CN1875131A - 清洗气体涡轮压缩机叶片的含水组合物和方法 - Google Patents

清洗气体涡轮压缩机叶片的含水组合物和方法 Download PDF

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CN1875131A
CN1875131A CNA2004800325169A CN200480032516A CN1875131A CN 1875131 A CN1875131 A CN 1875131A CN A2004800325169 A CNA2004800325169 A CN A2004800325169A CN 200480032516 A CN200480032516 A CN 200480032516A CN 1875131 A CN1875131 A CN 1875131A
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鄢来斌
布鲁斯·K·菲利波
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Abstract

本发明涉及燃气涡轮清洗剂。本发明的组合物包括二醇烷基醚化合物,烷基链长为3-18个碳的烷氧基化表面活性剂和金属腐蚀抑制剂成分。

Description

清洗气体涡轮压缩机叶片的含水组合物和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于燃气涡轮叶片的化学清洗液。更具体地,本发明涉及包含二醇烷基醚化合物、溶剂和金属腐蚀抑制剂成分的清洗组合物。
背景技术
全世界都在使用工业燃气涡轮。燃气涡轮的实例为Solar Turbines,Inc.制造的Mars Gas Turbine或Taurus 70 Gas Turbine。Mars涡轮机有15级压缩机,每级都包括一排固定的叶片(静叶片)和一排转动的叶片。第1级叶片最大而第15级叶片最小。在操作期间,空气被吸入压缩机的扩散形通道并经过每一级被压缩。
在每一级,静叶片引导压缩空气通过与其配对的一排转动叶片。静叶片和转动叶片的翼片(air foil)已设计为提供最大效率。但是,连续操作的结果是,在这些翼片的前沿上堆积了污物。因此,压缩机部分的总效率下降。这反过来又降低了可供消费使用的功率。Mars涡轮机在满额定功率下每秒钟压缩近90磅空气。每标准立方英尺的空气仅仅有少量空气污染物。但是,当大量的空气通过涡轮机时,这些污物成倍增加。另外,空气在室温下进入涡轮机并在约630下离开压缩机。大部分效率损失在前三级或前四级上发生,一旦污物附着在叶片上就很难清洗它们。
因此,必须清洗燃气涡轮,通常每月清洗以保持操作效率和最大可用功率。有两种主要方法来清洗燃气涡轮;一种方法是曲轴清洗(crankwashing),另一种方法是在线清洗。在这两种方法中曲轴清洗更加通用。在清洗时,每个涡轮机使用约2加仑清洗剂清洗涡轮,并使用另外1-2加仑清洗通道。在操作车间还可以使用相同的清洗剂用于常规清洗。因此,需要大量优质的燃气涡轮清洗剂。
燃气涡轮的曲轴清洗是这样一种方法,其中在缓慢转动曲轴时将清洗液引入涡轮机的涡轮压缩机进口。该缓慢的曲轴转动是冷转动而不进行点火或引入燃料。市场上有许多类型的涡轮压缩机清洗剂。包括PenetoneCorporation的Penetone19;Conntect,Inc.的Connect5000;Turco Products,Inc.的Turco6783 Series;ZOK Incorporated的ZOK27,以及RochemCorporation的Fyrewash。
然而,目前的清洗产品有几个缺点。这些缺点包括泡沫过多,浸泡时间长,水溶性低和残留清洗剂。现有产品克服了这些缺点中的一些;但是没有一种现有产品能够克服所有这些缺点。
发明内容
本发明涉及燃气涡轮清洗组合物,其包括以下物质的混合物:(a)二醇烷基醚化合物,(b)烷基链长为约3-18个碳的烷氧基化表面活性剂和(c)金属腐蚀抑制剂成分。本发明还涉及在发电时清洗气体涡轮压缩机和/或其叶片而功率无明显损失的方法,所述方法包括使待清洗的表面与清洗组合物接触,该清洗组合物包括以下物质的混合物:(a)二醇烷基醚化合物,(b)烷基链长为约3-18个碳的烷氧基化表面活性剂和(c)金属腐蚀抑制剂成分。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及燃气涡轮清洗剂。具体地,本发明的清洗剂描述为组合物。本发明的组合物包括二醇烷基醚化合物和烷基链长为约3-18个碳的烷氧基化表面活性剂。本发明的组合物还包括金属腐蚀抑制剂成分。
本发明还涉及清洗基底的方法,包括提供本发明的清洗液及使该清洗液与待清洗的基底接触。
具体地,本发明涉及可用于清洗气体涡轮压缩机叶片的清洗剂组合物。施用本发明的含水清洗液以有效除去沉积在气体涡轮压缩机中的污物,以及有效清洗压缩机。注意,存在于气体涡轮压缩机上的特定污垢沉积物取决于它们工作的环境和现存的过滤结构(filtration)。沉积物通常包括不同含量的水分、烟灰、水溶性组分、不溶性污物和压缩机叶片材料的腐蚀产物。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及清洗剂组合物,其包括:(1)溶剂成分(约1-20重量%),包括一种或多种醇-乙二醇的组合,(2)表面活性剂成分(约5-25重量%),包括一种或多种非离子表面活性剂,以及(3)金属腐蚀抑制剂成分(约1-15重量%)(余下的水;约50-90重量%)。
