CN1869084A - Superstrong water absorber and its preparation method and selenium-enriched plant antidraught agent using same as raw material - Google Patents
Superstrong water absorber and its preparation method and selenium-enriched plant antidraught agent using same as raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An ultra-strong water absorbent for agricultural purpose is prepared from bentone, acrylamide, acrylic acid and urea through radiated copolymerization. A Se-enriched drought resisting agent for plants is prepared from said ultra-strong water absorbent, Se, plant growth regulator, oxygen releasing agent, antibacterial antiseptic, cold resisting agent, penetrant, trace elements and additive.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicine fertilizer technology field, relate to a kind of super strength water absorbent and preparation method thereof and be the plant rich in selenium drought-resistant cultivating water-holding agent of raw material with it.
Background technology
China's northern area is spring drought year after year, the betrunking of stream, and groundwater table decreasing, the resource of water is less and less.China is poor-water big country, and the water resources owning amount occupies the 109th in the world per capita, for the world per capita owning amount 1/4th.China's lack of water area reaches more than 580,000 square kilometre.
The northern area of China is subjected to nearly more than 800,000,000 mu of the arid soil that threatens, and annual much arable lands lie waste because of spring drought, and is Chinese because of 30,000,000,000 kilograms of grains of the annual minimizing of arid, causes very big financial loss.Simultaneously, 16.5 hundred million mu of China Deserts of Gobi, soil desertifies and is just nibbling our arable land every year with 2460 square kilometres speed.How to make full use of the rainwater of the Nature, carry out the water conservation drought-resistant cultivating, improve seeding ratio, the surviving rate of nursery stock transplanting and cutting is the problem that we will study.
Wang Shuyu discloses a kind of " plant drought-resisting agent composition " at CN98114512.4, CN01131851.1 discloses a kind of " nonirrigated farmland kind clothing agent preparation method ", CN200410013758.5 discloses a kind of " dry culture agent ", they all northeastward, ground such as North China, northwest, Inner Mongol carried out test, demonstration, the popularization more than 8 years, and the test spread area reaches 20,000,000 mu.The contriver has accumulated a large amount of data in patent working, obtained rich experience, finds that also there are some shortcomings in the said products simultaneously.Because the seed of draught-resistant seed coating agent dressing is broadcast suction, water conservation in soil, the embracing layer that around seed, forms, under drought condition, can guarantee the seed imbibition, sprout, emerge, but change under the situations such as dry land, covering film as soil, the paddy field that runs into low temperature, cloudy weather for several days running, low-lying humidity when sowing in spring, because a little less than the cold-adapted enzyme activity, the soil anoxic of excessive moisture, influence seed germination and breathing, the seed disease resistance weakens, and easily infects mould, causes seed to go rotten.Super strength water absorbent among CN98114512.4, CN01131851.1, the CN200410013758.5 is all formed by two kinds of monomer radiation copolymerizations, and the production technique more complicated need be reacted under condition of nitrogen gas, and cost is higher relatively.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to improve on the basis of CN98114512.4, CN01131851.1, CN200410013758.5, develop the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent, change under the situations such as dry land, covering film to solve the soil, the paddy field that run into low temperature, cloudy weather for several days running, low-lying humidity when plant lacks selenium, spring sowing, the seed disease resistance weakens, easily infect mould, the problem that causes seed to go rotten, and existing super-strong moisture absorbing agent producing process more complicated, need under condition of nitrogen gas, react the relative problem of higher of cost.
Super strength water absorbent of the present invention is 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 by vinylformic acid, acrylamide, urea and wilkinite according to weight ratio: 0.5～1.0: 1.0～2.5 ratio is formed.
Super strength water absorbent of the present invention is prepared according to following steps: a, preparation weight concentration are 20～40% the potassium acrylate aqueous solution; B, preparation weight concentration are 10～30% acrylamide solution; C, preparation weight concentration are 20～50% aqueous solution of urea; D, preparation weight concentration are 10～40% bentonite solution; E, be 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 with four kinds of aqueous solution among a～d according to monomer weight ratio: add 1～8wt.%KOH after 0.5～1.0: 1.0～2.5 the mixed, add 1～10 μ g/gN, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide places
60Shine in the Co γ radiation chamber, irradiation dose is 0.2～2.0KGy, and section, oven dry, pulverizing are finished product.
Plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of the present invention is made up of super strength water absorbent 50～90, selenium element 0.1～7.0, plant-growth regulator 0.2～20, ease oxygen agent 0.3～10, antibiotic antiseptic 0.1～10, cold-resistance agent 0.02～2.0, permeate agent 0.01～1.0, trace element 0.16～16 and additive surplus according to weight percent.
The effect of each component of plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent is as follows:
(1) plant-growth regulator: contain the plant-growth regulator of multiple short bud, extraneous root, raising resistance in the prescription, regulating composition have promote cellular plasm to flow, improve cell viability, quicken plant-growth, take root fast, root system is pricked soil deeply, absorb deep soil moisture and nutrient, the effect of the anti-ability of withering of raising plant.Root system is the place of synthetic cell mitogen isoreactivity material, and well developed root system synthetic active substance is just many, promotes vine growth and development on the ground more.
(2) selenium: trace element-selenium is defined as " needed by human " by WHO (United Nations's health organization), and is described as " life kindling material ", " anticancer king ", " Cardioprotective god ", " hepatoprotecting factor ".Though selenium is poisonous, be converted into the organoselenium that human body is had no side effect by farm crop, selenium is useful as trace element to HUMAN HEALTH, is a kind of antioxidant, can eliminate oxyradical, superoxide in the human body, and protective effect on cancer risk is arranged.International current research shows that lacking selenium and more than 40 kind of disease of human body has substantial connection.14 kinds of essential trace elements are arranged in the human body, and selenium is the most important in these trace elements.In state-owned more than 70% the area, about 700,000,000 populations are in poor selenium and low selenium zone.How to improve that the content of selenium is the important topic that people study in the food.Selenium can also improve the plant disease-resistant ability except having protective effect on cancer risk, selenium can suppress the various plants fungi, and cereal is executed selenium can improve setting percentage, and it is heavy to increase grain, and premature ripening increases output.
(3) ease oxygen agent: can constantly discharge oxygen, prevent that seed anoxic influence breathing, particularly peanut under the situation of low temperature and moisture, the contour oily crop seed of soybean from needing a large amount of oxygen when sprouting, the anoxic seed easily goes rotten.
(4) sanitas: the seed that prevents the drought resistance agent dressing rots kind owing to infecting of mould under low temperature and moisture anoxybiotic situation.
(5) super strength water absorbent: by acrylamide, vinylformic acid, urea, four kinds of compositions of wilkinite synthetic multipolymer in the ionizing rays field, production technique is simple, and cost is low, and monomer-free is residual.
(6) cold-resistance agent: resist the spring sowing period chilling injury, improve winter resistance.
(7) permeate agent: promote behind the seed germination that suction is penetrated into seed inside and plays germicidal action in the effective constituent.
(8) trace element: be mainly molybdenum, boron, cobalt etc., promote soybean nodulation to produce.
(9) additive: it is to increase the seed pelleting hole that talcum powder mainly acts on, and favourable seed is breathed.
Plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of the present invention is mainly used in the plant seed dressing, transplant seedlings dip in that root, rooting of cuttings, dry powder are spreaded manuer in holes, drought resistance agent solution casting etc., have suction, water conservation, short bud, short root, cold-resistant, increase effect such as selenium, the seedling rate and the transplanting survival rate of seed have been improved, improve the selenium content of stress resistance of plant and fruit, have protective effect on cancer risk.Compared with prior art, the improvement of plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of the present invention is:
(1) super strength water absorbent among CN98114512.4, CN01131851.1, the CN200410013758.5 is all formed by two kinds of monomer radiation copolymerizations.Super strength water absorbent among the present invention is formed by four kinds of monomer radiation copolymerizations, and as skeleton, acrylamide, vinylformic acid and three kinds of monomers of urea are grafted on the wilkinite skeleton under radiation effect, obtain wilkinite and three monomer graft copolymers with wilkinite; Production technique is simple, can synthesize at normal temperatures, does not need inflated with nitrogen, and cost is low, and wilkinite, urea are cheap, and cost reduces more than 40%, and the product good salt tolerance is stablized resistance to compression.
