CN1826169A - 加载催化剂的方法及设备 - Google Patents

加载催化剂的方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1826169A
CN1826169A CNA2004800127079A CN200480012707A CN1826169A CN 1826169 A CN1826169 A CN 1826169A CN A2004800127079 A CNA2004800127079 A CN A2004800127079A CN 200480012707 A CN200480012707 A CN 200480012707A CN 1826169 A CN1826169 A CN 1826169A
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CN100453159C (zh
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史蒂芬·布伦诺姆
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Clean Harbert Catalyst Technologies Ag
Kaitaike Holdings Co ltd
Kate Technology AG
Ketek International Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0015Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
    • B01J8/003Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor in a downward flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0015Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
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    • B65G69/16Preventing pulverisation, deformation, breakage, or other mechanical damage to the goods or materials
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    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00769Details of feeding or discharging
    • B01J2208/00778Kinetic energy reducing devices in the flow channel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract

所揭示者为用以填充颗粒材料至一管中的方法及设备,其系藉由沿着一可软化颗粒掉落及提供均匀填充的加载工具来往下传送颗粒进入管内。该加载工具包括一中央构件及多个调节构件,其适于依据实际颗粒大小及管的种类与直径来调整。该等调节构件可以是由坚硬的或弹性的材质制成,且不会占据该管任一轴向位置处大部分截面积。操作时,可于填充操作期间拉扯该中央构件随着填充该管的同时将该中央构件由该管底部缓缓往上举升。该多个调节构件可降低该催化剂的掉落速度并使催化剂不致以直线往下的路径掉落,此可避免催化剂在填充过程中形成架桥及避免催化剂碎裂。

