CN1966334B - 车轴间转矩产生装置 - Google Patents

车轴间转矩产生装置 Download PDF

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CN1966334B
CN1966334B CN2006101485787A CN200610148578A CN1966334B CN 1966334 B CN1966334 B CN 1966334B CN 2006101485787 A CN2006101485787 A CN 2006101485787A CN 200610148578 A CN200610148578 A CN 200610148578A CN 1966334 B CN1966334 B CN 1966334B
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torque
gear
sun
unit
planet gear
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CN1966334A (zh
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横山笃
山门诚
山本立行
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B60K17/3462—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear with means for changing distribution of torque between front and rear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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Abstract

本发明提供一种小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置，其降低传递给反动转矩机构的转矩，且不使用复杂的差动机构。该车轴间转矩产生装置具备：各一对行星齿轮机构中将第一行星齿轮机构和第一车轴单元连接的第一减速机构、和将第二行星齿轮机构和第二车轴单元连接的第二减速机构，将行星齿轮机构的旋转单元之一经由第一减速机构或第二减速机构与通过差动机构以一对车轮的平均速度旋转的第二车轴单元连接。由此，通过在行星齿轮机构和车轴单元之间连接减速机构，可降低用行星齿轮机构传递的转矩，进而由于可共用减速机构和差动机构的部件，因此，可提供小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。

Description

车轴间转矩产生装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在连接车辆两个车轴的车轴间连接装置中利用单一的转矩产生源在车轴间以相同的大小产生反向的转矩(反动转矩)的车轴间转矩产生装置。
背景技术
历来，已知有通过电动机的转矩在一对车轮间产生反动转矩的反动转矩机构。专利文献1中记载的反动转矩机构具备相同规格的第一、第二行星齿轮机构，其第一行星齿轮架及第二行星齿轮架分别与差动机构的一对输出单元连接。第一太阳齿轮及第二太阳齿轮一体形成，另外，第一齿圈与液压电动机连结，并且第二齿圈固定于壳体上。在车辆转向时，当用液压电动机驱动第一齿圈时，在第一行星齿轮架及第二行星齿轮架之间产生差旋转，在右车轮和左车轮之间产生反动转矩。通过使用同一齿轮比的一对行星齿轮机构的构成，实现反动转矩机构的径向尺寸的小型化、重量的消减及设计自由度的提高。
专利文献1：特开平6-300096号公报
