CN105503305A - Organic fertilizer trough-type aeration fermenting production process and trough-type fermenting tank - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer trough-type aeration fermenting production process and trough-type fermenting tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN105503305A CN105503305A CN201610036476.XA CN201610036476A CN105503305A CN 105503305 A CN105503305 A CN 105503305A CN 201610036476 A CN201610036476 A CN 201610036476A CN 105503305 A CN105503305 A CN 105503305A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer trough-type aeration fermenting production process and a trough-type fermenting tank. The process comprises the following steps: sending a premixed material into a fermenting tank, and naturally fermenting, wherein the height of the material is 2m or higher; turning and stirring once a day during the fermenting period; fermenting for 5 to 7 days at the temperature of 50 DEG C or higher; when the temperature is 45 to 70 DEG C, maintaining the intermittent ventilation, and continuously ventilating when the temperature is excessively high or low; fermenting the material until the temperature no longer increases and begins to decrease and the water content is 40 percent or less, carrying out the windrow post-ripening fermentation, turning during the windrow post-ripening fermentation period, and when the temperature no longer increases, reducing the water content to be 30 percent or less. The trough-type fermenting tank is of a cuboid trough-type structure, the top of the trough-type fermenting tank is open, the bottom surface is of a slope and is subjected to the waterproof treatment, a water drainage ditch is formed on the bottom of the slope, an aeration pipeline comprising an aeration opening is embedded in the bottom surface, and an air inlet of the aeration pipeline is connected with an aeration fan. The process is short in fermenting time, easy to control, high in organic nutrient content and capable of realizing the continuous mass production by adopting the trough-type fermenting tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer production technical field, particularly a kind of organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique and trough type fermentation pond.
Background technology
Fertilizer has played very important effect in the traditional agriculture of China, in recent years due to the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizer, causes soil organism minimizing and soil microorganisms bacterial diversity and function thereof to reduce.Therefore, the inexorable trend that research and development fertilizer becomes agricultural fertilizer development is continued.
Mainly with Animal fecal pollution and crop material in fertilizer, also have green manure, grouts, plant ash etc. solid agriculture wastes as raw material, made by zymotechnique.
Be used for by fermentation the mode of production making fertilizer for by solid agriculture wastes, mainly contain " fermentation of bar buttress formula ", " tower (pot type) ferments " and " trough type fermentation " etc.
Wherein, " fermentation of bar buttress formula " technique, looser to site requirements, invest little, easy and simple to handle, shortcoming is that production process is rough, quality product is difficult to control, and pollutes comparatively large to production site surrounding enviroment, is applicable to peasant or a small amount of fermentation of organic wastes production of raiser.
" tower (pot type) ferments " technique, advantage is that whole fermenting process can strictly control, the organic fertilizer product steady quality produced, neat and tidy in production process, and environmental pollution is little; Shortcoming is that front-end investment is comparatively large, and production cost is higher and turnout is less, cannot meet extensive organic waste treatment requirement.
" trough type fermentation " technique, is the middle scheme between above two kinds of techniques, invests moderate, and throughput is comparatively large, and production link is easy to manipulation, less for surrounding enviroment impact, is applicable to a large amount of organic waste and focuses on needs.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102765976A(date of publication 2012.11.07) disclose a kind of Slot type fermentation method, comprise the following steps: (1) builds out the fermenter of brick mix structure on subsurface or ground; (2) concrete hardening of fermenter bottom surface also evenly offers 1 ~ 3 air drain, two long limits of air drain is stayed apart from the dark 5cm in fermenter bottom surface, the step of wide 10 ~ 15cm; (3) on step, erection supports porous disc and covers air drain; (4) material homogeneous reactor to be fermented is placed in whole fermentation vat can start fermentation.The method is owing to passing through the material in porous disc support slot, and in material, excess water infiltrates at the bottom of fermentation vat by porous disc, easy polluted underground water.Existing fermenter material handling, highly usual below 1.5 meters, material processing power is limited.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, handled thing doses in existing fertilizer trough type fermentation technique is little, the problem such as foul waste gas contaminate environment in polluted underground water and fermenting process, the invention provides the organic fertilizer trough type fermentation production technique that a kind of production efficiency is high, treatment capacity is large, gained fertilizer nutrient content is high.
Organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) the premix material of water content 50 ~ 60% is sent into fermentation vat and carry out spontaneous fermentation, height of materials more than 2 meters in fermentation vat, between yeast phase, every day turns over to throw and stirs material once; In fermenting process, the time of leavening temperature more than 50 DEG C is needed to be 5 ~ 7 days; When temperature of charge is lower than 45 DEG C, in material, constant ventilation oxygen supply promotes that fermentable is to improve temperature of charge, and when temperature of charge is higher than 70 DEG C, in material, constant ventilation reduces temperature of charge, when temperature of charge is at 45 ~ 70 DEG C, keeps intermittent and ventilates;
(2) fermentation is no longer risen to temperature of charge and is started to drop to less than 45 DEG C, when moisture content is below 40%, and heap bar buttress afterripening fermentation, period carries out turning operation, carries out airing and dry to water content less than 30% to temperature after no longer raising.
Zymotechnique of the present invention is applicable to the trough type fermentation of feed height more than 2 meters, and when this feed height, in premix material, water content need control between 50 ~ 60%, and water content is too low or too highly all can cause longer fermentation times, and fertilizer nutrient loss increases.During the fermentation, oxygen level in material and temperature is controlled by the adjustment of draft type, to guarantee the biologos that microorganism in material (main utilization aerobic microbiological wherein) is remained valid, organic matter in abundant fermentation decomposing materials, but practice shows to rely on merely ventilation that material fermentation can not be made even, therefore must in conjunction with turning over throwing operation.Temperature of charge generally has two kinds of situations lower than 45 DEG C, and one is earlier fermentation, and microbial activities is also inactive, needs supplemental oxygen, promotes microbial activities, and promote temperature, another kind of situation is after having fermented, and microbial activities stops, and temperature just reduces.Whenever, ventilate and all can temperature be reduced the short period of time, but after supplemental oxygen, microorganism has enlivened, temperature will soon be gone up.Fermentation latter temperature is all more than 60 DEG C, along with fermentation enters coda, microbial activities is tending towards stopping, temperature can decline and stablize, even if continue ventilation oxygenation, temperature also can not increase again again, therefore by node that detected temperatures no longer raises, the fermentation having completed this stage can be determined, next step afterripening fermentation stage can be entered.Afterripening fermentation, without the need to ventilating, only needs interval turning several times, easy to operate.In fermenting process, moisture content controls the mode that can adopt spray watering.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic fertilizer trough type fermentation production technique, it is ventilated 30 minutes every one hour that described intermittence is ventilated.Because material have 2 meters thick, each aeration ensures 30 minutes, can ensure aeration best results, and namely material oxygenation is without dead angle, and our monitoring, ventilated 1 as a child, oxygen content can reach threshold value, needs supplemental oxygen.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic fertilizer trough type fermentation production technique, described temperature of charge is as the criterion with the temperature of 0.8 ~ 1 meter of depths under material surface in fermentation vat.Temperature acquisition district selects 0.8 ~ 1 meter of this regional compare dark representative, too top and on the lower, has ectocine.
The fertilizer obtained is produced, also within protection scope of the present invention by above arbitrary described organic fertilizer trough type fermentation production technique.
A kind of trough type fermentation pond provided by the invention is rectangular parallelepiped trench structure, and top is opened wide, the bottom surface of described fermentation vat is a slope and makes WATER REPELLENT, and be provided with waterways bottom slope, bottom surface is embedded aerated conduit, aerated conduit is provided with aeration opening, and aerated conduit inlet mouth is connected with Aeration fan.Arrange at the bottom of slope and slope and arrange waterways mainly conveniently draining, water naturally flows to waterways along slope by action of gravity and discharges, and guarantees that the water that in fermenting process, microbial strains activity produces is discharged in time.Described slope refers to that fermentation vat bottom surface is horizontal by certain angle, and preferably between 4 ~ 6 °, the too large material of angle easily slides, and the too little water that cannot effectively produce in water conservancy diversion material of angle, does not have drainage.
