CN1914974A - Method for transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically - Google Patents
Method for transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically Download PDFInfo
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- CN1914974A CN1914974A CNA2006101130614A CN200610113061A CN1914974A CN 1914974 A CN1914974 A CN 1914974A CN A2006101130614 A CNA2006101130614 A CN A2006101130614A CN 200610113061 A CN200610113061 A CN 200610113061A CN 1914974 A CN1914974 A CN 1914974A
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Abstract
A mechanical transplanting method for bare cotton seedlings includes such steps as mechanical furrowing, irrigation, putting the bare cotton seedlings in furrows, covering with soil and compacting. It has high survival rate and growth quality of seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, agrotechnical raising and progress, many crops and vegetables all adopt this technology of seedling raising and transplanting to alleviate the crops for rotation anxiety, can also concentrate simultaneously and grow seedlings, and economize ground province and plant, and cotton is especially true.Seedling raising and transplanting can also avoid some owing to the risk in seedling stage that the own reason of weather, soil, damage by disease and insect or seed causes, and overcomes the uneven problem such as strong entirely of live seed sprouting.Facts have proved for many years, seedling transplanting technique can also promote crops and vegetables to improve target output or improve the quality effect.As a rule, the native alms bowl of the branch of growing seedlings is grown seedlings and soilless-cultivated seedling, also has balled transplanting and nothing soil/few soil mud to plant dual mode so transplant.Because transplanting is the first step that the seedling of crops and vegetables moves towards the land for growing field crops, it is one of key technology of field management, there is soil mud often to plant and caused the inconvenience of transplanting because of overloading of seedling bottom, soil heavily was heavy 300～100 times of seedling when for example cotton nutrition was transplanted, transplant effort, time-consuming, the seedling alms bowl is frangible, and transplanting efficiency is low.Thereby if technology and conditions permit, the light transplanting of not having soil and few soil is undoubtedly people's first-selection, is the development trend of transplanting method.The not naked seedling exhibition of broken hair of technology that soilless-cultivated seedling is transplanted is arisen at the historic moment in many researchs of planting about naked transplanting of seedling, non-soil replanting, carrier-free transplanting and few soil mud.
Nothing soil root-naked transplanting (also the claiming the carrier-free bareroot seedling to transplant) technology of cotton has begun certain limit and has used, the cotton grower transplants the carrier-free bare root cotton seedling, exempted the hardship of transportation nutritive cube soil, realized " planting cotton as planting dish ", the cotton field operation has been stepped out a step to laborsaving saving of labor's direction.Though the trouble of nutritive cube soil load of not had Tu Luomiaoyizaisheng, but still will in the face of trench digging or punching put the seedling operation, in the face of water " water of settling down " operation to the cotton seedling that does not have naked of soil, in the face of the back earthing work of planting of cotton seedling, in the face of planting other operations of back or the like, therefore transplant feedwater earthing etc. if utilize machine power to finish trench digging, then reached the effect of further raising transplanting efficiency, then greatly laborsaving saving of labor, serve society, helped promoting agricultural and cotton industry modernization level.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically.
The method of transplanting bare seedling of cotton provided by the present invention comprises and utilizes transplanting machine to ditch successively, waters, and puts bare seedling of cotton, earthing, the step of suppression; Wherein, the speed that described transplanting machine advances is 5～20 meters/minute, and the ditch depth of described trench digging is 8～12cm, waters 1.0～3.0 liters on the every lines per minute clock of the water yield, earthing amount per minute 0.05～0.15m
3
Described method also comprises, makes the soil moisture content of field 0-20cm soil layer reach 10%～20% before transplanting, and concrete grammar can be overlay film soil moisture conservation, method such as water.
Soil water content is 10%～15% before transplanting, and the described water yield of watering is 1.5～3.0 liters on every lines per minute clock, and when soil water content is 15%～20%, the described water yield of watering is 1.0～1.5 liters on every lines per minute clock.
The bare seedling of cotton of described transplanting usefulness is high 10～20cm, and underground part is less than 10cm, and the true leaf number is no more than naked cotton seedling of carrier-free of 6.
Described transplanting line-spacing is 40～150cm, preferably can be 80～120cm.
Described method also comprises uses described transplanting machine to throw in poison bait in the transplanting process, so that cotton pest such as cutworm, mole cricket, snail, thrips or cotten aphid etc. are prevented and treated.
