CN102351581B - Sludge fermentation method - Google Patents
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- CN102351581B CN102351581B CN2011101757246A CN201110175724A CN102351581B CN 102351581 B CN102351581 B CN 102351581B CN 2011101757246 A CN2011101757246 A CN 2011101757246A CN 201110175724 A CN201110175724 A CN 201110175724A CN 102351581 B CN102351581 B CN 102351581B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a sludge fermentation method and organic fertilizer prepared by the method. The sludge fermentation method comprises the following steps of: A. adjusting a sludge water content to 55-65% and a C/N value to 27-33; B. a first fermentation composting: uniformly stirring the sludge and sending to a fermenting installation to establish a fermentation pile with a fermentation temperature of 52-57 DEG C, a pH of 7-8 for 60-80 h; C. carrying out a second fermentation composting at 58-63 DEG C with a pH of 7-8 for 50-80 h. The invention employs a two-step aerobic composting to reduce a decomposing time of a traditional windrow sludge composting from 30-40 d to 110-160 h, so as to shorten a fermentation period, increase composting efficiency and enhance sludge treatment capability. The method of the invention suits for rapid composting of medium and small sludge factory and livestock culturing farm, etc.; because of no concentrating composting required, secondary pollution caused by processes like transportation is reduced; in addition, quality of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method meets a health standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sludge fermentation method, relate to particularly a kind for the treatment of process of mud two step aerobic fermentations.
Background technology
Along with China's urbanization of villages and city size enlarge, the annual domestic sludge produced is on the increase, and domestic sludge is converted into to fertilizer, not only environmental protection but also can resource circulation utilization.Indigenous microorganism in traditional bar buttress sludge composting method general using raw material is degradation of organic substances at normal temperatures, but treatment capacity is few, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is grown (30-40 days), easily secondary pollution arranged.
At present, domestic sludge manure disposal mostly adopts concentrates compost, and concentrated composting mode relatively is applicable to metropolitan large-scale wastewater treatment plant, and the mud that is applicable to middle or small sewage treatment on the spot the Fertilizer Transformed technology there is not yet detailed research report.For example, 8 medium-sized municipal sewage plants in Xiamen are distributed in different zones, and mud centrally disposes and can produce the secondary pollution in depositing, transporting, and visible, mud Fertilizer Transformed on the spot is to select preferably.Therefore, explore a kind of suitable sludge composting technique, the sewage disposal of several thousand small and medium-sized cities of China is had important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the two-step fermentation composting technology such as ventilation, temperature control, and the utilization of quick composting technology in middle or small sewage treatment, livestock-raising factory is provided.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A kind of sludge fermentation method comprises the following steps:
A, mud is adjusted to moisture content 55-65%, C/N value 27-33;
B, fermented manure for the first time: deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, at leavening temperature 52-57 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 60-80h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: at leavening temperature 58-63 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 50-80h.
More preferably, the fermented manure temperature is 55 ℃ for the first time, PH7.7.
More preferably, fermented manure temperature 60 C for the second time, pH value 7.7.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, compost can adopt the composting devices such as fermentation vat formula, storehouse formula or tunnel like.These composting devices are that prior art also can be bought and obtain.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, being adjusted into of steps A adds agricultural organic waste, and described agricultural organic waste comprises a kind of or its mixture in culture medium of edible fungus tankage, tobacco leaf slag, corn cob, agricultural crop straw etc.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, add respectively the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed in step B and step C, the add-on of the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: by weight, 8-15% compost weight.The effect of amendment of becoming thoroughly decomposed is to provide better growing environment for organism of fermentation.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed added in step B, the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed added in step B, its main component comprises soybean cake powder 27-31%, starch 68-72%, KH
2pO
40.8-1.2%, be modulated to moisture 44-46%, PH7.1-7.3; The amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed added in step C, its main component comprises soybean cake powder 19-23%, starch 76-80%, KH
2pO
40.8-1.2%, be modulated to moisture 50-54%, PH 7.3-7.6.These compositions of the present invention are determined according to the nourishing and growing of different microorganisms in different fermentations stage, can allow organism of fermentation fully grow.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, after fermented manure finishes for the first time, before fermented manure, compost is carried out to complete stirring for the second time.Stirring is processed and can be promoted raw material to contact with air, strengthens the vigor of microorganism in aerobic fermentation heap body, thereby improves composting efficiency and compost quality.