上述现有的反动转矩机构中，由于第一行星齿轮架和第二行星齿轮架以与车轮的旋转相同的速度旋转，因此，与车轴上产生的转矩同等的转矩传递给反动转矩机构，从而为了确保足够的强度，而存在导致机构大型化的问题。另外，上述现有的反动转矩机构连接有差动机构的一对输出单元。在不仅要实现上述情况而且目前还要广泛应用的伞齿轮式差动机构中，配置于两个输出单元中间的输入单元构成障碍，难以将一对输出单元相连接。因此，输入单元使用对输出单元间没有连接障碍的行星齿轮式差动机构，但是，由于行星齿轮式差动机构其构造复杂，因此，存在导致机构大型化的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供车轴间转矩产生装置，其具备：各一对行星齿轮机构中将第一行星齿轮机构和第一车轴单元连接的第一减速机构、和将第二行星齿轮机构和第二车轴单元连接的第二减速机构。由此，通过在行星齿轮机构和车轴单元之间连接减速机构，可降低由行星齿轮机构传递的转矩，因此，可降低必要的强度，且可提供小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明第二方面提供车轴间转矩产生装置，其设于第一车轴单元和第二车轴单元之间，其中，在车辆具备的多个车轮中，该第一车轴单元以与一个车轮相同的速度旋转，该第二车轴单元与一对半轴齿轮和该两半轴齿轮啮合的小齿轮连接以一对车轮的平均速度旋转，该车轴间转矩产生装置具备：具有太阳齿轮、齿圈、行星齿轮和支承行星齿轮的行星齿轮架的旋转单元构成的一对行星齿轮机构；转矩产生源；所述一对行星齿轮机构中将第一行星齿轮机构和所述第一车轴单元连接的第二减速机构；及将第二行星齿轮机构和所述第二车轴单元连接的第一减速机构，并且，所述行星齿轮机构的所述旋转单元中，第一旋转单元、即齿圈彼此不能相对旋转地连接；将第二旋转单元、即太阳齿轮中的一个固定，并将另一个与所述转矩产生源连接；将第三旋转单元、即行星齿轮架中的一个与所述第二减速机构连接，并将另一个与所述第一减速机构连接。由此，通过在行星齿轮机构和车轴单元之间连接减速机构，可降低由行星齿轮机构传递的转矩，且能够共用减速机构和差动机构的构件，因此，可提供小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
另外，为实现上述目的，本发明第三方面提供车轴间转矩产生装置，具有通过至少由两个旋转单元构成的减速机构使车轴单元和行星齿轮机构的旋转轴不同的配置。由此，由于行星齿轮机构的设计不必考虑车轴单元，因此，与在车轴单元和行星齿轮机构配置在同一轴上的情况相比，可提供设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
另外，为实现上述目的，本发明第四方面提供车轴间转矩产生装置，相对于所述一对行星齿轮机构，第一车轴单元及第二车轴单元在同一轴向连接。由此，可将行星齿轮机构的转矩产生源的连接反向和车轴单元的连接反向分离，且由于转矩的传递方向在一方向一定，因此，可提供更小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
另外，为实现上述目的，本发明第五方面提供车轴间转矩产生装置，经由所述行星齿轮机构的旋转单元传递用于推进车辆的转矩。由此，可共用用于传递车辆推进转矩的构件，且可提供更小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
根据本发明，可提供小型且设计自由度高的车轴间转矩产生装置。
图1是表示本发明第一实施方式的车轴间转矩产生装置的图；
图2是表示本发明第二实施方式的车轴间转矩产生装置的图；
附图说明
图3是在其它车辆驱动方式中应用了本发明的图；
图4是在其它车辆驱动方式中应用了本发明的图。
图中：1发动机；4RL后左车轮；4R后右车轮；5差动机构；6差动输入单元；10反动转矩机构；壳体；13输入轴；14a第一输出轴；14b第二输出轴；19a第一减速机构；19b第二减速机构；20反动转矩驱动电动机；21转矩控制装置。
下面，参照附图说明本发明实施方式。
实施例1
具体实施方式
图1是本发明第一实施方式的车轴间转矩产生装置的构成。
对于利用作为车辆推进源的发动机1驱动后轮的方式的车辆应用本发明的车轴间转矩产生装置的例子。推进驱动轴2经由主减速器3和差动机构5与后轮的左车轮4RL和右轮4RR连接。主减速器3将推进驱动轮2的旋转方向变换90度，同时以规定的减速比将推进驱动轮2的转速减速。
