CN1945930A - 风力涡轮发电机的可拆卸轴承装置 - Google Patents

风力涡轮发电机的可拆卸轴承装置 Download PDF

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CN1945930A
CN1945930A CNA2006101101537A CN200610110153A CN1945930A CN 1945930 A CN1945930 A CN 1945930A CN A2006101101537 A CNA2006101101537 A CN A2006101101537A CN 200610110153 A CN200610110153 A CN 200610110153A CN 1945930 A CN1945930 A CN 1945930A
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wind
component
bearing
driven generator
stator
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CN1945930B (zh
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B·S·巴格帕利
P·L·詹森
A·D·加德雷
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/042—Housings for rolling element bearings for rotary movement
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    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
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    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/062—Dismounting of ball or roller bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/06—Embedding prefabricated windings in machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/31—Locking rotor in position
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    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
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    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2237/00—Repair or replacement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/086—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
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Abstract

一种具有可拆卸替换的轴承(304)的风力发电机(120)包括：转子(106)和定子(308)；构造为锁定所述转子和定子的锁定螺栓(310)；有安装的至少一个热套式轴承的可拆卸轴承子组件(306)；和可拆卸安装螺栓(314)，其构造为接合所述轴承子组件并且当所述可拆卸安装螺栓被卸除时允许所述可拆卸轴承子组件被卸除。

