CN1840511A - Domestic garbage treatment method and its special fermentation room - Google Patents
Domestic garbage treatment method and its special fermentation room Download PDFInfo
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- CN1840511A CN1840511A CNA2005100114997A CN200510011499A CN1840511A CN 1840511 A CN1840511 A CN 1840511A CN A2005100114997 A CNA2005100114997 A CN A2005100114997A CN 200510011499 A CN200510011499 A CN 200510011499A CN 1840511 A CN1840511 A CN 1840511A
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Abstract
The related treatment method for domestic garbage comprises: adding 0.5-1.0% aerobic microbe into the fermentation room; breaking, air separating, and collecting exudate for standby; taking first fermentation for 15-25day to let water content in compost material as 30-40%, and collecting exudate for standby; adding aerobic microbe again and former exudates to keep water content as 45-55%for second static fermentation for 25-35day. This invention has well effect with low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Environmental Biotechnology field, especially a kind of treatment process of domestic refuse; The invention still further relates to the specific equipment of waste disposal method, specifically is a kind of fermenting storehouse of life refuse processing method.
Background technology
Garbage treatment is various countries, a world today questions of common interest.Because the difference of component of refuse, the processing mode of various countries (different zones) also is not quite similar.Separate waste collection is handled very general abroad, technology is comparative maturity also, burning method is arranged, landfill method etc., the defective of these existing methods mainly is disposable having high input, the running cost height, waste land resources, applying of inapplicable small and medium cities, and before in the biological compost technology compost maturity cycle longer, general 4～6 months, wanting to control rational aqueous vapor index in the composting fermentation process is difficult to, high-moisture influences impurity screening in the material, organic matter transformation become thoroughly decomposed and the finished product selected, the more important thing is " three wastes " treatment technology difficulty height, be difficult to up to standard.The fermentation cabin of existing domestic refuse all is small-sized closed anaerobism pot type fermentation cabin, and the running cost height is difficult to form large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The treatment process that the object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of cost is low, the processing cycle is short, can realize the domestic refuse of sewage zero-discharge;
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fermentation cabin of method special use of the present invention.
For achieving the above object, method of the present invention adopts the static aerobic composting fermentation technology continuously of storehouse formula, and presses kiloton rubbish industrial scale research and design, comprises the steps:
(1) adding of the rubbish in fermentation cabin concentration is 0.5%～1.0% aerobic microbiological, and add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a rubbish gross weight, utilizes common process and equipment to carry out broken bag, selection by winnowing again, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(2) will carry out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state first time through the rubbish that step (1) is handled 15～25 days, the water ratio that makes compost material is 30%～40%, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(3) adding concentration in the compost material of handling through step (2) is 0.5%～1.0% aerobic microbiological, add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a compost material gross weight, carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state second time 25～35 days, turn ventilation with general screening apparatus in the fermenting process, in compost material, replenish simultaneously collect in the aforementioned several steps ooze drop liquid and sanitary sewage/tap water, make the compost material water ratio remain on 45%～55%.Preferably, the water ratio of compost material is 35% in the step (2), and the water ratio of compost material is 40% in the step (3); Described aerobic microbiological is one or more in aerobic high-heat compost clostridium (Clostridium stercoriumsp.nov.), Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchnrei), aerobic Al Kut Bordetella (Kurthia) or the Pichia membranaefaciens (Piahia membranaefaciens).
Especially, also comprising the following steps: to utilize the conventional microorganism non-degradable impurity of mechanical automatic sorting system removal in the compost material that step (2) is handled between described step (2) and the step (3), it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; Also comprise the following steps: afterwards to continue to turn ventilation in step (3), stop moisturizing, make the water ratio of compost material reduce to 25%～30%, remove microorganism non-degradable impurity by the selecting system of routine again, obtain organic fertilizer with screening apparatus.
Particularly, in step (2) and/or step (3) and/or mechanical automatic sorting system removal microorganism non-degradable impurity step, in compost material, spray biological deodorant.
The fermentation cabin of method special use of the present invention comprises warehouse and base plate, wherein is provided with some ventilation water vents on described base plate.
The essence of domestic refuse composting process is Biochemical processes.Therefore, compost requires under certain condition, by the effect of original and inoculating microbe to organic waste generation biological action process.This process emphasizes that composting material is from organic sphere, and the composting process needs to carry out under dynamic conditions, makes domestic refuse material fermentation maturity within a certain period of time.Need numerous factors such as moisture, temperature, pH value, air flow to regulate in the compost, and control it with regular system.