溶剂成分包括一种或多种以下物质:丙二醇甲醚、一缩二丙二醇甲醚、二缩三丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇正丙醚、一缩二丙二醇正丙醚、二缩三丙二醇正丙醚、丙二醇正丁醚、一缩二丙二醇正丁醚、二缩三丙二醇正丁醚、一缩二丙二醇二甲醚、一缩二乙二醇乙醚、一缩二乙二醇甲醚、一缩二乙二醇正丁醚、一缩二乙二醇己醚、乙二醇丙醚、乙二醇正丁醚和乙二醇己醚。
表面活性剂成分包括一种或多种以下物质:选自以下的一种或多种:非离子型乙氧基化伯醇和/或仲醇、含有氧化丙烯的烷氧基化伯醇,和/或氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物。烷基链长优选为3-18个碳,更优选为6-15个碳。氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯材料约为2-20摩尔。该类型的表面活性剂的实例为NeodolTM、Surfonic、Plurafac和Pluronic系列表面活性剂。
腐蚀抑制剂成分包括一种或多种以下物质:N-甲基油酰氨基乙酸、三乙醇胺、1,8-辛烷二羧酸、(((2-羟乙基)亚氨基)双(亚甲基))双膦酸N-氧化物、((四氢-2-羟基-4H-1,4,2-氧膦杂苯-4-基)甲基)膦酸N-氧化物(((tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxaphosphorin-4-yl)methyl)phosphonic acid N-oxide)、5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑。
本发明的清洗组合物的pH可以通过添加氢氧化铵溶液、三乙醇胺和二乙醇铵中的一种或多种而调节为约6.5-9,且优选为6.5-7.5。
根据MIL-PRF-85704C(Performance Specification,Cleaning Compound,Turbine Engine Gas Path,1998)进行清洗效率和规格测试。依照MIL-PRF-23699在1升宽口瓶中混合500克润滑油和50克Raven1040碳黑。将瓶置于240℃±5℃的烘箱中。将与计量空气供给源连接的0.25英寸内径(I.D.)玻璃管插入混合物中,空气流量为8.5±0.5cm3/s。在240℃±5℃曝气下加热混合物120小时,然后冷却至室温并混合至均匀。
测试盘的直径为6英寸,厚度为0.020英寸,由裸不锈钢316制成。用刷子将污物均匀涂覆在盘上。清洗装置在220rpm下垂直转动喷嘴前面的这些盘,喷嘴垂直于盘,所述盘每分钟9次来回通过预定区域。喷嘴尖端在整个清洗和冲洗周期与测试盘保持3.3±0.1英寸的距离。1000ml 20体积%的清洗液以100±10ml/min.的速率通过喷嘴吸入转动的污盘上。喷嘴与10psig蒸汽管线连接。干燥并称重测试盘,结果用于计算清洗化合物的清洗效率百分数。
在下面的表1中示出了每种清洗制剂的清洗效率。由重量损失测量清洗效率并目测观察清洗之后留在测试盘上的污物量。得到约100%清洗性能的清洗效率具有最高清洗能力并设等级为#1。使用去离子(D.I.)水作为参照并设等级为#6。在清洗之后根据目测外观(清洁性)分配性能等级。如表中所示,15.6%C12-18烷氧基化直链醇(例如Plurafac D-25)和1%一缩二丙二醇甲醚(ArcosolvDPM),3%丙二醇正丁醚(DowanolTM PnB)共混,以及腐蚀抑制剂混合物尤其增强了清洗性能。除了制剂38之外,表1中的所有制剂都包括腐蚀抑制剂的混合物(0.1-1重量%5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑;0.01-0.1重量%N-甲基油酰氨基乙酸;0.1-3重量%三乙醇胺;0.5-2重量%1,8-辛烷二羧酸)。
表1-清洗液组合物和清洗测试
  制剂   Wt.%溶剂成分   Wt.%表面活性剂成分   %污物去除率   性能等级
  D.I.水   96   6
  1   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Neodol 25-9   77   4
  2   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   8 Neodol 25-9/7.6 Neodol25-7   94   4
  3   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   8 Neodol 25-9/7.6 Neodol23-5   88   5
  4   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   8 Neodol 25-9/4 Neodol25-7/3.6 Neodol 23-5   92   4
  5   1 Dowanol DPnM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Neodol 25-9   83   4
  6   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Surfonic L24-9   73   5
  7   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Surfonic L24-9   75   5
  8   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   13.6 Neodol 25-9/1 Neodol25-7/1 Neodol 23-5   98   3
