表现为高的载药量、可实施靶向和可控释放,可采用(CT)等方法在体外进行实时监控等特性,对提高药物治疗疾病效能、实时监控药物在体内分布、开发新药提供了一种有效的药物载体。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、可控,对生产设备要求低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种胶囊,特别涉及一种具有CT示踪效应和可实施药物体外实时监控的可生物降解的多效纳米胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知,纳米药物的研究是药物研究中一个很有生命力的新方向,药物主要通过包封和吸附等方法载入纳米药物载体中。纳米技术用于药物研究,国外已进行了多年的工作,其粒径范围较宽,多在100~1000nm,称之为纳米粒(纳米球和纳米囊),较大的则称为微囊或微球。由于纳米药物的粒径比毛细血管直径(6~8μm)还小,因而可比较容易地进入人体的各种组织器官中进行控制释放,大幅提高药物的生物利用度。它还具有许多常规药物所不具有的优点:缓释药物,改变药物在体内的半衰期,延长药物的作用时间;制成导向药物后作为“生物导弹”达到靶向输药至特定器官的目的;在保证药效的前提下,减少药用量,减轻或消除毒副作用;提高药物的稳定性,有利于存储;改变膜运转机制,增加药物对生物膜的透过性,有利于药物透皮吸收及细胞内药效的发挥;增加药物溶解度。
CN200410053612.3一种制备缓释微球的方法,公开了一种改进的S/O/W方法,成功地制备了高载药量和包封率的PLGA缓释微球。多肽或小分子蛋白质溶解于DMSO中,将此溶液加入溶有PLGA的DCM中,利用反溶剂(anti-solvent)作用形成药物的微细颗粒,然后将形成的悬浊液加入到外水相,有机溶剂挥发后得到缓释微球。实验结果表明,改进的S/O/W方法在载药量高于15%的情况下,仍能很容易地实现90%以上的包封率,其突释也比W1/O/W2方法有明显的减小。与传统的W1/O/W2复乳化法相比,本方法不要求药物在水中有很大的溶解度;与通常的S/O/W方法相比,本方法不要求原料药物粉末的粒径很小。
CN200510033959.6一种以纳米粒子为载体制备尘螨变应原疫苗的方法,涉及一种以纳米粒子为载体制备尘螨变应原疫苗的方法。尘螨是引起过敏性疾病的主要变应原之一。该发明应用生物可降解的PLGA纳米粒子作为变应原载体,包裹尘螨重组变应原Der p2/Der f2,制成纳米级尘螨变应原疫苗。具体地说采用基因工程技术在大肠杆菌中克隆和表达制备重组Der p2/Der f2蛋白,并采用复乳-溶媒挥发法制备PLGA包裹的纳米粒子。根据溶液外观评分及扫描电镜观测法判断粒子形态,用颗粒分析仪测定纳米粒子的平均粒径。采用BCA法测定纳米粒子的包封率、载药量并绘制纳米粒子体外累积释放曲线。并通过实验证实Der p2/Der f2-PLGA纳米粒子对过敏性哮喘具有治疗作用。
CN200310110762.9一种新型高分子材料载药纳米粒及制法和用途,公开了一种药用高分子材料(PELGE/PELGA)载基因或化学药物或多肽、蛋白类药物纳米粒及其制备方法和用途.载体材料用不同分子量和不同LA∶GA比例以及不同PEG含量的PELGE材料,载基因或化学药物或蛋白类药物的纳米粒的制法为乳化——蒸发法,在机械搅拌或高压乳匀机作用下制备出PELGE或PELGA纳米粒.这类共聚物在水中自组装成纳米粒或胶束,其中相对疏水性的PLGA段聚集成核,亲水性的聚乙二醇形成亲水性的壳.本发明制法简单,工艺成熟,性能稳定,纳米粒表面光滑,均匀,无粘连,载药量和包封率高,适于大规模连续生产.其应用包括作为基因治疗的质粒、核酸疫苗、反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸或核酶的纳米粒制剂或作为化学药物如水不溶性、水难溶性、水溶性化学药物的纳米粒制剂或多肽、蛋白类药物的纳米粒制剂的血管内注射、肌肉注射或口服给药剂型.
