CN102351581A - Sludge fermentation method and organic fertilizer prepared by the method - Google Patents
Sludge fermentation method and organic fertilizer prepared by the method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102351581A CN102351581A CN2011101757246A CN201110175724A CN102351581A CN 102351581 A CN102351581 A CN 102351581A CN 2011101757246 A CN2011101757246 A CN 2011101757246A CN 201110175724 A CN201110175724 A CN 201110175724A CN 102351581 A CN102351581 A CN 102351581A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sludge fermentation method and organic fertilizer prepared by the method. The sludge fermentation method comprises the following steps of: A. adjusting a sludge water content to 55-65% and a C/N value to 27-33; B. a first fermentation composting: uniformly stirring the sludge and sending to a fermenting installation to establish a fermentation pile with a fermentation temperature of 52-57 DEG C, a pH of 7-8 for 60-80 h; C. carrying out a second fermentation composting at 58-63 DEG C with a pH of 7-8 for 50-80 h. The invention employs a two-step aerobic composting to reduce a decomposing time of a traditional windrow sludge composting from 30-40 d to 110-160 h, so as to shorten a fermentation period, increase composting efficiency and enhance sludge treatment capability. The method of the invention suits for rapid composting of medium and small sludge factory and livestock culturing farm, etc.; because of no concentrating composting required, secondary pollution caused by processes like transportation is reduced; in addition, quality of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method meets a health standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sludge fermentation method, relate to a kind of treatment process of two step of mud aerobic fermentation particularly.
Background technology
Along with China's urbanization of villages and city size enlarge, the annual domestic sludge that produces is on the increase, and domestic sludge is converted into fertilizer, not only environmental protection but also can resource circulation utilization.Indigenous microorganism in the traditional bar buttress sludge composting method general using raw material is degradation of organic substances at normal temperatures, but treatment capacity is few, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is grown (30-40 days), easily secondary pollution arranged.
At present, domestic sludge manure disposal is mostly adopted and is concentrated compost, and concentrated composting mode relatively is fit to metropolitan large-scale wastewater treatment plant, and the mud that is fit to middle or small sewage treatment on the spot the fertilizer technology do not see detailed research report as yet.For example, 8 medium-sized municipal sewage plants in Xiamen are distributed in different zones, and mud centrally disposes and can produce the secondary pollution in depositing, transporting, and visible, mud fertilizerization on the spot is to select preferably.Therefore, explore a kind of suitable sludge composting technology, the sewage disposal of several thousand small and medium-sized cities of China is had important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide two step method fermented manure technology such as ventilation, temperature control, and the utilization of quick composting technology in middle or small sewage treatment, livestock-raising factory is provided.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is following:
A kind of sludge fermentation method may further comprise the steps:
A, mud is adjusted to moisture content 55-65%, C/N value 27-33;
B, fermented manure for the first time: deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, at leavening temperature 52-57 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 60-80h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: at leavening temperature 58-63 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 50-80h.
More preferably, the fermented manure temperature is 55 ℃ for the first time, PH7.7.
More preferably, the fermented manure temperature is 60 ℃ for the second time, pH value 7.7.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, compost can adopt composting devices such as fermentation vat formula, storehouse formula or tunnel like.These composting devices are that prior art and can buying obtains.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, steps A be adjusted into the adding agricultural organic waste, described agricultural organic waste comprises a kind of or its mixture in culture medium of edible fungus tankage, tobacco leaf slag, corn cob, the agricultural crop straw etc.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, add the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed among step B and the step C respectively, the add-on of the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: by weight, 8-15% compost weight.The effect of amendment of becoming thoroughly decomposed is for organism of fermentation better growing environment to be provided.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds among the step B, the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds among the step B, its main component comprises soybean cake powder 27-31%, starch 68-72%, KH
2PO
40.8-1.2% is modulated to moisture 44-46%, PH7.1-7.3; The amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds among the step C, its main component comprise soybean cake powder 19-23%, starch 76-80%, KH
2PO
40.8-1.2% is modulated to moisture 50-54%, PH 7.3-7.6.These compositions of the present invention are decided according to the nourishing and growing of different microorganisms in different fermentations stage, can allow organism of fermentation fully grow.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, after fermented manure finishes for the first time, before the fermented manure, compost is carried out complete stirring for the second time.Stirring is handled and can be promoted raw material to contact with air, strengthens the vigor of microorganism in the aerobic fermentation heap body, thereby improves composting efficiency and compost quality.
