CN1911057A - Method for making northern oolong tea - Google Patents
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- CN1911057A CN1911057A CNA2006100698220A CN200610069822A CN1911057A CN 1911057 A CN1911057 A CN 1911057A CN A2006100698220 A CNA2006100698220 A CN A2006100698220A CN 200610069822 A CN200610069822 A CN 200610069822A CN 1911057 A CN1911057 A CN 1911057A
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Abstract
A process for preparing the northern oolong tea includes such steps as picking fresh tea leaves, spreading, sunning, rocking for cooling, parching, kneading, and baking. Its advantage is high quality of tea product.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing technology of tealeaves, is a kind of method for making northern oolong tea specifically.
(2) background technology
Oolong tea claims blue or green tea again, is semi-fermented tea, is combination red, the Green Tea Processing technology, and the graceful bearing uniqueness is one of extraordinary well-known tea of China, takes the course of its own in the international market, is described as the champagne in the tealeaves.At present, China Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province are mainly concentrated in the oolong tea production of China, and according to the calendar year 2001 statistics, national oolong tea output reaches 7.01 ten thousand tons, and 2.17 ten thousand tons of its middle outlets are earned foreign exchange 5,041 ten thousand dollars.And in recent years, flourish along with the research of oolong tea health care and tea culture, the oolong tea fan grows with each passing day, and its personal value is also one the tunnel high, and the hard-cover clovershrub of superfine product Wuyi cliff tea 20 grams in the oolong tea is taken 15.68 ten thousand yuan sky-high price unexpectedly.Scholarly forecast is arranged, and oolong tea is expected to become one of main consumption teas of 21 century.
Yet be subjected to the influence of factors such as weather, tea tree breed and technology, make oolong tea in the north, all fail to achieve success although China tealeaves expert just begins one's study many years ago.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide under a kind of northerly condition, introduces good tea tree breed, through distinctive method for making northern oolong tea, produces the northern oolong tea of high-quality.
The object of the invention is realized by following technical scheme: this method for making northern oolong tea, carry out according to following steps: adopt green grass or young crops, stand green grass or young crops, shine green grass or young crops, do green grass or young crops, complete, knead, dry by the fire fire, oven dry, it is characterized in that adopting the blue or green time carries out in the afternoon at fine day, and the harvesting method is for opening face or taking the lead; The stand is blue or green wants in time, according to the principle of picking earlier, spreading thicklier, planting late, spreading thinly, the bright leaf of gathering evenly is spread out on the bamboo plaque, and every plaque spreads bright leaf amount 0.5-0.75 kilogram, places on the spreading for cooling frame; Shining blue or green method is to adopt daylight to shine the blue or green and cloudy heating deterioration that adopts at fine day; Do green grass or young crops and comprise and shake blue or green and cool blue or green, do blue or green process and between cool green grass or young crops, carry out; Complete and adopt the combustion gas refiner, temperature is 280-300 ℃, and the time is 7-8 minute; Knead by kneading machine and undertaken, throw the leaf amount and account for 80% of rub barrel volume, last 3-4 minute; The baking fire carries out in the machine of baking and banking up with earth, and is controlled between 60-70 ℃; Oven dry is carried out in the machine of baking and banking up with earth, and temperature is controlled at 75-85 ℃, and leaf-spreading thickness is 2-3 centimetre, lasts 30-45 minute, and the centre is stirred once.
The factor that influences tea leaf quality is many-sided, such as soil, weather, height above sea level, fertilising, harvesting, processing etc.But the internal factor of decision tea leaf quality is a tea tree breed.Good natural conditions, cultivation management and the technology of gathering and processing can be improved tea leaf quality, but can not surmount the feature, characteristic of kind and the change of essence takes place.Select suitable land occupation condition for this reason, introduce good tea tree breed, in north rational close planted in March, every mu of 8000-10000 strain of two hedge plantings, suitably plant deeply help tea tree cold-resistant and anti-early, low because of northern winter temperature, wind is big, dry, greatly about halcyon days fertilising, and water the foot water of surviving the winter before surviving the winter, childhood, tea tree was preceding 3 years, build small arched shed, the tea place litters, and builds shelter-forest etc.