CN03121400.2可生物降解性高分子材料包裹利福平微球的制备方法,其主要步骤为:取丙交酯和乙交酯的共聚物(PLGA)和利福平,溶于有机溶剂中,超声震荡下充分溶解;将制备的溶液在搅拌下注入到稳定剂水溶液中,搅拌充分乳化,再搅拌挥发有机溶剂,固化微球;将获得的悬浮液中的微球离心收集,并用二次蒸馏水洗涤数次后冷冻干燥,即得产品。微球载药量达到10~35%;微球表面光滑,不粘连,微球尺寸为5~50μm,直径分布均匀;利福平药物在体外1~12周匀速释放,在肺部具有被动靶向性。
CN02103759.0阿维菌素类药物纳米微球的制备方法及用途,涉及阿维菌素及其衍生物伊维菌素缓释纳米微球的制备方法。制备方法依照的工艺步骤:(1)制备不同比例的聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA),使分子量适合于生物体内及土壤中一定时间控制释放最终降解产物为CO2和水;(2)将阿维菌素类药物用所制备的辅料PLGA经超声乳化、溶剂挥发、超速离心、混合浓缩、蒸馏水淋洗、再超速离心、再混合浓缩,最后经-106~-108℃冷冻干燥,包埋球体直径为50~150nm纳米控释微球。根据人和各种生物体及农用药物需求制成载药量为1%~40%的缓释纳米微球,包载率均达到92%以上。不但解决医用药物的长效控释而且使生物农药的控释成为现实,增加药效持续时间,降低毒性、减少成本、解决土壤生态问题,扩大使用范围。
B.Conti等[42]研究了该法中工艺的选取,油相和水相的比例,溶剂的选取和浓度,乳化剂的选取和用量等各个因素对产品物理和化学性质所造成的影响。结果表明,其中内相中的表面活性剂的选取是形成初乳的关键问题,并且初乳的稳定性是能否包封药物的先决条件。随着有机相水溶性的提高,载药量将提高,当搅拌速率增加的时候,微粒会变小,体积分布也会减少。G.Reich[43]等在制备聚丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物(PLGA)微粒作为靶向药物载体的报道中,详细的讨论此种方法各种工艺因素对微粒形成的影响,并对超声与搅拌工艺进行比较,结果表明超声可以使得颗粒尺寸相比机械搅拌急剧减小。
Ogawa等[44]首先将复乳的概念引入到PLGA微球的制备当中。这是目前制备水溶性多肽、蛋白质药物微球最常用的方法,具有载药量高、蛋白质稳定性好、微球呈多孔表面、药物易于释放等优点。该法制备的主要流程是:先将药物溶解于内水相中,加入溶有PLGA的有机溶液,超声乳化形成W/O初乳,再将此初乳加入到外水相中,分散形成W/O/W乳液体系,搅拌使中间层中的有机溶液挥发,形成包裹水溶性药物的PLGA微球。D.Lemoine等[41]采用该法制备了直径尺寸约为200纳米左右的负载红血球凝聚素的PLGA纳米囊。实验结果表明提高内水相和外水相表面活性剂的浓度,可以减小粒子的尺寸,并且内水相中表面活性剂的种类也对粒子大小有影响,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为表面活性剂比Span40所得到的纳米囊更小,这可能是PVA降低界面张力的程度比Span40大的原因。均质机的速度和冷冻干燥过程对粒子大小也有一定程度的影响。最后实验结果表明,通过水/油/水(W/O/W)方法可以制得大小为200纳米左右的载药PLGA纳米囊,并且红血球凝聚素的包封率较高,其分子量大小和抗原性并没有受到制备过程的影响。
Cleland等[45]报道了用S/O/W法制备的PLGA微球,从微球中释放的rhGH保持了全部的活性.尽管在乳化过程中蛋白在有机溶剂存在的条件下遇到了水性环境,但是聚合物固化的时间非常短,没有导致蛋白的溶解和失活.Castellanos等[46]发现,S/O/W法的包敷工艺对未经稳定化的BSA结构影响比W/O/W法要小.
参考文献:
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[42]Conti B,Genta I,Modena T,Pavanetto F.Investigation on processparameters involved in polylactide-co-glycolide microspheres prepar ation.Drug Dev.Ind.Pharm.21(1995)615-622
[43]Reich G,etal.European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmac eutics45(1998)165-171
[44]Ogawa Y,Yamamoto M,Okada H,etal.Chem Pharm Bull,1988,36(3):1095-1103.
[45]Cleland J.L,Jones A.J.S.Stable formulations of recombinant humangrowth hormone and interferon-γfor mi croencapsulation in biodegrad-able microspheres[J].Pharm Res,1996,13(10):1464.