(2) strengthened the plant establishment effect, many of roots are dark, increased substantially the plant drought ability.
(3) under low temperature and moisture anoxybiotic situation, plant the clothing agent and can discharge oxygen, breathe for seed, prevent that seed from going rotten.
(4) can promote cellular plasm to flow, improve cell viability, quicken plant-growth.
(5) behind the plant absorbing selenium, by the bio-transformation of farm crop, make inorganic selenium be converted into to the people safely, the organoselenium that has no side effect, improve the selenium content of farm crop, selenium-enriched food can improve the human body disease resistance, has protective effect on cancer risk.
(6) improve winter resistance, meet low temperature often in spring sowing, damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature appears in the seed of sprouting, and cold-resistance agent has the effect of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature of resisting.
(7) has preservative activity.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the super strength water absorbent of present embodiment is 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 by vinylformic acid, acrylamide, urea and wilkinite according to weight ratio: 0.5～1.0: 1.0～2.5 ratio is formed.
Embodiment two: the super strength water absorbent of present embodiment is 0.5: 0.5: 0.5 by vinylformic acid, acrylamide, urea and wilkinite according to weight ratio: 1.0 ratio is formed.
Embodiment three: the super strength water absorbent of present embodiment is 1.5: 1.5: 1.0 by vinylformic acid, acrylamide, urea and wilkinite according to weight ratio: 2.5 ratio is formed.
Embodiment four: the super strength water absorbent of present embodiment is 1: 1: 0.7 by vinylformic acid, acrylamide, urea and wilkinite according to weight ratio: 2 ratio is formed.
Embodiment five: the super strength water absorbent in the present embodiment is prepared according to following steps: a, preparation weight concentration are 20～40% the potassium acrylate aqueous solution; B, preparation weight concentration are 10～30% acrylamide solution; C, preparation weight concentration are 20～50% aqueous solution of urea; D, preparation weight concentration are 10～40% bentonite solution; E, be 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 with four kinds of aqueous solution among a～d according to monomer weight ratio: add 1～8wt.%KOH after 0.5～1.0: 1.0～2.5 the mixed, add 1～10 μ g/gN, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide places
60Shine in the Co γ radiation chamber, irradiation dose is 0.2～2.0KGy, section, oven dry, pulverizing, be finished product, the physical and chemical index of product is: pale powder, and water-soluble water-retaining agent, the dissolution rate in water are not influenced by pH, salt etc. there is good solvability, as iron(ic) chloride, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, borax, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, cobalt chloride, potassium permanganate, potassium primary phosphate, Repone K etc. are all had good intermiscibility.Also can mix to tensio-active agent, sequestrant, organic acid.Product is nontoxic, not skin irritation.Measure water absorbent rate with the natural filtration method, water absorbent rate is 550g/g.
Embodiment six: present embodiment is prepared super strength water absorbent according to following steps: a, preparation weight concentration are 30% the potassium acrylate aqueous solution; B, preparation weight concentration are 30% acrylamide solution; C, preparation weight concentration are 25% aqueous solution of urea; D, preparation weight concentration are 30% bentonite solution; E, be 1: 1: 0.7 with four kinds of aqueous solution among a～d according to monomer weight ratio: add 4wt.%KOH after 2 the mixed, add 2 μ g/g N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide places
60Shine in the Co γ radiation chamber, irradiation dose is 0.8KGy, and the irradiation back forms high-absorbent material, cuts into slices, dries, pulverizes, and is finished product.
Embodiment seven: the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of present embodiment is made up of super strength water absorbent 50～90, selenium element 0.1～7.0, plant-growth regulator 0.2～20, ease oxygen agent 0.3～10, antibiotic antiseptic 0.1～10, cold-resistance agent 0.02～2.0, permeate agent 0.01～1.0, trace element 0.16～16 and additive surplus according to weight percent.
In the present embodiment, described super strength water absorbent is prepared according to the method for embodiment two.
In the present embodiment, described selenium is Sodium Selenite.
In the present embodiment, described plant-growth regulator is one or more the mixture in sodium nitrophenolate, amine DA-6, biochemical fulvic acid, Nafusaku, the indolebutyric acid.