差动装置5由与主减速器3一起旋转的差动输入单元6、左右一对伞齿轮式半轴齿轮7RL、7RR、与两半轴齿轮啮合的小齿轮8构成，半轴齿轮7RL、7RR和小齿轮8由差动输入单元6旋转支承，半轴齿轮7RL、7RR和小齿轮8的旋转轴直角配置。左侧半轴齿轮7RL与左车轮4RL连结，右侧半轴齿轮7RR与右车轮4RL连结，半轴齿轮7RL、7RR的平均转速为差动输入单元6的转速，在半轴齿轮7RL、7RR没有转速差时，半轴齿轮7RL、7RR和差动输入单元6的转速一致。半轴齿轮7RL、7RR是以与一个车轮同一速度旋转的车轴单元，差动输入单元6是通过差动机构以一对车轮的平均速度旋转的车轴单元。
反动转矩机构10具备：与车体固定的壳体11；具有同一减速比的旋转单元的一对行星齿轮机构12a、12b；反动转矩输入轴13；一对输出轴14a、14b。第一行星齿轮机构12a由第一太阳齿轮15a、第一齿圈16a、第一行星齿轮17a、第一行星齿轮架18a构成，第一行星齿轮架18a支承与第一太阳齿轮15a及第一齿圈16a啮合的第一行星齿轮17a。第二行星齿轮机构12b由第二太阳齿轮15b、第二齿圈16b、第二行星齿轮17b、第二行星齿轮架18b构成，第二行星齿轮架18b支承与第二太阳齿轮15b及第二齿圈16b啮合的第二行星齿轮17b。太阳齿轮15a、15b的齿数都是Zs，齿圈16a、16b的齿数都为Zr。
第一太阳齿轮15a经由减速机构22与作为转矩产生源的反动转矩驱动电动机20连接，第二太阳齿轮15b固定于外壳11上而不能旋转。第一齿圈16a和第二齿圈16b相对于外壳11支承可以旋转，但是，相邻的齿圈相互相对不能旋转地连结。第一行星齿轮架18a经由第一输出轴14a及第一减速机构19a与差动输入单元6连结。第一输出轴14a的旋转经由具有减速比1/N的第一减速机构19a被减速1/N倍，传递到差动输入单元6。第二行星齿轮架18b经由第二输出轴14b及第二减速机构19b与左车轮半轴齿轮7RL连结。第二输出轴14b的旋转通过具有与第一减速机构19a相同的减速比1/N的第二减速机构19a减速1/N倍，传递到左车轮半轴齿轮7RL。
减速机构19a和减速机构19b由旋转轴不同的两个旋转单元构成。因此，可将第一行星齿轮机构12a和差动输入单元6配置在不同的旋转轴上，且可将第二行星齿轮机构12b和左车轮半轴齿轮7RL配置在不同的旋转轴上。在将行星齿轮机构12a、12b和左车轮半轴齿轮7RL配置在同轴上时，由于车轴单元与行星齿轮机构12a、12b的内部贯通，因此，设计上存在问题，但如果将其配置在车轴单元与行星齿轮机构不同的轴上，则可以避免这样的问题，因此，可提供设计自由度提高，且小型的车轴间转矩产生装置。
另外，如图1所示，在反动转矩机构10的左侧连接反动转矩电动机20的输入轴，在其右侧连接两个输入轴14a、14b和差动输入单元6及半轴齿轮7RL。即，连接反动转矩的产生源的方向、连接第一车轴单元及第二车轴单元的方向为不同的构成。因此，可使传递转矩的方向与一方向一致，且可以以反动转矩驱动电动机20和反动转矩机构10、差动机构5、车轮4RL、4RR这样的转矩传递顺序配置各个单元。因此，与两个输出轴14a、14b的连接方向不同的构成相比，可提供机构单元的设计简化，且小型的车轴间转矩产生装置。
作为驱动控制装置的反动转矩控制装置21电连接到反动转矩驱动电动机20，基于来自于未图示的车辆运转状态检测装置的运转状态信号运算需要的反动转矩，并驱动反动转矩控制装置21。运转状态信号是表示转向盘转角、油门开度、制动踏板操作量等运转操作量；车体速度、车轮速度、偏行率、偏离角等车辆运转状态量；路面摩擦系数、路面倾斜等外界环境状态的信号。
其次，对本发明第一实施方式的动作进行说明。
首先，说明以输入轴13和输出轴14a、14b之间的转速关系及传递转矩关系、和反动转矩驱动电动机20的驱动转矩为反动转矩传递向左车轮4RL及右车轮4RR的结构。在第二输出轴14b和第二行星齿轮架18b以速度ωb旋转时，第二太阳齿轮15b固定在外壳11上，因此，齿圈16a、16b的转速为(Zr+Zs)/Zr×ωb。在第一输出轴14a和第一行星齿轮架18a以速度ωa旋转，第一齿圈16a以速度(Zr+Zs)/Zr×ωb旋转时，第一太阳齿轮15a和输入轴13的转速ωi为(Zr+Zs)/Zs×(ωba-ωb)。因此，若将第一输出轴和第二输出轴的转速差设为Δω(＝ωa-ωb)，则输入轴13的转速ωi成为(Zr+Zs)/Zs×Δω。