[46]Castellanos I.J,Carrasquillo.KG,de Jésus Lópea J,et al.Encapsulation of bovine serum albumin in poly(lactic-co-glycolic)microspheresby the solid-in oil-in-water technique[J].J Pharm Pharmacol,2001,53(2):167.
纳米可生物降解高分子药物胶囊具有很高的携药量和优良的控释性,但是靶向性较差,难以在体外实时监控。
X射线CT是最近几十年迅速发展起来的大型医学成像设备,也是现代化医院里各种断层图像的主要能源,为疾病的诊断发挥着前所未有的作用。与传统的X射线照相一样,CT可以区分密度非常相近的组织或病变,因此CT得到的影像非常清晰,没有重叠结构,组织密度显示精良,这些特点是传统X射线照相所不具备的。目前CT检查已经广泛应用于中枢神经系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿和生殖系统、骨关节系统等各个临床医学领域。临床上,有些疾病只应用非增强扫描就能够得到明确诊断。但还有一些病变,在非增强扫描时不能被发现,这些疾病要想定性诊断,必须做增强扫描。做增强扫描需要使用造影剂。全身各部位的血管检查也必须使用造影剂。初期的造影剂,是离子型造影剂,其中的碘是以离子方式存在于溶液中。自由移动的碘离子,非常容易与血管壁接触,当人体血管壁或其他组织的细胞对碘过敏反应。为了减少碘过敏反应的发生,医学工作者经过不断的探索,发现如果将游离的碘离子用一些特殊的化学结构包裹起来,就像人们把很黏的物体用纸包裹起来以免粘手一样,离子碘就变成了非离子碘,这样它就很难再与血管壁或组织细胞接触,这种造影剂称为非离子造影剂。一般来说,离子型造影剂在使用之前全部需要做过敏实验。非离子型造影剂相对来说比较安全。
CN02133720.9新型脂质体超声造影剂及其制备方法,一种脂质体超声造影剂,包括成膜材料包括脂质体、起泡剂、聚合物成份、高渗糖类;每毫升供使用的造影剂中,脂质体0.1~5重量%,起泡剂的比例为0.01~1重量%,高渗糖比例为,高分子聚合物构成比为70-90重量%,生物活性气体为0.15~0.5ml.所述脂质体造影剂的制备流程是将造影剂成膜材料经与水介质或非水介质接触分别形成水悬浮物或溶液-冷冻干燥-冷冻干燥所得的脂质固态物与水合液接触-声振或振荡处理同时将生物活性气体的导入-半成品的检测控制及分装-制成成品.所述的造影剂在小剂量使用时即可长时间增强组织显像,有效增强时间大于30分钟.该发明微球产出率高,微球均一性好,有效微球浓度高.
CN03114567.1超声造影剂和兼药物、基因靶向载体的超声造影剂,公开了一种超声造影剂和一种兼药物、基因载体靶向超声造影剂,含气微泡,直径0.6微米-10微米,气微泡壳是由脂质、高分子可降解多聚体、表面活性剂组成,表面带正电荷。气微泡中空,含空气、氮气等非卤碳气体。用乳液共聚合方法,将丙烯酸及其衍生物进行乳液共聚。在表面活性剂参与下,调节气相与液相之表面张力,使气相进入聚合物乳微泡中。兼药物、基因载体靶向超声造影剂的气微泡是在上述超声造影剂的气微泡基础上含有多聚赖氨酸或多聚氨基酸,带有活性官能基团,基团与一些基因质粒的基团耦合使含气微泡的羧基与GP IIb/IIIa等血栓或抗血栓或溶栓物质的抗体藕联,制成携带IIb/IIIa等抗体的气微泡;气微泡包裹的抗肿瘤药物,在超声作用下破裂,药物在肿瘤局部释放。
CN02132252.X生物降解性微囊型超声造影剂及制备方法,一种生物降解性微囊型超声造影剂,为粒径为1~10微米、微粒体壁厚为50~6000纳米的中空微囊。其制备方法为:在0~37℃温度下,1)将生物降解性脂肪族聚内酯用油性有机溶剂溶解,配制成溶液A;2)蒸馏水中加入乳化剂,混合均匀配成溶液B;3)将溶液B注入溶液A,超声乳化;4)将该乳液加入稳定剂水溶液中搅拌;5)持续搅拌2~10小时后分离出微囊粒子,蒸馏水洗涤;6)将得到的微粒体进行冷冻干燥,得到粉末状的生物降解性微囊。本发明可通过静脉注射或静脉滴注的途径,经过肺循环进入左心腔,再经冠状动脉进入心肌微循环,借助物理原理增大病变组织与正常组织之间、运动部分与静止部分之间对比度,起到超声造影的效果。
CN95196529.8金属复合物作为CT扫描中的肝胆放射造影剂的应用,包含一种其原子序数为39-42、44-51或56-83的金属和一种络合剂的复合物用于制备X-射线造影剂,以用于肝和胆道的CT造影增强。
CN89103735.7新型碘化非离子三碘苯化合物及含该化合物的造影剂的制备方法,涉及下式新型非离子化合物制法,这些化合物可用作造影剂。