Present method adopts the static aerobic composting fermentation technology continuously of storehouse formula, aerobic compost is under the condition of aerobic, borrow aerobic microbiological be used for carrying out.In the consumer garbage compost process, the dissolved organic matter matter in the organic waste sees through microbial cell wall and cytolemma and is absorbed by Institute of Micro-biology and to decompose; Solid and colloidal organism are earlier attached to outside the microbe, and the extracellular enzyme secreted by biology is decomposed into soluble substance, infiltrates cell again.Microorganism is by self biological activity one redox and biosynthetic process, a part of oxidation operation become or be decomposed into compounds such as small molecular organic acid, sugar, fermentation is decomposed (degraded) process and is emitted energy (heat energy), and the consumption large quantity of moisture makes the material that is fermented organise (mineralising).
At the fermentation initial period, glucose, fat, carbohydrate and the Mierocrystalline cellulose of easily degrading in the organism in thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and the fungi decomposition garbage compost decompose the heat that is produced and impel the compost material temperature to rise.When being raised to 40 ℃～50 ℃, temperature then enters thermophase in the subordinate phase of composting process.The psychrophile of compost initial period is dead gradually, the substitute is thermophile bacteria, and the heat that the thermophile bacteria growth is produced further makes compost temperature rise to 70 ℃ again.In temperature was 60 ℃～70 ℃ compost, except that some spores, most pathogenic micro-organism all can be dead in several hours, simultaneously, along with biological degradation, the animal and plant cell rupture, moisture oozes out.Because thermopositive reaction, large quantity of moisture is consumed.
Moisture is the important factor of keeping microorganism existence, guaranteeing microorganism growth in the whole process.Guaranteeing on certain air flow basis that it can reach suitable leavening temperature and 6.0～8.0 pH value by regulation and control fermentation time, water ratio, promotes that fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed as early as possible.Finally rubbish material is regulated and control to the low moisture state and provided special sorting condition for screening inorganic impurity and the difficult organic impurity that decomposes.
Advantage of the present invention is with positively effect: method of the present invention compare with waste disposal methods such as existing waste incineration method, landfill methods great advantage drop into exactly little, running cost is low, the processing cycle is short; Adopt special aqueous vapor balance adjustment technology to be used for static aerobic compost technical matters continuously in this technology, finally realize sewage zero-discharge; , screening selected for rubbish material provides the reasonable process condition, guarantees that rubbish reaches recycling after minimizing, harmless treatment.
The fermentation cabin advantage and the positively effect of method special use of the present invention are: owing to be provided with ventilative water vent on base plate, not only make the aerobic microbiological in the fermentation cabin that competent oxygen supply is arranged, easier survival, and help the specific water ratio of compost material maintenance, thereby can guarantee to shorten the processing cycle of rubbish.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of the treatment process of domestic refuse of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view in fermenting storehouse of the treatment process of domestic refuse of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the upward view of front view shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fermenting of the present invention storehouse comprises warehouse 1 and base plate 2, is provided with some ventilation water vents 3 on base plate 2, is provided with the waterways below base plate 2.The fermentation cabin of this kind structure can guarantee that on the one hand the compost material in the fermentation cabin has competent oxygen, so that aerobic microbiological uses; On the other hand, also convenient the discharge with the moisture in the compost material.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the embodiment of the treatment process of domestic refuse of the present invention in detail.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1.Treatment process of the present invention is primarily aimed at complicated domestic refuse, and it comprises the steps:
(1) when rubbish process rubbish blow tank, it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection;
(2) adding of the rubbish in fermentation cabin concentration is 0.5% aerobic high-heat compost clostridium, Lactobacillus buchneri microorganism, add-on is 1.0% of a rubbish gross weight, utilize common process and equipment to carry out broken bag, selection by winnowing again, destroy plastics bag, microorganism and rubbish are mixed, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(3) to the rubbish spray biological deodorant that is mixed with microorganism, and carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state first time 20 days, at this moment, rubbish becomes compost material, and when fermentation ends, the water ratio that makes compost material is 35%, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; In this static each time aerobic composting fermentation process continuously, can utilize outer air inducing, to increase the evaporation quantity of precipitation of compost material.Biological deodorant wherein is commercially available.
Microorganism non-degradable impurity such as the battery in the material, metal, masonry, it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; Automatically in compost material, spraying commercially available biological deodorant in the assorting room.