这样，输入轴转速ωi不依赖于第一输出轴转速ωa的大小及第二输出轴转速ωb的大小，而依赖于第一输出轴和第二输出轴的转速Δω。换言之，在通过反动转矩驱动电动机20将输入轴13的旋转控制在速度ωi时，第一输出轴转速ωa和第二输出轴转速ωb的大小即车辆速度不受限制，而仅规定转速差Δω。另外，在通过反动转矩驱动电动机20给予输入轴13输入转矩Ti时，向第一输出轴14a输出转矩{(Zr+Zs)/Zs×Ti}作为输出转矩Ta。另一方面，向第二输出轴14b输出与第一输出轴14a大小相同而相反方向的转矩{-(Zr+Zs)/Zs×Ti}作为第二输出转矩Tb。在第一输出轴14a和第二输出轴14b上生成反动转矩。
第一输出轴14a的转矩通过第一减速机构19a增幅N倍，传递给差动输入单元6。由于从差动输入单元6输出的转矩通过差动结构均匀地分配给左右轮4RL、4RR，因此，对左车轮4RL和右车轮4RR分别传递(Zr+Zs)/Zs/2×N×Ti的转矩。另一方面，第二输出轴14b的转矩通过第二减速机构19a增幅N倍，将{-(Zr+Zs)/Zs×N×Ti}的转矩传递给左车轮4RL。因此，通过反动转矩结构10在左车轮4RL上产生的转矩与从第一输出轴14a及第二输出轴14b传递来的转矩合并，成为-(Zr+Zs)/Zs/2×N×Ti。即，在给予输入轴13输入转矩Ti时，对左右轮4RL、4RR产生±(Zr+Zs)/Zs/2×N×Ti的反动转矩(大小相同、方向不同的转矩)。
这样，由于通过减速机构19a、19b将转矩增大，因此，传递到反动转矩机构10中的转矩比由差动机构5及左右轮4RL、4RR传递的转矩小。因此，由于可降低必要的强度，因此，可实现小型的反动转矩。
进而，反动转矩机构10的第一输出轴14a未直接连接到左右轮，而连结到差动输入单元6，由此可共用差动输入单元构件，且可实现小型的车轴间转矩产生装置。另外，由于左右轮4RL、4RR没有相互连结，因此，可不使用复杂的行星齿轮式差动机构，而使用伞齿轮式差动机构，故可实现小型的车轴间转矩产生装置。
对车辆行驶中的反动转矩机构10的控制方法进行说明。在车辆直行中的情况下，由于左右车轮4RL、4RR以相同的速度旋转，因此，输入轴转速ωi保持在零。若在发动机1上产生推进驱动转矩，则推进驱动转矩通过差动机构5均匀地分配在左右车轮4RL、4RR上。在车辆直行中左右轮的转速差产生时，反动转矩控制装置21若在抑制其转速差的方向控制反动转矩驱动电动机20，则直行稳定性提高。此时，传递给左右车轮4RL、4RR的转矩成为在发动机1的推进驱动转矩上加上反动转矩驱动电动机20的转矩的大小。
车辆的转向中由于左右轮的转向半径不同，因此，左右车轮4RL、4RR上产生转速差。例如，在车辆左转向中第一输出轴和第二输出轴上产生转速差Δω时，输入轴13的转速ωi成为(Zr+Zs)/Zs×Δω。若在输入轴转速ωi的增加方向施加转矩，则右车轮4RR上产生的驱动转矩增加，左车轮4RL上产生的驱动转矩减少。因此，在车辆上促进转向运动的方向产生力矩(moment)，可提高转向性能。另外，例如在车辆的左转向中产生需要以上的转向运动，车辆的稳定性受到损害的情况下，反动转矩控制装置21在输入轴转速ωi的减少方向控制转矩。由此，右车轮4RR上产生的驱动转矩减少，左车轮4RL上产生的驱动转矩增加，能够抑制不稳定的转向运动。
(实施例2)
图2表示本发明的第二实施方式。另外，有关与第一实施方式相同的构成及动作省略说明。
图2是用未图示的发动机驱动前轮，将反动转矩驱动电动机20作为车辆推进源驱动后轮的方式的例子。反动转矩驱动电动机20的驱动转矩除输入轴13以外，也可以从推进驱动输入轴13b输入。反动转矩驱动电动机20经由减速机构22及离合器机构30与输入轴13及推进驱动输入轴13b连接。离合器机构由传递减速机构22和输入轴13之间的转矩的离合器板31、控制离合器板31的连接状态的线圈33、传递减速机构22和推进驱动输入轴13b之间的转矩的离合器板32、控制离合器板31的连接状态的线圈34构成。驱动控制装置21和线圈33、34电连接。在连接离合器板31的情况下，反动转矩驱动电动机20的驱动转矩作为反动转矩传递给车轮4RL、4RR，在连接离合器板32的情况下，反动转矩驱动电动机20的驱动转矩经由反动转矩机构10的构成单元即第一输出轴14a作为车辆推进转矩传递给车轮4RL、4RR。
在雪道等路面摩擦系数低的路面上行驶中，除发动机给前轮的推进转矩以外，还需要给后轮4RL、4RR的推进转矩，在该情况下，若反动转矩控制装置21连接控制离合器板32，则可提高车辆的推进性能。另外，如第一实施方式，在后轮需要反动转矩时，若反动转矩控制装置21连接控制离合器板31，则可提高车辆的转向性能。
