CN102765976B - Slot type fermentation method - Google Patents
Slot type fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102765976B CN102765976B CN201210210825.7A CN201210210825A CN102765976B CN 102765976 B CN102765976 B CN 102765976B CN 201210210825 A CN201210210825 A CN 201210210825A CN 102765976 B CN102765976 B CN 102765976B
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- fermenter
- fermentation
- slot type
- fermentation method
- fermentation tank
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The present invention relates to a slot type fermentation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) building a fermentation tank with a brick-concrete structure under the ground or on the ground; (2) hardening the fermentation tank bottom with concrete, uniformly arranging 1-3 ventilation channels, and arranging steps, with width of 10-15cm and 5cm from the fermentation tank bottom, on two long edges of the ventilation channels; (3) setting up a supporting permeable plate on the steps to cover the ventilation channels; and (4) uniformly piling materials to be fermented in the fermentation tank to start the fermentation. By adopting the method of the invention, the fermentation tank bottom is overhead, and does not need forced ventilation, so as to greatly save equipment investment, energy consumption, and production cost of organic fertilizer, as well as reduce the ammonia escape and odor volatilization; besides, by adopting the support permeable plate, excessive moisture in the material to be treated can also permeate to the fermentation tank bottom through the permeable plate to facilitate fermentation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compost fermentation method, particularly relate to that a kind of bottom is built on stilts exempts from Slot type fermentation method of ventilating, belong to organic fertilizer production technical field.
Background technology
Fertilizer is mainly derived from plant residue and (or) animal excrements, imposing on soil to provide plant nutrition is the organic materials of its major function, through biological substance if plant residue and animal excrements are as materials processings such as ight soil, venomous injurant is wherein eliminated by compost fermentation, be rich in a large amount of benefit materials, comprise the abundant nutrition element of the inorganic nutrients such as multiple organic acid, soil ulmin and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.Can not only provide full nutrition for farm crop, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increases and upgrade the soil organism, promote soil microorganisms breeding, improve physico-chemical property and the biological activity of soil.In composting production process, the link such as air-dry of the stirring of fermented material, ventilation and matured compost is the main power consumption link in organic fertilizer production process.In current composting fermentation process, high pressure ventilation pump or stirrer is mainly utilized to carry out mechanical forced ventilation to supply microbial activities necessary oxygen, so not only increase facility investment, eliminate a large amount of electric energy, also the ammonia in compost and foul smell can be taken out of when ventilating simultaneously and cause fermentation field atmospheric pollution, and greatly reduce the nitrogen content of fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bottom to make somebody a mere figurehead and exempt from Slot type fermentation method of ventilating, to increase work efficiency, reduce costs and prevent atmospheric pollution.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention have employed a kind of Slot type fermentation method, comprises the following steps: (1) builds out the fermenter of brick mix structure on subsurface or ground; (2) also evenly offer 1-3 air drains with concrete hardening bottom fermenter, two long limits of air drain are stayed apart from the dark 5cm in fermenter bottom surface, the step of wide 10-15cm; (3) on step, erection supports porous disc and covers air drain; (4) material homogeneous reactor to be fermented is placed in whole fermentation vat can start fermentation.
In described step (1), the groove height of fermenter is 1.1-1.3m, groove width 3.0-7.0m, flute length 50-70m.
Ditch depth 15-the 20cm of the air drain in described step (2), furrow width 45cm, ditch grows to fermentation vat two ends and respectively stretches out 1.0-1.2m.
Treating described in step (4) ferments material water point content requirement 50%-65%, piles high 1.0-1.2m, stirs weekly once, within 10-15 days, complete one time fermentation.
Described support porous disc respectively stretches out 1.0-1.2m at fermenter two ends.
Described support porous disc is preferably bamboo basketry.
Adopt method of the present invention, built on stilts bottom fermentation vat, do not need forced ventilation, greatly save facility investment, energy consumption, reduce organic fertilizer production cost, decrease the volatilization with foul smell that escapes of ammonia simultaneously; And adopting support porous disc, in pending material, excess water also can be infiltrated at the bottom of fermentation vat by porous disc, is conducive to fermentation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the variation diagram adopting the mode of process 1 temperature in composting process in experimental example;
Fig. 2 is the variation diagram adopting the mode of process 2 temperature in composting process in experimental example;
Fig. 3 is the variation diagram adopting the mode of process 3 temperature in composting process in experimental example.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Slot type fermentation method of the present invention, comprises the following steps: (1) builds out the fermenter of brick mix structure on subsurface or ground, and the groove height of fermenter is 1.1m, groove width 7.0m, flute length 70m; (2) also evenly offer 2 air drains, the ditch depth 15cm of air drain, furrow width 45cm with concrete hardening bottom fermenter, ditch grows to fermentation vat two ends and respectively stretches out 1.0m, two long limits of air drain is stayed apart from the dark 5cm in fermenter bottom surface, the step of wide 10cm; (3) on step, erection supports porous disc and covers air drain; (4) material homogeneous reactor to be fermented is placed in whole fermentation vat can start fermentation; Treating fermentation material water point content requirement at 50%%, C/N than 25 described in step (4), piling high 1.0m, stir weekly once, within 10 days, complete one time fermentation.