Description

风力涡轮发电机的可拆卸轴承装置
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及发电机，更具体而言涉及具有可更换轴承的风力涡轮发电机。
背景技术
近来，作为环保和相对便宜的替代能源，风力涡轮机已经引起了更大的关注。由于此增长的兴趣，已经做出了相当大的努力来开发可靠和高效的风力涡轮机。
一般而言，风力涡轮机包括具有多个叶片的转子。转子安装到位于钢梁或管状塔顶上的壳体或者机舱。实用级风力涡轮机(即设计来向实用电网提供电能的风力涡轮机)可以具有大的转子(例如直径30m或更大)。这些转子上的叶片将风能转换为驱动一个或多个发电机的转矩或力，这些发电机通过变速箱可旋转地连结到转子。变速箱为发电机逐步增大本来低的涡轮机转子转速，以有效地将机械能转换为馈送到实用电网中的电能。
包括直接驱动发电机的风力涡轮机消除了变速箱，以及与变速箱相关联的可靠性问题。但是，在至少一些已知齿轮式风力涡轮机中，发电机和主轴承两者都可能过早失效。因为直接驱动发电机轴承也用作风力涡轮机的主轴承，需要容易更换这些轴承的器具。为了便于更换这样的轴承，至少一种已知直接驱动风力涡轮机采用了具有螺栓紧固凸缘的单个大直径轴承。但是，大直径和螺栓紧固凸缘的组合导致轴承与其他已知轴承装置相比很贵。
为了便于在优化涡轮机实用性的同时减小成本，应当在需要最少基础设施和技能的情况下在风力涡轮机现场快速地进行轴承更换。但是，在直接驱动风力涡轮机中使用的已知热套式(shrunk-on)轴承需要在工厂的替换。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个方面提供了一种具有可拆卸替换的轴承的风力发电机。该发电机包括：转子和定子；构造为锁定所述转子和定子的锁定螺栓；安装有至少一个热套式轴承的可拆卸轴承子组件；和可拆卸安装螺栓，其构造为接合所述轴承子组件并且当所述可拆卸安装螺栓被卸除时允许所述可拆卸轴承子组件被卸除。
本发明的另一个方面提供了一种在直接驱动风力发电机中更换轴承的方法。该方法包括锁定发电机的转子和定子，并且在发电机在其所安装的塔上处于适当位置中的同时，从发电机拆卸轴承子组件。该方法还包括更换或者维修该轴承子组件或者进行两者，并且在发电机仍然在塔上处于适当位置中时，将更换或者维修好的轴承子组件组装到发电机中。
因此将观察到本发明的构造提供了一种风力涡轮机，其具有在无需拆卸整个风力涡轮发电机、毂、叶片的情况下容易卸除的轴承。此外，本发明的一些构造也将被观察到提供了诸如轻重量构造的其他优点。
附图说明
图1是风力涡轮机的示例构造的视图。
图2是如图1所示并包括已知齿轮式传动系的示例风力涡轮机构造的机舱的剖视透视图。
图3是包括安装的可拆卸替换轴承的示例性直接驱动发电机构造的构造侧剖视图。
图4是图3中所示构造在其轴承组件被抽出情况下的侧剖视图。
图5是包括安装的可拆卸替换轴承的直接驱动发电机构造的可选
实施例的侧剖视图。
图6是图5中所示构造在其轴承组件被抽出情况下的侧剖视图。
图7是图6中所示构造的侧剖视示意图，示出了可拆卸门或舱盖的适当位置的示例。
图8是包括可拆卸替换轴承的直接驱动发电机构造的示例性构造的侧剖视图，其中定子子组件或转子子组件或者两者包括碳纤维和/或复合材料。
图9是使用碳纤维和/或复合材料的双轴承风力发电机的示例性构造的侧剖视图。
图10是使用碳纤维和/或复合材料的单轴承发电机的示例性构造的侧剖视图。
具体实施方式
在某些构造中并参照图1，风力涡轮机100包括容纳发电机(图中未示出)的机舱102。机舱102安装在高塔104顶部，图1中仅示出了高塔104的一部分。风力涡轮机100还包括转子106，转子106包括附装到旋转毂110的一个或多个转子叶片108。虽然图1所示的风力涡轮机100包括三个转子叶片108，但是对本发明所要求的转子叶片108数量没有特别限制。
在某些构造中并且参照图2，各种部件容纳在风力涡轮机100的塔104顶上的机舱102内。塔104的高度基于本领域已知的因素和条件而选择。在某些构造中，控制面板112内的一个或多个微控制器包括用于整个系统的监测和控制的控制系统。在某些构造中使用可选的分布式或者集中式控制构架。
在某些构造中，可变叶片节距驱动器114设置为控制由于风而驱动毂110的叶片108(图2中未示出)的节距。在某些构造中，叶片108的节距由叶片节距驱动器114个别控制。毂110和叶片108一起构成风力涡轮机转子106。
风力涡轮机的传动系包括主转子轴116(也称为“低速轴”)，其经由主轴承130连接到毂110并且(在某些构造中)在轴116的另一端上连接到变速箱118。变速箱118驱动发电机120的高速轴。在其他构造中，主转子轴116直接连结到发电机120。高速轴(图2中未标明)被用来驱动安装在主框架132上的发电机120。在某些构造中，转子转矩经由连结件122传递。在本发明的构造中，发电机120是直接驱动永磁体发电机。
偏航驱动器124和偏航台面126提供了风力涡轮机100的偏航定向系统。气象杆128提供用于涡轮控制系统300的信息，这些信息可以包括风向和/或风速。在某些构造中，偏航系统安装在塔104顶上设置的凸缘上。
在本发明的某些构造中并且参照图3，发电机120(图3和后续附图仅示出了一部分)是具有永磁体302的直接驱动发电机。发电机120设置有安装在可拆卸轴承子组件306上的可拆卸(替换)轴承304。(尽管图3示出了确切使用两个轴承的构造，但这些构造可以使用至少一个到任意数量的轴承304。)为了更换或者更新轴承304，发电机120的转子106和定子308使用锁定螺栓310锁定以确保定子308和转子106在发电机120被安装的塔上保持在适当位置中。毂312和叶片108然后在锁定的发电机120上被拆卸。轴承子组件306然后通过例如沿着两个凸缘314卸除安装螺栓314来拆卸，参照图4。或者，整个发电机120可以被降低到地面，安装锁定螺栓310，并且更换轴承子组件306。
在本发明的又一个构造中并参照图5，双轴承发电机520设置有可拆卸轴承304。发电机520构造可以大体上被发电机120构造替代，但另外不同于发电机120构造在于发电机520构造不需要拆卸毂312。(尽管图5示出了确切使用两个轴承的构造，但发电机520的构造可以使用至少一个至任意数量的轴承304。)热套式轴承304被安装在可拆卸轴承子组件506上。为了更换或更新轴承304，转子106和定子508使用例如锁定螺栓310锁定以确保定子508和转子106在发电机520被安装的塔上保持在适当位置中。轴承子组件506然后通过沿着两个凸缘314卸除安装螺栓314来拆卸。轴承子组件506可以在如图6所示的塔仓或机舱102内被卸除，然后如图7所示经由例如设置在发电机壳体512的顶部或后部的出口舱盖或门710降低到地面。在某些构造中，为了确保毂312和叶片108被稳定保持，在分离轴承子组件506之前或同时或紧接其后插入数个螺旋扣锁定器514。螺旋扣锁定器514可以在使用图5所示的访问端口516分离轴承子组件506之前插入。使用螺旋扣锁定器514确保了在卸除轴承304的情况下从毂312和叶片108到发电机壳体512和塔104中的直接载荷路径。或者，整个发电机520可以降低到地面，安装锁定螺栓310，并且更换轴承子组件506。
在本发明的某些构造中并且参照图8所示的示例构造，定子子组件800或者转子子组件802或者两者可以包括碳纤维和/或其他适当复合材料。使用这样的一种或多种材料导致低重量的风力发电机模块单元。使用碳纤维和/或复合材料双轴承风力发电机的另一个示例在图9中示出，并且使用这样材料的单轴承发电机的示例在图10中示出。
此外，在本发明的某些构造中并且再次参照图3，可以设置将毂和叶片动态和噪音从发电机和塔隔绝开的阻尼插入件316。
以上详细说明了维护/组装方法和设备的示例性实施例。这些方法和设备不限于此处描述的特定实施例也不限于被更换或组装的特定部件，而是此处描述的维护/组装方法可以与此处描述的其他方法独立和分开地使用或者用来更换此处未描述的其他部件。例如，也可以使用此处描述的方法来更换其他涡轮机部件。
虽然已经就各个具体实施例描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员将认识到本发明可以利用在权利要求的精神和范围内的改进来实施。
部件列表：
100风力涡轮机
102机舱
104塔
106风力涡轮机转子
108转子叶片
110毂
112控制面板
114叶片节距驱动器
116主转子轴
118变速箱
120发电机
122连结件
124偏航驱动器
126偏航台面
128气象杆
130主轴承
132主框架
300涡轮机控制系统
302永磁体
304轴承
306轴承子组件
308定子
310锁定螺栓
312毂
314安装螺栓
316阻尼插入件
506轴承子组件
508定子
512发电机壳体
514螺旋扣锁定器
516访问端口
520发电机
710出口舱盖或门
800定子子组件
802转子子组件

