CN1844478A - 一种太阳能电池薄膜材料的电化学沉积制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种太阳能电池薄膜材料的电化学沉积制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Pt] UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenous acid Chemical compound O[Se](O)=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021617 Indium monochloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorogallium Chemical compound [Ga]Cl XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种CuIn (1-x) GaxSe2太阳能电池薄膜材料的电化学沉积制备工艺。以Cu、In、Ga金属盐和亚硒酸为主要原料,溶于醇类或砜类有机试剂中为电解质;以金属钼片或不锈钢片为阴极,铂钛金属网为辅助电极,甘汞饱和电极为对电极;恒电位沉积制备CuIn (1-x) GaxSe2薄膜前驱体;后经清洗、吹干,氩气下的热处理获得CuIn (1-x) GaxSe2薄膜。本发明具有原料利用率高、成本低、工艺控制容易等优点。特别是本发明以醇类、砜类等有机试剂代替水为电解质溶剂,避免了在较负电位下电沉积过程中氢析出对CuIn (1-x) GaxSe2合金元素共沉积的影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种薄膜电阳电池光电转换材料,特别是一种CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2太阳能电池薄膜材料的电化学沉积制备工艺。
背景技术
太阳能在环境保护、可持续性发展等方面具有无可替代的优势。近年来,直接带隙材料薄膜太阳电池的开发成为新的研究热点,薄膜太阳电池只需几微米厚就能实现高效率的光电转换,是降低成本及提高光子循环的理想器件。在薄膜太阳电池研究中,CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2薄膜电池因具有成本低(仅为晶体硅太阳电池的1/10)、转换效率高(目前已达到19.3%)、稳定性好等特点而与成为最有希望的薄膜光伏器件之一。然而,CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2产品的开发却面临巨大挑战:生产工艺复杂(需要高真空、高温),工艺控制困难导致制备的薄膜材料性能差异大、重复性差;此外,由于CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2在较宽的化学计量比(原子比例)范围内都能形成有序陷缺化合物,这虽然有利于初步物相的形成,但却非常不利于物相精确计量比的控制。综上原因,大面积高性能CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2薄膜材料的制备成为难题。目前采用最多的物理气相沉积法在CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2薄膜生长机理研究方面有突出的优势,对薄膜的化学计量比控制也相对直接,但在物理气相沉积法蒸发沉积过程中,伴随着反蒸发过程同时发生,当基板面积增大时,反蒸发作用使各组份的均匀性控制变得非常困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述问题,提供一种CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2太阳能电池薄膜材料的电化学沉积制备工艺。
具体过程如下:将Cu、In、Ga金属盐和亚硒酸分别按元素摩尔浓度为0.01mol/L~0.02mol/L,0.02mol/L~0.03mol/L,0.02mol/L~0.04mol/L,0.01mol/L~0.04mol/L溶于醇类或砜类有机试剂中,并滴加稀硝酸调节PH值至1.5~4,获得电解质溶液;将经超声清洗的钼片或不锈钢片作为工作电极,大面积铂钛网作为辅助电极,甘汞饱和电极为参比电极;恒电位沉积获得CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2前驱体薄膜前驱体;该前驱体薄膜经冲洗,吹干后置入气氛炉中,在氩气保护下,升温至350-450℃热处理,保温30分钟后随炉自然冷却;冷却到低于50℃时,关闭氩气,开炉取样,制得CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2太阳能电池薄膜材料。
与现有物理气相沉积法等工艺相比,电化学制备CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2太阳能电池薄膜具有原料利用率高、成本低、工艺控制容易等优点。特别是本发明以醇类、砜类等有机试剂代替水为电解质溶剂,避免了在较负电位下电沉积过程中氢析出对CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2合金元素共沉积的影响,更有利于获得符合化学计量比的高性能CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2太阳电池薄膜材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备工艺流程图。
图2为本发明制备的CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2薄膜XRD物相分析。
图3为本发明制备的CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2薄膜SEM照片。
图4为本发明制备的CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2薄膜EDAX分析。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
以CuCl2,InCl3,GaCl3,H2SeO3为原料,按比例0.012mol/LCuCl2,0.025mol/LInCl3,0.025mol/LGaCl3,0.025mol/LH2SeO3,乙醇为溶剂配制电沉积溶液(电解质溶液),待溶液中的物质完全溶解后滴加稀硝酸至PH=1.5,通入氩气30分钟;采用三电极系统,以上述方法制得的溶液为电沉积溶液,铂网为阳极,钼片为阴极,甘汞饱和电极为参比电极,沉积电压为-5.5V(VS.SCE),沉积时间为10分钟,最后用氩气吹干获得CuIn1-xGaxSe2前驱体薄膜;将上述薄膜放入管式炉中,在氩气保护气氛下,以10℃每分钟的升温速度升温至450℃并保温30分钟,保温结束后切断电源,随炉自然慢冷;冷却到低于50℃时,关闭氩气,开炉取样。样品经XRD分析为CuIn1-xGaxSe2;经SEM分析,薄膜表面平整、无裂纹,晶型发育好,粒径分布较为均匀。
