CN1926261A - 切割工具涂层及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述的是可通过一次性PVD涂层工序制造的一种特殊的切割工具涂层，应用该涂层方法，可以简化双色切割工具的生产过程。其主要内容为：在着有两种不同颜色的金属硬质材料层之间加设分离层11。而这种分离层，可以在同一个PVD涂层工序中实现。使用这种分离层之后，可以在非常短的磨损时间内通过喷砂、刷光或类似方法磨损切割工具的顶层。
Description
本发明涉及一种尤为适用于切割工具的涂层，涂有这种涂层的切割工具，以及这种涂层的制造方法。
切割工具经常涂有涂层以增加切割效率，延长切割工具的使用寿命，或求得切割工具的其他期望特性。例如，DE 100 48 899 A1公开了作为刀片的切割工具，它具有由Al2O3层构成的减小磨损涂层。减小磨损涂层覆盖切割工具前刀面及后刀面。在后刀面上则选用作为顶层的指示涂层，其颜色与磨损防护层的颜色有明显区别。这样，后刀面装饰层的磨损就成为邻接刀刃使用情况的可靠指示。这些涂层以全表面方式通过CVD工序进行生产，而装饰层从前刀面研磨而出，可通过刷光或类似工序实现。在以机械方式从前刀面除去装饰层时，需多加小心以实现优良的选择性。在此过程，不可对磨损防护层造成任何损伤。
通常，以PVD工序制造的刀片具有硬质材料金属层，例如TiAlN层。例如，在DE 199 24 422 C2中就已明确规定这种刀片。应用于磨损防护层的TiB2层或类似的顶层，具有类似磨损防护层一样的金属晶体结构。这种顶层和磨损防护层之间的粘合十分坚固。因此，如果将顶层用作装饰层，则必须考虑其磨擦特性。同样的，这样的顶层不适宜用作磨损指示器。
由于这些涂层彼此间的牢固粘合，顶层具有的特性必须与磨损相协调，与磨擦特性或在形成金属切屑的过程中有影响的其它特性相协调。
因此，本发明的目的是提供适于PVD工序制造的涂层，并且，其顶层应当可以作为磨损指示器使用。
本发明指向的涂层包含作为磨损防护层的金属硬质材料层，其外部被顶层覆盖。顶层与磨损防护层之间存在减小的粘合，或者借助分离层，与磨损防护层之间只具有有限粘合。顶层仅覆盖金属硬质材料层的部分表面，就是说，金属硬质材料层的部分表面是暴露的。分离层位于顶层和金属硬质材料层之间，可以破坏或削弱顶层和磨损防护层之间的金属晶键。因此，分离层干扰或减小粘合，并且破坏或至少减弱其它各层之间的金属晶体结构。
分离层将金属硬质材料层(用作磨损防护层)顶层上的粘合减小到一个很小的值。这种减弱粘合度的好处在于：当切割工具正常使用于切割时，顶层或叠置层就开始发生磨损。根据不同的使用情况，磨损可发生在整个表面或局部位置。在此情形，顶层将相对容易发生磨损。这就使设计者得以纯粹从美学角度将顶层设计成装饰层，而无需考虑磨擦特性和磨损特性：只要切割工具一经使用，顶层就受到磨损。以这种方式，顶层将很好的发挥磨损指示层的功能。为充分发挥这一功能，宜将用作磨损防护层的金属硬质材料层和顶层用明显不同的颜色区别开来。
综上所述，切割工具的涂层包含具有金属晶体结构的磨损防护涂层，与磨损防护层之间具有有限粘合的顶层，以及(或者)至少应用于部分磨损防护层，且位于磨损防护层和顶层之间，用以限制顶层和磨损防护层之间粘合的分离层。作为一种具有金属晶体结构的涂层，涂层由金属键构成，就像通常在TiAlN层、AlCrN层、TiC层或其它类似涂层中可以见到的一样。
磨损防护层适宜于PVD工序制造；分离层和顶层也可以通过PVD工序生产，这使得通过单一PVD涂层程序来制造涂层成为可能。而分离层和顶层只在机械后加工步骤中受到磨损。后加工操作可通过刷光、喷砂或类似来执行。借助分离层，磨损期可减到只有几秒。例如，通过在压强仅一巴和喷砂期仅两秒下的氧化铝(高级金刚砂)喷砂，可以得到例如0.2μm的TiN顶层的完全磨损，这样即使将上表面放大十倍，用肉眼也无法辨认出顶层的残余。在这样的短期加压过程中，磨损防护层(金属硬质材料层)几乎不会受到影响。
此外，顶层的粘合足以确保安全操作切割工具时，不会对顶层造成损伤。同时，通过工具顶层的部分磨损，仍然可以辨认切割工具是否为首次使用。在这种情况下，顶层可成为切割工具首次使用时的初始使用指示器。
诸如氮化钛层及氧化物(异极)层，如TiO2层，均可用作顶层材料。同样地，第四或第五族金属的其它氧化物、碳化物或氮化物也可作为顶层材料。顶层应当采用金属晶体结构。与此相反，分离层不宜具有金属晶体结构。这可通过将某一族金属，特别是第四或第五族金属的氧化物层制造分离层来实现。例如，采用约0.1μm的TiO2层或其它非常柔软且具有低磨擦特性的CN层的薄层会产生良好的结果。此外，采用MoS2层或特殊非化学计量层也可以获得良好的结果。非常应力层可以限制顶层和磨损防护层之间的粘合。此外，应力TiN层或DLC(仿钻结晶碳)层也有很好的适用空间。总之，在选择分离层的材料时，应当尽可能通过一个PVD工序实现所有涂层的制造，尽可能避免额外支出。在某种程度上，分离层成为一个突破口，对覆盖在分离层上面的各个涂层来说，分离层成为“选择时的核心考量”。
简单的情况下，磨损防护层(金属硬质材料层)可以只具有单层结构。若有需要，也可采用多层结构。
