CN1970537B - 双硫腙的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种以苯肼和二硫化碳为基本原料的经过改进的双硫腙的制造方法,其特征是,该制备过程包括下列步骤:(1)β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸的苯肼盐合成;(2)由苯肼盐制取二苯氨基硫脲;(3)二苯氨基硫脲经氧化得到双硫腙粗制品,再经精制而得到试剂级的双硫腙。其中β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸的苯肼盐的合成所用的溶剂,以乙醇替代苯,精制品提纯所用的酸碱处理法中,以氨水和盐酸替代原来沿用的氢氧化钠和硫酸,改善了环保,提高了产品质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分析化学用试剂的制造方法,具体地说,涉及一种金属特别是铅的分析测定用试剂——双硫腙的制造方法。
背景技术
双硫腙(dithizone),学名二苯基卡巴腙,是一种蓝黑色的结晶粉末,它与金属的水溶液混和摇振,在水相中生成金属络盐,转入有机溶剂层,发生显著的颜色变化。根据金属络盐的颜色的色泽和深度,可用于某些微量金属,如汞、铅、锌、镉等的测定,尤其是对微量的铅有极高的灵敏度、较好的稳定性及敏锐的色泽变化,是分析化学科学中的一项重要分析试剂。作为现有技术在《有机合成》(《OrganicSyntheses》,vol 25,P38中介绍了一种双硫腙的制备方法,它采用浓度为20%的苯肼苯溶液,于20~25℃下,滴加二硫化碳,滴加时间3~3.5小时,加完后,继续搅拌25~35分钟,生成β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸苯肼盐留在容器中,将上述的盐加热回流,反应温度75~78℃放出硫化氢气体,冷却,滤取结晶得中间体二苯氨基硫脲。把中间体二苯氨基硫脲加到氢氧化钠甲醇溶液中氧化得红色溶液,冷却后,把冰冷的1N硫酸溶液加到红色溶液中,直至溶液对刚果红试纸呈酸性,吸滤出兰黑色沉淀双硫腙粗品。把双硫腙粗品溶解在氢氧化钠溶液中,过滤后,在滤液中再加入1N硫酸溶液,再析出兰黑色沉淀用水充分洗涤至洗液中无硫酸根检出,吸干,干燥后得纯品。
发明内容
本发明是在对上述现有技术作进一步改进以后达成的。主要的改进之点在于:1、溶剂选择,用乙醇替代苯。众所周知,苯对人体具有明显的毒性,改用乙醇后可以降低毒性,减少三废,满足环保和劳动保护方面的要求。2、粗制品的精制采用酸碱处理法,并且用氨水替代氢氧化钠溶液,用盐酸替代硫酸,不但避免了因氢氧化钠和硫酸腐蚀性极强,给操作带来不便的弊病,而且还能大幅度降低灰份,提高成品质量。
本发明是这样实现的,其特征在于所述的双硫腙制备过程包括下列步骤:
1)以苯肼和二硫化碳为原料合成β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸的苯肼盐;
2)由步骤1)得到的苯肼盐,制取二苯氨基硫脲;
3)二苯氨基硫脲经氧化而得到双硫腙粗制品,再经精制后得到试剂级的双硫腙。
整个制备过程的化学反应方程式如下:
其中,步骤1)的操作方法如下:在不断搅拌下把二硫化碳滴加到苯肼的乙醇溶液中,苯肼与乙醇的重量比为1∶4~4.5,苯肼与二硫化碳的摩尔比为1∶0.55~0.70,反应温度20~25℃,滴加二硫化碳时间为3~3.5小时,滴加完毕后继续搅拌25~35分钟,生成的β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸苯肼盐留在容器中.