  9   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   11.6 Neodol 25-9/2 Neodol25-7/2 Neodol 23-5   79   4
  10   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   13.6 Surfonic 24-9/1Surfon-ic 12-8/1 Surfanic12-6   91   4
  制剂   Wt.%溶剂成分   Wt.%表面活性剂成分   %污物去除率   性能等级
  11   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   11.6 Surfonic 24-9/2Surfonic 12-8/2Surfonic 12-6   87   4
  12   1 Arcosolv DPM/5Dowanol PnB   15.6 Neodol 25-9   92   4
  13   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   10 Neodol 25-9   93   3
  14   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Neodol 25-9   95   3
  15   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   14.6 Neodol 25-9/1Neodol 25-7   89   4
  16   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   14.6 Neodol 25-9/1Neodol 25-7   76   5
  17   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 IconolTM 24-9   88   4
  18   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Iconol 35-8   86   3
  19   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 MacolLA12   87   3
  20   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25   99   1
  21   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  22   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB/3Butvl CellosolveTM   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  23   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  24   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB/3Butyl Cellosolve   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  制剂   Wt.%溶剂成分   Wt.%表面活性剂成分   %污物去除率   性能等级
  25   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   8.6 Plurafac D-25/7.0Plurafac B-26   96   3
  26   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac B-26   96   2
  27   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  28   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac SL-92   93   3
  29   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   8.6 Plurafac SL-92/3.5Plurafac B-26/3.5 PlurafacD-25   97   3
  30   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  31   1 Arcosolv/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
  32   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   9.6 Plurafac D-25/6.0-MonatericTM CA-35/2.0Pluronic L-62   93   4
  33   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   8.6 Plurafac D-25/5.0Ethomeen T20/2.0Pluronic L-62   98   4