上述涂层应当通过PVD工序制造，避免过高费用，最后通过机械方式便捷地除去淀积顶层。以这种方式，多色切割工具的制造既简单，又合理可行。本发明中使用的切割工具概念，既包括成套的切割工具，如全硬质金属钻头、铣刀或类似产品，也包括单一部件，如刀片、可转动刀片、切割钻头或其它类似产品。
本发明的附加特征的进一步有利细节包含在附图，说明书或权利要求中。附图图示了本发明的实施实例。
图1是本发明的切割工具的示意透视图，
图2是图1的切割工具的断裂横切面，
图3是切割工具在连续PVD涂层工序后的非成比例的剖面示意图，
图4是图3的切割工具的剖面示意图，沿顶层和下面的分离层的部分磨擦的方向，
图5是说明关于在各层中主导应力的示范性应力曲线的图表。
图1描述了作为切割工具的刀片1或至少描述了切割工具的关键部件。刀片1具有构成前刀面2的顶面，及构成后刀面3、4的侧面。这种标示用于刀片1的径向安装。在切向安装或横向安装的情况下，侧面用作前刀面，而顶面用作后刀面。在前刀面2和后刀面3、4之间形成刀刃5、6。
刀片1是硬质金属刀片。图2显示刀片放大的断裂横截面。如图可见，刀片1具有基体7，其上表面形成设置在刀片1上的涂层8的基底。涂层8通过PVD工序敷加。作为直接邻接基底内层的磨损防护层9由MH金属硬质材料层构成，例如具有金属特性的TiAlN(钛铝氮化物)层等。磨损防护层9牢固地粘合于基体7上，基体7可由含钴碳化钨的硬质金属构成。TiAlN层的厚度可根据实际需要设定。本实施个例中的厚度约为4μm。钛和铝的比率是33∶67。
分离层11覆盖在磨损防护层9上面，其作用是中断叠置顶层12的金属粘合键。顶层12最好同样以金属晶体层构成，例如：厚度0.2μm的TiN层。在此情况下，顶层12纯粹是金黄色的装饰层。这种颜色明显区别于磨损防护层9的颜色。
例如，分离层11可采用二氧化钛(TiO2)层，可选择相对较薄的涂层：例如厚度0.1μm即可满足需要。这种氧化物层不具有金属特性，因而限制了顶层12和磨损防护层9的粘合。通过连续沉积磨损防护层9、分离层11和顶层12，上述涂层8可在同一个PVD涂层装置的反应器内通过连续工序制造。
如上所述，分离层11和顶层12可以是化学上和(或)结构上不同的涂层。但是，将分离层11和顶层12组合成分离顶层也是可行的，其特性体现在与磨损防护层9的有限粘合上。在此情况下，分离层11同时构成顶层。
制造过程如下：
将基体7引入适宜的PVD涂层装置，在这里，磨损防护层9首先沉积在基体7上，然后是分离层11，其后是顶层12。以这种方式获得的涂层8首先敷加在基体7的全部暴露表面，即前刀面2和后刀面3、4上。满足这一条件后，可将刀片1从PVD反应器中取出。
客户需要的往往是双色刀片，其前刀面2的颜色不同于后刀面3、4的颜色。为了制造这样的刀片，应将顶层12从着不同颜色的其它表面上除去，在本例中，从前刀面2上除去。这可由喷砂喷射口14执行，如图3所示。作为喷砂粒子，可使用氧化铝(320粒度的高级金刚砂)。例如，在持续2秒的短期应用中，可将顶层12及分离层11从前刀面2除去，不剩有肉眼可见的残余，如图4所示。同时，前面提到的厚度0.1μm的TiO2层所具有的粘合和强度足以使顶层12在不受喷射口14直接影响的位置获得保留，不被去除。
在其他实施方案中，刀片1可具有不同的磨损防护层9和不同的顶层12。但是，在每个实例中，磨损防护层9都应当是可由PVD工序生产的金属硬质材料层。无金属结构的硬质材料层，例如Al2O3，不属于磨损防护层9的金属硬质材料层。作为顶层，既可以是前面提到的TiN层，也可以是其它金属顶层，例如TiC层、CrN层、HfN层或其它类似涂层。作为分离层11，应当尽量采用非金属层，以限制顶层12和磨损防护层9之间的粘合。除了在之前实施个例中采用的TiO2层以外，也可采用其他同样可在PVD工序中沉积，且不具有金属键的氧化物层。特别是第四或第五族金属的氧化物层。共价键层，例如MCN层，同样具有良好的适用性。在这里，M代表各种适宜的金属，尤其是第四或第五族的金属。同样，其它共价键层，例如MoS2层(硫化钼)或碳层(DLC)，也具有良好的效果。诚然，具有金属键的分离层，例如TiN层，也在可考虑的范围之中。此时，为实现TiN层的有限粘合，应当使TiN层处于非常强度的应力作用下。例如，在充分背离化学计量关系的运用中，可以实现应力的施加。作为示范，图5说明了磨损防护层9、分离层11和顶层12之间的应力作用过程，在这里，通过分离层11和磨损防护层9、顶层12之间反向应力的施加，实现了有限粘合。涂层中的主要应力如曲线15所示。在此例中，磨损防护层9、分离层11和顶层12中的应力关系如下：
磨损防护层9：最大压应力2GPa(Giga Pascal＝109 Pascal)，对应-2GPa(Giga Pascal＝109 Pascal)，
分离层11：张应力约0.8GPa(Giga Pascal＝109 Pascal)，对应0.8GPa(Giga Pascal＝109 Pascal)，
顶层12：压应力约1GPa(Giga Pascal＝109 Pascal)，对应-1GPa(Giga Pascal＝109 Pascal)。
综上所述，本发明描述的是可通过一次性PVD涂层工序制造的一种特殊的切割工具涂层，应用该涂层方法，可以简化双色切割工具的生产过程。其主要内容为：在着有两种不同颜色的金属硬质材料层之间加设分离层11。而这种分离层，可以在同一个PVD涂层工序中实现。使用这种分离层之后，可以在非常短的磨损时间内通过喷砂、刷光或类似方法磨损切割工具的顶层。