Select the blue or green tea tree kind of the first generation of suitable tea district, north of the Changjiang River plantation by testing sieves such as winter resistances: Iron Guanyin, gold osmanthus, Jin Xuan, platform tea 12, platform tea 13 etc.
Growth of tea plant is vigorous, and it is strong that the tea bud tip is held tender property, is difficult for forming staying bud, obstructs sturdyly, and internode is long, and the moisture height carries out in the afternoon so plucking time should be grasped at fine day.Adopt blue or green method for opening face and take the lead and adopt two kinds, the face of opening is adopted and is promptly all launched, forms time in the bud with the tender tip and be advisable, and plucks to open face 3～4 leaves in extremely for a short time, and this method is applicable to the leaf picking of Iron Guanyin, platform tea 12, platform tea 13; Taking the lead to adopt at young sprout is difficult to form time in the bud, adopts the simple bud of the tender tip earlier, every 2～4 days, when waiting to launch the leaf maturation, adopts down 2～3 leaves again, and this method is mainly used in the bud-leaf of Jin Xuan, gold osmanthus kind and plucks, and generally should adopt two leaves, one stalk.In addition, also can adopt a spot of third and fourth monolithic leaf.Should note when adopting green grass or young crops gently adopting putting down gently, prevent mechanical damage, in time receive green grass or young crops, properly store and transport, keep the integrality and the freshness of young sprout bud-leaf.
After bright leaf enters factory, spread out green grass or young crops earlier.The blue or green purpose in stand is to distribute the gentle surface moisture of leaf.The freshness that keeps bright leaf is convenient to shine blue or green.Green grass or young crops will be spread out in the bamboo plaque respectively equably according to tea tree breed, standard of plucking, plucking time difference at the stand.It is 0.5～0.75 kilogram that every plaque spreads bright leaf amount, and places on the spreading for cooling frame, and stand green grass or young crops must be timely, and according to picking earlier, spreading thicklier, the principle of planting late, spreading thinly is convenient to the unified green grass or young crops of shining.
Shining green grass or young crops is to utilize heat energy to make the dehydration of bright leaf appropriateness, strengthens the activity of enzyme, and chemical change distributes green odour, appears fragrance, is that each procedure is created good condition later on, and to the formation of blue or green tea color and play an important role.Shining blue or green method has daylight solarization green grass or young crops and heats two kinds.It is blue or green to adopt daylight to shine mostly at fine day, only just adopts heating deterioration at wet weather.
Utilize sunlight that suitably light solarization of bright leaf withered, formation has fabulous inducing action to high-quality oolong tea quality.Daylight shines the blue or green time generally to carry out later in fine dibbling in afternoons 4～5, and this moment, sunlight was soft, and temperature near the ground is no more than 30 ℃.Should not shine green grass or young crops when illumination is too strong, in case the blade of burning.Shining green grass or young crops carries out in the bamboo plaque, 0.5～0.75 kilogram of every plaque stand leaf amount is shone in the blue or green process and will gently be turned over 2～3 times, and the length of shining the blue or green time is different because of the difference of season, kind, weather and intensity of illumination, as golden tawny daylily kind, blade is big and thick, obstruct sturdy, the water content height, should heavily shine, it is 10～20% that gold tawny daylily kind is shone the back weight-loss ratio, perhaps takes the way of two solarizations, two colds, avoids once burning blade.The Iron Guanyin kind, blade is thicker, and water content is higher, and suitable foot shines, and it is 8～10% that the Iron Guanyin kind is shone the back weight-loss ratio.12, No. 13 kind stalks of platform tea spire is thin, suitable light the solarization, and shining the back weight-loss ratio is 5～7%.Weight-loss ratio after shine in gold osmanthus is 6～8%, and spring temperature is low, the bigger bright leaf water content height of humidity, and humidity is low, and bright leaf water content is low, and intensity of illumination is strong, can suitably gently shine; Autumn, the sky is clear and the air is crisp, and humiture is not high, and wind-force is bigger, and bright leaf water content is few, suitable light the solarization.