步骤2)的操作方法是:回流加热步骤1)得到的β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸苯肼盐,放出硫化氢气体,最终放出氨气,反应温度75~78℃,中控终点,冷却,放料,离心甩干,得中间体二苯氨基硫脲。
最后,步骤3)是将步骤2)中得到的中间体二苯氨基硫脲加到氢氧化钠甲醇溶液使之氧化而生成双硫腙,然后加15重量%盐酸析出双硫腙的粗制品,接着将该粗制品(甩干品)用5重量%氨水搅拌溶解,其中5重量%氨水与粗制品重量比为7~10∶1,过滤后,滤液中加入维生素C,用量为:维生素C对粗制品的重量比是:0.0004~0.0001∶1。维生素C是一种抗氧剂,防止双硫腙氧化而影响质量。其后,滤液用15重量%盐酸析出,其用量与粗制品重量之比为2.5~3∶1,析出双硫腙甩干,干燥得精制的纯品,精制品的甩干干燥温度50为~55℃。
由上述可见,本发明方法与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
1、β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸的苯肼盐的合成所用的溶剂,以乙醇替代苯,可降低毒性、改善环保、减少三废排放、优化劳动保护条件。。
2、精制品提纯所用的酸碱处理法,原来沿用的氢氧化钠和硫酸,改为氨水和盐酸,减轻了腐蚀性,这样可以使操作方便,大幅度减少灰份,提高产品质量。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明决不局限于该实施例。
实施例
1、苯肼盐的生成及其分解成二苯氨基硫脲
向装配有搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗和冷凝器(连通水冲泵)的5000ml圆底烧瓶中加入1600克无水乙醇,搅拌下使400克苯肼使充分溶解,然后从滴液漏斗中加入180克二硫化碳,控制反应温度20~25℃,约3~3.5小时加完,加完后,继续搅拌25~35分钟,生成的β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸苯肼盐留在烧瓶中,然后用水浴慢慢加热,升温至75~78℃,直至硫化氢放完,硫化氢气体用液碱吸收,最终放空出氨(分解状态),可用溴百里酚蓝指示液测试,指示液由黄色变为翠绿色即为反应终点,冷却室温倒出抽干得二苯氨基硫脲。
2、二苯氨基硫脲氧化成双硫腙粗制品
另取固碱170克,甲醇1400克置于5000ml圆底烧瓶中搅拌溶解成氢氧化钠甲醇溶液,将上述二苯氨基硫脲加入其中,水浴加热回流,沸腾5分钟,然后立即进冷水约2000克,冷却,放入烧杯内,用15重量%盐酸加入酸析,至溶液成无色,使刚果红试纸变蓝,析出蓝黑色沉淀,抽干得双硫腙粗品。
3、双硫腙粗制品的精制
将上述粗制品置于小搪瓷桶内,加10重量%氨水1700克,然后加蒸馏水至3500ml,搅拌溶解,搅拌时间为1小时后,静置2小时,用涤纶布自然过滤,在滤液中加维生素C 0.2克,然后用15重量%盐酸溶液,600克盐酸(含量为30重量%)用600克蒸馏水稀释后,滴加至溶液为无色,刚果红试纸变蓝,析出蓝黑色沉淀,滤取沉淀,用蒸馏水洗涤至无酸性,抽干,干燥,温度为50~55℃,得80~100克成品.
Claims (2)
1.一种双硫腙的制造方法,其特征是,该制备过程包括下列步骤:
1)以苯肼和二硫化碳为原料合成β-苯基-二硫代肼基甲酸的苯肼盐;
2)由步骤1)得到的苯肼盐,制取二苯氨基硫脲;
3)二苯氨基硫脲经氧化而得到双硫腙粗制品,再经精制而得到试剂级的双硫腙;
所述的步骤1)是在苯肼的乙醇溶液中滴加二硫化碳,苯肼与乙醇的重量比为1∶4~4.5,苯肼和二硫化碳的摩尔比控制为1∶0.55~0.70,反应温度为20~25℃,二硫化碳滴加时间3~3.5小时,滴加完毕后继续搅拌25~35分钟;
所述的步骤2)是加热回流由步骤1)得到的苯肼盐,使之释放出硫化氢气体并以释放出氨气为终点,反应温度75~78℃,冷却后放出反应物料,甩干;
所述步骤3)是把步骤2)中得到的二苯氨基硫脲加入四倍于苯肼量的10重量%的氢氧化钠甲醇溶液中,甩干后的粗制品,然后加入15重量%盐酸析出双硫腙粗制品,甩干后的粗制品,以1∶7~10的重量比搅拌溶解于5重量%氨水中,过滤后的滤液用15重量%盐酸溶液使双硫腙析出,15重量%盐酸溶液用量与粗制品的重量比为2.5~3.1;在粗制品搅拌溶解于5重量%氨水过滤而得到的滤液中加入维生素C,用量为维生素C对粗制品的重量比是:0.0004~0.0001∶1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双硫腙的制造方法,其特征是,最后精制品的甩干干燥温度为50~55℃。
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ORGANIC SYNTHESES25.1945,2538-41. * |
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