The present invention, in step B and/or step C, can also add the biotechnological formulation that becomes thoroughly decomposed for fermenting in right amount.Contain the microorganisms such as corrupt clostridium in these preparations.These preparations are commercialization at present, can buy and obtain from market.These biotechnological formulations can strengthen or the biological inoculum of afterfermentation, regulate the flora structure of compost in producing.In an embodiment of the present invention, be to utilize microorganism self-contained in mud to be fermented, do not add separately the biotechnological formulation that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
A kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, it adopts aforesaid sludge fermentation method preparation.
At present, report shortens the research of compost fermentation time both at home and abroad, mostly in large-scale aerobic buttress, tunnel fermentation, adds aspect microbial inoculum and the processing of taking grain out of a granary to sun it.Two step method static compost zymotechnique provided by the invention, that is: one-step fermentation compost temperature 52-57 ℃, two stage fermentation compost temperature 58-63 ℃; Twice compost temperature fully covered the multiple high temperature microbial growth temperature range of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Again in real time according to full carbon variation, temperature variation, its air flow of rate of emergence index replacement of substrate digest process; Thereby, provide a kind of less investment, technique is simple and easy, fermentation period is short, take up an area few mud compost method on the spot.
The present invention adopts two step aerobic composts, and the 30-40 days time of becoming thoroughly decomposed of traditional bar buttress sludge composting method is reduced to 110-160h, shortens fermentation period, has greatly improved composting efficiency, has improved the processing power of mud.The present invention is applicable to the high-rate composting in the places such as medium and small mud factory and livestock culturing field, due to without concentrated compost, has reduced the secondary pollution of the processes such as transportation.Because leavening temperature of the present invention is high, at 52-63 ℃, can effectively remove pathogenic agent, parasitic ovum, so the organic fertilizer that the present invention makes can be used safely.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The growth curve that Fig. 1 is digest process;
Fig. 2 is the relation of effect and temperature of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-
1 materials and methods
1.1 material, equipment
The amendment 11.1 become thoroughly decomposed: become thoroughly decomposed amendment M501, MA502, M501 is mainly by soybean cake powder 29%, starch 70%, KH
2pO
41% forms, and is modulated to moisture 45%, PH7.1-7.3; MA502 is mainly by soybean cake powder 21%, starch 78%, KH
2pO
41% forms, and is modulated to moisture 52%, PH7.3-7.6.
11.2 substratum, composting material: beef-protein medium, improvement Gause I substratum, the Ma Dingshi substratum, the substratum that bacterium, fungi, the test of actinomycetic Starch Hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis test, cellulase activity are measured and counting substratum thereof.Domestic sludge is from Xiamen Shi Weitou sewage work, moisture 59～81%, full carbon 52% (butt), full nitrogen 1.9% (butt); Mushroom soil is from Xiamen green mark biotechnology company (the culture medium of edible fungus tankage add the amendments such as appropriate tobacco leaf slag), moisture 21～29%, full carbon 30～39% (butt), full nitrogen 1.1% (butt).Mud and mushroom soil are made into 13: 7 (w/w), full carbon 41%, moisture 60%, C/N value 27～33, as composting material.
11.3 plant and instrument: the multiplex incubator of WDP microorganism, intelligent illumination box, counting apparatus for bacteria, colony counter and plastics tray etc.The long 4.6m of storehouse formula compost reactor, wide 2.0m, high 2.1m, configuration air quantity 21m
3the calorifier of/min (normal temperature to 90 ℃) and time rly., purchased from Xiamen green mark biotechnology company.Wherein, bottom 02m high as air-blowing, air-flow buffer, lead pollution layer enter in-vessel composting system by ventilating hole channel equably so that distinguished and admirable, and can collect percolate it is discharged; Bulkhead is made with warming plate, and does corrosionproof protection, continue to use 2 years still intact; About 200m is taken up an area in the compost workshop of ten reactors
2, approximately 1500 tons of year lignin-sludges.