The method of overcast and rainy employing heating deterioration, heating deterioration adopt the hot blast groove to carry out, and temperature is controlled at below 35 ℃, and bright leaf spreads thickness at 15～20 centimetres, and wind-force is advisable can penetrate the leaf layer, stirs once gently every 15 minutes.
Shake blue or green being referred to as and do green grass or young crops with cool green grass or young crops.Shaking blue or green effect is to make leaf collide mutually, rub under the effect of external force, destroys the leaf margin cell, promotes local enzymatic oxidation, forms the feature of " greenery red margination "; Cool blue or green effect is to distribute the blade heat, again the moisture between balance leaf, stalk.Both replace mutually, carry out repeatedly, and blade inclusion generation physics and chemistry is changed.This special process process is the critical process that determines to become to sample tea quality.It is not only relevant with tea tree breed, leaf quality to do blue or green process, but also with at that time environmental condition, shine blue or green degree, to shake factors such as blue or green weight relevant.
Do green grass or young crops and comprise and shake blue or green and cool blue or green, do blue or green process and carry out between cool green grass or young crops, the quality of tea forms and does that the temperature between cool green grass or young crops, humidity just have substantial connection in the blue or green process.Optimum green-making enviroment temperature is 23～26 ℃, and relative humidity is 75～85%, and the temperature between cool green grass or young crops, humidity adopt air conditioner, dehumidifier, heating machine to control;
Shake the adjustable infinitely variable speeds vibration machine of blue or green employing and carry out, throwing the leaf amount is to roll 1/2 of cage volume, and rotating speed is 20～23 rev/mins, shakes blue or green time and number of times and decides according to dark brownish green quality.Generally shaking blue or green number of times is 3～4 times, and be 1.5～3 hours each blanking time.
Cool blue or green with shake green grass or young crops and cooperate and carry out.Cool green grass or young crops will be noted handling with care, avoids hindering blade.According to weather, shake blue or green blanking time of situation, determine cool blue or green thickness.
Do blue or green appropriate leaf, young sprout is endured again, and leaf margin slightly hangs down to blade back and rolls up, and is turtleback, and the leaf look yellowish green is bright, food value of leaf softness, hand are touched as silk fabric, and stalk arteries and veins moisture disappears, and the folding stalk is not easily broken, when sending foundation for heavy florals, should in time complete, the activity of enzyme in the passivation leafiness is fixedly done the blue or green quality that forms rapidly.Complete and adopt 90 type combustion gas refiners, temperature is controlled between 280～300 ℃, 7～8 minutes time.Fried green is grasped high temperature, short time, the technology of diaphanometer combination.
Knead and adopt kneading machine to carry out.Grasp the principle of " while hot, in right amount, light press, fast, in short-term ".Throwing leaf amount accounts for 80% of rub barrel and is advisable, and lasts 3～4 minutes, with the leaf margin that completes red limit fragmentation, comes off and is advisable.
Carry out rolling moulding, speed bag, group after kneading and rub up bale breaking, the rolling moulding is by rolling machine, purl machine, beater cooperating, and rolling operation overall process was divided into for three steps and finishes:
The speed bag adopts fast chartered plane to carry out, and earlier the rolling cloth of tealeaves with 1.4 square metres is wrapped, and the tool external force that takes this opportunity on fast chartered plane tightens globulate fast, the setting fastening packing.Attention action was rapid when speed was wrapped, and tea ball tightness is the elder generation pine, tight back is loose again.