(5) be 0.9% aerobic Al Kut Bordetella to adding concentration in the compost material of step (4) processing, the Pichia membranaefaciens microorganism, add-on is 1.0% of a compost material gross weight, carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state second time 30 days, turn ventilation with general screening apparatus in the fermenting process, in compost material, replenish moisture content simultaneously, so that the compost material water ratio remains on 40%, moisture content wherein be collect in the step of aforementioned (1) to (4) ooze drop liquid, can also add sanitary sewage or tap water, for the second time in the composting fermentation process, can in compost material, spray commercially available biological deodorant at this.In this step, compost material can adopt bar heap formula static compost.
(6) continue to turn ventilation, stop moisturizing, make the water ratio of compost material reduce to 25%, remove microorganism non-degradable impurity by the selecting system of routine again, obtain organic fertilizer with screening apparatus.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 1.Treatment process of the present invention is primarily aimed at complicated domestic refuse, and it comprises the steps:
(1) when rubbish process rubbish blow tank, it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection;
(2) adding of the rubbish in fermentation cabin concentration is 1.0% aerobic high-heat compost clostridium, add-on is 0.5% of a rubbish gross weight, utilizes common process and equipment to carry out broken bag, selection by winnowing again, destroys plastics bag, microorganism and rubbish are mixed, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(3) to the rubbish spray biological deodorant that is mixed with microorganism, and carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state first time 15 days, at this moment, rubbish becomes compost material, and when fermentation ends, the water ratio that makes compost material is 40%, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; In this static each time aerobic composting fermentation process continuously, can utilize outer air inducing, to increase the evaporation quantity of precipitation of compost material.Biological deodorant wherein is commercially available.
Microorganism non-degradable impurity such as the battery in the compost material of mechanical automatic sorting system removal step (3) gained of (4) utilization routine, metal, masonry, it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; Automatically in compost material, spraying commercially available biological deodorant in the assorting room.
(5) be 0.7% aerobic Al Kut Bordetella to adding concentration in the compost material of step (4) processing, the Pichia membranaefaciens microorganism, add-on is 0.6% of a compost material gross weight, carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state second time 35 days, turn ventilation with general screening apparatus in the fermenting process, in compost material, replenish moisture content simultaneously, so that the compost material water ratio remains on 45%, moisture content wherein be collect in the step of aforementioned (1) to (4) ooze drop liquid, can also add sanitary sewage or tap water, for the second time in the composting fermentation process, can in compost material, spray commercially available biological deodorant at this.
(6) continue to turn ventilation, stop moisturizing, make the water ratio of compost material reduce to 30%, remove microorganism non-degradable impurity by the selecting system of routine again, obtain organic fertilizer with screening apparatus.
Embodiment 3:
Referring to Fig. 1.Treatment process of the present invention is primarily aimed at complicated domestic refuse, and it comprises the steps:
(1) when rubbish process rubbish blow tank, it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection;
(2) adding of the rubbish in fermentation cabin concentration is 0.8% aerobic high-heat compost clostridium, Lactobacillus buchneri microorganism, add-on is 0.7% of a rubbish gross weight, utilize common process and equipment to carry out broken bag, selection by winnowing again, destroy plastics bag, microorganism and rubbish are mixed, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(3) to the rubbish spray biological deodorant that is mixed with microorganism, and carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state first time 25 days, at this moment, rubbish becomes compost material, and when fermentation ends, the water ratio that makes compost material is 30%, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; In this static each time aerobic composting fermentation process continuously, can utilize outer air inducing, to increase the evaporation quantity of precipitation of compost material.Biological deodorant wherein is commercially available.
Microorganism non-degradable impurity such as the battery in the compost material of mechanical automatic sorting system removal step (3) gained of (4) utilization routine, metal, masonry, it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; Automatically in compost material, spraying commercially available biological deodorant in the assorting room.
(5) be 0.6% aerobic Al Kut Bordetella to adding concentration in the compost material of step (4) processing, add-on is 0.5% of a compost material gross weight, carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state second time 25 days, turn ventilation with general screening apparatus in the fermenting process, in compost material, replenish moisture content simultaneously, so that the compost material water ratio remains on 55%, moisture content wherein be collect in the step of aforementioned (1) to (4) ooze drop liquid, can also add sanitary sewage or tap water, for the second time in the composting fermentation process, can in compost material, spray commercially available biological deodorant at this.
(6) continue to turn ventilation, stop moisturizing, make the water ratio of compost material reduce to 27%, remove microorganism non-degradable impurity by the selecting system of routine again, obtain organic fertilizer with screening apparatus.
After method of the present invention was handled, rubbish always subtracts appearance can reach 90%, and resource utilization can reach more than 30%.