Described poison bait can be and adds at the cotton cake of frying or soya-bean cake that related agents makes; For example prevent and treat cutworm and mole cricket and use chlorophos: cotton cake is 1: 50-100 (mass ratio) makes poison bait, mu consumption 3-5 kilogram, and the control snail is added the calcium arsenate medicament and makes poison bait, and control thrips or cotten aphid can be added pyrrole worm woods pulvis and be made poison bait.
On the power traction machine of described transplanting machine two groups or more transplanting equipment is housed, plough is housed on the fuselage of every group of transplanting equipment, puts the seedling groove, covering device, press wheel, determination of moisture instrument equipment, water supply system and dispenser groove cave.
If soil is crossed non-irrigated need the benefit and is executed the water of settling down after transplanting, also can execute and carry seed manure, after transplanting 4-10 days, use the aqueous solution that contains 0.5～1% (quality percentage composition) urea and/or 0.1～0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (quality percentage composition) to carry out 0.2～0.5 liter of every strain to cotton seedling and water root or 10～15 liters every mu and spray.
When a ripe cotton field operation, at the advance grading operation of line correlation of transplanting; In how ripe cotton field, if preceding stubble was gathered in the crops already, the stubble operation of must going out is if cover system mode between adopting also should be reserved the row band in cotton and carry out grading operation, to guarantee the machine convenient working, improve cotton transplantation of seedlings quality, if soil compaction and quality are really up to the mark, can also be brokenly earlier, back level land reaches the technology basic demand.
The present invention utilizes transplanting machine that the carrier-free bare root cotton seedling is transplanted, determination of moisture instrument and water supply system are housed on transplanting machine, can utilize determination of moisture instrument and probe thereof to carry out soil water content in time measures, control every row according to soil water content and water the water yield, guaranteed the in time additional of water of settling down when transplanting; When putting seedling, utilize artificial or machine is sent into seedling and put the seedling groove, utilize covering device to mend soil from both sides and cover root system, guarantee to put seedling after the seedling body upright, root system is fully buried; Gently suppress by press wheel at last, guarantee the abundant combination of root system and soil.Method applicability of the present invention is wide, can be applied to cropping systems such as a ripe cotton field or how ripe cotton field sleeving intercropping, greatly reduce labourer's labour intensity and consumption, save labour cost, and raising transplanting amout (two groups of transplanting equipments are per hour transplanted 2400～5000 strains), thereby reduced the holdup time behind the bare root cotton seedling lifting, improved the survival rate (98%-100%) of transplanting and planted back growth of seedlings quality, and cotton field mechanized operation level and transplanting efficiency.
Embodiment
Method among the following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Embodiment 1, bare seedling of cotton mechanization transplanting and effect analysis thereof
Breed no native bare root cotton seedling according to conventional method, seedling height of seedling 14-18cm, true leaf is counted the 2-3 sheet, and underground part length 8-10cm transports experimental field (transplanting ground) to and carries out the machinery transplanting behind the lifting.Concrete grammar is as described below:
1) transplant the preparation on ground: one ripe winter slack vacant lot as transplanting ground; to at first raking the soil level with transplanting; the level land; remove residual cotton straw in the face of land or chip control cotton field 0～20cm soil layer soil moisture content 10%～20%; be beneficial to machine and advance ground and mechanized operation; soil layer 0～20cm soil does not harden, and granulating is returned seedling after being beneficial to the transplanting earthing and planting.Wherein, the assay method of soil moisture content is for getting 0-20cm section soil sample, measure with national standard " determining soil moisture method ", be calculated as follows: absolute water percentage=(heavy (g)-105 of former soil sample ℃ oven dry soil sample constant weight (g))/105 ℃ of oven dry soil sample constant weights (g) * 100%.
2) assembling of transplant apparatus: connect machine power traction machine, traction power is 18 horsepowers, have two groups of transplanting equipments, be the semi-automatic root-naked transplanting facility of artificial seedling setting, two fuselage phase spacings are adjusted into to test a machine transplants line-spacing 80cm, plough is housed on the fuselage, put the seedling groove, covering device, press wheel, supply with water system, dispenser groove cave, plough is in fore-body (direction of advance), obtuse angle plough with sliding cutter type or boat form, covering device is at fuselage afterbody, dress is with disc type or scraper-type covering device, waist is equipped with puts the seedling groove, press wheel is selected plane or concave surface press wheel, plough for use, covering device and press wheel are conventional little farm machinery, can buy in farm machinery market.Supply with water system and can adopt self-flowing type discharge opeing or plunger pump formula pumping equipment to be connected in the transplanting ditch, the fertilizer apparatus on the sower is adopted in dispenser groove cave, finishes the dispenser operation in machine advances.