  34   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   7.8 Plurafac D-25/7.8Surfonic L24-12/2.0Pluronic L-62   91   4
  35   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB/3Butyl Cellosolve TM   12.6 Plurafac D-25   99   1
  36   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac B-25-5   100   1
  37   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   96   5
  38   15.6 Plurafac D-25   99   2
  39   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Surfonic JL-25X   100   1
  制剂   Wt.%溶剂成分   Wt.%表面活性剂成分   %污物去除率   性能等级
  40   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac SL-62   99   2
  41   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB/3Hexylene Glycol   15.6 Plurafac D-25   98   1
  42   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB/3Butyl CarbitolTM   15.6 Plurafac D-25   99   1
  43   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB   15.6 Plurafac D-25LS   100   1
  44   1 Arcosolv DPM/3Dowanol PnB  具有40ppm EBO   15.6 Plurafac D-25   100   1
在表1中:
1.溶剂成分:Arcosolv DPM=一缩二丙二醇甲醚;Dowanol PnB=丙二醇正丁醚;Dowanol DPnM=一缩二丙二醇丙醚;Butyl CellosolveTM=乙二醇一丁醚;Butyl CarbitolTM=一缩二乙二醇正丁醚;Hexylene Glycol=2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇。
2.腐蚀抑制剂成分:5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑;N-甲基油酰氨基乙酸;三乙醇胺;1,8-辛烷二羧酸;EBO=(((2-羟乙基)亚氨基)双(亚甲基))双膦酸N-氧化物和((四氢-2-羟基-4H-1,4,2-氧膦杂苯-4-基)甲基)膦酸N-氧化物的混合物。
3.表面活性剂成分:Neodol 23-5:具有5摩尔EO单元的C12-11乙氧基化伯醇;Neodol 25-7:具有7摩尔EO单元的C12-15乙氧基化伯醇;Neodol25-9:具有9摩尔EO单元的乙氧基化伯醇;Surfonic L12-6:POE(6)C10-12烷基;Surfonic L12-8:POE(8)C10-12烷基;Surfonic L24-9:POE(9)C12-14烷基;Surfonic JL-25X:C12-18乙氧基化,丙氧基化醇;Macol L12:月桂醇乙氧基化物;Iconol 24-9:C12-16羟乙基醇;Iconol 35-8:C12-15支化醇;分子量580;Plurafac B25-5:C12-15烷氧基化直链醇,分子量810;Plurafac B26:C12-15烷氧基化直链醇,分子量1030;Plurafac D25:C12-18烷氧基化直链醇,分子量930;Plurafac SL-62:C6-10烷氧基化直链醇,分子量840;PlurafacSL-92:C6-10烷氧基化直链醇,分子量700。
为了防止压缩机材料发生任何水腐蚀或应力腐蚀,以及为了防止涡轮机中的热腐蚀,清洗液的成分优选为高纯度的,余下量为腐蚀抑制剂。清洗液的残留物或灰分含量优选不应超过约0.01%,因此,对于燃气涡轮清洗应用的目的,所有成分,尤其是表面活性剂成分,应该为高纯度级且低盐的。
优选地,总的碱金属应小于约25ppm,镁和钙应小于约5ppm,锡和铜应小于约10ppm,硫应小于约50ppm,氯应小于约40ppm,以及钒和铅小于约0.1ppm。
尽管已经结合具体实施方案描述了本发明,但显然对于本领域的技术人员,本发明的大量其它的形式和修改将是显而易见的。权利要求书和本发明一般应认为涵盖了所有这些在本发明的实质和范围内的显而易见的形式和修改。

Claims (20)