In the present embodiment, the agent of described ease oxygen is one or more the mixture in SPC-D, calcium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, the ammonium persulphate.
In the present embodiment, described antibiotic antiseptic is one or more the mixture in Sodium Benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium pentachlorophenate, dehydro-acetic acid, Tegosept M, sodium iodate, the potassium permanganate.
In the present embodiment, described cold-resistance agent is one or both in ethylene glycol, the calcium chloride.
In the present embodiment, described permeate agent is one or both in iso-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
In the present embodiment, described trace element is cobalt chloride, boric acid and ammonium molybdate.
In the present embodiment, described additive is a talcum powder.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent is made up of super strength water absorbent 70, selenium element 0.8, plant-growth regulator 2.0, ease oxygen agent 3.0, antibiotic antiseptic 2.5, cold-resistance agent 0.2, permeate agent 0.15, trace element 1.6 and additive surplus according to weight percent.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent is made up of super strength water absorbent 50, selenium element 0.1, plant-growth regulator 18, ease oxygen agent 8, antibiotic antiseptic 8, cold-resistance agent 0.02, permeate agent 0.01, trace element 14 and additive surplus according to weight percent.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment and embodiment seven were different is that the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent is made up of super strength water absorbent 88, selenium element 6.8, plant-growth regulator 0.2, ease oxygen agent 0.3, antibiotic antiseptic 0.1, cold-resistance agent 2.0, permeate agent 1.0, trace element 0.16 and additive surplus according to weight percent.
Embodiment 11: the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of present embodiment is according to weight percent super strength water absorbent 70, Sodium Selenite 0.7, sodium nitrophenolate 0.8, amine DA-6 0.4, biochemical fulvic acid 3.0, high-purity Nafusaku 0.025, indolebutyric acid 0.05, SPC-D 3.0, Sodium Benzoate 1.0, potassium permanganate 0.6, ethylene glycol 0.1, calcium chloride 0.1, iso-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate 0.06, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether 0.05, boric acid 1.0, cobalt chloride 0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.2, the talcum powder surplus.
The using method of present embodiment plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent is as follows:
1, seed pelleting: the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent is a pulvis, small packages, and every bag 20 grams are dissolved in 20 grams in 1 kg of water during use, mix 10 kilograms of seeds, can sow after drying.
2, transplant seedlings and dip in root:, rice shoot, sapling are dipped in the root cultivation 500 times of drought resistance agent dilutions.
3, rooting of cuttings: dilute 500 times, forest is dipped the cuttage after 30 minutes of cutting base portion.
4, dry powder is spreaded manuer in holes: every sapling 1～2 gram dry powder of spreading manuer in holes.
5, solution casting: with 2000 times of drought resistance agent dilutions, every hole is poured into a mould 400 ml solns, the vernalization sowing.
6, sapling is dipped in the root transportation: dip in the root transportation with 500 times of drought resistance agents, the root water conservation reduces moisture evaporation.
The plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of present embodiment and control group, CN01131851 organize relatively, carry out seedling rate, root system development simultaneous test, and test-results sees Table 1, table 2.
The corn seed seedling rate questionnaire of table 1 liang all clothing agent dressings
The long unit of seed root system questionnaire root of table 2 clothing agent not of the same race dressing: centimetre
If the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent seed pelleting of present embodiment is the B group, the CN01131851 dry farming seed coater is the A group, and dressing is not control group.Pot experiment, every group 3 basin (three repetitions), every basin is broadcast 20, and as can be seen from Table 1, A, B group seedling rate is all than control group height, and the B group improves 13.5% (p＜0.05), significant difference than the A group.
It is potted plant that seed pelleting is carried out in three all clothing agent, the root system development simultaneous test, and establishing the agent of CN98114512.4 drought resistant seed dressing is the A group, and the CN01131851.1 dry farming seed coater is the B group, and the rich selenium draught-resistant seed coating agent of present embodiment is the C group, and dressing is not control group.The results are shown in Table 2.As known from Table 2, more than the control group height, root length is 2.3 times of control group to the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent root system development of present embodiment (root length, radical), is 1.66 times of B group, is 1.75 times of A group; Radical is 3.15 times of control group, is 2.1 times of A, B group.Measure through the significance of difference, difference is extremely remarkable.The plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent that present embodiment is described obviously promotes root system development.
