CN1949987A - 液体浓缩制剂 - Google Patents

液体浓缩制剂 Download PDF

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CN1949987A
CN1949987A CNA2005800145207A CN200580014520A CN1949987A CN 1949987 A CN1949987 A CN 1949987A CN A2005800145207 A CNA2005800145207 A CN A2005800145207A CN 200580014520 A CN200580014520 A CN 200580014520A CN 1949987 A CN1949987 A CN 1949987A
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CN1949987B (zh
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M·J·B·莫伦纳尔
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Nutricia NV
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Abstract

本发明涉及适用于喂养恶病质病人的液体全营养组合物,能量密度至少为1.45千卡/毫升。该组合物包括:7.8-12克每100毫升的蛋白质成分、碳水化合物成分和液体成分。通过软化奶(如超滤)可以获得至少70重量%的蛋白质成分。碳水化合物成分(17-27克每100毫升)可包括0-35重量%蔗糖、15-45重量%其他非还原单糖、双糖及/或三糖,尤其是海藻糖、5-50重量%其他单糖和双糖以及5-40重量%三糖及更高的葡萄糖。该产品适用于小包装(10-150毫升)。

Description

液体浓缩制剂
本发明涉及浓缩液体营养产品及其制备工艺、恶病质(因营养缺乏导致的体质严重紊乱状态)治疗办法。
临床问题
一些病人需要最小液体剂量的全营养。这些病人可能是恶病质病人或晚期艾滋病、癌症或癌治疗、COPD(慢性肺梗阻病)之类的严重肺疾病、肺病及其他传染病患者,或经历大手术或创伤如烧伤的病人。此外,喉嘴病症如食道癌或胃炎病人以及吞咽困难人员如咽下困难者需要特别液态的低剂量营养。还有,食欲不振或失去味觉的病人将受益于小剂量液体食物。
这些患者群体对食品稠度和产品的感觉性能如粘度、口感、味觉、嗅觉和色觉等极其敏感。另外,这些患者群体可能对乳糖或谷胶较为敏感,这可能造成难以忍受的过敏反应。
本发明旨在提供吸引病人饮用的液体产品,该产品有极高的营养密度,支持上述病人群体的营养和健康。
现有技术
曾尝试过解决该问题。目前正在销售的即可饮用液体产品包含多达28重量%的干物质。若包含更多的配料则会造成配料沉淀和沉积,从而影响营养吸收。浓缩液体会增大成分之间不需要的相互作用的机会,从而降低稳定性,尤其是在加热和长期储存期间。增加干性物质的数量则增加粘度。这些现象通常符合非线性动力学,当配料的浓度大于28%时,这些问题愈益严重起来。
因此,现有许多商品的蛋白质含量低于7.5%。当期望将蛋白质含量提高至更高水平,用肽或游离氨基酸代替总蛋白质中的一部分。这就严重影响了味觉和因此病人群体对该产品的自愿吸收。
许多浓缩物如炼乳所包含的营养物不全,乳糖含量太高,口感发粘,粘度高,太甜,渗透值高,不受消费者欢迎,易产生饱感和厌腻。这样,才消费少量的产品便使消费更多的欲望消失殆尽。
恶病质病人身体通常极其虚弱,不能垂直而坐,也不能喝盒装食品,甚至不能用吸管吮吸盒装食品。
制造合适的浓缩的全营养食品很困难。适用的配料必须符合许多标准:它们必须很纯,未受污染或损坏。它们必须是食品级用料,不会引起过敏反应,尤其不会引起乳糖或谷胶过敏反应。使用量应当提供满足营养要求的所有营养物,如对特殊氨基酸、维生素、矿物质和脂肪酸的要求。必须避免使用氧化产品之类对病人有害的成分或产生异味的成分。
最新配料的溶解在储存期或加工时尤其是在加热时造成一个或一个以上的下述问题:沉淀、蛋白质凝结、非乳化性能、结皮、胶凝或高粘度。因而,在大多数的现有技术中的产品中,蛋白质完好率通常低于8%。