Claims (23)
1.一种特别适用于切割工具的涂层(8)，包含：
作为磨损防护层(9)的金属硬质材料层(MH)，以及
至少覆盖于部分磨损防护层(9)上的分离层(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，在分离层(11)上存在顶层(12)，一般作为装饰层。
3.根据权利要求2所述之涂层，其特征在于，顶层(12)的颜色明显6区别于磨损防护层(9)的颜色。
4.根据权利要求2所述之涂层，其特征在于，顶层(12)是ZrC、CrC、ZrN、CrN、TiN、TiC、HfC或HfN层。
5.根据权利要求2所述之涂层，其特征在于，顶层(12)具有金属晶体结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层(11)具有非金属晶体结构。
7.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，构成分离层(11)的氧化物层至少应当包含一种属于化学元素周期表某一族的金属。
8.根据权利要求7所述之涂层，其特征在于，金属(M)是第四族元素，首选钛或锆。
9.根据权利要求7所述之涂层，其特征在于，金属(M)是第五族元素。
10.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层(11)包含带有优势共价键的化合物或由此类化合物构成。
11.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层(11)的构成不符合化学计量关系。
12.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层(11)是强应力层。
13.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层(11)具有内应力，其内应力与磨损防护层和顶层(12)的内应力有本质区别。
14.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层是DLC层。
15.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，分离层是MoS2层。
16.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，磨损防护层(9)是TiAlN层或CrAlN层。
17.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，磨损防护层(9)具有单层结构。
18.根据权利要求1所述之涂层，其特征在于，磨损防护层(9)具有多层结构。
19.一种切割工具，包含：
由硬质材料制成的基体(7)，及
应用于基体(7)的涂层(8)，涂层的结构在前述权利要求中已有描述。
20.根据权利要求19所述之切割工具，其特征在于，磨损防护层(9)至少存在于后刀面(3)和前刀面(4)上，而顶层(12)不覆盖或仅部分覆盖后刀面(3)和(或)前刀面(2)。
21.一种制造切割工具的方法，首先根据权利要求1至18的某项内容，在PVD涂层工序中，依照顺序将涂层敷加于基体(7)，随后通过机械磨损工序将顶层(12)从所选定的上表面部分去除。
22.根据权利要求21所述之方法，其特征在于，通过喷砂工序将顶层(12)去除。
23.根据权利要求21所述之方法，其特征在于，涂层(8)包含的所有涂层通过一次性PVD工序实现。
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| SE523826C2 (sv) * | 2002-03-20 | 2004-05-25 | Seco Tools Ab | Skär belagt med TiAIN för bearbetning med hög hastighet av legerade stål, sätt att framställa ett skär och användning av skäret |
| SE525581C2 (sv) * | 2002-05-08 | 2005-03-15 | Seco Tools Ab | Skär belagt med aluminiumoxid framställt med CVD |
| SE526603C3 (sv) * | 2003-01-24 | 2005-11-16 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Belagt hårdmetallskär |
-
2004
- 2004-03-03 DE DE102004010285A patent/DE102004010285A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-02-17 ES ES05715359.5T patent/ES2545767T3/es active Active