The present invention can also add and be used to the biotechnological formulation that becomes thoroughly decomposed that ferments in right amount in step B and/or step C.Contain microorganisms such as corrupt clostridium in these preparations.These preparations are commercialization at present, can buy from market to obtain.These biotechnological formulations can strengthen or the biological inoculum of afterfermentation, regulate the flora structure of compost in producing.In an embodiment of the present invention, then be to utilize microorganism self-contained in the mud to ferment, do not add the biotechnological formulation that becomes thoroughly decomposed separately.
A kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, it adopts aforesaid sludge fermentation method preparation.
At present, report shortens the research of compost fermentation time both at home and abroad, in large-scale aerobic buttress, tunnel fermentation, adds aspect the microbial inoculum and the processing of taking grain out of a granary to sun it mostly.Two step method static compost zymotechnique provided by the invention, that is: one-step fermentation compost temperature 52-57 ℃, 58-63 ℃ of two stage fermentation compost temperature; Twice compost temperature fully covered the multiple high temperature microbial growth temperature range of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Adjust its air flow according to full carbon variation, temperature variation, the rate of emergence index of substrate digest process in real time again; Thereby the mud of a kind of less investment is provided, technology is simple and easy, fermentation period is short, occupation of land is few is compost method on the spot.
The present invention adopts two step aerobic composts, and the 30-40 days time of becoming thoroughly decomposed of traditional bar being piled up neatly sludge composting method is reduced to 110-160h, shortens fermentation period, has improved composting efficiency greatly, has improved the processing power of mud.The present invention is applicable to the high-rate composting in places such as medium and small mud factory and livestock culturing field, owing to need not to concentrate compost, has reduced the secondary pollution of processes such as transportation.Because leavening temperature of the present invention is high, at 52-63 ℃, can effectively remove pathogenic agent, parasitic ovum, so the organic fertilizer that the present invention processes can be used safely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the growth curve of digest process;
Fig. 2 is the relation of effect and temperature of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
1 materials and methods
1.1 material, equipment
The amendment 11.1 become thoroughly decomposed: become thoroughly decomposed amendment M501, MA502, M501 are mainly by soybean cake powder 29%, starch 70%, KH
2PO
41% constitutes, and is modulated to moisture 45%, PH7.1-7.3; MA502 is mainly by soybean cake powder 21%, starch 78%, KH
2PO
41% constitutes, and is modulated to moisture 52%, PH7.3-7.6.
11.2 substratum, composting material: beef-protein medium; Improvement Gause I substratum; The Ma Dingshi substratum, substratum that bacterium, fungi, actinomycetic starch hydrolysis experiment, gelatin hydrolysis test, cellulase activity are measured and counting substratum thereof.Domestic sludge is from stone Weihe, Xiamen sewage work, moisture 59～81%, full carbon 52% (butt), full nitrogen 1.9% (butt); Mushroom soil is from the green mark biotechnology in Xiamen company (the culture medium of edible fungus tankage add amendments such as an amount of tobacco leaf slag), moisture 21～29%, full carbon 30～39% (butt), full nitrogen 1.1% (butt).Mud and mushroom soil are made into 13: 7 (w/w), full carbon 41%, moisture 60%, C/N value 27～33, as composting material.