Embodiment 2
Slot type fermentation method of the present invention, comprises the following steps: (1) builds out the fermenter of brick mix structure on subsurface or ground, and the groove height of fermenter is 1.3m, groove width 5.0m, flute length 60m; (2) also evenly offer 3 air drains, the ditch depth 15cm of air drain, furrow width 45cm with concrete hardening bottom fermenter, ditch grows to fermentation vat two ends and respectively stretches out 1.0m, two long limits of air drain is stayed apart from the dark 5cm in fermenter bottom surface, the step of wide 10cm; (3) on step, erection supports porous disc and covers air drain; (4) material homogeneous reactor to be fermented is placed in whole fermentation vat can start fermentation; Treating fermentation material water point content requirement at 65%, C/N than 30 described in step (4), piling high 1.2m, stir weekly once, within 15 days, complete one time fermentation.
Experimental example
1 materials and methods
Handling object is fresh cattle manure, and water content is 72%, organic carbon C, N content be respectively 36.4% and 2.52%, C/N ratio be 14.4.For moisture regulate material be sawdust, water content is 17%, when fermented material moisture being adjusted to about 65% with sawdust, the organic C of material and N be respectively 38 ~ 39% and 2.3 ~ 2.6%(in table 2), C/N ratio increases to 14 ~ 17%.Compost fermentation pond is the cement pit of 1m × 1m × 1m.Test process is as follows:
Without ventilation bottom process 1, fermentation vat, normally stir;
Process 2, treatment process of the present invention: the bottom built on stilts about 10cm of bamboo basketry, bottom fermentation vat, built on stilts natural ventilation, normally stirs.
10cm+ mechanical forced ventilation is maked somebody a mere figurehead in process 3, bottom bamboo basketry, normally stirs.
Gas blower (HSR100) selected by test, power is 7.5Kw, and pressure 49kpa, peak flow Q are 3.5m
3/ min.Duration of test was at interval of ventilation in 40 minutes 20 minutes, and therefore on average every day, aeration time was 8 hours.
The Elemental characters of material before table 1 compost
When compost starts rear every morning 10 and evening 10 time carry out temperature measuring, until when temperature drops to below 40 DEG C at upper and lower (being in 25cm and 75cm place respectively from bottom to top) two positions in compost pond.Keep good air permeability to make material and make fermentation even, weekly fermented material all being taken out after being uniformly mixed and reinstall fermentation vat.Stir the pH of rear sampling and measuring compost, moisture content and organic C and full N content etc.
2 results and discussion
The change of temperature in 2.1 composting process
From the temperature variation of this test, although the C/N of moisture content and material is in optimum range than all in process 1, except upper temp rise very fast and higher except, temperature of lower rising is slower, after 3 days, compost upper temp rises to about 53 DEG C, and temperature of lower only rises to about 32 DEG C (Fig. 1).Make fermented material contact fresh oxygen through stirring, air permeability have also been obtained improvement, and thus from second week, temperature of lower rises to some extent, but top temperature only rises to about 47 DEG C.After entering the 3rd week, compost top and the bottom temperature is just stabilized in the scope of 52-55 DEG C.After the fermentation of 4 weeks, compost temperature does not still obviously decline at about 50 DEG C, show that the activity of microorganism in composting material is still comparatively active, also reflect that the time that is comparatively slow, that complete compost one time fermentation needs of compost fermentation speed in this process is long but then, be thus unfavorable for the fast processing of feces of livestock and poultry.
Make somebody a mere figurehead with bamboo basketry bottom compost pond in process 2, thus considerably increase the natural diffuseness area of air to compost inside, so compost temperature rises also accelerate (Fig. 2).Within about 3 days, upper back temperature just reaches about 60 DEG C, and temperature of lower also rises to 50 DEG C.After stirring, second week compost top and the bottom temperature rises faster, enters 4th week compost temperature and is just down to less than 40 DEG C.As can be seen here, the one time fermentation of process 2 can meet the innoxious required requirement of composting material, and namely the high temperature of more than 60 DEG C needs maintenance more than 10 days.In addition, from temperature variation, the fermenting speed of process 2 is also obviously accelerated, and within making compost one time fermentation time shorten to 1 month, thus improves the throughput of fertilizer.
From compost temperature change (Fig. 3), make somebody a mere figurehead bottom compost pond and adopt the measures such as forced-ventilation to make the temperature of compost top and the bottom increase and all greatly accelerate, after approximately passing through 24 hours, the upper and lower spot temperature of compost just reaches more than 50 DEG C, after 3rd day, in compost, temperature all reaches more than 70 DEG C up and down, and the high temperature of 70 DEG C maintains the time reaching two weeks continuously.After entering the 3rd week, temperature drops to less than 40 DEG C gradually, and after stirring, 4th week compost temperature does not also significantly rise, and shows that the one time fermentation of compost terminates substantially.As can be seen here, this process not only ensure that carries out effective innoxious required temperature and time, and the one time fermentation time is also shortened to about 3 weeks.