包含大量的可溶解性碳水化合物可降低矿物质、蛋白质和其它可溶解成分的溶解率,因此通常调整到低于19克/每100毫升。纤维,尤其是可溶解纤维进一步降低溶解率,并进一步提高粘度。
全液体制剂的能量密度通常低于1.4千卡/毫升(kcal/ml),这在大部分情况下是满足营养和功能条件的实用解决方案。如能量密度必须更高时(高于1.45kcal/mole),可以使用更多的类脂类。但是,增加类脂类数量产生均匀性及/或脓稠度问题。
EP 0 747 395提到治疗肾病患者的产品,该产品能量密度为1.6-2.25千卡/毫升,含有游离氨基酸和乳清蛋白质,其中必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比率为2-4∶1。通过使用游离氨基酸,氨基酸组合物在不提高粘度的情况下得到了改善。然而,味道对恶病质病人或难以食用适当量食品的其他人员来说不能接受。蛋白质含量大约为3-4克/每100毫升产品。
WO 99/42001(US 6,200,950)公开了一种营养产品,其能量密度为1.4-1.8千卡/毫升,每100毫升中碳水化合物(麦芽糊精)含量为19克,蛋白质含量为6克,脂肪含量为5.9克。蛋白质是水解乳清蛋白质,产生大量短肽和氨基酸。因此,该产品不能满足只能消化少量非常美味可口营养的病人要求。
为达到足够的密度,现有技术的其它浓缩液体营养产品包含作为蛋白质源的豆蛋白以及作为碳水化合物源的玉米糖浆。但是,豆蛋白不能提供优化氨基酸组合,味感不佳,而玉米糖浆因果糖含量高太甜。所以,这种产品只能偶尔用作能量支持,而不能作为全营养食品。
根据本发明,要解决的问题是提供适用于喂养消化不良人员(如恶病质病人)的营养组合物,该组合物具有下列特性:
-作为唯一食物源使用的平衡的组合物;
-浓度较低、容易入口的液体组合物;
-每毫升至少1.45千卡的高密度,使得不到一升便能满足一天食用需求;
-足够含量的必需氨基酸,尤其是赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸;
-可以接受的味道,存在最少的游离氨基酸和短肽;
-相对低的渗透性,以便迅速通过胃部;
-很低的乳糖含量,以避免过敏问题和脱色问题。
发明描述
现已发现可以产生薄的液体肠营养产品,该产品具有合意的器官感觉性能,很高的营养物质浓度,效率高,生产顺利。
本发明产品是一种液体组合物,每100毫升产品包含下述成分(单位:克):
成分        一般    优选    最优选    实施例
干性物质    30-39   31-39   33-38     36.7
完整蛋白    7.8-12  8.2-11  8.5-10    9.0
类脂类      4.5-8.0 4.8-7.0 5.0-6.0   5.3
碳水化合物  17-27   18-25   19-23     21
RDA 维生
素、矿物质、
痕量元素
产品优选为营养完全型,即所有维生素均包含在每天最多1500毫升组合物的推荐用量中。维生素(包括草酸、维生素B6和B12以及panthotemic acid)可包括为在以下述实施例中的数量的0.6-1.5倍的数量中。本发明也涉及一种干(粉)或浓缩产品,其与水重建后,产生上述薄的液体产品。
一方面,本发明提供了含有改善的蛋白组合物的一种平衡的液体浓缩食品。另一方面,本发明提供了含有改善的碳水化合物组合物的一种平衡的液体浓缩食品。
蛋白质成分
蛋白质成分每100毫升至少提供7.6克,优选7.8-12克,相当于0.31-0.48千卡/毫升(1.30-1.59kJ/ml)。必需氨基酸的数量满足营养要求:通常必需氨基酸(Val,Leu,Ile,Met,Phe,Trp,Thr,His,Lys)对非必需氨基酸(Gly,Ala,Pro,Tyr,Ser,Cys,Asn,Asp,Gln,Glu,Arg)的数量比为0.6-1.1范围,优选0.75-1.05,最优选0.85-1.0(w/w)。另外,蛋白质成分优选提供至少8.6重量%的赖氨酸残液、至少2.5重量%的蛋氨酸残液、至少0.5重量%的半胱氨酸残液,更优选提供至少10重量%的赖氨酸、至少2.7重量%的蛋氨酸及/或至少1.0重量%的半胱氨酸。