11.3 plant and instrument: the WDP microorganism is used incubator more, intelligent illumination box, counting apparatus for bacteria, colony counter and plastics tray etc.The long 4.6m of storehouse formula compost reactor, wide 2.0m, high 2.1m, configuration air quantity 21m
3The calorifier of/min (normal temperature to 90 ℃) and time rly. are available from the green mark biotechnology in Xiamen company.Wherein, bottom 02m height cushions, leads pollution layer as air-blowing, air-flow, so that distinguished and admirable equably through ventilating hole channel entering in-vessel composting system, and can collect percolate it is discharged; Bulkhead is processed with warming plate, and does corrosionproof protection, continue to use 2 years still intact; About 200m is taken up an area of in the compost workshop of ten reactors
2, about 1500 tons of year processing mud.
1.2 method
1.2.1 process of the test: this test continued to carry out from year November in February, 2009 to 2010, used storehouse formula compost reactor, adopted the technology mode of two step method static fermentation compost, forced ventilation and temperature control.During the one-step fermentation compost, add 8-15% (w/w) the amendment MA502 that becomes thoroughly decomposed; During the two stage fermentation compost, add 8-15% (w/w) the amendment M501 that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature, ventilation by calorifier, temperature controller, time relay control fermented manure.Get the equivalent sample respectively at each point for measuring temperature and carry out mixing, sample is divided into 2 parts, and portion is bright appearance, is stored in 4 ℃ of refrigerators, is used for mensuration and the bacteria suspension preparation of water ratio etc., and another duplicate samples dry storage is subsequent use.
1.2.2 the mensuration of the optimum temps of one-step fermentation compost, pH value and growth curve thereof: with composting material, respectively culture temperature (℃) be 50,52,55,58,60 next step storehouse formula static composts, accurately pipette sample under the 75h.Each is handled and repeats (down together) for 6 times.The pH of raw material is adjusted to 6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,7.7,8.0,8.5 respectively, and 55 ℃ of next step storehouse formula static composts of temperature accurately pipette sample under the 71h.The mensuration of one step storehouse formula static compost growth curve is 5,10,15,20,24,28,33,36,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80 times at incubation time (h), accurately pipettes sample.Measure bacterium, actinomycetes and fungi quantity and total count thereof respectively with microscope direct-counting method, the method for plate culture count
[20-21]Measure full carbon with potassium bichromate titrimetric method, measure full nitrogen with the semimicro Kjeldahl determination
[22]Measure total count and carry out data analysis, confirm its optimum temperature range and pH value through DPS software.
1.2.3 the optimum temps of two stage fermentation compost and the mensuration of growth curve thereof: with the composting material of pH7.7, at 55 ℃ of next step storehouse formula static composts; With the complete stirring of composting material, carry out two step storehouse formula static composts at 71h, continue respectively temperature (℃) be 55,58,60,63,65, water ratio 50% time accurately pipettes sample during 65h.The mensuration of two step storehouse formula static compost growth curves is the same.Detection method is the same, confirms the optimum temps of two stage fermentation compost with this.
1.2.4 the mensuration of the best air flow of two step method static fermentation compost: with the composting material of pH7.7, at 55 ℃ of next step storehouse formula static composts, blowing that circulates (hot blast in good time) and blow off wind.At 71h with the complete stirring of composting material, at 60 ℃ of following two step storehouse formula static composts, at 71h to 136h time period circulate blowing (in good time hot blast) and blow off wind.Confirm its best air flow according to the full carbon variation of substrate digest process, temperature variation, rate of emergence index.Rate of emergence index (GI) is measured
[6]Adopt cucumber seeds (middle section 968).
2 results and analysis
2.1 the mensuration of the optimum temps of one-step fermentation compost, pH value and flora growth curve thereof
Temperature, pH value to the one-step fermentation compost have been made mensuration, and the result sees table 1～2.
Temperature effect microbial growth, existence; Only under suitable temperature, the microorganism-decomposing microbial inoculum just can have the effect of stronger decomposing organic matter.Table 1 data show that between 52 ℃～58 ℃, growing microorganism is all very fast, and total count is 1.4 * 10
7Individual/g～2.1 * 10
7Individual/g; The full carbon of substrate reduces to 34～36%.The optimum growth temperature that can confirm this flora thus is 55 ℃.