Claims (10)

1.一种具有可拆卸替换的轴承(304)的直接驱动风力发电机(120)，其包括：
转子(106)和定子(308)；
构造为锁定所述转子和定子的锁定机构(310)；
具有安装其中的至少一个热套式轴承的可拆卸轴承子组件(306)；和
可拆卸安装螺栓(314)，其构造为接合所述轴承子组件并且当所述可拆卸安装螺栓被卸除时允许所述可拆卸轴承子组件被卸除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述定子(308)具有接合到所述可拆卸螺栓(314)的凸缘(314)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机(120)，具有至少两个所述可拆卸轴承(304)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述风力发电机还包括毂(110)，并且所述可拆卸轴承子组件(306)还包括在所述子组件一端处的凸缘(314)，所述凸缘构造为接合所述定子(308)，并且还包括在所述子组件的另一端处与所述轴承子组件接合的毂(312)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述毂(312)构造为在与所述轴承子组件(306)的分离相同的方向上在所述轴承子组件(306)分离之前或同时地卸除。
6.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述可拆卸轴承子组件(306)构造为在与所述毂(312)相反的方向上分离所述定子(308)，并且所述毂构造为在所述轴承子组件卸除期间保持在适当位置中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的风力发电机(120)，还包括具有门或舱盖(710)的发电机壳体(512)，所述定子(308)可以通过所述门或舱盖被卸除。
8.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述定子(308)包括碳纤维材料或者复合材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述转子(106)包括碳纤维材料或者复合材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的风力发电机(120)，其中所述定子(308)也包括碳纤维材料或者复合材料。
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US7360310B2 (en) 2008-04-22
CN1945930B (zh) 2012-03-21
EP1772624A3 (en) 2012-10-24
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US20070075548A1 (en) 2007-04-05
ES2471950T3 (es) 2014-06-27

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