蛋白质成分优选含有组合物19-33%的能量,优选是20-27%能量。蛋白质含量大部分(通常至少75%,优选至少90%)只包含完整蛋白。优选游离氨基酸的数量少于总蛋白质含量的5重量%,尤其是低于2重量%,优选每100毫升产品少于0.4克,尤其是低于0.2克。优选,乳源蛋白质至少为90重量%。酪蛋白可以是蛋白的主要成分,例如约占蛋白质的60-90%。另一方面,10-40%、优选20-37重量%、甚至于25-37重量%、最优选25-35重量%是乳清蛋白。
优选,蛋白质主要部分通过脱脂肪(脱脂)奶的软化而获得。这个主要部分至少是蛋白质成分的70重量%、优选至少80重量%。已发现这种蛋白质成分在全食品精华中高度浓缩,没有过度粘度问题,而酪蛋白酸产品和乳清蛋白质制剂的结合产生高粘度。软化方法优选使至少97%、特别是至少99%的乳酸从奶中去除,留下基本完整的蛋白质;相对于钠、钾和其它电解质而言,蛋白质含有丰富的钙。通过扩大的超滤可以做到这一点。这种软化奶蛋白质有时称为奶蛋白质离析。
本发明组合物的蛋白质成分也可以用类似方法通过软化酪蛋白、然后任选地加入乳清蛋白(乳清蛋白离析)获得。其它蛋白质,如来自羽扇豆、玉米、稻子、大豆、豌豆或土豆的菜蛋白也可以存在,尽管优选这些菜蛋白不超过组合物的蛋白质含量的10%(w/w),尤其是不超过5%。
类脂成分
类脂成分每100毫升提供大约41千卡到最高大约72千卡(4.5-8.0克)。优选其占组合物能量含量的23-40%、优选28-35能量%。类脂成分优选含有30-60重量%动物或芦荟脂肪、40-70重量%菜脂肪和任选地0-20重量%中链甘油三酯(主要是C8和C10甘油三酯;MCT)。优选动物脂肪成分的奶脂肪低,即脂肪成分的奶脂肪含量低于6%尤其是低于3%。尤其可以使用玉米油、蛋油及/或芥花籽油(canola oil)以及特定质量的海洋油的混合物。蛋油、鱼油和芦荟油是优选的非菜脂肪源。为了避免异味的形成,减少鱼腥味,建议选择二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量低的配料,即类脂部分DHA的少于6、优选少于4重量%。含有DHA的海洋油在产品中的含量优选低于类脂成分的25%,更优选低于15%。另一方面,含有二十碳五烯酸(EPA)是高度期望的,以获得最佳健康效果。类脂部分EPA重量比例优选在4和15%之间,更优选8-13%,当用于375毫升食品组合物中时日用量为0.8-2.3克,最优选最好为1.2-1.9克。EPA和DHA的重量比率有利地为至少6∶4,例如在2∶l和10∶1之间。
碳水化合物成分
碳水化合物成分优选每100毫升产品达到17-27克:(2.84-4.51kJ/ml)。碳水化合物成分包含可消化以及优选非可消化碳水化合物。可消化碳水化合物成分提供大约17-24克每100毫升(0.68-1.0千卡/毫升;2.84-4.01kJ/ml),优选是17.5-23.5,特别是18-22克/100毫升。碳水化合物成分优选占组合物能量的38-66%,更优选40-60能量%,尤其是45-55能量%。
碳水化合物成分的组合物应避免高粘度、过度甜度、过度棕黄(美拉德反应)和过度渗透。通过调整碳水化合物的平均链长(聚合的平均程度DP)为1.5-6,优选为1.8-4实现可接受的粘度和渗透率。为了避免过度甜蜜,蔗糖和果糖的总含量低于碳水化合物成分尤其是可消化碳水化合物成分的52%,优选低于40%。长链可消化碳水化合物如淀粉、淀粉成分和中性淀粉水解产物(DP>=6,DE<20)可以存在,但优选数额低于碳水化合物成分的25重量%,尤其低于15重量%,且低于6g、优选低于4克每100毫升液体食品。
另外,优选全碳水化合物成分的还原力低于相当重量的葡萄糖的还原力的40%,尤其低于30%,最优选是25%或更低。低粘度和低还原力综合要求碳水化合物成分包括非还原可消化单、双和三糖的20-75重量%,优选是25-65重量%,尤其是单或双糖,最优选是双糖。这种非还原糖化物的合适例子是蔗糖(尽管其含量优选限于35%以下以避免过度甜蜜)和海藻糖。海藻糖、任选的与其他非还原糖(不含蔗糖)的优选数量优选是碳水化合物成分的12-50重量%,更可取的是18-45重量%,尤其是可消化碳水化合物成分的13-55,特别是20-50重量%。尤其是,可使用葡萄糖糖浆、海藻糖和蔗糖混合物。