1.2 method
1.2.1 process of the test: this test continued to carry out from year November in February, 2009 to 2010, used storehouse formula compost reactor, adopted the technology mode of two step method static fermentation compost, forced ventilation and temperature control.During the one-step fermentation compost, add 8-15% (w/w) the amendment MA502 that becomes thoroughly decomposed; During the two stage fermentation compost, add 8-15% (w/w) the amendment M501 that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature, ventilation by calorifier, temperature controller, time relay controlled fermentation compost.Get respectively the equivalent sample at each point for measuring temperature and mixed, sample is divided into 2 parts, and portion is bright sample, is stored in 4 ℃ of refrigerators, and for the mensuration of water ratio and collecting cells etc., another duplicate samples dry storage is standby.
1.2.2 the mensuration of the optimum temps of one-step fermentation compost, pH value and growth curve thereof: by composting material, respectively culture temperature (℃) be 50,52,55,58,60 next step storehouse formula static composts, accurately pipette sample under 75h.Each is processed and repeats (lower same) for 6 times.The pH of raw material is adjusted to respectively to 6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,7.7,8.0,8.5, and 55 ℃ of next step storehouse formula static composts of temperature, accurately pipette sample under 71h.The mensuration of one step storehouse formula static compost growth curve, be 5,10,15,20,24,28,33,36,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80 times at incubation time (h), accurately pipettes sample.Measure respectively bacterium, actinomycetes and fungi and total count thereof with ascites method, the method for plate culture count
[20-21]; Measure full carbon with potassium bichromate titrimetric method, with Micro-kjoldahl method, measure full nitrogen
[22].Measure total count and carry out data analysis by DPS software, determining its optimum temperature range and pH value.
1.2.3 the optimum temps of two stage fermentation compost and the mensuration of growth curve thereof: by the composting material of pH7.7, at 55 ℃ of next step storehouse formula static composts; By the complete stirring of composting material, carry out two step storehouse formula static composts at 71h, continue respectively temperature (℃) be 55,58,60,63,65, water ratio 50% time, accurately pipette sample during 65h.The mensuration of two step storehouse formula static compost growth curves is the same.Detection method is the same, with this, determines the optimum temps of two stage fermentation compost.
1.2.4 the mensuration of the best air flow of two step method static fermentation compost: by the composting material of pH7.7, at 55 ℃ of next step storehouse formula static composts, the blowing that circulates (hot blast in good time) and blow off wind.At 71h, by the complete stirring of composting material, two step storehouse formula static composts under 60 ℃, at 71h to 136h time period circulate blowing (hot blast) and blow off wind in good time.Determine its best air flow according to the full carbon variation of substrate digest process, temperature variation, rate of emergence index.Rate of emergence index (GI) is measured
[6]adopt cucumber seeds (middle section 968).
2 results and analysis
2.1 the mensuration of the optimum temps of one-step fermentation compost, pH value and flora growth curve thereof
Temperature, pH value to the one-step fermentation compost have been made mensuration, the results are shown in Table 1～2.
Temperature affects microbial growth, existence; Only, at suitable temperature, the microorganism-decomposing microbial inoculum just can have the effect of stronger decomposing organic matter.Table 1 data show, between 52 ℃～58 ℃, growing microorganism is all very fast, and total count is 1.4 * 10
7individual/g～2.1 * 10
7individual/g; The full carbon of substrate reduces to 34～36%.The optimum growth temperature that can determine thus this flora is 55 ℃.
The factor of heap temperature in composting process that affects mainly contains, composting material, moisture content, organic content, pH value, C/N value, air flow, unit weight, hole and variation of ambient temperature rate etc.; And the solid heat conductance is poor, on the heat production peak, heap temperature sharply rises, and thermograde easily occurs.Research shows, the temperature monitoring that reactor is good and control and can improve the success ratio of compost and the quality of composting production.Therefore, the storehouse formula compost reactor of this test adopts cross-ventilated thermolysis to carry out the accumulation of balance microbial metabolism activity heat production.