这样，不仅可将一个反动转矩驱动电动机20作为反动转矩产生源使用，也可以将其作为车辆的推进转矩产生源使用，因此，可提供小型的车轴间转矩产生装置。另外，由于经由反动转矩机构10传递推进转矩产生源的转矩，因此，可共用反动转矩机构10构件，且可提供小型的车轴间转矩产生装置。
在第一实施方式中表示了后轮应用于由发动机驱动的车辆的例子，第二实施方式中表示了应用于由发动机驱动前轮，由电动机驱动后轮的车辆的例子，但是，本发明的反动转矩机构也可以不依赖于车辆驱动方式而进行应用。
例如图3所示，也可以适用由发动机和电动机驱动前后左右车轮的车辆。发动机1和电动机40的驱动转矩或控制转矩经由差动机构5C、差动机构5F、差动机构5R均等地传递给前后左右车轮4FL、4FR、4RL、4RR。差动机构5C、差动机构5F、差动机构5R分别连接反动转矩机构10C、10F、10R，并通过来自于反动转矩驱动电动机20C、20F、20R的驱动转矩传递反动转矩。在反动转矩驱动电动机20C、20F、20R未动作的状态下，发动机1和电动机40的驱动转矩被均等地分配给车轮4FL、4FR、4RL、4RR，但由于在反动转矩驱动电动机20C、20F、20R上产生转矩，从而可任意调节车轮4FL、4FR、4RL、4RR的各转矩。另外，电动机40不仅能够产生推进车辆的方向的转矩，而且能够产生减速方向的转矩，因此，车轮4FL、4FR、4RL、4RR。可产生的转矩范围可增大为比只有发动机1的情况大。这样，通过将本发明的反动转矩机构应用给具备电动机40的四轮驱动车辆，从二能够自由控制车轮4FL、4FR、4RL、4RR的转矩，因此，能够进一步提高车辆的行驶性能。
另外，例如图4所示，也可以适用于由发动机1驱动前轮4RL、4RR，只在后轮上产生反动转矩的方式。连接反动转矩机构，经由减速机构19a、19b传递给车轮4RL、4RR。这样，由于通过减速机构19a、19b进行转矩放大，因此，反动转矩机构10中传递的转矩比由左右轮4RL、4RR传递的转矩小。由于可降低必要的强度，因此，可实现小型的反动转矩机构。另外，由于不需要用于传递推进车辆的转矩的差动机构，因此，能够实现小型的反动转矩机构。
还有，例如，本发明不限于机动车，也可以适用于如电动轮椅这样左右具备车轮的车辆。

Claims (3)

1.一种车轴间转矩产生装置，其设于第一车轴单元(7RL)和第二车轴单元(6)之间，其中，在车辆具备的多个车轮(4FL、4FR、4RL、4RR)中，该第一车轴单元(7RL)以与一个车轮相同的速度旋转，该第二车轴单元(6)与一对半轴齿轮(7RL、7RR)和该两半轴齿轮(7RL、7RR)啮合的小齿轮(8)连接以一对车轮的平均速度旋转，该车轴间转矩产生装置具备：具有太阳齿轮(15a、15b)、齿圈(16a、16b)、行星齿轮(17a、17b)和支承行星齿轮(17a、17b)的行星齿轮架(18a、18b)的旋转单元构成的一对行星齿轮机构(12a、12b)；转矩产生源(21)；所述一对行星齿轮机构(12a、12b)中将第一行星齿轮机构(12b)和所述第一车轴单元(7RL)连接的第二减速机构(19b)；及将第二行星齿轮机构(12a)和所述第二车轴单元(6)连接的第一减速机构(19a)，并且，所述行星齿轮机构的所述旋转单元中，第一旋转单元、即齿圈(16a、16b)彼此不能相对旋转地连接；将第二旋转单元、即太阳齿轮(15a、15b)中的一个(15b)固定，并将另一个(15a)与所述转矩产生源(21)连接；将第三旋转单元、即行星齿轮架(18a、18b)中的一个(18b)与所述第二减速机构(19b)连接，并将另一个(18a)与所述第一减速机构(19a)连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的车轴间转矩产生装置，其特征在于，对于所述一对行星齿轮机构(12a、12b)的旋转轴(14a、14b)来说，第一车轴单元(7RL)及第二车轴单元(6)在同一纵向上连接。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车轴间转矩产生装置，其特征在于，用于推进车辆的转矩经由所述行星齿轮机构的旋转单元而传递。
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