除上述提供能量的碳水化合物外,碳水化合物成分优选还包括非可消化碳水化合物(食用纤维),其数量为每100毫升组合物的0.5-6克。纤维包括非可消化糖化物,其平均DP值为2-20,优选2-10。更优选这些低聚糖不包含DP范围以外的大量(少于5重量%)的糖化物,而且可以溶解。其可以包括例如果低聚糖(FOS)、转半乳低聚糖(TOS)、木低聚糖(XOS)、大豆低聚糖等。任选地,可以包括更高的摩尔量化合物如旋复花粉、纤维素、抵抗淀粉等。不可溶解的纤维如纤维素的数量优选为纤维组分的20重量%以下及/或每100毫升0.4克以下。增稠多聚糖如角叉菜胶、黄原胶、果胶、半乳甘露聚糖及其他高分子量(DP>50)难消化的多聚糖优选为低含量,即低于纤维组合物的20%或低于每100毫升1克。相反,可有利地包括水解多聚糖如水解果胶和半乳甘露聚糖。
优选的纤维组分是有2-10链长(DP)的难消化低聚糖,例如纤维溶胶(抵抗低聚葡萄糖),尤其是加氢纤维溶胶,或有2-10链长的低聚糖例如果糖低聚糖或半乳低聚糖的混合物,其也可以包含少量较高糖化物(如DP11-20)。这些低聚糖优选包括纤维成分50-90重量或每100毫升组合物的0.5-3克。其他合适的纤维组分包括只有部分可消化性或部分还原力的糖化物,例如酮糖终止的低聚糖,例如Litesse Ultra型的塔格糖、帕拉金糖(palatinose)、海藻糖、低右旋糖等等。
尤其优选下述碳水化合物组合物:
  碳水化合物组分   碳水化合物成分重量%  每100毫升食品组合物的重量(克)
  宽范围   优选  宽范围   优选
  麦芽糖糊精(DP2-6,DE20-60) 30-65 35-60 5-14 7-12
  蔗糖   5-35   12-30  1-8   2.5-7
  其他非还原性单/双/三糖,尤其是海藻糖   15-45   20-40  3-9   4-8
  乳糖   0-1   0-0.5  0-0.2   0-0.1
  还原单糖(如葡萄糖、果糖)   0-10   0-5  0-2.5   0-1.5
  纤维   0-20   0-12  0-6   0-4
碳水化合物成分可描述为糖粒径的函数,其包含单糖(如蔗糖)0-15重量%(优选2-10重量%),双糖(如麦芽糖、蔗糖、海藻糖)的50-100重量%(优选60-90重量%),三糖(如麦芽三糖、蔗果三糖、棉子糖)的0-40重量%(优选10-25重量%),DP4-6低聚糖的0-30重量%(优选5-20重量%)以及高级糖化物的0-25重量%(优选0-15重量%)。
其他组分
二价离子的量为每100毫升170-230毫克,优选180-220毫克。钙量优选为每100毫升155-185毫克,优选是160-180毫克。磷含量可超过10毫克每克蛋白质,钙对磷重量比率为1.0-2.0,优选1.1-1.7。肉碱可以每100毫升8-1000毫克的量有利地存在,优选每100毫升产品10-100毫克;其可能采取肉碱、烷基肉碱、酰基肉碱或其他肉碱衍生物的形式。有机酸存在的量优选为每100毫升0.1-0.6克,尤其是每100毫升0.25-0.5克。
这些酸包括短脂肪酸如醋酸、羟基酸如乳酸和葡糖酸,优选多价羟基酸如马来酸和柠檬酸。
液体组合物粘度要低,即在20℃和100s-1剪切速率下低于50mPa.s,优选为20-40mPa.s。组合物的克分子渗压浓度(osmolarity)优选为360-480mOsm,优选为390-430mOsm。组合物的密度为1.05-1.18g/ml,尤其是1.08-1.15g/ml。液体组合物的能量密度优选至少1.45kcal/ml,最高可达大约2.25kcal/ml(6.06-9.4kJ/ml),更优选至少是1.52,可高达低于2.0kcal/ml(6.35-8.35kJ/ml)。
本发明产品是一种薄的液体,优选以小个体剂量单位包装。优选的包装单位是5-250ml,尤其是80-200ml,特别是100-150ml,或5-30ml。液体食品的这些包装尺度包含至少1.45kcal每毫升,优选包含至少7.6克蛋白质每100毫升,已发现在向有食品消化问题病人提供足够食品时,这些尺寸很有效,是本发明的具体体现。液体应每100至少包含7.6克或更多蛋白质,优选包括一种或多种上述组分,如特定碳水化合物、特定脂肪、维生素等等。可包装在例如带有吸管的块状盒子里,或带有可移动盖的盒子或塑料大口杯,或容积为80-200ml的小瓶和10-30ml的小杯子。另一种合适的包装形式是在食用固体或半固体壳或胶囊如巧克力裹覆(夹心糖)、明胶状覆盖内包含小量液体(如10-20ml)。