CN95196328.7碘代X-射线造影剂,提供可用作X-射线造影剂的低粘度式(I)碘代芳基化合物基团异构体,式中,n是0或1,当n是1时,各C6R5部分可以相同或不同,各R基团是氢原子、碘原子或亲水性部分M或M1,C6R5中的两个或三个非相邻R基团是碘,C6R5中的至少一个R基团是M或M1部分;X代表化学键或提供连接两个C6R5部分的1-7原子链的基团;或者n是0,X代表基团R;M各自独立地是非离子性亲水性基团;M1各自独立地代表被至少一个羟基基团取代的并且可选地通过羰基、磺基或亚磺酰基连接到苯环上的C1-4烷基,式中一个R基团是M1部分;条件是当n是零时,存在至少一个非羟甲基或1,2-二羟乙基基团的M1基团,或者如果存在一个羟甲基或1,2-二羟乙基M 1基团,则也存在至少一个含有与氮连接的羟基化的C3-4烷基部分的M基团。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的就是结合了上述优点,提供一种具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊.
本发明的进一步目的还在于提供该具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊的制备方法。
本发明的首要目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊,其特征在于,为核/壳结构,壳层由可生物降解高分子材料构成,核层内分布有CT造影剂和亲水性或水溶性药物。
所述可生物降解的高分子材料可以是一种,也可以是两种或多种可生物降解的高分子物质的混合物,不完全实例包括但不限于:聚乳酸、聚乙交酯、乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚氰基丙烯酸酯、聚氰基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚ε-己内酯及其其聚物,聚酸酐,聚β-羟基戊酸,聚二氧杂环己烷、聚对酞酸乙醋、聚羟基丁二酸、聚羟基丙二酸以及它们的共聚物。
所述亲水性或水溶性药物的不完全实例包括但不限于:基因、多肽、蛋白质、多核苷酸、遗传物质、肽核酸、染色体、他克莫司(FK506)、阿霉素、丝裂霉素、柔红霉素或紫杉醇,以及其他任何水溶性或亲水性药物。
作为优选方案,所述CT造影剂是已经产品化及临床应用的CT造影剂,包括离子性碘造影剂或非离子性碘造影剂,所述离子性碘造影剂优选胆影葡胺或泛影葡胺,所述非离子性碘造影剂优选阿米培克(amnipague)、优维显(utravist)或碘化油注射液。
作为优选方案,所述纳米胶囊的直径为50~2000纳米,壳层厚度为直径的1/7~1/4。
为了达到上述的进一步目的,本发明的一种具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊的制备方法如下:
(1)将800~5000份质量的水溶性或亲水性药物、0.1~80份质量的CT造影剂和1~50份质量的表面活性剂或乳化剂溶解在100~5000份质量的水中,将其分散均匀,得分散体系A;
(2)将1~80份质量的可生物降解高分子材料和100份质量的有机溶剂混合后,将其分散均匀,得分散体系B;
(3)将0.1~50份质量的表面活性剂或乳化剂加入到100份质量的水中,将其分散均匀,得分散体系C;
(4)以1∶0.1~30的体积比将所得分散体系A加入到分散体系B中,分散均匀形成水/油型乳液,再以1∶1~10的体积比将此乳液加入到所得分散体系C中,使其分散均匀,得水/油/水型复乳体系;
(5)在温度为5~40℃、压力为1.01×105~6.70×10-3帕的条件下,将所得复乳体系充分搅拌反应直到有机溶剂挥发完全,油相中的有机溶剂扩散到水相并挥发,油相中的高分子固化形成纳米粒,将水溶性或亲水性药物和CT造影剂包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的具有示踪效应的可生物降解的载药纳米胶囊。
所述表面活性剂或乳化剂可以是一种物质或几种物质的混合物,其不完全实例包括但不限于:烷基羧酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸酯盐、烷基磷酸酯盐、季铵盐、烷基吡啶盐、胺盐、聚氧乙烯类化合物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、亚砜类化合物、氮氧化合物、多元醇类化合物、环氧乙烯-环氧丙烯共聚物、胺基丙酸、咪唑啉、甜菜碱、牛磺酸、卵磷脂、豆磷脂等。
所述有机溶剂是一种溶剂或几种溶剂的混合物,其不完全实例包括但不限于:二甲基甲酰胺、苯、吡啶、二硫化碳、二氯甲烷、二氧六环、甲醇、氯仿、石油醚、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、乙醇、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、醋酸等.