Preferably, the above trough type fermentation pond, dark 2 meters of fermentation vat, wide 4 meters, long 90 ~ 100 meters, fermentation vat bottom surface and sidewall are concrete placement and form, and the position that inner bottom surface both sides, pond combine with long sidewall is provided with the drainage tray of depression, and bottom thickness is more than 20 centimetres.By doing WATER REPELLENT and increasing pond base thickness degree, ensure that the sewage of fermentation can not permeate the ground polluted underground water further.
Preferably, the above trough type fermentation pond, the At The Height of fermentation vat inherent distance 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, bottom surface is provided with temperature sensor, multiple section is divided into along its length in fermentation vat, each section all arranges a control unit, and control unit controls the ventilation levels of aeration opening by the temperature detecting this section.Every segment length is with 5 meters of the bests.Multiple section Discrete control, is more conducive to the carrying out continuing feeding fermenting process in continuous seepage, realizes batch continuous seepage.
Preferably, above arbitrary described organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique, described fermentation vat is above arbitrary described trough type fermentation pond.Adopt fermentation vat of the present invention to coordinate slot type fermentation manufacturing technique, batch organic fertilizer production efficiently can be realized.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, technical scheme of the present invention, trough type fermentation stage material loads height more than 2 meters, and process batch is large; The mode of intermittent ventilation is adopted to control material oxygen level in fermenting process, oxygen needed for abundant guarantee aerobic microbiological and leavening temperature, reduce external environment to the impact of material fermentation, the too high microbial activity caused of the too low and stuffy local temperature caused of the temperature avoiding continuous ventilating to cause declines simultaneously.Effective shortening production cycle.
2, the mode adopting temperature no longer to raise, to judge the end time of fermenting twice, controls the rotten degree of fertilizer better, makes nutrient content in product fertilizer high, quality better.
3, be divided into some junior units and control fermentation condition separately, batch continuous seepage can be realized, enhance productivity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the trough type fermentation production technological process of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view in trough type fermentation pond; Reference numeral: 1 long sidewall, 2 bottom surfaces, 3 aerated conduits, 4 short sidewalls, 5 aeration opening.
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand the present invention program better, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Please refer to Fig. 2, trough type fermentation pond of the present invention, for rectangular parallelepiped trench structure, top is opened wide, dark 2 meters, wide 4 meters, long 90 ~ 100 meters, fermentation vat bottom surface and sidewall are concrete placement and form, bottom surface 2 thickness is more than 20 centimetres and make WATER REPELLENT, bottom surface 2 is horizontal by the angle of 5 °, form a slope, waterways (not shown) is provided with bottom slope, the position that pond inner bottom surface 2 both sides combine with long sidewall 1 is provided with the drainage tray (not shown) of depression, bottom surface 2 is embedded aerated conduit 3, aerated conduit offers aeration opening 5, the inlet mouth of aerated conduit 3 is connected with Aeration fan.
The At The Height of fermentation vat inherent distance 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, bottom surface is provided with temperature sensor (not shown), multiple section is divided into along its length in fermentation vat, each section all arranges a control unit, and control unit controls the ventilation levels of aeration opening by the temperature detecting this section.
Please refer to Fig. 1, organic fertilizer trough type fermentation production process of the present invention is as follows:
1, feed intake: according to formula rate, the raw materials such as chicken manure, cow dung, crop material are added fermented bacterium (auxiliary material) premix in time in premix workshop.The moisture of mixture should control at 50% ~ 60%, C/N=25 ~ 35:1.