Table 2 data show, between pH7～8, all can grow, and when pH7.7, the bacterium number is maximum, reaches 2.6 * 10
7individual/g.When following with pH6 more than pH8.5, this flora growth is poor, and the bacterium number is obviously less, and growing microorganism, carbon consumption are all slower.
The bacterium amount of table 1 one-step fermentation compost and the relation of temperature
Table?1?Relationship?between?the?biomass?and?the?temperature?of?the?first-step?compost
Annotate: significance P<0.05 significant difference means with lowercase; P<0.01 difference is extremely remarkable, with capitalization, means; Lower same.Note：P＜0.05：significant?difference，expressed?by?small?letter；P＜0.01：very?significant?difference，expressed?by?capital?letter；the?same?blow.
The bacterium amount of table 2 one-step fermentation compost and the relation of pH
Table?2?Relationship?between?the?biomass?and?the?pH?of?the?first-step?compost
2.3 the mensuration of the optimum temps of two stage fermentation compost and flora growth curve thereof
Experiment shows, between 58 ℃～63 ℃, growing microorganism is all very fast, and total count is 2.3 * 10
7individual/g～2.6 * 10
7individual/g, actinomycetes, fungi be growth preferably also; The full carbon of substrate reduces to 29～31%.Can determine that thus growth temperature is 60 ℃, the results are shown in Figure 2.
Corrupt clostridium is decomposed and plays an important role the protein in mud, and bacstearothermophilus, aspergillus niger are that catalyzed by amylase in its secretion carries out to the hydrolysis of starch
[20-22].Visible, decomposing microbial inoculum must be comprised of many bacterial strains or mushroom, and they must cooperatively interact, act synergistically, and just can reach the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
2.4 the mensuration of the best air flow of two step method static fermentation compost
Bar buttress aerobic compost volume is larger, the temperature of compost, the more bad control of oxygen level, and for this reason, the compost reactor Volume design of this test is moderate, can allow air evenly contact fully with raw material.Experiment shows, at 0h～24h, the adjustment period of the compost bacterial strain, oxygen requirement is less, ventilation 3min, stops 25min, and the heap body does not need warm air just can be warmed up to 55 ℃, and it is identical that its heating curve and bar are piled up neatly aerobic compost.At 24h～71h, the compost bacterial strain is more in logarithmic phase, balance period oxygen requirement, generally need only adjust aeration time just can control temperature 55 ℃ upper and lower, visible, it is similar that the temperature curve of a step composting process and bar are piled up neatly aerobic compost.The two step composting process designs of this test are based on the temperature curve of bar buttress aerobic compost and the correction of strain growth condition.At 71h～113h, now the nutritive ingredient such as Water Soluble Organic Carbon has reduced, become thoroughly decomposed the heat energy that produces also deficiency maintain the substrate temperature 60 C that becomes thoroughly decomposed, at this moment just need a small amount of warm air.In the compost later stage, the microbial metabolism activity is slowed down, and this storehouse formula compost reactor will make by the heat effect of warm air the heap temperature substantially constant.But also must consider the impact of convection of air on the moisture evaporation, prevent the moisture excessive loss.The results are shown in Table 3.
Air flow experiment and the result of table 3 Aerobic Vessel Compost System
Table?3?Experiments?and?results?of?ventilation?volume?in?storage?aerobic?compost?of?sludge
By above processing, after mud is transformed into organic fertilizer, can be used for agricultural fertilizer.
Embodiment bis-
A kind of sludge fermentation method comprises the following steps:
A, with the culture medium of edible fungus tankage, mud is adjusted to moisture content 55%, full carbon ratio 45%, C/N value 27;
B, fermented manure for the first time: the mud after adjustment adds 10% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and this its main component of amendment of becoming thoroughly decomposed comprises soybean cake powder 27%, starch 72%, KH
2pO
41%, be modulated to moisture 44%, PH7.1, deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, 52 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 7, fermentation 80h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: the compost after the fermentation adds 12% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed for the first time, and its main component comprises soybean cake powder 20%, starch 78.8%, KH
2pO
41.2%, be modulated to moisture 50%, PH 7.6, after turning is stirred, 63 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 8, fermentation 50h.