The domestic refuse water content is higher, and is average about 60%, and some regional water content can reach more than 70%, as to adopt method separating plastic, metal from domestic refuse such as machinery, organic matter, stone etc. be unusual difficulty, want to improve separating effect, must reduce the water ratio in the rubbish.One of composting fermentation process main purpose of static continuous good oxygen compartment type be exactly materials such as the pericarp, vegetables, the cupboard that make high-moisture in the rubbish be surplus through fermentation dehydration degraded, reduce the moisture in the material.The water that rubbish includes mostly is vegetable cell water, during biological degradation, and cell rupture, moisture oozes out, exists with membranaceous water at the storeroom majority, easily evaporation, thus reach quick precipitation.
Treatment process of the present invention adopts static aerobic fermentation composting process continuously, wherein uses special complex microorganism, helps Mierocrystalline cellulose in the material, protein, steatolysis, and the phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed is short; Compost fermentation divides low temperature, middle temperature, high temperature three phases, and leavening temperature reaches as high as 75 ℃ generally at 40 ℃～70 ℃.Present method composting cycle is 50～60 days.In fermentation cabin, rubbish material can make temperature of charge rise to 60 ℃～75 ℃ through the heat energy that aerobic microbiological effect metabolism produces after 2～4 days.Thermophilic fermentation (average 70 ℃) is about 15 days.The accumulated temperature that is produced is: (70 ℃～20 ℃) * 15 days=750 ℃
And the vaporization heat of 1kg water is 556 kilocalories, the water content of 1kg rubbish (average moisture content of rubbish is by 60%):
1kg×60％＝0.6kg
The vaporization heat that needs is:
0.6kg * 556 kilocalories/kg=333.6 kilocalorie
Unnecessary heat:
750 kilocalories～333.6 kilocalories=416.4 kilocalories
Static aerobic composting fermentation process continuously is an exothermic process, finally can make water heating in the compost become steam and drain.
Organic matter degradation arrives to a certain degree in compost material of the continuous good oxygen compartment type of static state, thermophile bacteria will stop growing owing to lacking suitable nutriment and moisture, and a large amount of useful microorganism During High-Temperature Composting clostridium, Lactobacillus buchneri microorganism can be dead.And when moisture is reduced to 35% left and right sides in the material, be the best period that adopts mechanical sorting, it is extremely important that the moisture content index of this process procedure is regulated control, impurity mechanical sorting efficient and volume reduction ratio example in its decision rubbish.
Guarantee compost quick composting at short notice, the material leavening temperature must keep 60 ℃～70 ℃ scopes, and water content keeps 45%～55%, the essential moisturizing in time of a compost material behind the mechanical sorting.The water source has promptly made full use of and has oozed the organic oxygen source that is rich in the draining mainly based on garbage percolation water, has solved the problem of sewage disposal discharging again, reaches resources circulation and utilizes.
For the second time compost adopts bar heap formula static compost, the fermentation time degree the best of becoming thoroughly decomposed about 30 days.Mechanical timer turns, and is convenient to the material ventilation, quickens the aqueous vapor evaporation, promotes precipitation.When the water content of secondary compost fermentation material was reduced to 25%～30% left and right sides, material became thoroughly decomposed fully.The prerequisite that guarantees mechanical removal of impurities (rubble, glass cullet etc.) efficient is that the water content of material is lower than 30%.
The present invention adopts the static aerobic composting fermentation technology continuously of storehouse formula, high insulating effect, and calorific loss is little.Because grid type ventilation slot technology is adopted in the fermentation cabin bottom, and the ventilation waterways is arranged, regularly ventilate and beat oxygen, help garbage degradation and moisture evaporation, shorten fermentation period greatly.Static for the first time aerobic composting fermentation aqueous vapor rate of evaporation continuously can reach more than 30%, and rubbish subtracts appearance and can reach more than 40%, and the innoxious sterilising effect of thermophilic fermentation is good.
The disposable treating refuse capacity of treatment process of the present invention is big, every holding capacity of bin 2～3 kilotons, and waste gas is convenient to focus on, and adopts biological spray deodorizing investment little, easy and simple to handle, effective.
In the treatment process of the present invention in for the second time static aerobic composting fermentation process continuously water content be controlled in 45%～55% scope, the fermentation medial temperature remains on about 65 ℃, help organic matter degradation, garbage composts such as Mierocrystalline cellulose in the material, protein, fat and become thoroughly decomposed the phase about 50 days, so the refuse treatment cycle is short; Moisturizing is to be the water source with the garbage leachate in second time static aerobic compost fermentation step, has both made full use of and has oozed the organic oxygen source that is rich in the draining, has solved the problem that sewage discharge is handled again, reaches resources circulation and utilizes, has realized sewage zero-discharge.