Embodiment 12: the proportioning of each composition of plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent sees Table 3 in the present embodiment.
Table 3 wt.%
| Super strength water absorbent | 70 | 55 | 65 | 78 | 85 |
| Sodium Selenite | 0.6 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 1.5 |
| Sodium nitrophenolate | 0.7 | 18 | 0.2 | - | - |
| Amine DA-6 | 0.4 | - | - | 1.0 | 3.0 |
| Biochemical fulvic acid | 3.0 | - | - | 0.8 | - |
| Nafusaku | 0.025 | - | 0.01 | - | 1.0 |
| Indolebutyric acid | 0.05 | - | - | 0.1 | - |
| SPC-D | - | - | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| Calcium peroxide | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | - | - |
| Hydrogen peroxide | - | 0.2 | 2.0 | 2.5 | - |
| Ammonium persulphate | - | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Sodium Benzoate | - | - | 0.1 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Potassium sorbate | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | - | - |
| Sodium pentachlorophenate | - | 1.0 | - | 0.1 | - |
| Dehydro-acetic acid | - | - | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Tegosept M | - | 3.0 | - | 0.5 | - |
| Sodium iodate | - | - | 2.0 | - | - |
| Potassium permanganate | 0.6 | - | 2.0 | - | - |
| Ethylene glycol | 0.12 | 1.5 | - | 0.2 | 1.0 |
| Calcium chloride | 0.11 | - | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| The iso-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | - |
| Fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether | 0.05 | - | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Cobalt chloride | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
| Boric acid | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Ammonium molybdate | 0.2 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
| Talcum powder | Surplus | Surplus | Surplus | Surplus | Surplus |
Claims (10)
1, super strength water absorbent, it is characterized in that described water-retaining agent is 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 by vinylformic acid, acrylamide, urea and wilkinite according to weight ratio: 0.5～1.0: 1.0～2.5 ratio is formed.
2, the preparation method of the described super strength water absorbent of claim 1 is characterized in that being prepared according to following steps: a, preparation weight concentration are 20～40% the potassium acrylate aqueous solution; B, preparation weight concentration are 10～30% acrylamide solution; C, preparation weight concentration are 20～50% aqueous solution of urea; D, preparation weight concentration are 10～40% bentonite solution; E, be 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 with four kinds of aqueous solution among a～d according to monomer weight ratio: add 1～8wt.%KOH after 0.5～1.0: 1.0～2.5 the mixed, add 1～10 μ g/gN, the N-methylene-bisacrylamide places
60Shine in the Co γ radiation chamber, irradiation dose is 0.2～2.0KGy, and section, oven dry, pulverizing are finished product.
3, be the plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent of raw material with the described super strength water absorbent of claim 1, it is characterized in that described drought resistance agent is made up of super strength water absorbent 50～90, selenium element 0.1～7.0, plant-growth regulator 0.2～20, ease oxygen agent 0.3～10, antibiotic antiseptic 0.1～10, cold-resistance agent 0.02～2.0, permeate agent 0.01～1.0, trace element 0.16～16 and additive surplus according to weight percent.
4, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that described selenium is Sodium Selenite.
5, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that described plant-growth regulator is one or more the mixture in sodium nitrophenolate, amine DA-6, biochemical fulvic acid, Nafusaku, the indolebutyric acid.
6, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that the agent of described ease oxygen is one or more the mixture in SPC-D, calcium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, the ammonium persulphate.
7, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that described antibiotic antiseptic is one or more the mixture in Sodium Benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium pentachlorophenate, dehydro-acetic acid, Tegosept M, sodium iodate, the potassium permanganate.
8, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that described cold-resistance agent is one or both in ethylene glycol, the calcium chloride.
9, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that described permeate agent is one or both in iso-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
10, plant rich in selenium drought resistance agent according to claim 3 is characterized in that described trace element is cobalt chloride, boric acid and ammonium molybdate; Described additive is a talcum powder.
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