作为最佳实施方案,所述水溶性或亲水性药物、CT造影剂、分散体系A中的表面活性剂或乳化剂、分散体系A中的水、可生物降解高分子材料、有机溶剂、分散体系C中的表面活性剂或乳化剂及分散体系C中的水的质量比为:150~300∶1~60∶0.5~2∶10∶5~50∶200∶5~35∶500。
所述的有机溶剂扩散和挥发时的优选温度为15~35℃,优选压力为1.01×105~6.70×10-2帕。
本发明的胶囊具有CT示踪效应的特点,同时具有多效功能,表现为高的载药量、可实施靶向和可控释放,可采用(CT)等方法在体外进行实时监控等特性。特别是对治疗疾病、研究药物在体内分布、开发新药提供了一种有效的药物载体。本发明胶囊的囊体为生物降解高分子物质,使胶囊具有在人体内缓释给药的特点;本发明的胶囊在胶囊的粒径小于100nm时,可穿越血脑屏障,因而特别适于治疗肿瘤等疾病的药物。
本发明的制备方法工艺简单,可控,对生产设备要求低。所制得的纳米胶囊的药物包封率可达80%左右。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例一
取3ml的3.5%(w/v)聚乙烯醇PVA的水溶液为内水相(即分散体系A),将30mg卵清蛋白和0.8mg阿米培克(amnipague)CT造影剂分散于水中;有机相(即分散体系B)为溶有2.5%(w/v)PLGA的6ml二氯甲烷;外水相(即分散体系C)为搅拌溶解的0.4%(w/v)的PVA 54ml水溶液。将内水相加入到有机相中并在均质机中(9500rpm)使其分散均匀后,再加入到外水相中分散,在温度为23℃、压力为1.01×105帕的条件下,充分搅拌至有机相完全蒸发,PLGA析出固化成球,将卵清蛋白和阿米培克(amnipague)CT造影剂包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的载药纳米胶囊。
实施例二
取3ml的4.5%(w/v)聚乙烯醇PVA的水溶液为内水相,将45毫克阿霉素和1.2mg阿米培克(amnipague)CT造影剂分散于水中;有机相为溶有6%(w/v)PLA的6ml乙酸乙酯;外水相为搅拌溶解的0.5%(w/v)的PVA65ml水溶液。将内水相加入到有机相中并在分散机中(9500rpm)使其分散均匀后,再加入到外水相中分散,在温度为26℃、压力为1.01×105帕的条件下,搅拌蒸发约180分钟去除有机相,PLA析出固化成球,将阿霉素和阿米培克(amnipague)包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的载药纳米胶囊。
实施例三
取6ml的5%(w/v)的十二烷基磺酸钠水溶液为内水相,将30毫克紫杉醇和1.5mg阿米培克(amnipague)分散于水中;有机相为溶有10%(w/v)PLGA的6ml二氯甲烷;外水相为搅拌溶解的0.4%(w/v)的PVA 54ml水溶液。将内水相加入到有机相中并在搅拌机中(9500rpm)使其分散均匀后,再加入到外水相中分散,在温度为26℃、压力为1.01×105帕,搅拌蒸发约240分钟以去除有机相,PLGA析出固化成球,将紫杉醇和阿米培克(amnipague)包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的载药纳米胶囊.