实施例2:
以CuCl2,InCl3,GaCl3,H2SeO3为原料,按比例0.012mol/LCuCl2,0.020mol/LInCl3,0.020mol/LGaCl3,0.025mol/LH2SeO3,二甲基亚砜为溶剂配制电沉积溶液(电解质溶液),待溶液中的物质完全溶解后滴加稀硝酸至PH=2,通入氩气30分钟;采用三电极系统,以上述方法制得的溶液为电沉积溶液,铂网为阳极,不锈钢片为阴极,甘汞饱和电极为参比电极,沉积电压为-5.5V(VS.SCE),沉积时间为10分钟,最后用氩气吹干获得CuIn1-xGaxSe2前驱体薄膜;将上述薄膜放入管式炉中,在氩气保护气氛下,以10℃每分钟的升温速度升温至450℃并保温30分钟,保温结束后切断电源,随炉自然慢冷;冷却到低于50℃时,关闭氩气,开炉取样。样品经XRD分析为CuIn1-xGaxSe2;经SEM分析,薄膜表面平整、无裂纹,晶型发育好,粒径分布较为均匀。
Claims (1)
1.一种太阳能电池薄膜材料的电化学沉积制备工艺,其特征在于:将Cu、In、Ga金属盐和亚硒酸分别按元素摩尔浓度为0.01mol/L~0.02mol/L,0.02mol/L~0.03mol/L,0.02mol/L~0.04mol/L,0.01mol/L~0.04mol/L溶于醇类或砜类有机试剂中,并滴加稀硝酸调节PH值至1.5~4获得电解质溶液;将经超声清洗的钼片或不锈钢片作为工作电极,大面积铂钛网作为辅助电极,甘汞饱和电极为参比电极;恒电位沉积获得CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2前驱体薄膜前驱体;该前驱体薄膜经冲洗,吹干后置入气氛炉中,在氩气保护下,升温至350~450℃热处理,保温30分钟后随炉自然冷却;冷却到低于50℃时,关闭氩气,开炉取样,制得CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2太阳能电池薄膜材料。
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Cited By (5)
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CN100481561C (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-04-22 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种提高聚合物薄膜太阳能电池效率的溶剂处理方法 |
CN100499183C (zh) * | 2007-01-22 | 2009-06-10 | 桂林工学院 | 一种太阳能电池薄膜材料的数字喷印制备工艺 |
CN101824638A (zh) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-08 | 深圳丹邦投资集团有限公司 | 一种电化学沉积铜锌锡硒半导体薄膜材料的方法 |
CN101764177B (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2011-04-06 | 南安市三晶阳光电力有限公司 | 一种硅基太阳能薄膜的制备方法 |
CN102741458A (zh) * | 2009-09-08 | 2012-10-17 | 西安大略大学 | 生产铜铟镓硒(cigs)太阳能电池的电化学方法 |
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US5730852A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1998-03-24 | Davis, Joseph & Negley | Preparation of cuxinygazsen (X=0-2, Y=0-2, Z=0-2, N=0-3) precursor films by electrodeposition for fabricating high efficiency solar cells |
US20040131792A1 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2004-07-08 | Bhattacharya Raghu N. | Electroless deposition of cu-in-ga-se film |
FR2849450B1 (fr) * | 2002-12-26 | 2005-03-11 | Electricite De France | Procede de regeneration d'un bain d'electrolyse pour la fabrication d'un compose i-iii-vi2 en couches minces |
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Cited By (7)
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CN100481561C (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-04-22 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种提高聚合物薄膜太阳能电池效率的溶剂处理方法 |
CN100499183C (zh) * | 2007-01-22 | 2009-06-10 | 桂林工学院 | 一种太阳能电池薄膜材料的数字喷印制备工艺 |
CN101764177B (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2011-04-06 | 南安市三晶阳光电力有限公司 | 一种硅基太阳能薄膜的制备方法 |
CN102741458A (zh) * | 2009-09-08 | 2012-10-17 | 西安大略大学 | 生产铜铟镓硒(cigs)太阳能电池的电化学方法 |
US9263610B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2016-02-16 | Chengdu Ark Eternity Photovoltaic Technology Company Limited | Electrochemical method of producing copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells |
CN102741458B (zh) * | 2009-09-08 | 2016-04-13 | 成都方舟久远光伏科技有限公司 | 生产铜铟镓硒(cigs)太阳能电池的电化学方法 |
CN101824638A (zh) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-08 | 深圳丹邦投资集团有限公司 | 一种电化学沉积铜锌锡硒半导体薄膜材料的方法 |
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