Influence that the factor of heap temperature mainly contains in the composting process, composting material, moisture content, organic content, pH value, C/N value, air flow, unit weight, hole and variation of ambient temperature rate etc.; And the solid heat conductance is poor, and on the heat production peak, heap temperature sharply rises, easily the appearance temperature gradient.Research shows that the temperature monitoring that reactor is good can improve the success ratio of compost and the quality of composting production with control.Therefore, the storehouse formula compost reactor of this test adopts cross-ventilated thermolysis to come the accumulation of balance microbial metabolism activity heat production.
Table 2 data show, between pH7～8, all can grow, and the bacterium number is maximum when pH7.7, reaches 2.6 * 10
7Individual/g.PH8.5 is above with pH6 when following, and this flora is grown relatively poor, and the bacterium number is obviously less, and growing microorganism, carbon consumption are all slower.
The bacterium amount of table 1 one-step fermentation compost and the relation of temperature
Table?1?Relationship?between?the?biomass?and?the?temperature?of?the?first-step?compost
Annotate: significance P＜0.05 significant difference, represent with lowercase; P＜0.01 difference is extremely remarkable, representes with capitalization; Down together.Note：P＜0.05：significant?difference，expressed?by?small?letter；P＜0.01：very?significant?difference，expressed?by?capital?letter；the?same?blow.
The bacterium amount of table 2 one-step fermentation compost and the relation of pH
Table?2?Relationship?between?the?biomass?and?the?pH?of?the?first-step?compost
2.3 the mensuration of the optimum temps of two stage fermentation compost and flora growth curve thereof
Experiment shows that between 58 ℃～63 ℃, growing microorganism is all very fast, and total count is 2.3 * 10
7Individual/g～2.6 * 10
7Individual/g, actinomycetes, fungi be growth preferably also; The full carbon of substrate reduces to 29～31%.Can confirm that thus growth temperature is 60 ℃, the result sees Fig. 2.
Decomposition plays an important role corrupt clostridium to the protein in the mud, and bacstearothermophilus, aspergillus niger carry out at its excretory catalyzed by amylase the hydrolysis of starch
[20-22]It is thus clear that decomposing microbial inoculum must be made up of many bacterial strains or mushroom, they must cooperatively interact, act synergistically, and just can reach the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
2.4 the mensuration of the best air flow of two step method static fermentation compost
Bar buttress aerobic compost volume is bigger, the temperature of compost, the more bad control of oxygen level, and for this reason, the design of the compost reactor volume of this test is moderate, can allow air evenly contact fully with raw material.Experiment shows that at 0h～24h, oxygen requirement is less adjustment period of the compost bacterial strain, ventilation 3min, stops 25min, and the heap body does not need warm air just can be warmed up to 55 ℃, and it is identical that its heating curve and bar are piled up neatly aerobic compost.At 24h～71h, the compost bacterial strain is more in logarithmic phase, balance period oxygen requirement, need only adjust generally speaking aeration time just can controlled temperature about in the of 55 ℃, visible, it is similar that the temperature curve of a step composting process and bar are piled up neatly aerobic compost.The two step composting process designs of this test are based on temperature curve and the correction of strain growth condition of bar buttress aerobic compost.At 71h～113h, this moment, nutritive ingredient such as water-soluble organic carbon reduced, become thoroughly decomposed the heat energy that produces also deficiency keep become thoroughly decomposed 60 ℃ of temperature of substrate, at this moment just need a spot of warm air.In the compost later stage, the microbial metabolism activity is slowed down, and this storehouse formula compost reactor will make the heap temperature substantially constant through the heat effect of warm air.But also must consider the influence of convection of air, prevent the moisture excessive loss moisture evaporation.The result sees table 3.
The air flow experiment and the result of table 3 bin aerobic compost
Table?3?Experiments?and?results?of?ventilation?volume?in?storage?aerobic?compost?of?sludge
Through above processing, after mud is transformed into organic fertilizer, can be used for agricultural fertilizer.