Other method of the present embodiment and operation and embodiment mono-are basic identical.By above processing, after mud is transformed into organic fertilizer, can be used for agricultural fertilizer.
Embodiment tri-
A kind of sludge fermentation method comprises the following steps:
A is adjusted to moisture content 65%, full carbon ratio 40-44%, C/N value 33 with the culture medium of edible fungus tankage by mud;
B, fermented manure for the first time: the mud after adjustment adds 8% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and this its main component of amendment of becoming thoroughly decomposed comprises soybean cake powder 31%, starch 68.2%, KH
2pO
40.8%, be modulated to moisture 46%, PH7.3, deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, 57 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 7.3, fermentation 60h;
C, fermented manure for the second time: the compost after the fermentation adds 15% (w/w) amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed for the first time, and its main component comprises soybean cake powder 23%, starch 76%, KH
2pO
41%, be modulated to moisture 50%, PH 7.6, after turning is stirred, 58 ℃ of leavening temperatures, under the condition of pH value 8, fermentation 80h.
Other method of the present embodiment and operation and embodiment mono-are basic identical.By above processing, after mud is transformed into organic fertilizer, can be used for agricultural fertilizer.
Above are only specific embodiments of the invention, but design concept of the present invention is not limited to this, allly utilizes this design to carry out the change of unsubstantiality to the present invention, all should belong to the behavior of invading protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a sludge fermentation method comprises the following steps:
A, mud is adjusted to moisture content 55-65%, C/N value 27-33;
B, fermented manure for the first time: deliver to fermentation unit after stirring and build up fermentation heap, heat up, at leavening temperature 52-57 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8,60-80h ferments;
C, fermented manure for the second time: at leavening temperature 58-63 ℃, under the condition of pH value 7-8, fermentation 50-80h.
2. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fermented manure temperature is 55 ℃ for the first time, pH7.7.
3. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: fermented manure temperature 60 C for the second time, pH value 7.7.
4. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: compost employing fermentation vat formula, storehouse formula or tunnel like composting device.
5. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: being adjusted into of steps A adds agricultural organic waste.
6. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: add respectively the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed in step B and step C, the add-on of the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed is, by weight, and 8-15% compost weight.
7. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed added in step B, its main component comprises soybean cake powder 27-31%, starch 68-72%, KH
2pO
40.8-1.2%, be modulated to moisture 44-46%, pH7.1-7.3; The amendment that becomes thoroughly decomposed added in step C, its main component comprises soybean cake powder 19-23%, starch 76-80%, KH
2pO
40.8-1.2%, be modulated to moisture 50-54%, pH7.3-7.6.
8. a kind of sludge fermentation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: after fermented manure finishes for the first time, before fermented manure, compost is carried out to complete stirring for the second time.
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| CN106032338A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-19 | 陈温乐 | Method for rapidly manufacturing organic fertilizer |
| CN105001007B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-03-09 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | A kind of method and organic fertilizer that organic fertilizer is manufactured using citrus peel residue and municipal sludge as primary raw material |
| CN105084693A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-11-25 | 吴永忠 | Biological high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology of sludge |
| CN107285940A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-10-24 | 洛阳茂生生物技术有限公司 | Salt-soda soil is improved in the method for planting plants using the sludge nutritional media of preparation |
| CN108164293A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 蚌埠圻润环境工程科技有限公司 | A kind of method of quick raising urban life sludge aerobic fermentation rate |
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| JP2002326100A (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-12 | Toda Biosystem:Kk | Treating method for sludge and treating apparatus used therein |
| JP2006151782A (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-15 | Toru Ono | Method for composting sludge cake |
| CN100509709C (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2009-07-08 | 陈南岭 | Process of twice fermenting garbage-sludge mixture to produce microbial fertilizer |
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