- 2005-02-17 WO PCT/EP2005/001584 patent/WO2005085499A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-02-17 EP EP05715359.5A patent/EP1721027B1/de active Active
- 2005-02-17 KR KR1020067017785A patent/KR101190528B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-17 US US10/589,855 patent/US7758975B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-17 BR BRPI0507772-9A patent/BRPI0507772A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-17 JP JP2007501147A patent/JP4914825B2/ja active Active
- 2005-02-17 CN CN2005800068747A patent/CN1926261B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101698363B (zh) * | 2009-10-30 | 2013-07-10 | 华南理工大学 | TiN/(TiN+CrN)/CrAlN纳米复合涂层及其制备方法 |
| CN103476527A (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2013-12-25 | 京瓷株式会社 | 切削工具 |
| CN103476527B (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2016-02-10 | 京瓷株式会社 | 切削工具 |
| CN104349855A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-02-11 | 京瓷株式会社 | 切削工具 |
| CN104662195A (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-05-27 | 瓦尔特公开股份有限公司 | 具有TiAlCrSiN PVD涂层的工具 |
| CN113015687A (zh) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-06-22 | 因温特奥股份公司 | 具有对钻头上的磨损标记的自动识别机制的、用于在建筑物墙壁上自动钻出钻孔的装配装置和方法 |
| CN114411087A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-29 | 西安鑫垚陶瓷复合材料有限公司 | 一种涡轮导向叶片涂层制备工装及涂层制备方法 |
| CN114411087B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-09-29 | 西安鑫垚陶瓷复合材料有限公司 | 一种涡轮导向叶片涂层制备工装及涂层制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1721027B1 (de) | 2015-07-22 |
| CN1926261B (zh) | 2010-07-07 |
| WO2005085499A1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
| ES2545767T3 (es) | 2015-09-15 |
| US20080028684A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
| US7758975B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
| KR101190528B1 (ko) | 2012-10-16 |
| KR20060130196A (ko) | 2006-12-18 |
| DE102004010285A1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
| JP2007526135A (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
| BRPI0507772A (pt) | 2007-07-10 |
| EP1721027A1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
| JP4914825B2 (ja) | 2012-04-11 |
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