产品制备
本产品可例如首先制备一个液体蛋白质成分。这样,干态的奶超滤保留物可以溶解成水溶液,得到低粘度液体。然后,碳水化合物(如麦芽糖糊精、蔗糖、海藻糖和任选的难消化低聚糖)、水溶维生素及其他组分分一或两个阶段加入、混合、调整到所需的粘度,然后加入包括脂溶维生素的脂肪部分,搅匀、热处理、包装。
有效性
本发明组合物适用于消化一定量食品有困难的病人,如恶病质病人。使用这些组合物可以较高地摄入食品,减少瘦体质损失,改善健康,减少患病期间的并发症。和传统产品相比,本发明产品的顺应性(compliance),即供应能量同消耗能量的比率得到了改善。
实施例
用于恶病质病人的产品组合物:
组分                数量/100毫升产品
能量                160
蛋白质(克)          9,0
酪蛋白(克)          6,1
乳清蛋白(克)        2,9
脂肪(克)            5,3
EPA(g)              0,67
n-6/n-3比率(w/w)    1,14
碳水化合物(克)      22,1
麦芽糖糊精DE39      4,6
麦芽糖糊精DE47      4,6
蔗糖                4,4
海藻糖              4,5
可溶解纤维          1,7
不可溶解纤维        0,3
Na(mg)              110
K(mg)               215
Ca(mg)              170
Mg(mg)              28,2
Cl(mg)              140
P(mg)               120
Fe(mg)              1,9
Zn(mg)                 2,05
Cu(ug)                 288
Mn(ug)                 680
F(ug)                  160
Mo(ug)                 16
Se(ug)                 13,5
Cr(ug)                 11
I(ug)                  21
肉碱(mg)               11
胆碱(mg)               59
牛黄碱(mg)             13
烟酸(mg NE)            2,9
维生素C(mg)            30
维生素E(mg TE)         3,0
类胡萝卜素(ug)         320
维生素A(ug RE)         130
维生素D(ug)            1,1
维生素K(ug)            8,5
维生素B1(ug)           240
维生素B2(ug)           250
维生素B6(ug)           680
维生素B12(ug)          0,95
草酸(ug)               66
生物酸(ug)             6,4
Panthotenic acid(ug)   850
类胡萝卜素(ug)         320

Claims (16)

1.一种适用于喂养恶病质病人的液体全营养组合物,其能量密度为至少1.45千卡/毫升(至少6.06kJ/ml),该组合物包括:
-17-27克每100毫升(0.68-1.08千卡/毫升)的碳水化合物成分;
-7.8-12克每100毫升(0.31-0.48千卡/毫升)的蛋白质成分;和
-类脂成分;
其特征在于通过软化奶获得蛋白质成分的至少70重量%,而蛋白质成分包含25-37重量%的乳清蛋白。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液体组合物,其中所述软化通过超滤获得。
3.一种适用于喂养恶病质病人的液体全营养组合物,其能量密度至少为1.45千卡/毫升(至少为6.06kJ/ml),该组合物包括:
-17-27克每100毫升(0.68-1.0千卡/毫升)的碳水化合物成分;
-蛋白质成分;和
-类脂成分;
其特征在于:
-碳水化合物成分包括
=0-35重量%蔗糖;
=15-45重量%其他非还原单糖、双糖及/或三糖;
=5-50重量%其他单糖和双糖;
=5-40重量%其他三糖及更高糖化物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中非还原二糖包含海藻糖。
5.一种适用于喂养恶病质病人的液体全营养组合物,其能量密度至少为1.45千卡/毫升(至少为6.06kJ/ml),该组合物包括:
-17-27克每100毫升(0.68-1.08千卡/毫升)的碳水化合物成分;
-7.8-12克每100毫升(0.31-0.48千卡/毫升)的蛋白质成分;和
-类脂成分;
其特征在于通过软化奶获得蛋白质成分的至少70重量%,而蛋白质成分包含低于5重量%的游离氨基酸。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的液体组合物,其中可消化碳水化合物的量为18-23.5克每100毫升,优选18-22克每100毫升。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的液体组合物,其包含0.5-6克纤维每100毫升。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的液体组合物,其中蛋白质成分的量为至少8.5克每100毫升,优选8.7克每100毫升。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一所述的液体组合物,其中蛋白质成分包括至少8.6重量%的赖氨酸残液、至少2.5重量%的蛋氨酸残液和至少0.5重量%的半胱氨酸残液。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一所述的组合物,其中蛋白质成分主要包括完整蛋白质,包含60-90重量%酪蛋白,优选65-78重量%酪蛋白。
11.根据权利要求1-10任一所述的组合物,其中类脂成分的量为5.0-7.0克每100毫升(0.45-0.63千卡/毫升)。
12.根据权利要求1-11任一所述的组合物,在100s-1剪切速率和20℃温度下,液体粘度低于50mPa.s。
13.一种粉末,其与水重建后提供根据权利要求1-12任一所述的组合物。
14.一种包装的食品,其每单位包装包含5-250毫升根据权利要求1-13任一所述的组合物。
15.一种包装的食品,其每单位包装包含5-150毫升液体产品,该液体产品的能量密度为至少1.45千卡/毫升,包含至少7.6克蛋白质每100毫升,且含有碳水化合物、脂肪和任选的维生素。
16.一种制备根据权利要求1-13任一所述的液体产品的方法,包括制备液体蛋白质成分,然后与碳水化合物成分和脂肪成分混合,其特征在于在水溶液中溶解干性软化奶产品,任选的同其他水溶成分的一部分一起,调整得到的悬浮物至其粘度低于50mPas(以100s-1的速度),然后将一定量的这种悬浮物同水或包括脂肪成分的剩余配料混合以获得最终的组合物。
CN2005800145207A 2004-04-09 2005-04-08 液体浓缩制剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1949987B (zh)

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CN111885919A (zh) * 2018-03-05 2020-11-03 农业技术私人有限公司 无乳糖奶制品
CN111885919B (zh) * 2018-03-05 2023-10-13 农业技术私人有限公司 无乳糖奶制品
CN108618127A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2018-10-09 朱娜玲 一种全营养要素口服液及其制备方法

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