Description

加载催化剂的方法及设备
技术领域
本发明实施例大致系关于用以填充颗粒材料至一管中的方法及设备。本发明特定实施例系关于用以填充催化剂至一段转化炉(primary reformer furnace)之一管中的方法及设备。
背景技术
诸如那些用来制造氨气、氢气及甲醇的段转化炉,一般都会使用数十根甚至数百根内部充填有催化剂颗粒的热交换管。这些管一开始就必须填好催化剂,且必须定期以新鲜催化剂来置换掉使用过的催化剂。如果填入催化剂颗粒至管中的速度过快,很容易会在充填的催化剂中造成孔洞(voids)或出现填充不均匀的现象。此外,如果让催化剂以自由落体方式掉入管中,有很容易造成催化剂颗粒碎裂。无论是出现孔洞或催化剂碎裂都会造成局部密度改变及催化剂密度低于其最佳状态。每一管中催化剂局部密度均不同会造成该等管中压力落差出现变化,此将导致在一多管反应器中气体分布不正常也会使这些管在反应器操作期间温度变化不均匀,进而使管内出现热及机械应力而缩短该些管的使用寿命。为降低管中出现孔洞可采用轻敲或震动管壁的方式使空气排出,但是,此举通常耗时且会延长催化剂的填充时间。此外,敲击或震动也使得该些管不必要地承受额外的机械应力。如果填充过程中,出现过量催化剂颗粒碎裂的情形,唯一的补救方式就是将管中全部的催化剂倒出,在重新填充新催化剂。此将导致人力成本上升及损失昂贵的催化剂。
降低密度变化的方式之一是使用以诸如软塑胶类的材料制成、且已充填有催化剂于其中的一短袜或类似短袜的构件。该等催化剂可由制造商先行填充于短袜中。在将催化剂填入管中时,可将该等已填有催化剂的短袜先行固定在一线上,然后再将该短袜缓缓降入每一管底部。藉由拉扯该线,使短袜在管底被打开,让催化剂以最小自由落体方式流入管中。但是,这种方法还是有好几项缺点。以这种方式填充一管通常会需要用到好几只短袜,使得这种加载方式变得极繁琐,有时候,这种短袜还会在尚未到达管底前就提早打开,使得催化剂掉落的速度及距离超过预期,也造成其碎裂程度多过预期。而且,如果短袜中的催化剂就已经有许多孔洞存在,则当该短袜在管底被倒空时,还是同样会使管中的催化剂出现孔洞。因此,仍然需要对该些管进行敲击或震动来促使管内空气分布更为均匀。
另一种可帮助催化剂填充更均匀的方法包括先以水填满该些管,之后再将催化剂倒入并置换出水来。但是,这种方法必须保证水能在后续过程中完全被移除,而移除水并将催化剂加以干燥会需要花掉很长的时间。此外,使用水来帮助填充也会需要用到一些特殊处理,造成不必要的时间及人力成本。
RD专利申请第RD-253040-A号中揭示了一种用来填充催化剂至一管中的方法,其系使用一传送器构件来添加催化剂至该管的上部,该传送器构件包含一缓慢转动配置(a slowly rotating arrangement)。该催化剂系从一容器经过一管道来传送,该管道中有一具有倾斜/水平推进翼的杆或刷子。该催化剂被传送到该催化剂管的上端然后平滑地落入该管中。但是,使用这种方式时,催化剂颗粒的添加必须非常缓慢才能达到均匀填加的目的。此外,催化剂仍然需掉落一段相当长的距离,特别是开始填加之初,因此仍然无法避免催化剂颗粒出现碎裂的情况。因此,催化剂在垂直方向上的填充因掉落速度不同仍然有填充不均匀的问题,且费时甚久。
基于上述,亟需一种经济有效且适于一特定反应器之颗粒加载要求的催化剂加载工具,同时也需要一种可在不会打破催化剂颗粒的情况下填充反应器管的催化剂加载工具。
发明内容
本发明实施例大致系关于可防止一催化剂颗粒碎裂及可均匀填充催化剂至管中使达最佳密度的方法和设备。颗粒可被直接倒空往下进入管中以达到最快填充管的目的。但是,一加载工具可减缓催化剂掉落的速度并均匀填充该管以避免催化剂颗粒碎裂或在管中形成催化剂孔洞。该加载工具包含一中央构件,例如一杆、一线、一链等类似物,其具有多个调节构件(damper members),每一调节构件的形状均不相同但都具有一小于该管内径的径向突出物。操作时,可于填充操作期间拉扯该中央构件同时随着填充管而将该中央构件由该管底部缓缓往上举升。或者,该中央构件可保持静止使其最低处仅稍微高出所添加之催化剂的预期填充高度。无论是哪一种操作方式,顺序引入有限、预定量的催化剂以容许定期调整该中央构件最低处的位置。该多个调节构件可降低该催化剂的掉落速度并使催化剂不致以直线往下的路径掉落。此可避免催化剂在填充过程中形成架桥。调节构件及中央构件的种类与形状可依据特定催化剂颗粒的实际类型及管的直径来加以调整。由于此调节构件并不会占据该管任何轴向位置处大部分的横截面积,因此其可以由坚硬或柔软材质制成。随着该中央构件最低处接触该催化剂介面的同时,可藉由实际感觉该中央构件从紧绷到松弛的变化,来定期手动调整该中央构件最低处的高度。在本发明另一实施例中,可将一感应器放在该中央构件的一较低部位,以与该中央构件顶部联通,来提供接触到该催化剂介面时的视觉或听觉表示。
附图说明
以下藉由实施例及附图及详细说明来描述上述摘要内容中的本发明特征。但须知附图仅系作为阐述本发明特定实施例之用,本发明范畴并不特为局限于所揭示该等实施例中。
图1是用常规方法填充的管的示意图;
图2是用本发明一个实例方法填充的管的示意图;
图3是本发明一个实例中连接在中央构件上的调节构件的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出一管10,例如一反应器用的催化剂管。如所绘示者,其系藉由让颗粒12直接掉落该管中造成空隙14及碎裂的催化剂颗粒16来填充该管10。
图2示出诸如催化剂的颗粒12掉入一包括有加载工具20于其中的管10内。该加载工具20包含一中央构件22,其可以是一杆、一线、一链等类似物且其具有多个调节构件24于其上,每一调节构件系实质水平且环绕该中央构件22配置,以沿着该管10的一长度方向实质且圆周式的涵盖该管。该中央构件可以是坚硬的或柔软的。该中央构件上每一调节构件24间的距离可以相同或不同。该多个调节构件24可降低颗粒12的掉落速度并使其不致以直线往下的路径掉落。由于该等调节构件24并不会占据该管10在任一轴向位置处大部分的横截面积,因此其可以由坚硬或柔软材质制成,同时还能容许颗粒12可往下掉落。可由轴向两端来移动或拉扯该加载工具20,随着该管被填充的同时将其缓慢往上拉出该管10,或是其可在添加催化剂的同时保持静止,之后在每一催化剂充填顺序之间往上拉出。将该加载工具20由该管10中移出的过程,可以设置在该中央构件22中一诸如圆孔眼及相配的钩环之类的耦接28将其分成好几段来进行。因此,能够从管10外部处理之加载工具20的量即可被限制在该中央构件22上该耦接28之间的距离。该颗粒12可经由一漏斗26往下倒入该管10中,该漏斗26可在填充过程完成后加以移除。但是,也可以其他习知的方式来添加催化剂颗粒到管中。
图3绘示该调节构件24的一实例。如所示,该调节构件24是一种市面上可购得的便宜、可调式固定件,具有一连接在一长形件32上的可锁定部30,该长形件32系环绕着该加载工具20的中央构件22。此外,该长形件32可回头通过该可锁定部30的一部分,以在其之一侧形成一个圈。该调节构件24之该可锁定部30及该长形件32可由金属或是具有不同坚硬度的塑胶制成。可依据欲被填充在管10中的材料及该管10本身的大小,来调整该调节构件24的形状、长度、坚硬度、数目、在该中央构件22上的空间距离等。由于该调节构件24系由便宜材质构成,因此可以很容易地改变上述这些变化来达成目的。
可以手动方式来定期调整该中央构件最低处的位置。此系藉由亲自感觉随着该中央构件接触到催化剂表面,该中央构件本身会从紧绷状态变成松弛状态这样的变化来知道,类似一加了铅锤的钓鱼线接触到水底时的感觉。在本发明一实施例中,可藉由在该中央构件最低处加装一感应器来辅助该定期调整步骤。此感应器可与该中央构件顶部联通以提供接触到该催化剂介面时的视觉或听觉表示。
本发明实施例提供一新颖、可再现的、迅速填充方法。此方法本身不会在填充过程中伤害填充颗粒,造成碎裂。同时还可达到均匀提充的目的,因此可避免当该些填充有催化剂的管在操作期间出现温度分布不均匀的现象。此外,也可使管中充填的催化剂密度保持均一,而无须再敲击或震动管壁,此敲击或震动管壁的步骤不仅耗时且很容易造成管壁的伤害。因此,除了可节省填充时间外,还可省掉敲击或震动管壁的时间。本发明方法非常简单、具经济效益且很容易依照操作情况进行迅速改变。此外,对操作员依赖的情况也很低,还可避免使用充填有颗粒之短袜所可能会有的失误,因此在填充及传送上有相当大的自由度。
由上述说明,熟习此项技术者可轻易地确知本发明之必要特征,在没有偏离本发明之精神及范畴的情况下,熟习此项技术者可对本发明进行各种改变和修饰使本发明适用于各种用途及条件。因此,其他具体实施例也在本发明之申请专利范围的范围内。
元素符号说明
10       管                        12       催化剂颗粒
14       孔洞                      16       碎裂的催化剂颗粒
20       加载工具                  22       中央构件
24       调节构件                 26       漏斗
28       耦接                     30       可锁定部
32       长形件