3) cotton transplantation of seedlings: the speed that transplanting machine advances is 10～12 meters/minute, regulate the height of plough and road wheel, control ditch depth 10cm, adjust the water yield in conjunction with flowing water Valve in the soil moisture content control supply water system, surveying this ground soil moisture content is 18%, can control and water 1.0～1.5 liters on the every lines per minute clock of the water yield, when putting seedling, utilize artificial separately bare root cotton seedling, seedling sent into put the seedling groove, putting seedling speed is 20～50/minute, utilizes covering device to mend soil from both sides and covers root system, earthing amount per minute 0.05～0.15m
3, guarantee to put seedling after the seedling body upright, root system fully buries, and gently suppresses by the walking of press wheel at last, guarantees the abundant combination of root system and soil, machine is on average per hour transplanted 4000 strains.And throw in granular poison bait (chlorophos: the mass ratio of cotton cake is 1: 50) from dispenser groove cave, 1.8 kilograms every mu, to the cotton field main seedling stage the insect routine effective control.
4) management of cotton transplantation of seedlings: carry out growth of cereal crop seedlings management and check that benefit is executed and carried seed manure.Planting the back the 4th day, the aqueous solution that uses 1% urea to add 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to cotton seedling waters root, 0.3 liter of every strain.Planted the back the 7th day, in time observe the cotton seedling of cotton field mechanization transplanting and plant the back survival rate, the result shows, transplanting survival rate is 99%, (the cotten aphid hazard ratio is 0.8% less than 1% for cotton pest cotten aphid, thrips hazard ratio, the thrips hazard ratio is 0.3%), field cutworm, mole cricket and the snail situation that is safe from harm; Show and obtained to transplant preferably effect and planted the back quality.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method of transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically comprises and utilizes transplanting machine to ditch successively, waters, and puts bare seedling of cotton, earthing, the step of suppression; It is characterized in that: the speed that described transplanting machine advances is 5～20 meters/minute, and the ditch depth of described trench digging is 8～12cm, waters 1.0～3.0 liters on the every lines per minute clock of the water yield, earthing amount per minute 0.05～0.15m
3
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described method makes the soil moisture content of field 0-20cm soil layer reach 10%～20% before also being included in transplanting.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the bare seedling of cotton of described transplanting usefulness is high 10～20cm, and underground part is less than 10cm, and the true leaf number is no more than 6 carrier-free bare root cotton seedling.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described transplanting line-spacing is 40～150cm, is preferably 80～120cm.
5, method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described method also comprises uses described transplanting machine to throw in poison bait in the transplanting process.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described poison bait be with the cotton cake of frying or soya-bean cake with make after agricultural chemicals mixes.
7, according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: two groups or more transplanting equipment is housed on the described transplanting machine, plough is housed on the fuselage of every group of transplanting equipment, puts the seedling groove, covering device, press wheel, supply water system and dispenser groove cave.
8, method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: also comprise the step of before transplanting the transplanting ground that hardens being carried out the rotary tillage hack in the described method.
9, method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises after the cotton transplantation of seedlings 4-10 days, uses the aqueous solution that contains 0.5～1% urea and/or 0.1～0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to carry out 0.2～0.5 liter of every strain to cotton seedling and waters root or 10～15 liters every mu and spray; Described percentage composition is the quality percentage composition.
10, method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: in the described method, when soil water content was 10%～15%, watering the water yield was 1.5～3.0 liters on every lines per minute clock; When soil water content is 15%～20%, watering the water yield is 1.0～1.5 liters on every lines per minute clock.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101130614A CN1914974A (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Method for transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101130614A CN1914974A (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Method for transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1914974A true CN1914974A (en) | 2007-02-21 |
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| CNA2006101130614A Pending CN1914974A (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Method for transplanting bare seedling of cotton mechanically |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115250857A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Breeding method for cotton variety ecological adaptability and yield stability |
-
2006
- 2006-09-08 CN CNA2006101130614A patent/CN1914974A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115250857A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Breeding method for cotton variety ecological adaptability and yield stability |
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Open date: 20070221 |