Group rubs and adopts purl machine to carry out.Tea ball behind the speed bag is placed between purl machine two flat boards, rub extruding, mould tea shape.The principle that should grasp " greatly littler after pressure is earlier little, the time first short and then long is short again " is rubbed by group.The fresh leaves of oolong tea raw material is comparatively ripe, and content of cellulose is higher, and only under the condition of heat, cellulose also is in softening, when pectin also has viscosity, kneads the formation that just helps the bar rope while hot.But it is vexed that heat is rubbed easy generation heat, influences fragrance and color and luster.So, knead while hot also should with rub soon, in short-term, the technical measures of weight combine.
Bale breaking is undertaken by beater, and elder generation with the slow with one's hands morsel of exerting oneself slowly, feeds beater with the tea ball again, deblocks.So that distribute heat and moisture are removed tea dust, keep quality, moulding once more.
The baking fire will successively carry out the baking fire three times in the rolling process, with transpiring moisture, improve plasticity.The baking fire carries out in the machine of baking and banking up with earth, and controls temperature between 60～70 ℃ according to tealeaves moisture difference.
The long roasting of low temperature can produce the high-quality slender joss stick terpene compound of multiple tool, thereby constitutes the graceful fragrance of oolong tea.Slow fire bakes slowly and can also make finished product fragrance hold back the Tibetan simultaneously, and flavour is mellow, and color and luster is glossy, appearance " frosting ".Oven dry adopts curer to carry out, and temperature is controlled at about 80 ℃, and 2～3 centimetres of leaf-spreading thicknesses last 30～45 minutes, and turn over once the centre.The tea dust that turns will evenly be sprinkling upon above the bar tea, dries by the fire foot and does.
Advantage of the present invention is to work out the high-grade tea tree breed that oolong tea is made in a whole set of cultivation, on the basis of using for reference traditional handicraft, constantly change processing mode, processing method is reliable, be convenient to operation, processing and fabricating success northern oolong tea has been filled up the blank that oolong tea is not produced in the north, identify that through the relevant expert its quality is better than the blue or green tea of southern tradition.
(4) specific embodiment
Embodiment one: select for use the Iron Guanyin kind to make northern oolong tea
Adopt green grass or young crops, fine day, pluck between at 15 o'clock in afternoon in the morning 9 dark brownish green, should pluck little in open face 3-4 leaf; → stand is blue or green, and it is 0.75 kilogram that every plaque spreads bright leaf amount, picking earlier, spreading thicklier, planting late, spreading thinly; → shine blue or green, 0.75 kilogram/bamboo plaque, 90 centimetres of bamboo plaque diameters, after at 5 o'clock in afternoon, during not direct projection of the sun, surface temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, shines 15 minutes, turn over 3 times the centre, withers softly to reach the leaf attitude, fits perfectly, and is " grey dawn " and is advisable; → shake green grass or young crops, long 1.2 meters of vibration machine, 0.5 meter of diameter shakes 3 times.For the first time: 4 minutes (18 rev/mins), shake after 2 hours for the second time: heavily shake, 8 minutes (20 rev/mins), see after 30 minutes that the red and interior sawtooth in leaf saw limit does not redden, and to redden to good, shakes for the third time after 4 hours: about 1:00 AM, Wen Xiang, leaf margin reddens, and the tender leaf red stain is many, and old red stain is few.→ complete, 90 type combustion gas green-keeping machines, temperature is 220 ℃ in the tube, high temperature, short time, the diaphanometer combination, red limit can be smashed when taking the dish out of the pot, and burnt flavour can not be arranged.→ knead, to rub and bale breaking comprising speed bag, group, greatly littler after pressure is earlier little, the time first short and then long is short again.→ drying, 80 ℃ of temperature, 3 centimetres on stand leaf lasts 30 minutes.