实施例四
取3ml的4.8%(w/v)聚乙烯醇PVA的水溶液为内水相,将40毫克柔红霉素和1.8mg优维显(utravist)CT造影剂分散于水中;有机相为溶有1%(w/v)PLGA的8ml乙酸乙酯和丙酮的混合物;外水相为搅拌溶解的3%(w/v)的十二烷基磺酸钠水溶液50ml。将内水相加入到有机相中并在搅拌机中(9500rpm)使其分散均匀后,再加入到外水相中分散,在温度为26℃、压力为1.01×105帕的条件下,搅拌蒸发约240分钟以去除有机相,PLGA析出固化成球,将柔红霉素和优维显(utravist)CT造影剂包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的载药纳米胶囊。
实施例五
取3ml的3%(w/v)十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液为内水相,将60毫克阿霉素和2.0mg分散优维显(utravist)CT造影剂于水中;有机相为溶有1%(w/v)PLGA的6ml丙酮;外水相为搅拌溶解的1%(w/v)的PVA 80ml水溶液。将内水相加入到有机相中并在分散机中(9500rpm)使其分散均匀后,再加入到外水相中分散,在温度为26℃、压力为1.01×105帕的条件下,搅拌蒸发约240分钟以去除有机相,PLGA析出固化成球,将阿霉素和优维显(utravist)CT造影剂包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的载药纳米胶囊。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊,其特征在于:为核/壳结构,壳层由可生物降解高分子材料构成,核层内分布有CT造影剂和水溶性或亲水性药物,胶囊的直径为50~2000纳米;
该胶囊按下列步骤制成:
(1)将800~5000份质量的水溶性或亲水性药物、0.1~80份质量的CT造影剂和1~50份质量的表面活性剂或乳化剂溶解在100~5000份质量的水中,将其分散均匀,得分散体系A;
(2)将1~80份质量的可生物降解高分子材料和100份质量的有机溶剂混合后,将其分散均匀,得分散体系B;
(3)将0.1~50份质量的表面活性剂或乳化剂加入到100份质量的水中,将其分散均匀,得分散体系C;
(4)以1∶0.1~30的体积比将所得分散体系A加入到分散体系B中,分散均匀形成水/油型乳液,再以1∶1~10的体积比将此乳液加入到所得分散体系C中,使其分散均匀,得水/油/水型复乳体系;
(5)在温度为5~40℃、压力为1.01×105~6.70×10-3帕的条件下,将所得复乳体系充分搅拌反应直到有机溶剂挥发完全,油相中的有机溶剂扩散到水相并挥发,油相中的高分子固化形成纳米粒,将水溶性或亲水性药物和CT造影剂包覆在里面,形成核/壳结构的具有示踪效应的可生物降解的载药纳米胶囊;
所述可生物降解高分子材料为聚乙交酯或乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;
所述CT造影剂为阿米培克或优维显;
所述水溶性或亲水性药物为卵清蛋白、阿霉素、丝裂霉素、柔红霉素或紫杉醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂或乳化剂为十二烷基磺酸纳或聚乙烯醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有CT示踪效应的可生物降解纳米药物胶囊,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
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WO2012169973A1 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A core-shell nanoparticle |
US11327030B2 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2022-05-10 | Shiseido Company, Ltd. | Method for preparing sample for X-ray imaging |
CN108976428A (zh) * | 2018-06-17 | 2018-12-11 | 赵延延 | 一种高分子可降解药物载体生物材料的制备方法 |
CN110302399B (zh) * | 2019-05-07 | 2022-02-22 | 牡丹江医学院 | 一种靶向增强ct显像造影剂及其制备方法 |
CN110772647B (zh) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-11-15 | 河北医科大学 | 一种包载含碘造影用药物的胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN113694020A (zh) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-26 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | 一种可视化无水乙醇-碘普罗胺复合硬化注射剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN1399958A (zh) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-03-05 | 潘君琦 | 一种紫杉醇纳米磁性靶向制剂及其制备方法 |
CN1473558A (zh) * | 2003-06-27 | 2004-02-11 | 天津大学 | 复合功能超微磁性载体粒子及其制备方法 |
CN1616524A (zh) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-18 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 复乳法制备磁性高分子微球 |
CN1679518A (zh) * | 2005-01-12 | 2005-10-12 | 华东理工大学 | 磁性药物胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN1686087A (zh) * | 2005-03-30 | 2005-10-26 | 深圳市人民医院 | 纳米磁性药物微球及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN1399958A (zh) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-03-05 | 潘君琦 | 一种紫杉醇纳米磁性靶向制剂及其制备方法 |
CN1473558A (zh) * | 2003-06-27 | 2004-02-11 | 天津大学 | 复合功能超微磁性载体粒子及其制备方法 |
CN1616524A (zh) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-18 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 复乳法制备磁性高分子微球 |
CN1679518A (zh) * | 2005-01-12 | 2005-10-12 | 华东理工大学 | 磁性药物胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN1686087A (zh) * | 2005-03-30 | 2005-10-26 | 深圳市人民医院 | 纳米磁性药物微球及其制备方法和应用 |
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