Embodiment two
A kind of sludge fermentation method may further comprise the steps:
A, mud is adjusted to moisture content 55%, full carbon ratio 45%, C/N value 27 with the culture medium of edible fungus tankage;
B, fermented manure for the first time: adjusted mud adds 10% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and this its main component of amendment of becoming thoroughly decomposed comprises soybean cake powder 27%, starch 72%, KH
2PO
41%, be modulated to moisture 44%, PH7.1, deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, 52 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 7, fermentation 80h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: the compost after the fermentation adds 12% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed for the first time, and its main component comprises soybean cake powder 20%, starch 78.8%, KH
2PO
41.2%, be modulated to moisture 50%, PH 7.6, after turning is stirred, 63 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 8, fermentation 50h.
Other method of present embodiment and operation and embodiment one are basic identical.Through above processing, after mud is transformed into organic fertilizer, can be used for agricultural fertilizer.
Embodiment three
A kind of sludge fermentation method may further comprise the steps:
A is adjusted to moisture content 65%, full carbon ratio 40-44%, C/N value 33 with the culture medium of edible fungus tankage with mud;
B, fermented manure for the first time: adjusted mud adds 8% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and this its main component of amendment of becoming thoroughly decomposed comprises soybean cake powder 31%, starch 68.2%, KH
2PO
40.8%, be modulated to moisture 46%, PH7.3, deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, 57 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 7.3, fermentation 60h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: the compost after the fermentation adds 15% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed for the first time, and its main component comprises soybean cake powder 23%, starch 76%, KH
2PO
41%, be modulated to moisture 50%, PH 7.6, after turning is stirred, 58 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 8, fermentation 80h.
Other method of present embodiment and operation and embodiment one are basic identical.Through above processing, after mud is transformed into organic fertilizer, can be used for agricultural fertilizer.
Above-mentioned only is specific embodiment of the present invention, but design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and allly utilizes this design that the present invention is carried out the change of unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior of invading protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. sludge fermentation method may further comprise the steps:
A, mud is adjusted to moisture content 55-65%, C/N value 27-33;
B, fermented manure for the first time: deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, at leavening temperature 52-57 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 60-80h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: at leavening temperature 58-63 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 50-80h.
2. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the fermented manure temperature is 55 ℃ for the first time, PH7.7.
3. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the fermented manure temperature is 60 ℃ for the second time, pH value 7.7.
4. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: compost adopts fermentation vat formula, storehouse formula or tunnel like composting device.
5. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: steps A be adjusted into the adding agricultural organic waste.
6. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: add the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed among step B and the step C respectively, the add-on of the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed does, by weight, 8-15% compost weight.
7. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds among the step B, its main component comprise soybean cake powder 27-31%, starch 68-72%, KH
2PO
40.8-1.2% is modulated to moisture 44-46%, PH7.1-7.3; The amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds among the step C, its main component comprise soybean cake powder 19-23%, starch 76-80%, KH
2PO
40.8-1.2% is modulated to moisture 50-54%, PH 7.3-7.6.
8. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: after fermented manure finishes for the first time, before the fermented manure, compost is carried out complete stirring for the second time.
9. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in step B and/or step C, add the biotechnological formulation that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
10. the preparation method of an organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the described sludge fermentation method preparation of this organic fertilizer employing claim 1.
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| CN105001007A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Method for manufacturing organic fertilizer with orange peels and municipal sludge as main raw materials and organic fertilizer |
| CN105084693A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-11-25 | 吴永忠 | Biological high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology of sludge |
| CN106032338A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-19 | 陈温乐 | Method for rapidly manufacturing organic fertilizer |
| CN107285940A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-10-24 | 洛阳茂生生物技术有限公司 | Salt-soda soil is improved in the method for planting plants using the sludge nutritional media of preparation |
| CN108164293A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 蚌埠圻润环境工程科技有限公司 | A kind of method of quick raising urban life sludge aerobic fermentation rate |
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