Embodiment two: select for use golden tawny daylily kind to make northern oolong tea
Adopt green grass or young crops, pluck dark brownish green, the fine morning 9 up at 15 o'clock in afternoon, should pluck and open face 2-3 leaf in extremely for a short time; → stand is blue or green, and it is 0.5 kilogram that every plaque spreads bright leaf amount, picking earlier, spreading thicklier, planting late, spreading thinly; → shine blue or green, 0.5 kilogram/bamboo plaque, 90 centimetres of bamboo plaque diameters, after at 5 o'clock in afternoon, the sun can not direct projection, surface temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, shines 20 minutes, turn over 2 times the centre, withers softly to reach the leaf attitude, fits perfectly, and is " grey dawn " and is advisable; → shake green grass or young crops, long 1.2 meters of vibration machine, 0.5 meter of diameter shakes 3 times.For the first time, about 4 minutes (18 rev/mins), shake after 2 hours for the second time, to heavily shake, about 8 minutes (19 rev/mins), see after 30 minutes the red and interior sawtooth in leaf saw limit does not redden to want, to redden to good, shake for the third time after 3 hours, about 1:00 AM, Wen Xiang, leaf margin reddens, the tender leaf red stain is many, and old red stain is few; → complete, with 90 type combustion gas green-keeping machines, 240 ℃ of temperature, high temperature, short time, diaphanometer combination, red limit can be smashed when taking the dish out of the pot, and burnt flavour can not be arranged; → knead, to rub and bale breaking comprising speed bag, group, greatly littler after pressure is earlier little, the time first short and then long is short again; → drying, 75 ℃ of temperature, 4 centimetres on stand leaf lasts 40 minutes.
Embodiment three: select for use gold osmanthus, platform tea 12, platform tea 13 kinds to make northern oolong tea
Adopt green grass or young crops, pluck dark brownish green, the fine morning 9 up at 15 o'clock in afternoon, should pluck and open face 3-4 leaf in extremely for a short time; → stand is blue or green, and it is 0.75 kilogram that every plaque spreads bright leaf amount, picking earlier, spreading thicklier, planting late, spreading thinly; → shine blue or green, 0.75 kilogram/bamboo plaque, 90 centimetres of bamboo plaque diameters, after at 5 o'clock in afternoon, the sun can not direct projection, surface temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, shines 30 minutes, turn over 3 times the centre, withers softly to reach the leaf attitude, fits perfectly, and is " grey dawn " and is advisable; → shake green grass or young crops, long 1.2 meters of vibration machine, 0.5 meter of diameter shakes 3-4 time.For the first time, about 3-4 minute (18 rev/mins), shake after 2 hours for the second time, heavily shake, about 8 minutes (18-20 rev/min), see after 30 minutes the red and interior sawtooth in leaf saw limit does not redden and want,, shake for the third time after 3-4 hour: about 1:00 AM to redden to good, Wen Xiang, leaf margin reddens, and the tender leaf red stain is many, and old red stain is few; → complete, 90 type combustion gas green-keeping machines, 230 ℃ of temperature, high temperature, short time, the diaphanometer combination, red limit can be smashed when taking the dish out of the pot, and burnt flavour can not be arranged; → knead, to rub and bale breaking comprising speed bag, group, greatly littler after pressure is earlier little, the time first short and then long is short again; → drying, 80 ℃ of temperature, 3 centimetres on stand leaf lasts 35 minutes.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method for making northern oolong tea, carry out according to following steps: adopt green grass or young crops, stand blue or green, shine blue or green, do green grass or young crops, complete, knead, dry by the fire fire, oven dry, it is characterized in that adopting the blue or green time carries out in the afternoon at fine day, the harvesting method is for opening face or taking the lead; The stand is blue or green wants in time, according to the principle of picking earlier, spreading thicklier, planting late, spreading thinly, the bright leaf of gathering evenly is spread out on the bamboo plaque, and every plaque spreads bright leaf amount 0.5-0.75 kilogram, places on the spreading for cooling frame; Shining blue or green method is to adopt daylight to shine the blue or green and cloudy heating deterioration that adopts at fine day; Do green grass or young crops and comprise and shake blue or green and cool blue or green, do blue or green process and between cool green grass or young crops, carry out; Complete and adopt the combustion gas refiner, temperature is 280-300 ℃, and the time is 7-8 minute; Knead by kneading machine and undertaken, throw the leaf amount and account for 80% of rub barrel volume, last 3-4 minute; The baking fire carries out in the machine of baking and banking up with earth, and is controlled between 60-70 ℃; Oven dry is carried out in the machine of baking and banking up with earth, and temperature is controlled at 75-85 ℃, and leaf-spreading thickness is 2-3 centimetre, lasts 30-45 minute, and the centre is stirred once.