Claims (5)

1.一种将固体颗粒分布到一管中的设备,包括:
一中央构件;
多个连接到该中央构件上的调节构件,其中该多个调节构件系配置在该中央构件上以沿着该管之一长度方向提供实质上成圆周式的覆盖,且该调节构件本身并不会完全将该管之一横截面加以覆盖住。
2.一种将固体颗粒分布到一管中的方法,包括:
将一加载工具放置在该管的内部,该加载工具具有一中央构件及多个连接到该中央构件上的调节构件,其中该多个调节构件系配置在该中央构件上以沿着该管之一长度方向提供实质上成圆周式的覆盖,且该调节构件本身并不会完全将该管之一横截面加以覆盖住;
以该固体颗粒填充该管,其中该固体颗粒接触该多个调节构件;及
随着该固体颗粒填充该管,而将该加载工具自该管中移出。
3.一种将固体颗粒分布到一管中的方法,包括:
将一加载工具放置在该管的内部,该加载工具具有一中央构件及多个连接到该中央构件上的调节构件,其中该多个调节构件系配置在该中央构件上以沿着该管之一长度方向提供实质上成圆周式的覆盖,且该调节构件本身并不会完全将该管之一横截面加以覆盖住;
以该固体颗粒填充该管,其中该固体颗粒接触该多个调节构件;
随着该固体颗粒填充该管,而将该加载工具自该管中移出;及
使用一感应器来将该中央构件之一第二部分的位置联通至该中央构件之一第一部分。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于该中央构件之该第二部分系位于该中央构件之一最低处。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于该中央构件之该第一部分系位于该中央构件之一上方部位处。
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JP2006527070A (ja) 2006-11-30
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TR201908030T4 (tr) 2019-06-21
JP4745223B2 (ja) 2011-08-10
EP1626801A1 (en) 2006-02-22
CA2534865C (en) 2012-01-10
CN100453159C (zh) 2009-01-21
AU2004234365A1 (en) 2004-11-11
EP1626801B1 (en) 2019-03-06
CA2534865A1 (en) 2004-11-11
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US20070084519A1 (en) 2007-04-19
PL1626801T3 (pl) 2019-08-30

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