2, groove fermentation is entered:
After raw material that every day enters is mixed with auxiliary material in time, with shovel loader, mixture is loaded trough type fermentation pond specified altitude (pan feeding thickness is 2m) and ferment.Material utilizes chain-plate type turnover throwing machine in fermentation vat, advance every day 5 meters (i.e. every day pan feeding 40 cubic metres), during the fermentation, fermentation vat is a fermentation unit in the scope of every 5 meters along its length, Aeration fan and every 5 meters of pipeline are a control unit, carry out stage aeration.The ventilation that aerating system carries out gas explosion amount according to the temperature conditions of every section of material controls.I.e. 2.5 meters of, 7.5 meters of, 12.5 meters of, 17.5 meters of in each fermentation unit mid-way ... a temperature sensor is installed, sensor is in material 0.8 ~ 1 meter of depths, and when temperature is lower than 45 DEG C, sensor controls blower fan and starts working, oxygen is provided, promotes the activity of microorganism; When temperature is higher than 70 DEG C, sensor controls blower fan and works once again, to reduce the temperature of fertile heap.When temperature is in 45 ~ 70 DEG C, blower fan is set as auto-switch state, and concrete switching frequency is: close 1 hour, opens 30 minutes; Maintain leavening temperature 50 ~ 55 DEG C or more 5 ~ 7 days, guarantee the index such as induced worm egg death rate, Escherichia coli flora number, meet fertilizer NY525-2012 requirement.In fermenting process, every day carries out 1 time and turns over throwing, until temperature no longer rises and starts to decline.This process is generally 15 ~ 20 days.
3, discharging: ferment after 15 ~ 20 days in fermentation vat, when temperature no longer raise and drop to 45 °, moisture less than 40% time material after transfer out afterripening fermentation district.
4, afterripening fermentation: in afterripening fermentation workshop, heap bar buttress carries out secondary fermentation, within secondary fermentation process every 3 days, carries out a turning.Secondary fermentation is after 20 days, and after bank is reduced to less than 40 DEG C (generally 35 DEG C) and no longer raises, fermenting process completes, and transports to work in-process district with shovel loader and transfer roller.
5, finished product processing: below water content≤30% is dried in work in-process airing, pulverizes, sieve apparatus sieves, and to transport to finished product district to be packaged for transfer roller.
6, quality examination: sampling detection pH, organic matter, total nutrient, water content substandard product optionally return operation 2 or 8 respectively, and qualified product carry out next step.
7, quality examination artificial judgment material becomes thoroughly decomposed: the material brown fermented or chocolate, should not have ammonia taste, and other stink; The meal should not touched with one's hand is pinched with hand; Light Earthy Taste should be had.
8, packaging warehouse-in: qualified dried material is packed when there being sales goal.
9, get on the bus and dispatch from the factory: packaged fertilizer finished product is got on the bus, dispatches from the factory.
Test basis: NY525-2012 " organic fertilizer ", Interventions Requested comprise organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total nutrient, moisture, pH, total cadmium, total chromium, total lead, total mercury, total arsenic, excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate etc.
Fertilizer quality examination table
The explanation of above embodiment just understands core concept of the present invention for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the premix material of water content 50 ~ 60% is sent into fermentation vat and carry out spontaneous fermentation, height of materials more than 2 meters in fermentation vat, between yeast phase, every day turns over to throw and stirs material once; In fermenting process, the time of leavening temperature more than 50 DEG C is needed to be 5 ~ 7 days; When temperature of charge is lower than 45 DEG C, in material, constant ventilation oxygen supply promotes that fermentable is to improve temperature, and when temperature of charge is higher than 70 DEG C, in material, constant ventilation reduces temperature, when temperature of charge is at 45 ~ 70 DEG C, keeps intermittent and ventilates;
(2) fermentation is no longer risen to temperature of charge and is started to drop to less than 45 DEG C, when moisture content is below 40%, and carry out heap bar buttress afterripening fermentation, period carries out turning operation, carries out airing and/or dry to water content less than 30% to temperature after no longer raising.
2. organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is ventilated 30 minutes every one hour that described intermittence is ventilated.
3. organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described temperature of charge is as the criterion with the temperature of 0.8 ~ 1 meter of depths under material surface in fermentation vat.
4. organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described premix material comprises fowl and animal excrement, crop material and organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial classification, and add water adjustment water content.
5. produce by the arbitrary described organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique of claim 1 ~ 4 fertilizer obtained.
6. a trough type fermentation pond is rectangular parallelepiped trench structure, and top is opened wide, it is characterized in that, the bottom surface of described fermentation vat is a slope and makes WATER REPELLENT, is provided with waterways bottom slope, bottom surface is embedded aerated conduit, and aerated conduit is provided with aeration opening, and aerated conduit inlet mouth is connected with Aeration fan.
7. trough type fermentation pond according to claim 6, is characterized in that, dark 2 meters of fermentation vat, wide 4 meters, long 90 ~ 100 meters, fermentation vat bottom surface and sidewall are concrete placement and form, and the position that inner bottom surface both sides, pond combine with long sidewall is provided with the drainage tray of depression, and bottom thickness is more than 20 centimetres.
8. trough type fermentation pond according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the At The Height of fermentation vat inherent distance 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, bottom surface is provided with temperature sensor, multiple section is divided into along its length in fermentation vat, each section all arranges a control unit, and control unit controls the ventilation levels of aeration opening by the temperature detecting this section.
9. according to the arbitrary described organic fertilizer slot type aerated fermentation production technique of claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that, described fermentation vat is the arbitrary described trough type fermentation pond of claim 6 ~ 8.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107603872A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-19 | 江西瑞赛可生态科技股份有限公司 | The aerobic fermentation technique of solid material |
| CN107673785A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-09 | 安庆市华劲农化有限责任公司 | A kind of aerobic fermentation method for the slot type organic fertilizer that ferments |
| CN108395294A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-08-14 | 成都若初农业有限公司 | A kind of agricultural waste fermentation at organic fertilizer application technology as the second resource |
| CN111377762A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-07 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Closed fermentation processing and preparation system for solid organic materials |
| CN112110753A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-22 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | In-situ treatment method and system for vegetable straws and livestock and poultry manure |
| CN112939642A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-11 | 江西省三余环保节能科技股份有限公司 | High-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer processing equipment and processing method thereof |
| CN115010521A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-06 | 刘学勤 | Organic fertilizer preparation process |
| US12084393B1 (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2024-09-10 | John J. Moriarty | Method and system for producing enhanced fertilizer from poultry waste |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107673785A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-09 | 安庆市华劲农化有限责任公司 | A kind of aerobic fermentation method for the slot type organic fertilizer that ferments |
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| CN107603872B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2021-05-18 | 高安宝迪生态农业科技有限公司 | Aerobic fermentation process for solid material |
| CN108395294A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-08-14 | 成都若初农业有限公司 | A kind of agricultural waste fermentation at organic fertilizer application technology as the second resource |
| CN111377762A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-07 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Closed fermentation processing and preparation system for solid organic materials |
| CN112110753A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-22 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | In-situ treatment method and system for vegetable straws and livestock and poultry manure |
| CN112939642A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-11 | 江西省三余环保节能科技股份有限公司 | High-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer processing equipment and processing method thereof |
| CN115010521A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-06 | 刘学勤 | Organic fertilizer preparation process |
| US12084393B1 (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2024-09-10 | John J. Moriarty | Method and system for producing enhanced fertilizer from poultry waste |
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Inventor after: Miao Wanyou Inventor before: Miao Wanyou Inventor before: Liu Qi Inventor before: Liang Wanhe Inventor before: Wang Qinghua Inventor before: Zhao Yuan Inventor before: Tian Tao Inventor before: Zhao Zengyi Inventor before: Zhao Wang |
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Application publication date: 20160420 |