2.2 different treatment are on the impact of water evaporation quantity
In this test, also different owing to processing the different compost temperature lift velocity caused, after the heap corruption fermentation of surrounding, water evaporation quantity also differs larger.Process 1 is slow because compost temperature rises, temperature is low, so moisture content, still up to about 60%, has evaporated the moisture of about 146.1kg in surrounding after the heap corruption of surrounding, processes 2 with water evaporation quantity in process 3 then up to 167kg and 194kg(table 3).This shows that process 2 and process 3 are all conducive to moisture evaporation in composting process, but to process 3 best results.
Fermenting speed owing to processing 1 in this test is slow, temperature is low, thus through surrounding heap corruption fermentation after N element rate of loss about about 4%.On the contrary, process 3 is because fermenting speed is fast, temperature is high, and thus N element rate of loss is also up to 13%.In view of this, while taking measures to promote compost fermentation, the loss of compost N element is too increased.Therefore, need employing measure to reduce Ammonia valatilization and air conservation aborning.
The physicochemical character of table 3 compost after surrounding compost fermentation
3 brief summaries
Process 2 is without forced-ventilation device and composting process can meet innoxious requirement completely, thus processes 2 and not only saves facility investment, and can save working cost.In this test, every day can save 60 kilowatts. hour electricity.
Claims (5)
1. a Slot type fermentation method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: (1) builds out the fermenter of brick mix structure on subsurface or ground; (2) also evenly offer 1-3 air drains with concrete hardening bottom fermenter, two long limits of air drain are stayed apart from the dark 5cm in fermenter bottom surface, the step of wide 10-15cm; (3) on step, erection supports porous disc and covers air drain; (4) material homogeneous reactor to be fermented is placed in whole fermenter can start fermentation;
Treating described in step (4) ferments material water point content requirement 50%-65%, piles high 1.0-1.2m, stirs weekly once, within 10-15 days, complete one time fermentation.
2. Slot type fermentation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), the groove height of fermenter is 1.1-1.3m, groove width 3.0-7.0m, flute length 50-70m.
3. Slot type fermentation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the ditch depth 15-20cm of the air drain in described step (2), furrow width 45cm, and ditch grows to fermenter two ends and respectively stretches out 1.0-1.2m.
4. Slot type fermentation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described support porous disc respectively stretches out 1.0-1.2m at fermenter two ends.
5. the Slot type fermentation method according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that: described support porous disc is preferably bamboo basketry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210210825.7A CN102765976B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | Slot type fermentation method |
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| CN201210210825.7A CN102765976B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | Slot type fermentation method |
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| CN102765976A CN102765976A (en) | 2012-11-07 |
| CN102765976B true CN102765976B (en) | 2015-01-07 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105503305A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-04-20 | 北京丰泰民安生物科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer trough-type aeration fermenting production process and trough-type fermenting tank |
| CN108064487A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 沈阳建筑大学 | A kind of improvement soil that mixes is reclaimed the method in desert |
| CN107673785A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-09 | 安庆市华劲农化有限责任公司 | A kind of aerobic fermentation method for the slot type organic fertilizer that ferments |
| CN112341257A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-09 | 青州乙木农业科技有限公司 | Geosyncline film-covered continuous fermentation device and method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006116529A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-05-11 | Hisakazu Ikeda | Drying method for organic matter, product by the method and its drying device |
| CN1840511A (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-04 | 中国农业大学 | Domestic garbage treatment method and its special fermentation room |
| CN201842743U (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-05-25 | 东台市华祥牧业有限公司 | Swine waste treatment device |
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- 2012-06-25 CN CN201210210825.7A patent/CN102765976B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006116529A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-05-11 | Hisakazu Ikeda | Drying method for organic matter, product by the method and its drying device |
| CN1840511A (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-04 | 中国农业大学 | Domestic garbage treatment method and its special fermentation room |
| CN201842743U (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-05-25 | 东台市华祥牧业有限公司 | Swine waste treatment device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 静态好氧发酵仓堆肥处理城市垃圾;冯其林;《武汉城市建设学院学报》;19901231;第7卷(第4期);第82-86页 * |
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Inventor after: Li Shunyi Inventor after: Wang Yan Inventor after: Li Yuhong Inventor after: Wang Keke Inventor after: Lu Aqian Inventor after: Zhang Yali Inventor before: Wang Yan Inventor before: Li Shunyi Inventor before: Li Yuhong Inventor before: Wang Keke Inventor before: Lu Aqian |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: WANG YAN LI SHUNYI LI YUHONG WANG KEKE LU AQIAN TO: LI SHUNYI WANG YAN LI YUHONG WANG KEKE LU AQIAN ZHANG YALI |
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