The static for the first time water ratio of aerobic composting fermentation material continuously is controlled at 35% in the treatment process of the present invention, and for the automatic sorting of machinery provides optimum process condition, screening efficiency height, screen rate are 90%～95%, and rubbish subtracts appearance more than 60%; When the water ratio of compost fermentation material was controlled at 40% left and right sides for the second time, mechanical removal of impurities such as rubble, glass cullet etc. were effective, and foreign matter content is lower than 0.8% in the fertilizer finished product.After the continuous aerobic composting fermentation technology of first and second time static state was handled, rubbish always subtracts appearance can reach 90%, and resource utilization can reach more than 30%.
Waste disposal method volume reduction ratio example of the present invention in sum is big, innoxious effective, and recycling rate height can embody low the input, and the characteristics of high production are handled and can be effectively controlled " three wastes " simultaneously, realize the zero release to sewage.
More than be good embodiment of the present invention, according to content disclosed by the invention, some identical, replacement schemes that those of ordinary skill in the art can expect apparently all should fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the treatment process of a domestic refuse is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) adding of the rubbish in fermentation cabin concentration is 0.5%～1.0% aerobic microbiological, and add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a rubbish gross weight, utilizes common process and equipment to carry out broken bag, selection by winnowing again, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(2) will carry out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state first time through the rubbish that step (1) is handled 15～25 days, the water ratio that makes compost material is 30%～40%, and it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously;
(3) adding concentration in the compost material of handling through step (2) is 0.5%～1.0% aerobic microbiological, add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a compost material gross weight, carried out the continuous aerobic composting fermentation of the static state second time 25～35 days, turn ventilation with general screening apparatus in the fermenting process, in compost material, replenish simultaneously collect in the aforementioned several steps ooze drop liquid and sanitary sewage/tap water, make the compost material water ratio remain on 45%～55%.
2. the treatment process of domestic refuse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprising the following steps: to utilize the conventional microorganism non-degradable impurity of mechanical automatic sorting system removal in the compost material that step (2) is handled between described step (2) and the step (3), it is standby that drop liquid is oozed in collection simultaneously; Also comprise the following steps: afterwards to continue to turn ventilation in step (3), stop moisturizing, make the water ratio of compost material reduce to 25%～30%, remove microorganism non-degradable impurity by the selecting system of routine again, obtain organic fertilizer with screening apparatus.
3. the treatment process of domestic refuse according to claim 2 is characterized in that: spray biological deodorant in compost material in step (2) and/or step (3) and/or mechanical automatic sorting system removal microorganism non-degradable impurity step.
4. according to the treatment process of claim 1,2 or 3 described domestic refuses, it is characterized in that the water ratio of compost material in the described step (2) is 35%.
5. according to the treatment process of claim 1,2 or 3 described domestic refuses, it is characterized in that the water ratio of compost material in the described step (3) is 40%.
6. the treatment process of domestic refuse according to claim 4 is characterized in that the water ratio of compost material in the described step (3) is 40%.
7. according to the treatment process of claim 1,2,3 or 6 described domestic refuses, it is characterized in that described aerobic microbiological is one or more in aerobic high-heat compost clostridium (Clostridiumstercorium sp.nov.), Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchnrei), aerobic Al Kut Bordetella (Kurthia) or the Pichia membranaefaciens (Piahia membranaefaciens).
8. the treatment process of domestic refuse according to claim 4 is characterized in that described aerobic microbiological is one or more in aerobic high-heat compost clostridium (Clostridium stercoriumsp.nov.), Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchnrei), aerobic Al Kut Bordetella (Kurthia) or the Pichia membranaefaciens (Piahia membranaefaciens).
9. the treatment process of domestic refuse according to claim 5 is characterized in that described aerobic microbiological is one or more in aerobic high-heat compost clostridium (Clostridium stercoriumsp.nov.), Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchnrei), aerobic Al Kut Bordetella (Kurthia) or the Pichia membranaefaciens (Piahia membranaefaciens).
10. the described fermentation cabin of claim 1 comprises warehouse (1) and base plate (2), it is characterized in that being provided with on described base plate (2) some ventilation water vents (3).
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| CN1092087C (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 2002-10-09 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Process for treatment of organic garbage of city |
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