2, according to the described method for making northern oolong tea of claim 1, it is characterized in that making the blue or green tea tree kind of the first generation that northern oolong tea will be selected the plantation of suitable tea district, the north of the Changjiang River: No. 13, Iron Guanyin, gold osmanthus, Jin Xuan, platform tea 12, platform tea.
3, according to the described method for making northern oolong tea of claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting blue or green method and adopt two kinds for opening face and taking the lead, the face of opening is adopted and is promptly all launched, forms time in the bud with the tender tip and be advisable, pluck little in open face 3～4 leaves, this method is applicable to the leaf picking of No. 13, Iron Guanyin, platform tea 12, platform tea; Taking the lead to adopt at young sprout is difficult to form time in the bud, adopts the simple bud of the tender tip earlier, every 2～4 days, when waiting to launch the leaf maturation, adopts down 2～3 leaves again, and this method is mainly used in the bud-leaf of Jin Xuan, gold osmanthus kind and plucks, and generally should adopt two leaves, one stalk.In addition, also can adopt a spot of third and fourth monolithic leaf.
4, according to the described method for making northern oolong tea of claim 1, it is characterized in that daylight shines the blue or green time and generally carries out later in fine dibbling in afternoons 4～5, temperature near the ground is no more than 30 ℃, shining green grass or young crops carries out in the bamboo plaque, 0.5～0.75 kilogram of every plaque stand leaf amount, shine in the blue or green process and will gently turn over 2～3 times, the length of shining the blue or green time is because of season, kind, the difference of weather and intensity of illumination and different, it is 10～20% that gold tawny daylily kind is shone the back weight-loss ratio, perhaps take the way of two solarizations, two colds, it is 8～10% that the Iron Guanyin kind is shone the back weight-loss ratio, it is 5～7% that platform tea kind is shone the back weight-loss ratio, weight-loss ratio after shine in gold osmanthus is 6-8%, the method for overcast and rainy employing heating deterioration, and heating deterioration adopts the hot blast groove to carry out, temperature is controlled at below 35 ℃, bright leaf spreads thickness at 15～20 centimetres of m, and wind-force is advisable can penetrate the leaf layer, stirs once gently every 15 minutes.
5, according to the described method for making northern oolong tea of claim 1, it is characterized in that doing green grass or young crops comprises and shakes blue or green and cool blue or green, doing blue or green process carries out between cool green grass or young crops, optimum green-making enviroment temperature is 23～26 ℃, relative humidity is 75～85%, and the temperature between cool green grass or young crops, humidity adopt air conditioner, dehumidifier, heating machine to control; Shake the adjustable infinitely variable speeds vibration machine of blue or green employing and carry out, throwing the leaf amount is to roll 1/2 of cage volume, and rotating speed is 20～23 rev/mins, and shaking blue or green number of times is 3～4 times, and be 1.5～3 hours each blanking time.
6, according to the described method for making northern oolong tea of claim 1, carry out rolling moulding, speed bag, group after it is characterized in that kneading and rub up bale breaking, the rolling moulding is by rolling machine, purl machine, beater cooperating, rolling operation overall process was divided into for three steps and finishes: speed bag adopts fast chartered plane to carry out, earlier the rolling cloth of tealeaves with 1.4 square metres is wrapped, the tool external force that takes this opportunity on fast chartered plane tightens globulate fast, the setting fastening packing; Group rubs and adopts purl machine to carry out, and the tea ball behind the speed bag is placed between purl machine two flat boards, rubs extruding, moulds tea shape; Bale breaking is undertaken by beater, and elder generation with the slow with one's hands morsel of exerting oneself slowly, feeds beater with the tea ball again, deblocks.
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