1.燃气涡轮清洗组合物,包括以下物质的混合物:(a)二醇烷基醚化合物,(b)烷基链长为约3-18个碳的烷氧基化表面活性剂和(c)金属腐蚀抑制剂成分。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述二醇烷基醚化合物选自丙二醇甲醚、一缩二丙二醇甲醚、二缩三丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇正丙醚、一缩二丙二醇正丙醚、二缩三丙二醇正丙醚、丙二醇正丁醚、一缩二丙二醇正丁醚、二缩三丙二醇正丁醚、一缩二丙二醇二甲醚、一缩二乙二醇乙醚、一缩二乙二醇甲醚、一缩二乙二醇正丁醚、一缩二乙二醇己醚、乙二醇丙醚、乙二醇正丁醚、乙二醇己醚以及它们的混合物。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷氧基化表面活性剂选自以下的一种或多种:非离子型乙氧基化伯醇或仲醇、含有氧化丙烯的烷氧基化伯醇、氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物,及其混合物。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述金属腐蚀抑制剂成分选自N-甲基油酰氨基乙酸、三乙醇胺、1,8-辛烷二羧酸、(((2-羟乙基)亚氨基)双(亚甲基))双膦酸N-氧化物、((四氢-2-羟基-4H-1,4,2-氧膦杂苯-4-基)甲基)膦酸N-氧化物、5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑以及它们的混合物。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷氧基化表面活性剂的烷基链长为约6-15个碳。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷氧基化表面活性剂是非离子型的。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中混合物的pH为约6.5-9。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中混合物的pH为约6.5-7.5。
9.权利要求1的组合物,其中混合物的残余物含量小于约0.01%。
10.权利要求1的组合物,其中混合物的碱金属含量小于约25ppm。
11.在发电时清洗气体涡轮压缩机及其叶片而功率无明显损失的方法,其包括使待清洗的表面与清洗组合物接触,所述清洗组合物包括以下物质的混合物:(a)二醇烷基醚化合物,(b)烷基链长为约3-18个碳的烷氧基化表面活性剂和(c)金属腐蚀抑制剂成分。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述二醇烷基醚化合物选自丙二醇甲醚、一缩二丙二醇甲醚、二缩三丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇正丙醚、一缩二丙二醇正丙醚、二缩三丙二醇正丙醚、丙二醇正丁醚、一缩二丙二醇正丁醚、二缩三丙二醇正丁醚、一缩二丙二醇二甲醚、一缩二乙二醇乙醚、一缩二乙二醇甲醚、一缩二乙二醇正丁醚、一缩二乙二醇己醚、乙二醇丙醚、乙二醇正丁醚、乙二醇己醚以及它们的混合物。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中所述烷氧基化表面活性剂选自以下的一种或多种:非离子型乙氧基化伯醇或仲醇、含有氧化丙烯的烷氧基化伯醇、氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物,及其混合物。
14.权利要求11的方法,其中所述金属腐蚀抑制剂成分选自N-甲基油酰氨基乙酸、三乙醇胺、1,8-辛烷二羧酸、(((2-羟乙基)亚氨基)双(亚甲基))双膦酸N-氧化物、((四氢-2-羟基-4H-1,4,2-氧膦杂苯-4-基)甲基)膦酸N-氧化物、5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑以及它们的混合物。
15.权利要求11的方法,其中所述烷氧基化表面活性剂的烷基链长为约6-15个碳。
16.权利要求11的方法,其中所述烷氧基化表面活性剂是非离子型的。
17.权利要求11的方法,其中混合物的pH为约6.5-9。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中混合物的pH为约6.5-7.5。
19.权利要求11的方法,其中混合物的残余物含量小于约0.01%。
20.权利要求11的方法,其中混合物的碱金属含量小于约25ppm。
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NZ545682A (en) 2009-01-31
CN1875131B (zh) 2010-08-11
US7018965B2 (en) 2006-03-28
WO2005024095A1 (en) 2005-03-17
BRPI0413779B1 (pt) 2015-01-06
AU2004271132B2 (en) 2010-09-02
KR101140696B1 (ko) 2012-05-03
TWI368673B (en) 2012-07-21
TW200528583A (en) 2005-09-01
MXPA06002490A (es) 2006-06-20
US20050049168A1 (en) 2005-03-03
CA2537510C (en) 2012-04-10
EP1664385A1 (en) 2006-06-07
EP1664385B1 (en) 2019-06-12
IN2012DN02361A (zh) 2015-08-21
AU2004271132A1 (en) 2005-03-17
KR20060125697A (ko) 2006-12-06
MY139477A (en) 2009-10-30

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